ProductDescription

MaterialsList

1launderedtwinbedsizesheet[39by75inches](mediumweaveorabouta170thread
count/meshsizeandameshopeningsizeof.088mm.)

1launderedtwinbedsizesheet[39by75inches](finerweaveorabouta200thread
count/meshsizeandameshopeningsizeof.074mm.)
Aftereachsucceedingtestseries,thefabricwillbewashedagain.

1large5gallonbucket

1AluminumPieTin(9inchdiameter)

About5cupsofactivatedcarbon

PVCPipeabout3inchesinlength(includingslightbend)

Onesmallbungeecordmeasuringabouttwofeetinlength

Thelistshouldconsistofmostlysparematerialsfromaroundthehouseandthusmostshould
provenocosttogroupmembers.However,ifnosheetsormaterialsofaspecifickindcanbe
found,theymustbebought
TwinSheet200threadcountCostsabout$13.99
TwinSheet170threadcountCostsabout$9.99
5GallonBucketCostsabout$6.50
ActivatedCarbonCostsabout$15.00forabout5cups
PVCPipeCosts$4.79
BungeeCosts$4.49
AluminumPieTinCostsabout$1.50

Explanationofworkingdesign

http://plankt.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/4/513.full.pdf
(linkto
graphandimagesforplanktonsizes)
Thisdesignhadproveneffectiveinreducingdiseasewithinpoorcommunitiesinthisareaby
providingameshthroughwhichtofilteroutparticulatematterinthewater.Theareamostlycontains
pathogenswhichthrivewhenconnectedtoparticlessuchasalgae,zooplankton,andphytoplankton,
whichusuallyserveasthehostsofmanyofthesediseases,suchascholera.Thesealgaeparticlescan
rangeinsizefrom0.5umtoover50metersinlengthandwidth.Theaveragesizesofthesefreshwater

planktonrangefromfromabout0.4mmto1.6mminlength.Oursieveholeswithinthefabric,atour
loosestweave,isabout.088mminlengthandwidthprovinganopeningwhichistoosmallforthese
hostparticlestofitthrough.Theparticularmatterwhichisalsoremovedbythesarifromthewater
includeparasitelarvae,fecalmatter,anddecomposingflesh,allaboutthesamesizesastheseplankton
andalgaebeforementionedandallclassifiedashostsofdiseaseswhichplaguethiscommunity.The
filtrationsheetisrequiredtobelaunderedbeforeeachusetoensurethatnopathogenstrappedfrom
previoususesstillinhabitit.Ourdesignallowsforthiselementofourfiltrationsystemasfarascloth
tobereplacedorlaunderedasneeded.Thisexplainedinthelastparagraphoftheexplanation.
Carbonservestofilteroutammonia,oneofthefewsubstancesofpollutionthatclothcannot
catch.Althoughcarbonmaybehardtocomebyinthisimpoverishedarea,coalisaresourcecommon
inIndiaandshouldserveasaviablesubstitute.Ourdesignallowsthispartofthefiltertoalsobe
replacedasneeded.
Thismethodshouldproveeffectivewithinthisimpoverishedcommunitybecauseitconsistsof
abasichouseholdclothwhichallIndianhouseholdsinVaranasishouldcontain,asitisthetraditional
dressforwomeninthisareaandthecarboncanbereplacedwithcoalifneeded.However,educational
attemptsatinstitutingmethodsinthepasthavefailedalthoughthewomeninthearea,whoarethe
maingatherersofwater,weretaughthowtousethissimplisticmethod,afterfiveyearslessthan26%
ofthewomenwerestillutilizingit.Wehaveconcludedthatamoreeffectivemethodwouldbeto
insinuatetheseteacheswithinthereligiousdogmasurroundingtheriver,possiblybypropagandisingit
moreintheareaandnotifyingreligiousleadersastoitsimportance.
Thecarbonandthebucketplayaroleincreatinganindependententityoffiltration,inwhich
weplacethefinesheetoverthemouthofthebucket,creatingaslightwellinthefoldedfabricinorder
tocreateaplaceforthewatertoseepthrough,securingitwiththebungee.Thecarbonisplacedbelow
thisontopofanothersheetwellwhichisplacedontopofthepietin,whichinthiscaseisinsertedinto
thebucketandsecuredwithin,thesheetwhichliesontopofthetinismadeupofthemediumweave
fabricandisplacedinordertocatchanycarbonparticlesbeforetheyfallintothecleanwater.The
carbonmustbeplacedsothatnofabricofthismediumweaveisvisible,ensuringthatnowaterescapes
throughthefabricwithoutfilteringfirstthroughthecarbon.Thepietinisdrilledwithinchbitsize
holestoallowtheidealflowofwaterthroughanditsaluminummakeensuresthatitwilllastlongand
notrusteasily.ThePVCpipeisattachedataperpendicularangletothesideofthebucket,andwhenthe
cleanwaterfillsuptoaboutanaheightofaninchatthebucketsbase,itflowsintothepipeandintoa
cleanreceptacle.BecausethewatermustriseinordertoflowoutthroughthePVCpipe,italsomeans
thatitmustleavebehindanyexcessparticlesorheavysediment.Ourdesignisconstructedsothatthe
carboncanbechangedoutaswellasthefabricswashed.Thesheetswillbecuttofitthedimensionsof
thebucket.Thelargesizeofthefilteralsoindicatesthatitcanfilteroutlarge
amountsofwater,
even
thoughitmaytakeawhile
,
hencefittingtheneedsoffamilieswithmanymembers,ofwhichmanycan
befoundinthisarea.


ThepictureaboveisourSketchupdesignofthewaterfilter.Thebucketisas
demonstrated,thetranslucentredrepresentsthetwolayersofclothfittedbothoverthe
bucketsmouthandthetopofthealuminumtin,whilethistinisrepresentedbytheholed
surfacebelowthistranslucentlayer.Thisdesignislackingarepresentationofourcarbon
element,butthiswasdifficulttocreateandcanbevisualized,simplybyrealizingthatitlies
ontopofboththealuminumpanandthesheetwhichrestsuponthepan,whileitliesbelow
thesheetcoveringthemouthofthebucket.

FilterTestResults
Keepinmindthatwetestedeachelementofourfilterseparatelyintestsduetothefactthatthis
designatedeachelementsspecificfunctionsandletusmoreclearlyanalyzethis.

.
MicroorganismTest
Wecametotheconclusionthatthefineweavesheeteffectivelyfiltersmicroorganisms
outofwater.Thiswillbeourprimaryfilterofthesecomponentswithinourfinalfilter.Onthe
firstscanofunfilteredwaterbeneathamicroscope,wefoundmicroorganismssuchas
cosmarium,closterium,andvolvox.Althoughthismaynotaccountforallorganismswithinthe
slideofunfilteredwater,wefound,intheslidesofthissamewaterwhichwasnowfiltered
throughoursolelyclothfilter,nomicroorganisms.Therewasnomovementwhatsoever.We
alsonoticedthatinourtestofunfilteredwater,themicroorganismstendedtobefoundamongst
clumpsofalgaeorparticulatefoodmatter.Webelievethatbecauseourfiltercaughtthese
withinitsmesh,wesucceededineliminatingmostofthemicroorganismsinthewater.Thiscan
beappliedtoourareaoffocusbecausethisareaswatercontainsamassiveamountof
microorganismswhichoftenclingtoalgaeparticlesandfreshwaterplankton,soinprovingthat
ourclothcanremoveparticulatematterwhichservesasthehosttomanymicroorganisms,our
grouphasproventhatthismethodiseffectiveinsolvingtheconcernsofmicroorganism
habitationwithinthisareaswater.


TurbidityTest
Weconductedourturbiditytestbyimmersingasecchidisc(asmalldiscontheendofa
smallstickwhichispaintedblackandwhite)intoagraduatedcylinderofunfilteredandstirred
turbidwater.Whenthepersonimmersingthedisccouldnolongerseethediscunderthewater,
theyheldthedevicestillandanotherpersonlookedtothemarkedoutsideofthegraduated
cylindertodetermineatwhatpointwithinthegraduatedcylinderthiswas,howeverthispoint
couldalsobemarkedonthestickandmeasuredseparately.Ourgroupfoundthispointtobeat
the3centimeterdepthpointmarkedonthegraduatedcylinder.Thissamewaterwasthen
filteredthroughourclothonlyandthesametestwasconducted.Thistime,thediscprovedtono
longerbevisibleatadepthof6cm.Twomoretestsfoundthat(goingfromaratioofunfiltered
measurementdepthstofiltered)2cm:4cmand2cm:7cm.Thisprovesthatourmethodof
reducingparticulatematterwithinwaterthroughtheuseofameshstrainiseffective.Inusing
thisfilter,theamountofsolidmatterwithinwaterisreduced,hencereducingtheamountof
sedimentsonemayingestaswellasdecreasingtheamountofhostparticleswhichmaycarry
microorganisms,whichismostlikelythereasonwhyourmethodprovedsoeffectiveinthetest
priortothisone.

AmmoniaTest
Thistestwasconductedbyfirsttakingasampleofwaterwhichcontainedadded
ammoniaandrecordingtheamountofammoniainppm(partspermillion)originallyfound
withinthiswaterafteritwasseparatedintothreesamplesandletsetforabout5minutes.Each
samplewasrecordedseparatelyconcerningitsoriginalammoniacontentSample1:2.5ppm,
Sample2:2.5ppm,andSample3:.5ppm.Thewaterwasthenplacedthroughourfilter,which
inthiscaseconsistedofcarbonplacedovertheclothwhichwehadusedfortestingpreviouslyas
wetesteachspecificelementoutofthefinalfiltertogainresultsforspecificfunctions.The
resultsareaslistedSample1wasnow.74ppm,Sample2wasnow.5ppm,andSample3was
now.25ppm.Theseresultsprovethatourfilter,duetoitsnatureofcontainingcarbon,is
effectiveatreducingammoniacontentwithinwater.Thismayproveessentialwithinour
specificareabecauseammoniaisoftensourcedfromdecayingorganicmatterandduetothefact
thattrash,fecalmatter,andcrematedhumanremainsarefoundwithintheGangesRiver,the
reductionofammoniawithinourfiltrationsystemisanecessarycomponentconcerningthis
areasneeds.

HeavyMetalsTest
Thistestwasperformedbyusingaconductivityprobetomeasureunfilteredwater.This
measurementwasrecordedinmilligramsperliterandunfilteredwatercontained143.3
milligramsperliterofheavymetalspresentinwater.Thewaterwasthenrunthroughthefilter,
collected,andtheconductivityprobewasusedagaintomeasurethenewheavymetalcontentof
thefilteredwater.Althoughthetestspriortothisoneweretestedwithindividualelements,we
employedtheentireassemblyoffilterelementsinordertotestthisaspectoffiltrationbecause
thiselementwouldmostlikelybeaffectedbythepresenceofallelementswithinthefilter,while
thepreviouselementswouldnot.Ourresultsindicatedthatthepresenceofheavymetalsdidnot
changefromourmeasurementoftheunfilteredwater,readingonceagain143.3milligramsper
liter.Werealizethatthismeansthatourgroupcouldemploymethodswithinourfilterwhich
havecapabilitiestofilteroutheavymetals,suchaschalcogensorsand.Ouraluminumplate
withinthefiltermayhavealsoplayedapartinthisaluminumisclassifiedasaheavymetal.
However,inthiscontext,wefeelthatitpossiblymightnotaffecttheoutcomeasaluminumin
thisformiscommonlyusedforfoodandhasnowidelyaccepteddisadvantagestohealth.The
outcomesofthistestmayprovehazardouswithinthisareaduetothefactthattheGangesat
Varanasicontainheavymetalsfromfactoriesupstreamwhichworkwithchromiumandmercury.