ALTERNATING CURRENT

1. Different between DC & AC

2. Sources of AC
3. Sinusoidal Waveform

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 Different between DC & AC
DC
•flow in one direction
•waveform of DC
AC
•flows one way, then the
other way, continually
reversing direction
•waveform of AC

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• Generator that used concept of
electromagnetic by converting mechanical
energy to electrical energy. There are two
ways to generate AC Voltage:
1. Conductor cut (moving) the magnetic flux
2. Magnetic flux cut (moving) the conductor

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 Assignment 1
 Concept of generating alternating current. How
sine wave are produced in generating AC
process?
1. Describe what happen during positive cycle and
negative cycle
2. Figure (with labeling) of sine wave and alternating
current generator.
3. Components

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 Sinusoidal Waveform

Amplitude

Amplitude

Remember: In radian,
One cycle 5
180o
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1. Period, T – time taken in one cycle
1. Unit: Second (s)
2. Cycles –Complete wave where positive cycle and negative cycle
are.
3. Frequency, f - a number of cycles, or periods, per unit time
1. Unit: Hertz (Hz)
4. Peak-to-peak value - value between peak (highest amplitude
value) and trough (lowest amplitude value, which can be negative).
5. Peak value,– maximum value of voltage or current
6. Root mean square amplitude (RMS) – effective value as the
square root of the mean over time of the square of the vertical
distance of the graph from the rest state.
7. A general expression for the sinusoid

v(t ) = Vm sin(ωt + φ ) v(t)=dge

Vm=Amplitude of sinusoid
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ω= angular frequency in radian/second
Sinusoidal Waveform

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• V peak to peak
• Frequency
• Angular frequency
• V rms
• V average

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 EXAMPLE

Example 1

Given a sinusoid, 5 sin( 4πt −60 o ), calculate its

amplitude, phase, angular frequency, period, and
frequency.

Solution:

Amplitude = 5, phase = –60o, angular frequency

= 4π rad/s, Period = 0.5 s, frequency = 2 Hz.
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