Names: Angie Guo

Date: 22/1/2015

Endothermic----energy is absorbed and object feels cold. Energy is gain which means is positive change.
Exothermic-------energy is released and object feels hot. Energy is lost which means is negative change.
Research question:
How does I change the amount of water affect the temperature of sodium hydroxide?
Independent variable (X): amount of water
Dependent variable (Y): the temperature of the hydroxide mix with water (the change in the temperature)
Fixed variables: amount of sodium hydroxide
Hypothesis:
It is predicted that the temperature would rise when the sodium hydroxide is added to water and when you add
more water the temperature is less than when you add less water.
I think this because did some research about sodium hydroxide and water. During sodium hydroxide melting in
the water then the temperature rises. Because after sodium hydroxide melting completely the water would be
hot. The temperature rises.
Procedure:
List of materials:
Diagram of apparatus:
(and amounts)
(2D, carefully labeled diagram drawn using a ruler and sharp pencil)
1 Thermometer
1 Graduated cylinder (20ml)
1 Beaker (50ml)
9g of Sodium hydroxide
135ml of Water

Give instructions about how and when to control variables, take measurements, repeat tests and make calculations.
Instructions should be numbered and begin with an imperative verb like add, stir or measure.
1. Gather the materials (thermometer, graduated cylinder, beaker, sodium hydroxide, water, paper, pencil)
2. Put the water of different amount in the graduated cylinder.(10ml, 15ml, 20ml.)
3. Put the same amount of sodium hydroxide into different amount of water
4. Measure the temperature of 10ml of water in the beaker
5. Measure the temperature of 15ml of water in the beaker
6. Measure the temperature of 20ml of water in the beaker
7. I would record it on paper
8. Measure the temperature of 10ml of water in the beaker; I would do 2 more times in the beaker.
9. Measure the temperature of 15ml of water in the beaker; I would do 2 more times in the beaker.
10. Measure the temperature of 20ml of water in the beaker; I would do 2 more times in the beaker.
11. Finish all the record and data
12. Read the data that I record get the result from it.

Results:
Quantitative data:

Sodium hydroxide and water experiment

Amount of
water

Amount of
sodium
hydroxide

Time

Start
Temperature

End
temperature

Change
temperature

10ml

1g

24degree

36degree

12degree

15ml

1g

23degree

34degree

11 degree

20ml

1g

2mins43secon
d
2mins42secon
d
2mins45secon
d

24degree

33degree

9 degree

10ml

1g

24degree

37degree

13 degree

15ml

1g

23degree

35 degree

12 degree

20ml

1g

2mins12secon
d
1mins47secon
d
1mins48secon
d

23degree

30 degree

7 degree

10ml

1g

24degree

37 degree

13 degree

15ml

1g

23degree

34 degree

11 degree

20ml

1g

2mins07secon
d
1mins48secon
d
1mins49secon
d

23degree

32 degree

9 degree

Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

Change temperature_x000d__x000d__x000d_
14
12
10

Change
temperature_x000d__
x000d__x000d_

8
6
4
2
0
0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

Observations:
Through the graph, I see the temperature rises even the sodium hydroxide is not melting completely. But when
is melting in the water, the temperature is higher than before melting. I didnt hear anything during the
experiment. Time didnt change in ordered. It didnt change the color. And there is no sound during the
experiment. But there is tiny bubble.

DISCUSSION
Conclusion:
It was found that amount of sodium hydroxide didnt change but amount of water changed. I can see the
temperature is high to lower. The start temperature didnt change that much. I did 10ml, 15ml, and 20ml of
water. The temperature is become lower; when I do 10ml of water to 20ml of water. Through this graph I can
see the start temperature is not really change. Because it always on the same line, about 24.5 on the graph.
Each graph shows the end temperature was changed. First temperature is highest one. Then it becomes the
lower and the lower. The time that I record is not really affect the experiment. But at the first time that I start
do the experiment. The time is more than other two times. I did three trials. It shows same result that is the
temperature goes lower when I add more water. Also the time is longer. After the experiment I see it is
exothermic.
Scientific explanation:
Actually sodium hydroxide and water have no reaction. NaOH aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide NaOH
called ionized water OH- and Na+. NaOH is strong acid and alkali salt, hydrolysis does not occur, show neuter
solid. For a long time in the air and CO2 response in the air, produce Na2CO3 or NaHCO3. When the sodium
hydroxide melting in the water it called whitewash. The formula is 2NaOH+CO2==Na2CO3+H2O. it was a
physical reaction change.

This agreed with my prediction because it is exothermic, after I did the experiment, the temperature rises and the
sodium hydroxide is melting in the water completely. My hypothesis is same as the graph. It shows the same
thing. But I didnt know that the temperature would be lower when I add more water. I think because the
water

Evaluation: (Validity issues - What inaccuracies might have occurred due to the equipment or procedure used during
the experiment? Related improvements - How could the equipment or procedure be changed to make the experiment
more accurate next time?)
Validity issues
Related improvements
The time that I record
Try do more times
Amount of water sometimes is a little bit more than
I would look the water at the eye level.
the number I choice. I use graduated cylinder to
measure the water.

Bibliography:
sodium Hydroxide." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 2015. Web. 22 Feb. 2015.