Chapter 11

The
Revolution:
Second Phase
Angeles , Rica ( BEEd )
Alońa , Alonica ( ABMC )
Capinpin , Edward ( ABMC )
Ramos, Joana Elain ( BEEd )
 Aguinaldo deposited the P400,000 he
received from Primo de Rivera in 2
Hong Kong banks.
 Pratt persuaded Aguinaldo to cooperate
with Commodore George Dewey who
was about to sail to Manila to destroy
the Spain, and Dewey promptly sank
the Spanish warship.
 Governor General Basilio Augustin
made desperate attempts to win over
the Filipino - Spanish side.
“The Relief on Primo
Rivera”
 The succeeding Liberal Party sent General
Basilio Augustin to the Philippines as
Primo Rivera’s successor.
 April 8, 1898 – Gen. Augustin arrived in Manila
and the following day Primo de Rivera
turned over the reins of the Philippine
Government successor.

“American Designs on the
Philippines”
 The Cuban revolution had drawn the United
States to the side of Cuban rebels, for
American economic interests in the island
were paramount.
 Theodore Roosevelt, Sr. – One of the
influential American, wished that war
between Spain and United States should
break out in order to expand the navy.
 February 25, 1898, Roosevelt cabled Dewey,
now Commander of the Squadron, to make
Hong Kong his base of operations
“The Spanish-American
war”
 In the face of the Philippines and Cuban
revolutions, Spain could not antagonize the
United States.
 Depuy de Lome - the Spain’s ambassador to
the U.S, who wrote a friend in Havana, Cuba
in January 1898, stating that President
William McKinley was weakling and a low
politician. (Letter was stolen)
 The result of which that the publication was
that the American who had been ousted to
anger by stories of alleged Spanish
brutalities and mistreatment of American
citizens in Cuba demanded war against
Spain.
 Roosevelt, seeing in his accident as excuse to
goad his government to war, said: “I would
give anything if President McKinley would order
the fleet to Havana harbor tomorrow. The
Maine was sunk by an act of treachery on the
part of the Spaniards”

“The Battle in Manila Bay”
 With the receipt of secretary Long’s cable
announcing the declaration of war with
Spain, Dewey sailed from Mirs Bay, near
Hong Kong for the Philippines.
 The naval battle that followed was one sided;
in fact it was a massacre.
 News of the victory of Dewey in Manila Bay
electrified the Americans.
 With the single event, the United States found
herself enmeshed in the coils of the world
politics and signalized her entrance into the
“Days of Empire”
“Aguinaldo in Singapore”
 Aguinaldo and his companion ere following the
trend of events on the other side of the
Pacific. (Opportunity to oust the Spaniards in
the Philippines)
 Howard Bray – Englishman of long residence
in the Philippines, contacted Aguinaldo and
told him that the American consul, E. Spence
Pratt, wanted to have an interview with him.
 Aguinaldo expressed his eagerness to return
to the Philippines to lead once more the
Filipinos in the fight against the Spaniards.
“Aguinaldo and Consul
Wildman”
 Rounselville Wildman - American consul at
Hong Kong promptly met him and informed
him that Dewey had left instruction to make
arrangements for Aguinaldo’s return.
 Wildman suggested that upon his return to the
Philippines, Aguinaldo should establish a
government similar to the U.S.

“Aguinaldo and the Hong Kong
Junta”
 The Filipino composed the Hong Kong
Junta met on May 4 to discuss the steps to
be taken in the face of new developments.
 After of exchange in opinions the Junta
unanimously decided that Aguinaldo should
return to the Philippines to lead the Filipinos
against Spaniards.
“Aguinaldo Returns”
 Aguinaldo was convinced of the wisdom of
Junta’s decision and so he prepared for his
return to the Philippines.
 Dewey launch took him to Olympia where he
was given honors due a general.
 Aguinaldo said that United States need no
colonies and that there were no doubts that
Unites States will recognize Philippine
independence.
“Renewal of the Struggle”
 A number of Filipino volunteers in the Spanish
army defected to the Filipino forces.
 Aguinaldo ordered them to occupy the
Dalahikan, the Cavite shipyard, to prevent
the enemy from occupying it.
 Arms were secured from the captain of the
American warship Petrel and distributed
among the large number of Filipinos coming
in to offer their loyalty and service to
Aguinaldo.
“Spanish attempts to win over
Filipinos”
 Demoralizing was the effect of Aguinaldo’s
return.
 Governor General Augustin found himself
betrayed by a Filipino soldier who
volunteered to Spanish army.
 To Counteract, Some Spaniards with the
consent and perhaps inspiration of Governor-
General, circulated a handbill entitled “Viva
la Autonomia” (Salvation of the Unity of its local and
central government)
 Pedro Paterno – Negotiator of Truce of Biyak
na Bato was behind the circular.
 His purpose of calling the Consultative
Assembly was to win over to his side the
wealthy and influential segment of the
“The Siege of Manila”
 Intramuros or Walled City – City of Manila
 Arrabales or Suburbs – district outside Manila
 Dewey invaded or bombarded the city, where
thousands of Spaniard had sought refuge.
 The Filipino forces under Aguinaldo besieged the city in
attempt to starve out the enemies within its walls.
 To make siege effective, Aguinaldo cut off the city’s
food and water supply which these Spaniards as well
as Filipinos and Alien suffered Hunger and thirst.
 June 6 – Aguinaldo offered Gov. Gen. Augustin
honourable surrender which stubbornly refused to
accept surrender, for in Spanish Code of honor
surrender was non-existenent.
 With this refusal, Aguinaldo continued to siege in belief
that hunger and thirst would finally compel the
governor to give up the struggle
“Spanish and American
Agreement”
 G e n e ra l T h o m a s A n d e rso n – 1 st American
Reinforcement
 General Francis Green – 2nd American
Reinforcement
 Dewy thought that the surrender of Manila could
be affected with the use of arms.
 Started negotiating with Augustin, through a
Belgian consul, André, regarding the surrender
of Manila.
 But when the Peninsular Governor heard the plan
he appoint General Fermin Jaudenes in his
stead.
 Dewey went so far as to promise to hold back
the Filipino troops while the mock battle was
being enacted.
“Beginning of Filipino- American
rift”
 Dewey’s policy not provoke an armed conflict
with the Spaniards until after the arrival of
the reinforcements.
 General Wesley Merritt decided that the
offensive against Manila should be
conducted along the bay side.
 Aguinaldo demanded that he request for the
evacuation be made writing.
 With the verbal promise, Aguinaldo withdrew
his troops to give way to the Americans.
(Greene didn't honor this words”
 General Artemio Ricarte – expressed his
doubts as to American intentions and
warned Aguinaldo “to be careful because it
“The Mock Battle in
Manila”
 Dewey and Merritt issued a joint ultimatum to
Jaudanes telling him to evacuate the non
combatants to safe places as the American
land and naval forces would start the
operations “against the defences of Manila”
 The Filipino troops, armed to the teeth position
themselves on the right flank of General
Arthur MacArthur ready to rush into the fray
despite request from General Anderson not
to advance his troops when attack
commenced.
“Terms of Capitulation”
 General Greene rushed into Bagumbayan
open field when he saw white flags.
 The terms of Capitulation was agreed upon
both sides.
 The Spanish authorities agreed to surrender
the Spanish troops and the Filipino
volunteers found inside the walled city.
 Americans agreed to safeguard the city, its
inhabitants, churches and religious workship.
 Both representative of each party formally
signed the terms of surrender.
“The Protocol Peace”
 Secretary of State Day submitted to the
representative of Spain, Jules Cambon, the
French ambassador to Washington, a
protocol with provided for the appointment
of not more than 5 commissioners on each
side to discuss the Treaty of Peace.
 Spain agreed to sign this terms.

 Pres. McKinley issued a proclamation directing

that military operation against enemy be
suspended.
 Merritt didn’t received any proclamation that
mock battle of Manila would have been
fought and Spanish honor would have been
saved had not Dewey cut the cable earlier.