Equilibrium Practice Problems

1. Write the equilibrium expression for each of the following

reactions:
N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)
K =

[NH3]2
[N2] [H2]3

I2 (s) + Cl2 (g) 2 ICl

K =

[ICl]2
[Cl2]

NO2 (g) NO
K =

(g)

(g)

+ O2 (g)

[NO] [O2]1/2
[NO2]

2. The dissociation of acetic acid, CH3COOH, has an equilibrium

constant at
25C of 1.8 x 10-5. The reaction is
CH3COOH (aq) CH3COO- (aq) + H+ (aq)
If the equilibrium concentration of CH3COOH is 0.46 moles in
0.500 L of
water and that of CH3COO- is 8.1 x 10-3 moles in the same 0.500
L,
calculate [H+] for the reaction.
K =

[CH3COO-] [H+]

Plug in known values and

solve.
[CH3COOH]
1.8 x 10-5 = [8.1 x 10-3 moles/0.500 L] [H+]
[0.46 moles/0.500 L]
[H+] = 1.0 x 10-3 M
3. Given the initial partial pressures of (PPCl5) = 0.0500 atm, (PPCl3) =
0.150 atm, and (PCl2) = 0.250 atm at 250C for the following
reaction, what must each equilibrium partial pressure be?
PCl5 (g) PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g)
Kp = 2.15
Determine reaction quotient, Q = 0.150 x 0.250 = 0.75

0.0500

Shift to products

Make a chart describing relationships in change.

PCl5 (g)

PCl3 (g) +
Cl2 (g)
Initial
0.0500
0.150
0.250
Change
-x
+x
+x
After
0.0500 -x
0.150 +x 0.250 + x
Plug into equilibrium expression and solve for x.
2.15 = (.150 +x)(0.250 + x)
so x = 0.0272
(0.0500 x)
Determine Concentrations.
PCl5 (g)

After
0.0500 -x
Substitute 0.0228

PCl3 (g) +
0.150 +x
.177

Cl2 (g)
0.250 + x
.277

Confirm value of K with these values to check your answer.

4. The reaction
2 NO (g) N2 (g) + O2 (g)
has a value
of
K= 2400 at 2000 K. If 0.61 g of NO are put in a previously empty 3.00
L
vessel, calculate the equilibrium concentrations of NO, N2, and O2.
Make a chart describing relationships in change.
2 NO (g)
N2 (g) +
O2 (g)
-3
Initial
6.8 x 10
0
0
Change
-2x
+x
+x
-3
After
6.8 x 10 -2x
x
x
Plug into equilibrium expression and solve for x.
2400 =
[x] [x]
so x = 0.0034
[6.8 x 10-3-2x]2
Determine Concentrations.
2 NO (g)
After
6.8 x 10-3- 2X
Substitute 0

N2 (g) +
O2 (g)
X
X
0.0034
0.0034

Does this make sense considering the value of K.

5. Using the same reaction as in #4, calculate the equilibrium
concentrations of NO, N2, and O2 if the initial concentrations of
each species are:

[NO] = 0 M, [N2] = 0.850 M, [O2] = 0.560 M.

Make a chart describing relationships in change.
2 NO (g)
N2 (g) +
O2 (g)
Initial
0
0.850 M
0.560 M
Change
+2x
-x
-x
After
2x
0.850 M - x 0.560 M - x
Plug into equilibrium expression and solve for x.
2400 =
[0.850 M - x] [0.560 M - x]
so x = 0.007
2
[2x]
Determine Concentrations.
2 NO (g)
N2 (g) +
O2 (g)
After
2x
0.850 M - x 0.560 M - x
Substitute 0.014
0.843
0.553
Does this make sense considering the value of K.
6. The following reaction has an equilibrium constant of 620 at a
certain temperature. Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of
all species if 4.5 mol of each component were added to a 3.0 L
flask.
H2 (g) + F2 (g) 2 HF (g)
Determine molarity of solutions
[4.5 mol / 3.0L ] = 1.5 M of all 3
solutions
Make a chart describing relationships in change.
H2 (g) +
F2 (g)
2 HF (g)
Initial
1.5 M
1.5 M
1.5 M
Change
-x
-x
+2x
After
1.5 x
1.5 x
1.5 +2x
Plug into equilibrium expression and solve for x.
620 =
[1.5 +2x]2 so x = 1.33
[1.5 x]2
Determine Concentrations.
After
1.5 x
1.5 x
1.5 +2x
Substitute 0.17 M
0.17 M
4.13 M
7. Ammonia undergoes hydrolysis according to the following
reaction:
NH3 (aq) + H2O NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
K = 1.8 x 10-5
+
Calculate [NH3], [NH4 ] and [OH ] in a solution originally 0.200 M
NH3.
Initial

NH3 (aq) + H2O NH4+

0.200 M
0

(aq)

+ OH- (aq
0

Change
-x
+x
+x
After
0.2 x
x
x
Plug into equilibrium expression and solve for x.
1.8 x 10-5 =
[x]2
so x = .0018
[0.2 x]
Determine Concentrations.
After
0.2 x
x
x
Substitute 0.2 M
.0018 M
.0018M
8. The equilibrium constant for the following reaction is 600C is
4.0. Initially, two moles of CO and one mole of H2O were mixed
in a 1.0 liter container. Determine the concentration of all
species at equilibrium.

CO(g) +

H2O(g) CO2 (g) +

H2 (g)

Initial
2.0 M
1.0 M
0
0
Change
-x
-x
+x
+x
After
2.0 x
1.0 - x
x
x
Plug into equilibrium expression and solve for x.
4.0
=
[x]2
so
x = 0.85
[1.0 x][2.0 x]
Determine Concentrations.
After
2.0 0.85 1.0 - 0.85 0.85
0.85
Substitute 1.15
0.15
0.85
0.85
9. If 5.0 moles of O2 and 4.0 moles of NO were entered into an
empty 1.0 liter flask, calculate the equilibrium constant if the
amount of NO2 found at equilibrium was 1.5 moles.
2 NO (g) + O2 (g) 2 NO2 (g)
Initial
4.0 M
5.0 M
0
Change
-2x
-x
+2x
After
4.0 2x
5.0 - x
2x
Using 1.5 = 2x and therefore x = 0.75 M
After
4.0 1.5
5.0 0.75
1.5
Substitute 2.5
4.25
1.5
K=
(1.5)2
= 0.085
(2.5)2(4.25)
10.
If the equilibrium constant for the following reaction is
0.10, determine the final concentration of ICl, if 4.0 moles of I2
and Cl2 were entered initially into an empty 1.0 liter flask.
I2 (g) +
Cl2 (g)
2 ICl (g)
Initial
4.0 M
4.0 M
0

Change
-x
-x
+2x
After
4.0 x
4.0 - x
2x
Plug into equilibrium expression and solve for x.
0.10
=
[2x]2
so
x = 0.546
[4.0 x]2
Determine Concentrations.
After
4.0 0.546
4.0 - 0.546 2(0.546)
Substitute 3.5
3.5
1.1
11.

The reaction of carbon disulfide with chlorine is as follows:

CS2 (g) + 3 Cl2 (g) CCl4 (g) + S2Cl2 (g)
H = -238 kJ
Predict the effect of the following changes to the system on the
direction
of equilibrium.
a. Shifts right
b. Shifts right
c. Shifts left