STUDENTS’ INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME

(SIWES)

UNDERTAKEN AT:

NATIONAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL

COMPANY LIMITED (NETCO)
2, Ajose Adeogun Street, Stallion House,
Victoria Island, Lagos.

BY

UWAGBOE OGHOSA ANTHONY

(Matric No. ENG0000914)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
400 Level

BEING A TECHNICAL REPORT SUBMITTED

TO THE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF BENIN, BENIN CITY.

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING(B.ENG) IN ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING.

DECEMBER 2005.
 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that UWAGBOE OGHOSA ANTHONY, actually had his

six months industrial training with The Electrical Department of the National

Engineering and Technical Company, (NETCO) Victoria Island, Lagos.

_____________________ __________________

DATE
Institute based Supervisor

__________________________ ___________________

Dr. Frederick Edeko DATE

(Head of Dept}

ii
 DEDICATION

This report is dedicated to The Almighty God whose foremost love and

mercies has given me the opportunity to have a work experience in National

Engineering and Technical Company Limited (NETCO), Victoria - Island, Lagos.

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My special thanks goes to the Engineering Manager, Engr. Oguntala, the

Acting Lead Electrical, Engr. Timothy Akinyemi, and Agbami Project Electrical lead,

Engr. Francis Njoku who all made so much effort to see that I was given the right

exposure on Electrical facilities and applicable softwares needed as an industrial

trainee.

This work would not have been a success if not for the following people: Engr

Olugbenga Idowu, Engr. Dauda Oyewumi, Engr. Idowu Onifade, Engr. Moses Pemi,

Engr. Femi Adewale, and Engr. Marcel Enatoh, who all offered me their priceless

support and advice in every area during my industrial training.

iv
 ABS T RACT

This report is aimed at explaining key areas of my training under the Student

Industrial Work Experience Scheme undertaken at The National Engineering and

Technical Company Limited (NETCO). It gives a brief introduction about

NETCO, an indigenous design company relevant in the oil & gas industry. It also

gives a good representation of the organizational structure and the interconnectivity of

the various Engineering and Services Departments.

Effort was made to explain the role of the Electrical Engineering Department,

bearing in mind the various electrical facilities and relevant softwares. Adequate

coverage has been given to the operations and maintenance training I received, as

well as the specific type of work I was engaged in.

v
 T ABLE OF CONT E NT S

CONTENTS PAGE

Title Page.......................................................................................................................i
Certification………………………………………………………………………….. ii
Dedication....................................................................................................................iii
Acknowledgement.......................................................................................................iv
Abstract.........................................................................................................................v
Table of Contents...................................................................................................vi-vii
List of Figures............................................................................................................viii

CHAPTERS
1.0 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................1
1.1 THE SIWES...............................................................................................1
1.2 AIM……………………………………………...…………………………2

2.0 SIWES WORKPLACE (Company Profile)........................................................3

2.1 NETCO’s HISTORY.................................................................................3
2.2 NETCO’s SERVICES................................................................................4
2.3 NETCO’s ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE.......................................5
2.3.1 NETCO’s Departments..................................................................5
2.4 NETCO’s EXPERIENCE..........................................................................8

3.0 PROJECT EXECUTION IN NETCO...............................................................10

3.1 PROJECT INITIALIZATION.................................................................10
3.2 THE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT..................................................10
3.2.1 Functions of the Discipline Groups.............................................13

4.0 THE ELECTRICAL GROUP............................................................................16

4.1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................16
4.2 ROLES OF THE ELECTRICAL GROUP.............................................16
4.3 ELECTRICAL GROUP ACTIVITIES……………….............................16
4.4 ELECTRICAL GROUP DELIVERABLES………………………...16-17

vi
5.0 SKILLS & PRACTICES ACQUIRED AS AN INDUSTRIAL TRAINEE.....18

5.0.1 SKILLS ACQUIRED...........................................................................35

6.0 CONCLUSION...................................................................................................36

REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………….37

vii
 LI ST OF F I GURES AND TABL E S

FIGURE TITLE Page

Figure 1 NETCO’s Organizational Chart.......................................................7

Figure 2 Organizational Structure of the Engineering Department...............12

Figure 3 AutoCAD drawing of Single line diagram.....................................21

Figure 4 Chalmlite Lighting calculation result..............................................30

Table 1 Load list for an Offshore platform.............................................18-19

Table 2 Bus Summary..................................................................................23

Table 3 Target grid summaries...............................................................31-34

viii
ix
 CHAP T E R ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 THE SIWES
The Engineering discipline is practical in nature and mainly hinged on experience.
Hence there is great need for any student aspiring to be a professional engineer to
have some form of work experience while studying at school, in a reputable
engineering firm related to his/her course of study.

Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is in accordance with the

federal government policy of technical education to enable students to be exposed to
the working experience in industries and to enable them to be useful to their
employers practically and not theoretically alone.
The Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) gives students the
opportunity to gain some relevant experience before leaving the campus. The
experience gotten by the students during the SIWES program would enable them
quickly fit into the industry upon graduation.

I had my work experience at the National Engineering and Technical Company

Limited (NETCO), a subsidiary of NNPC, and an indigenous engineering firm. At
NETCO, I learnt the fundamentals of electrical engineering; computer aided electrical
design, AutoCAD, and other relevant softwares such as Plant design management
system (a 3D drafting software), Chalmlite (a lighting design software). My day to
day activities at NETCO were recorded in the log book.

1
1.2 AIM

The Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is aimed at giving

students the opportunity to have work experience and practically apply the theoretical
concepts learnt in the University. It is also aimed at widening the mental and creative
horizon of the students.

2
 CHAP TE R TWO

2.0 SIWES WORKPLACE (NETCO’s Profile)

Description of SIWES workplace:

NAME: NATIONAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL COMPANY

LIMITED (NETCO)

ADDRESS: Stallion House. 2, Ajose Adeogun Street, Victoria Island, Lagos.

2.1 NETCO’s HISTORY

National Engineering and Technical Company Limited (NETCO) is Nigeria’s premier
indigenous engineering company. It is a fully owned subsidiary of the Nigerian
National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), providing efficient and reliable engineering
base for the NNPC group and the entire oil and gas industry.

It was established in 1989 as a joint venture between the Nigerian National Petroleum
Corporation (NNPC), and Bechtel Incorporated of USA, a world renowned
engineering company as its technical partner.

Under the joint venture agreement, the NNPC maintained 60% shareholding while
Bechtel held 40%. Commercial business started in August 1990.

However, in December 1996, Bechtel exercised its options under the shareholder’s
agreement and formally pulled out of the Joint venture and subsequently sold its
equity share to the NNPC. NETCO thus became a fully owned subsidiary of the
NNPC from May 1, 1997.

NETCO’s motivation, drive and target are embedded in its vision and mission
statements thus:

Vision
“To be a world class Engineering Company.”

Mission
“To provide world class engineering services in the oil and gas industry.”

3
Quality Policy
“To satisfy and strive to exceed customer requirements through continuous
demonstration of quality and active participation of all employees”.

With the exit of Bechtel, potential and regular clients became sceptical with regards to
doing business with NETCO. In order to change the situation, NETCO decided to
retool, re-package and re-launch itself. To attain the retooling was a decision to
pursue and obtain the ISO 9001 Quality Certification. The re-launch took place during
the 1st Quarter of 1998 and it was very successful. Once again the clients were
confident in NETCO. Subsequently, NETCO executed many major engineering
projects amongst which were: - The Shell’s Cawthorne Channel Gas injection/supply
Project in consortium with Technip Geoproduction of France, detailed Engineering
design of the condensate stabilization unit of the NLNG Expansion Project. NETCO
which had generally been recording operational losses, started to record profits. In
May 2000, Bureau Veritas Quality International (BVQI) successfully audited and
subsequently awarded NETCO the prestigious ISO 9001 Quality Certificate. This
achievement is the first by any indigenous engineering company in Nigeria.

NETCO is managed by Nigerian engineers who have been trained locally and abroad
on live projects and in all engineering disciplines.

It is fully equipped to provide its services in all areas of the Oil & Gas industry.

2.2 NETCO’s SERVICES

NETCO’s core services include the following:
• Feasibility studies.
• Conceptual design.
• Basic and Detailed Engineering design.
• Procurement.
• Construction Supervision.
• Project Management.

• Quality assurance and quality control.

4
In order to create a conducive environment, NETCO has established one of the most
equipped engineering offices in Nigeria with the latest in Engineering Design,
Procurement, Project Management, Administrative, Finance and Accounting software
packages.

The library is up-to-date with books on Engineering, Accounting, Management, and

all other disciplines relevant to its operations. It is also equipped with Electronic
Engineering Literature, Drawings and Documentation. It has Internet connection to a
worldwide web for additional engineering information and communication.

2.3 NETCO’s ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

All of NETCO’s activities are undertaken by specific departments which can be
divided into two major categories namely:

• Services: -
This comprises of the non-technical departments.

• Operations: -
Comprises of the technical departments.

Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic representation of the organisational structure of

NETCO.

2.3.1 NETCO’s Departments

The various departments in NETCO and their functions with respect to project
execution are:
Non-Technical Departments:
• Finance and Accounts: -
Treasury management, billings, accounting and financial management.

• Administration and Personnel: -

Harnesses human and material resources and set out ways of utilizing them in
order to maximize profit. General administration and personnel management.

• Business Development: -
Sourcing for business via bids or otherwise to ensure company growth.

5
• Public Affairs: -
Projecting and sustaining a favourable image for the company.

• Quality Assurance/ Control: -

Ensures compliance with company quality standards.

• Company secretariat/Legal Services: -

Providing legal insurance and board secretarial services.

6
 MANAGING
DIRECTOR

COMPANY SECRETARY/ HEAD, QA/QC

LEGAL ADVISER

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR,

Operations. Services

Manager, Manager, Manager,

Manager, Manager, Head, Training Head, Financial Manager,
Project Admin. & Business
Engineering Projects Procurement Manager Construction Controller Public Affairs
Controls Personnel Development

FIGURE 1: NETCO’s ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

7
Technical Departments
• Engineering: -
It is the heart of NETCO. Preparation of engineering design and studies.

• Project Controls: -
Project planning and scheduling, cost estimating, cost engineering and
information technology.

• Projects: -
Co-ordinates the engineering activities being undertaken during any project
including arranging for site visits, liaison with the customers to inform them
about the progress of their projects. Management of all capital projects.

• Procurement: -
Management of procurement function for operations. Provides materials
needed by the other departments and keeps stock of what is available in the
stores at any point in time.

• Construction: -
Management of construction activities.

• Training: -
Organize/arrange staff development programs like on-the-job-training, short-
term courses and seminars, overseas rotational training etc, to ensure that
NETCO’s personnel are informed of technological advancement in the
industry. It ensures employee development.

2.4 NETCO’s EXPERIENCE

Since its inception, NETCO has executed more than 100 projects of varying
magnitude and cost implications. Among these projects are:

• Management of the Turn-around maintenance of Nigeria’s four oil refineries.

• Detailed Engineering design of the onshore gas plant of the ESCRAVOS gas
project, Phase 1 for CHEVRON.

• Conceptual design for the Cawthorne Gas injection/supply project for Shell.

• Safety upgrade and As-Built drawing for Shell’s 34 flowstations.

8
• Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) of an FPSO vessel for Ashland’s
Okwori project.

• Pipeline surveys and implementation (NNPC pipeline phase III).

• Production of As-Built drawing’s for Shell’s Bonny Export Terminal and

depots.

• Refinery Process Unit Rehabilitation and Revamping (NNPC refineries).

• Port-Harcourt Refining Company Ltd. (PHRC) Pollution Abatement and

Control.

• Detailed Engineering Design of Fractionation Unit of the NLNG Plus Project

(trains 1, 2, 3, and 5).

• Conceptual design of Chevron Nigeria Limited (CNL) water treatment plant,

• Conceptual design of Chevron Nigeria Limited (CNL) Gas Utilization Project.

• FEED for gas supply to Nigerian LNG project train 6 for Nigerian Agip Oil
Company Limited (The NAOC Project) - which I met on ground.

• Agbami Floating Production, Storage and Offloading Topsides Vessel –

which I met on ground.

9
 CHAP TE R THRE E

3.0 PROJECT EXECUTION IN NETCO

3.1 PROJECT INITIALIZATION
NETCO’s business starts in the Business Development department when it receives
invitations from prospective clients to submit competitive bids for executing projects.
Relevant departments meet to decide whether the decision is worthwhile. A project
manager is appointed to coordinate the preparation of the bid. This usually involves
most of the departments. Finally, the Business Development department submits the
proposal and follows it up.

If the bid is successful, NETCO management appoints from various departments a

Project Manager and other personnel that will form the project team.

The Project Manager maintains a harmonious relationship with the client and ensures
that his personnel have the right facilities and a conducive working environment to
execute the project.

The Finance and Accounts department prepares invoices and collects payments from
clients. This helps to maintain a positive cashflow and to ensure that funds are
available for the payment of wages and other corporate expenses.

A typical project team usually comprises mainly of personnel from the Engineering
department.

3.2 THE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

The Engineering department is the ‘engine room’ of NETCO’s operations. The
department is directly involved in the execution of jobs and on whose shoulders the
responsibility of meeting client’s specification, quality, work procedure, standards and
schedule rests.

The department is divided into discipline groups. A manager, who reports to the
Executive Director Operations, is Head of the Engineering Department. The role of
the department is fulfilled by a team of Engineers of the various discipline groups. An
Engineer who is more knowledgeable in the activities of the group leads each of the

10
discipline groups. The lead discipline Engineers report to the Engineering manager
on issues regarding project execution and coordination of the groups’ activities.

Figure 2 shows the organizational structure for the Engineering department.

11
 ENGINEERING MANAGER

SECRETARY

LEAD, LEAD, LEAD, LEAD, LEAD, LEAD,

CONTROL CIVIL/
PROCESS MECHANICAL PIPING/PIPELINE ELECRICAL SYSTEMS STRUCTURAL

PROCESS/ CONTROL CIVIL/

MECHANICAL PIPING/ PIPELINES ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS SYSTEMS STRUCTURAL
GROUP GROUP GROUP
GROUP GROUP GROUP

FIGURE 2: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT

12
On a typical project, each of the discipline groups contributes to the success of the
project by producing deliverables. Deliverables are the products of a particular group;
they are the documents required for a particular project.

3.2.1 Functions of the Discipline Groups.

 Process/ Systems Group:

This discipline is responsible for the translation from conception of a process
using the knowledge of conservation of mass and energy, separation techniques,
fluid mechanics, thermodynamics and process controls into a detailed plant design
phase. They are mainly made up of Chemical Engineers.
Deliverables (documents) produced by this group on a typical project includes:
- Process Flow Scheme/Diagram (PFS or PFD)
- Process Engineering Flow Scheme (PEFS) or P & ID.
- Process Utility Engineering Flow Scheme (PUEFS)
- Process Safeguarding Flow Scheme (PSFS)
- Equipment List
- Line Designation Table (LDT)
- Line Sizing Runs.
- Data sheets and pressure profiles are generated for pumps and control
valves, while data sheets are produced for such process equipment as storage
vessels, heat exchanger, pressure vessels, compressors, furnaces and fire heaters.
Also, the group prepares the process design philosophy for the project.

 Civil/Structural Group:
This group is charged with the responsibility of providing all civil/structural
Engineering related activities in the company. These activities include:
- structural design
- structural investigation
- geo-technical engineering
- water supply/ waste water management
- Integrity survey of existing facilities
- Construction supervision
- Project management

13
 Pipeline/Piping and Plant Layout Group:
This group is further sub-divided into four groups namely:
- Piping design group.
- Materials group.
- Stress analysis group.
- Pipeline group.
Some of the deliverables they produce on a project are:
- Piping Specification.
- Drawings, plot plans, key plans, piping general arrangement studies (GAS).
- Datasheets: pipe support datasheet and pipe material datasheet.

 Mechanical/Vessel Group:
The activities carried out by this group are:
- Selection and Specification of process equipment like: -
Pumps, turbines, fired heaters, heat exchangers, air coolers, and pressure
vessels.

- Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning System (HVAC) design.

 Electrical Group:
Activities carried out by this group include:
- Develop Design Criteria.
- Formulate Power Generation and Distribution Philosophy.
- Carry out load shedding/sharing studies.
- Transient and earth fault condition analysis.
- Electrical Equipment sizing specification and selection.
- Lighting design.
- Hazardous Area classification.
- Single line drawing.
- Electrical layout drawing.

 Control Systems/ Instrumentation Group:

Instruments are used in process plants.

14
 Some of the deliverables produced by this group are:
- Instrument Index.
- Instrument installation schedule.
- Instrument Data sheets.
- Instrument Installation details.
- Instrument location diagrams.
- Loop and Logic diagrams.
- Interconnection diagram.
- Alarm and shut-down matrix.
- Material requisition.
- Cable schedule.
They also update the Process Engineering flow scheme (PEFS).

During any particular project, the Document Control Centre (DCC) works with the
Engineering discipline groups to control receipt and despatch of project documents.
Through the DCC, project documents are accurately tracked.

All the discipline groups produce their deliverables with the aid of computer
applications and softwares. Some of the applications are: -

• AutoCAD, AutoPLANT.
• MicroStation.
• PDMS.
• ISOGEN.
• HYSYS, HYSIM.
• FLARENET.
• FOUNDS, FASTRUDL, STRUCAD, STAAD PRO,
• INTOOLS.
• PRIMAVERA P3.
• MS OFFICE PROFESSIONAL.
• PRO/II

During the training, I was attached to the Electrical discipline group which is under
the Engineering department.

15
 CHAP T E R F OUR

4.0 THE ELECTRICAL GROUP

4.1 INTRODUCTION
Usually, a typical project begins in the process group with the conceptual or basic design. The
process group develops the initial block diagrams, evaluates all the options, and proposes the
best alternative for the project. Other disciplines (Electrical group inclusive) will then work
on what the process group has put down.

4.2 ROLES OF THE ELECTRICAL GROUP

On any project, the Electrical group is concerned with the following:

 To design a system that delivers energy or electricity to utilization points.

 To design a system that is reliable, economical and operationally flexible.
 To ensure that the system designed is safe for both personnel and equipment.

4.3 ELECTRICAL GROUP ACTIVITIES

To achieve the above objectives, the following activities are usually carried out by the
electrical group:
• Develop design criteria.
• Formulate power generation/distribution philosophy.
• Carry out load shedding and/or sharing duties.
• Carry out transient and earth fault condition analysis.
• Develop electrical equipment specifications.
• Carry out electrical equipment sizing and selection.
• Prepare material requisition(MR) and Bill of Quantities(BOQ) for electrical
equipment.
• Technical bid analysis.
• Produce electrical deliverables.

4.4 ELECTRICAL GROUP DELIVERABLES

Deliverables are documents produced by a group with respect to the scope of the project. The
deliverables produced by the electrical group are: -

16
 • One line diagrams
• Electrical layout drawings
- Earthing
- Cable
- Lighting
• Hazardous area classification
• Material Requisition (MR)
• Supplementary Drawing
- Data sheets
- Cable schedules
- Schematic and interconnection drawings
- Installation details
- Specifications

COMPUTER SOFTWARES used by the Electrical group are: -

• AutoCAD
• Plant Design Management System (PDMS)
• Microsoft Excel
• Microsoft Word
• Chalmlite

17
 CHAP TE R FI VE

5.0 SKILLS AND PRACTICES ACQUIRED AS AN INDUSTRIAL TRAINEE

As a student under the SIWES at NETCO, I was exposed to standard Engineering

design practices. The projects executed at NETCO ensured that Engineers worked
in teams, hence, I was taught to be a team player, and a good one at that.

I received training in the following areas of electrical engineering practice:

1. Computation of Load list:

This is one of the starting point for the electrical group activities. For any given
project, it is important to know the specific number of electrical loads on site. This
is to ensure adequate sizing of power sources, cables, distribution boards etc. I
learnt how to compute a load list, which is usually a Microsoft Excel document
showing all intended loads, their tag numbers, current, voltage and power ratings,
efficiencies, power factors, and service duty.
Table 1 below shows a sample load list which I developed for a given offshore
platform.

ELECTRICAL LOAD SUMMARY FOR THE FOR THE OFFSHORE PLATFORM

CONSUMED
LOADS
EQUIPMEN DUT E
T SERVICE DESCRIPTION Y FF PF KW KVA REMARK
TAG NOS.
AREA 1
BANK 1: 6.6KV
WATER INJECTION PUMP C 0.92 0.85 300 383.63
WATER INJECTION PUMP S 0.92 0.85 300 383.63
AIR COMPRESSOR I 0.92 0.85 500 639.39
AIR COMPRESSOR C 0.92 0.85 500 639.39
DEMULSIFIER PUMP I 0.92 0.85 200 255.75
DEMULSIFIER PUMP S 0.92 0.85 200 255.75

BANK 2: 415V
LIGHTING D.B C 0.98 1.00 1.50 1.53
CHEMICAL INJECTION SKID PUMP C 0.92 0.85 1.00 1.28
CHEMICAL INJECTION SKID PUMP S 0.92 0.85 1.00 1.28
CHEMICAL INJECTION SKID PUMP C 0.92 0.85 2.00 2.56
CHEMICAL INJECTION SKID PUMP S 0.92 0.85 2.00 2.56
CONDENSATE HEATER C 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.02
CONDENSATE HEATER S 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.02

18
 CONDENSATE HEATER I 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.02
CONDENSATE HEATER C 0.98 1.00 0.50 0.51
CONDENSATE HEATER I 0.98 1.00 0.50 0.51
CONDENSATE HEATER S 0.98 1.00 0.50 0.51
HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
PANEL C 0.92 0.85 1.50 1.92
HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
PANEL C 0.92 0.85 1.50 1.92

AREA 2
BANK 1: 6.6KV
BOIL-OFF GAS COMPRESSORS C 0.92 0.85 2500 3196.93
BOIL-OFF GAS COMPRESSORS C 0.92 0.85 2500 3196.93

BANK 2: 415V
LIGHTING D.B C 0.98 1.00 1.50 1.53
FIRE WATER PUMP S 0.92 0.85 30 38.36
JOCKEY PUMP I 0.92 0.85 30 38.36
CONDENSATE HEATER C 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.02
CONDENSATE HEATER C 0.98 1.00 0.50 0.51
HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
PANEL C 0.92 0.85 1.00 1.28
HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
PANEL C 0.92 0.85 1.00 1.28

AREA 3
EMERGENCY PANEL (DUAL SUPPLY) 6.6KV
START-UP MOTOR I 0.92 0.85 300 383.63
START-UP MOTOR I 0.92 0.85 300 383.63
FIRE WATER PUMP S 0.92 0.85 200 255.75
FIRE WATER PUMP S 0.92 0.85 200 255.75
GENERATOR COOLING WATER PUMP I 0.92 0.85 200 255.75
GENERATOR COOLING WATER PUMP S 0.92 0.85 200 255.75
GENERATOR COOLING WATER PUMP S 0.92 0.85 200 255.75

EMERGENCY PANEL(DUAL SUPPLY) 415V

UNINTERUPTED POWER SUPPLY C 0.98 1.00 29.40 30
LIGHTING DB C 0.98 1.00 1.50 1.53
LIGHTING DB C 0.98 1.00 1.50 1.53
INSTRUMENT DB I 0.98 1.00 9.80 10
INSTRUMENT DB I 0.98 1.00 9.80 10
CONTROL ROOM DB C 0.98 1.00 4.90 5

Table 1: Load List for an Offshore Platform.

2. Generation of single line diagrams:

There were many instances where I was required to develop one or single line
diagrams. The electrical load list came in very handy in such instances. A single
line diagram is a schematic drawing that uses graphical symbols and standard
nomenclature to illustrate the overall configuration of an electrical system. The
single line diagram shows diagrammatically the conceptual/detailed design for
power generation and distribution on a site, interconnections between various

19
loads, Generation philosophies, load layouts, busbars and their respective voltage
levels, system protection devices, amongst others. These are well shown on single
line diagrams with standard electrical symbols. I received extensive training on
the use of autoCAD, which is the software used by the electrical group to draw
one line diagrams. Figure 3 below shows the single line diagram which I drew
with the aid of autoCAD for the offshore platform whose load summary is shown
in Table 1.

20
Fig.3 – Single line digram for the Offshore Platform.

21
 3. Equipment sizing and Cable sizing:
Areas covered here includes Generator sizing, Transformer sizing, circuit breaker
sizing, and cable sizing calculations. I also learnt about the relevant standards and
codes as regards equipment sizing and cable selection, such as the National
Electric Code (NEC), and the National Electric Manucfacturers
Association(NEMA) codes.
As part of my training, I was given an assignment on equipment and cable sizing
in the Bechtel project. The calculations I carried out are shown below:

CALCULATIONS
SIZING OF EQUIPMENT IN THE BECHTEL PROJECT.

SIZING OF TRANSFORMERS AND GENERATORS.

FORMULA USED:
GEN. SIZING:
RUNNING LOAD (RL) = TOTAL CONTINUOS LOAD +30% INTERMITTENT LOAD.
PEAK LOAD (PL) = RUNNING LOAD +20% STANDBY LOAD.
TRANSFORMER SIZE ≥ I.25 *PEAK LOAD.
ASSUMPTION: USING N+1 PHILOSOPHY.

TRANSFORMER SIZING ≅ GENERATOR SIZING.

22
 BUS SUMMARY

CONTINUOUS INTERMITTENT STANDBY LOADS –

LOADS -C LOADS –I S
BUS IDENTITY (KVA) (KVA) (KVA)

BUS A, 33KV 30,0000 ---- -----

BUS B, 6.6KV ---- 1380 ----

BUS C ,400V 217.5 55 ----

BUS D ,400V 118.75 ---- -----

BUS E,4OOV 60 22.5 -----

BUS F,400V 295.4 66.68 352.98

TOTAL 30691.65 1524.18 352.98

Table 2: Bus Summary.

GENERATOR SIZING (USING N+1 PHILOSOPHY)

RL = 30691.65 + (0.3*1524.18) = 31148.90 KVA
PL = 31148.90 +70.60 = 31219.56 KVA
FUTURE EXPANSION = 25%
PL = 1.25*31219.56 = 39024.45 KVA
FOR N + 1 GEN.; WHERE N = 2
PL/2 = 19512.25 KVA

23
GENERATOR SIZE = 3 Nos. 20 MVA GENERATOR.

TRANSFORMER SIZING:
T1 (11\ 33 KV)
RL = 30,000 KVA
PL =30,000 KVA*1.25 =37,500 KVA
T1 SIZE = 37.5 MVA.

T2 (11\6.6 KV)
RL = 414 KVA
PL = 414*1.25 = 517.5 KVA
T2 SIZE = 750 KVA.

T3 SIZE (11\0.4 KV)

RL =336.25 + 16.5 =352.75 KVA
PL = 352.75* 1.25 = 440.94 KVA
T3 SIZE = 500KVA

T4 SIZE (11\0.4 KV)

RL =336.25 + 16.5 =352.75 KVA
PL = 352.75* 1.25 = 440.94 KVA
T4 SIZE = 500KVA

T5 SIZE (11\0.4 KV)

RL = 355.4 + 26.75 = 282.15 KVA
PL = 382.15 + 70.60 = 452.75 KVA
452.75*1.25 = 565.94 KVA
T5 SIZE = 750 KVA

T6 SIZE (11\0.4 KV)

RL = 355.4 + 26.75 = 282.15 KVA
PL = 382.15 + 70.60 = 452.75 KVA
452.75*1.25 = 565.94 KVA
T6 SIZE = 750 KVA

CABLE SIZING:
FORMULA USED:
I = P / (√3*V) AMP + 25% I (future expansion)

GENERATOR CABLE SIZING:

I = 20MVA / (√3*11KV) = 1049.73 * 1.25 = 1312.15A
CB SIZE: 1200A
CABLE SIZE:
TRANSFORMER CABLE SIZING:
T1:
PRIM: I = 37.5MVA / (√3*11KV) = 1968.24A * 1.25 = 2450.3A
CB SIZE: 2000A
CABLE SIZE:

SEC: I = 37.5MVA / (√3*33KV) = 656.08A * 1.25 = 820.10A

CB SIZE: 700A
CABLE SIZE:

24
T2:
PRIM: I = 750KVA / (√3*11KV) = 39.36A * 1.25 = 49.20A
CB SIZE: 40A
CABLE SIZE:
SEC: I = 750KVA / (√3*6.6KV) = 65.61A * 1.25 = 82.01A
CB SIZE: 70A
CABLE SIZE:

T3:
PRIM: I = 500KVA / (√3*11KV) = 26.24A * 1.25 = 32.80A
CB SIZE: 30A
CABLE SIZE:
SEC: I = 500KVA / (√3*0.4KV) = 721.69A * 1.25 = 902.11A
CB SIZE: 800A
CABLE SIZE:

T4
PRIM: I = 500KVA / (√3*11KV) = 26.24A * 1.25 = 32.8A
CB SIZE: 30A
CABLE SIZE:
SEC: I = 500KVA / (√3*0.4KV) = 721.69A * 1.25 = 902.11A
CB SIZE: 800A
CABLE SIZE:

T5 = T6
PRIM: I = 750KVA/ (√3*11KV) = 39.37 * 1.25 = 49.21A
CB SIZE: 40A
CABLE SIZE:

SEC: I = 750KVA/ (√3*0.4KV) = 1366.63 * 1.25 = 1708.27A

CB SIZE: 1600A
CABLE SIZE:

These current values are also used for sizing the transformer and generator CBs.

CABLE AND CIRCUIT BREAKER SIZING FOR LOADS

FORMULA USED:
I = P/ ((√3*V)
Type of cable: PVC insulated, armoured, installed in air.
BUS A:
Four starter motors
I = 7500KVA/ ((√3*33KV) = 131.2A * 1.25 = 164A
CB = 150A
Cable size = 70mm2 PVC, ARMOURED

BUS B:
Generator starter motor
I = 690KVA/(√3*6.6KV) = 60.4A *1.25 = 75.5A

CB= 70A
CABLE SIZE = 35mm2

25
 BUS C:
Wharf burner fuel 1 & 2 Bunker fuel heating load
I = 55KVA/(√3*0.4KV) = 79.39A*1.25 = 99.2A I = 162.5KVA/(√3*0.4KV) = 234.6A *1.25
CB: 80A = 293.2A
Cable size: 35mm2
CB: 250A
Cable size: 185mm2

BUS D:
Causeway lighting Office and Amenities
I = 18.4 * 1.25 = 22.55A I = 126.30A * 1.25 = 157.88A
CB: 20A CB: 150A
cable size: 2.5 mm2 Cable size: 70 mm2

HVAC supply
I = 27.06 * 1.25 = 33.83A
CB: 30A
Cable size: 6 mm2

BUS E:
UPS Warehouse supply 1/ Wkshop supply
I = 7.22A *1.25 = 9.03A I = 32.46A * 1.25 = 40.6A
CB: 15A CB: 35A; cable size: 6 mm2
Cable size: 1.5 mm2

Warehouse supply 2 Gate house supply

I = 10.83A * 1.25 = 13.5A I = 18.04A *1.25 = 22.6A
CB: 15A CB: 25A
Cable size: 1.5 mm2 cable size: 2.5 mm2

Obstruction lighting
I = 1.80A * 1.25 = 2.25A
Cable size: 1.5 mm2
CB: 15A

BUS F
P1 = P2 P9:
CB: 125A CB: 15A
CABLE SIZE: 35 mm2 CABLE SIZE: 1.5 mm2

P3 = P4 P10, P11, P12:

CB: 50A CB: 15A
CABLE SIZE: 10 mm2 CABLE SIZE: 1.5 mm2

P5 = P6
CB: 125A
CABLE SIZE: 70 mm2

P7 = P8
CB: 300A
CABLE SIZE: 185 mm2

26
4. Electrical Layout drawings (Earthing, Cable, and Lighting layout):
An electrical layout drawing gives a plan view of an area (e.g a flowstation), and
shows by means of appropriate sign conventions, such features as the earthing
grid(earthing layout), electrical cable route(cable routing layout), location of
lighting towers/fixtures(lighting layout) etc. I was trained on how to draw layout
drawings using autoCAD. I learnt about the various factors to be considered
before layout drawings/designs are produced.

5. Hazardous Area classification/drawings:

I was also trained on how to produce hazardous area drawings using autoCAD. A
hazardous area is a three-dimensional space in which a flammable atmosphere
may be expected to be present at such frequencies as requires special precautions
for the construction and use of all electrical apparatus.
The purpose of these drawings is to provide assistance in selecting the correct
certified equipment for hazardous zones (as will be clearly noted on the drawing)
such as petrochemical plants, refineries, gas plants, oil terminals, etc.

6. Supplementary drawings (Cable schedules, Distribution board schedules,

Schematics and Interconnection drawings, Installation details,
Specifications):
These drawings are also produced at later electrical design stages for a project. I
was also opportuned to see how these drawings were produced and their relevance
to the project.

The training I received involved the use of the following computer aided
design/application softwares:
• AutoCAD

• Chalmlite ( a software for lighting design and calculations).

• Plant design Management system (PDMS).

27
AutoCAD
It is a computer aided drawing software. It is used by the electrical group to draw
single line diagrams, electrical layout drawings, hazardous area drawings, distribution
board schedules, schematics and interconnection diagrams, power layouts etc.

The AutoCAD design package is a general purpose software. It is an extremely

powerful tool. The speed and ease at which a drawing can be prepared and modified
using a computer offers a phenomenal advantage over hand preparation. There is
virtually no limit to the kind of drawings that can be prepared using the software.

AutoCAD provides a set of entities for use in constructing a drawing. An entity is a

drawing element such as a line, circle, or text string annotations. The effect of every
change appears immediately, thus enabling the designer to take immediate decisions
concerning size, aesthetics and taste of the designer.

Other AutoCAD functions allow modifications of the drawing in a variety of ways

e.g. erasing or moving entities or copying them from repeated patterns. The view of
the drawing displayed on the screen can be changed, or information about the drawing
can be displayed. The use of layers and assigning colours to the different layers
enhances the appearance of the end product and aids in detecting errors in the drawing
that would otherwise have gone undetected. The final drawing can then be plotted
with a pen plotter or printer plotter.

The importance of this software can be more appreciated in that is saves time and cost
in the production of drawings, by providing the engineer with a mature tool to work,
thus, ensuring a more professional and accurate output.

The activities of the electrical group to which to which I was attached, involved the
extensive use of autoCAD.

28
Chalmlite:
It is a computer aided lighting design software. It is used by the electrical group to
carry out lighting design/calculations (general lighting, fence lighting, interior lighting
etc). With the aid of this software, an area could be lit to any required illumination
level, with appropriate fixtures/lighting towers positioned at appropriate locations.
Illumination levels at various locations are automatically calculated and displayed.
Design specifications such as maintenance factor, mounting height, aiming point, type
of fixtures, etc are usually supplied by the client. Design is thus based on client
specifications, with allowance made for suggestions to the client from the electrical
group.
The activities of the electrical group to which to which I was attached, also involved
the extensive use of chalmlite.
The lighting calculation results as computed by the Chalmlite Lighting Design
Program indicating the illumination level at different points in the defined
area(Tuomo flowstation) and target grid summaries are as shown below as Fig 4 and
Table 3 respectively. The lighting towers are shown on the figure as FT-1 to FT-17
respectively. This design is for general lighting of the area under consideration.

29
Fig.4: Lighting calculation result showing illumination levels.

30
 TARGET GRID SUMMARIES
Grid is x-y plane at z= 0.0
-330.0, from y =201 to y= 621
Average = 27.4 lux
Maximum = 171.0 lux
Minimum = 0.0
Horizontal Lux Limits: from x = -690.0 to x=
Minimum / Average = 0.0
Minimum / Maximum=0.0
Number Points = 418

FLOODLIGHT / LUMINAIRE SUMMARY

EVOLUTION 400W SON-T MEDIUM BEAM Ex DE ATEX
Cat.Ref. EVOD / 400 / MS / M Lumens per Lamp = 55000.0 MF= 0.80
Beam is not Rotated
Number Luminaires = 170
Total Number Luminaires = 170
LUMINAIRE LOCATIONS AND ORIENTATION ANGLES

LIGHTING AIMING
TOWER CAT.REF SEQUENCE LOCATION AIMING POINT ANGLES
NO. NO.
X Y Z X Y Z HORIZ. VERT.
EVOD/400/MS/M 1 -598 231 25 -586 240 0 54 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 2 -598 231 25 -583 231 0 90 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 3 -598 231 25 -586 222 0 126 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 4 -598 231 25 -594 217 0 162 30
FT-01 EVOD/400/MS/M 5 -598 231 25 -603 217 0 198 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 6 -598 231 25 -610 222 0 233 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 7 -598 231 25 -613 231 0 270 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 8 -598 231 25 -610 240 0 306 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 9 -598 231 25 -603 245 0 342 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 10 -598 231 25 -593 245 0 18 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 11 -519 219 25 -507 228 0 55 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 12 -519 219 25 -504 219 0 90 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 13 -519 219 25 -507 210 0 126 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 14 -519 219 25 -514 205 0 162 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 15 -519 219 25 -524 205 0 198 30
FT-02 EVOD/400/MS/M 16 -519 219 25 -531 210 0 234 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 17 -519 219 25 -534 219 0 269 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 18 -519 219 25 -531 228 0 306 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 19 -519 219 25 -524 233 0 342 30
30
EVOD/400/MS/M 20 -519 219 25 -514 233 0 18
FT-03 EVOD/400/MS/M 21 -455 235 25 -443 243 0 54 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 22 -455 235 25 -440 235 0 90 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 23 -455 235 25 -443 226 0 126 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 24 -455 235 25 -450 220 0 161 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 25 -455 235 25 -460 220 0 198 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 26 -455 235 25 -467 226 0 234 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 27 -455 235 25 -470 235 0 270 30

31
 EVOD/400/MS/M 28 -455 235 25 -467 244 0 306 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 29 -455 235 25 -460 249 0 342 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 30 -455 235 25 -450 249 0 19 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 31 -539 271 25 -526 280 0 54 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 32 -539 271 25 -524 271 0 90 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 33 -539 271 25 -526 262 0 126 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 34 -539 271 25 -534 257 0 162 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 35 -539 271 25 -543 257 0 198 30
FT-04
EVOD/400/MS/M 36 -539 271 25 -551 262 0 234 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 37 -539 271 25 -554 271 0 270 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 38 -539 271 25 -551 280 0 306 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 39 -539 271 25 -543 285 0 342 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 40 -539 271 25 -534 285 0 18 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 41 -595 310 25 -582 319 0 54 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 42 -595 310 25 -580 310 0 90 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 43 -595 310 25 -582 301 0 125 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 44 -595 310 25 -590 296 0 161 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 45 -595 310 25 -599 296 0 198 30
FT-05
EVOD/400/MS/M 46 -595 310 25 -607 301 0 234 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 47 -595 310 25 -610 310 0 270 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 48 -595 310 25 -607 319 0 306 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 49 -595 310 25 -599 324 0 342 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 50 -595 310 25 -590 324 0 19 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 51 -420 310 25 -408 318 0 55 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 52 -420 310 25 -405 310 0 90 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 53 -420 310 25 -408 301 0 126 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 54 -420 310 25 -415 296 0 161 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 55 -420 310 25 -425 296 0 198 30
FT-06
EVOD/400/MS/M 56 -420 310 25 -432 301 0 234 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 57 -420 310 25 -435 310 0 270 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 58 -420 310 25 -432 319 0 306 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 59 -420 310 25 -425 324 0 342 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 60 -420 310 25 -415 324 0 19 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 61 -517 338 25 -505 347 0 55 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 62 -517 338 25 -502 338 0 91 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 63 -517 338 25 -505 330 0 126 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 64 -517 338 25 -513 324 0 162 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 65 -517 338 25 -522 324 0 198 30
FT-07
EVOD/400/MS/M 66 -517 338 25 -529 330 0 234 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 67 -517 338 25 -532 338 0 270 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 68 -517 338 25 -529 347 0 306 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 69 -517 338 25 -522 353 0 342 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 70 -517 338 25 -513 353 0 18 30
FT-08 EVOD/400/MS/M 71 -592 356 25 -580 365 0 54 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 72 -592 356 25 -577 356 0 90 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 73 -592 356 25 -580 348 0 126 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 74 -592 356 25 -587 342 0 162 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 75 -592 356 25 -597 342 0 198 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 76 -592 356 25 -604 348 0 234 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 77 -592 356 25 -607 356 0 270 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 78 -592 356 25 -604 365 0 306 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 79 -592 356 25 -597 371 0 342 30

32
 EVOD/400/MS/M 80 -592 356 25 -587 371 0 18 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 81 -461 368 25 -449 377 0 54 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 82 -461 368 25 -446 368 0 90 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 83 -461 368 25 -449 360 0 126 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 84 -461 368 25 -457 354 0 162 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 85 -461 368 25 -466 354 0 198 30
FT-09
EVOD/400/MS/M 86 -461 368 25 -473 360 0 234 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 87 -461 368 25 -476 368 0 270 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 88 -461 368 25 -474 377 0 306 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 89 -461 368 25 -466 383 0 342 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 90 -461 368 25 -457 383 0 18 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 91 -538 406 25 -526 414 0 55 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 92 -538 406 25 -523 406 0 90 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 93 -538 406 25 -526 397 0 126 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 94 -538 406 25 -533 392 0 162 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 95 -538 406 25 -542 392 0 198 30
FT-10
EVOD/400/MS/M 96 -538 406 25 -550 397 0 233 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 97 -538 406 25 -553 406 0 270 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 98 -538 406 25 -550 415 0 305 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 99 -538 406 25 -542 420 0 342 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 100 -538 406 25 -533 420 0 18 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 101 -604 414 25 -592 423 0 54 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 102 -604 414 25 -589 414 0 90 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 103 -604 414 25 -592 405 0 126 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 104 -604 414 25 -599 400 0 162 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 105 -604 414 25 -609 400 0 198 30
FT-11
EVOD/400/MS/M 106 -604 414 25 -616 405 0 234 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 107 -604 414 25 -619 414 0 270 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 108 -604 414 25 -616 423 0 306 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 109 -604 414 25 -609 428 0 342 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 110 -604 414 25 -599 428 0 18 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 111 -474 446 25 -462 454 0 54 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 112 -474 446 25 -459 446 0 90 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 113 -474 446 25 -462 437 0 126 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 114 -474 446 25 -469 431 0 162 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 115 -474 446 25 -478 431 0 198 30
FT-12
EVOD/400/MS/M 116 -474 446 25 -486 437 0 234 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 117 -474 446 25 -489 446 0 270 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 118 -474 446 25 -486 454 0 306 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 119 -474 446 25 -479 460 0 342 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 120 -474 446 25 -469 460 0 18 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 121 -535 470 25 -523 479 0 55 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 122 -535 470 25 -520 470 0 90 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 123 -535 470 25 -523 461 0 126 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 124 -535 470 25 -530 456 0 162 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 125 -535 470 25 -540 456 0 198 30
FT-13
EVOD/400/MS/M 126 -535 470 25 -547 461 0 234 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 127 -535 470 25 -550 470 0 270 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 128 -535 470 25 -547 479 0 306 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 129 -535 470 25 -540 484 0 342 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 130 -535 470 25 -530 485 0 18 30
FT-14 EVOD/400/MS/M 131 -595 487 25 -583 496 0 54 30

33
 EVOD/400/MS/M 132 -595 487 25 -580 487 0 90 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 133 -595 487 25 -583 478 0 126 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 134 -595 487 25 590 473 0 162 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 135 -595 487 25 -599 473 0 198 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 136 -595 487 25 -607 478 0 234 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 137 -595 487 25 -610 487 0 270 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 138 -595 487 25 -607 496 0 306 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 139 -595 487 25 -600 501 0 342 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 140 -595 487 25 -590 501 0 19 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 141 -592 540 25 -580 548 0 55 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 142 -592 540 25 -577 540 0 90 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 143 -592 540 25 -580 531 0 126 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 144 -592 540 25 -587 525 0 162 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 145 -592 540 25 -596 525 0 198 30
FT-15
EVOD/400/MS/M 146 -592 540 25 -604 531 0 234 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 147 -592 540 25 -607 539 0 270 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 148 -592 540 25 -604 548 0 305 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 149 -592 540 25 -597 554 0 342 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 150 -592 540 25 -587 554 0 18 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 151 -467 538 25 -455 547 0 54 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 152 -467 538 25 -452 538 0 90 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 153 -467 538 25 -455 530 0 126 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 154 -467 538 25 -462 524 0 162 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 155 -467 538 25 -472 524 0 198 30
FT-16
EVOD/400/MS/M 156 -467 538 25 -479 530 0 234 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 157 -467 538 25 -482 538 0 269 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 158 -467 538 25 -479 547 0 306 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 159 -467 538 25 -472 553 0 342 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 160 -467 538 25 -462 553 0 19 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 161 -531 546 25 -519 555 0 54 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 162 -531 546 25 -516 546 0 90 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 163 -531 546 25 -519 537 0 126 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 164 -531 546 25 -527 532 0 162 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 165 -531 546 25 -536 532 0 198 30
FT-17
EVOD/400/MS/M 166 -531 546 25 -543 537 0 234 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 167 -531 546 25 -546 546 0 270 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 168 -531 546 25 -543 555 0 305 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 169 -531 546 25 -536 560 0 342 30
EVOD/400/MS/M 170 -531 546 25 -527 560 0 18 30

Table 3: Target grid summaries.

Plant Design Management System (PDMS)

This is an advanced drafting software. Three dimensional models can be made with
the aid of this software. This software is more versatile than autoCAD as far a 3-D
work is concerned. Some of the applications of PDMS are routing a sequence of cable

34
trays and piping components, structural designs, HVAC design, and lighting design. I
received basic training in the use of PDMS.

5.0.1 SKILLS ACQUIRED

By virtue of the training I received and exposure, I have acquired the following skills
from the SIWES workplace (i.e. NETCO):
• Proficiency in the use of AutoCAD.
• Proficiency in the use of Microsoft EXCEL for the development of spreadsheets.
• Ability to use chalmlite to carry out lighting design and calculations.
• Ability to use Plant design Management System (PDMS) – a 3D drafting
software.
• Ability to work effectively in a team, and to communicate effectively with others.

CHAP T E R S I X

6.0 CONCLUSION

35
The SIWES has positively contributed to my training as a future Electrical/Electronics
Engineer. At the SIWES workplace (i.e. NETCO), I was able to reconcile theoretical
principles learnt in school with real Electrical/Electronics engineering design practice.
I also learnt various software applications relating to my discipline such as AutoCAD,
Plant Design Management System(PDMS), Chalmlite, Microsoft EXCEL, Microsoft
Word, etc. Furthermore, I received extensive training on electrical design
fundamentals which included the following: Development of load and single line
diagrams, Design of electrical layout drawings(cable, earthing and lighting layout
drawings), Hazardous area classification drawings, Equipment sizing, cable and
circuit breaker sizing, preparation of material take-off and bill of quantities, lighting
design/calculations, and schematic/interconnection drawings.

SIWES gave me the opportunity to learn about good work ethics, good interpersonal
and communication skills.

36
 REFERENCES

1. National Engineering and Technical Company(NETCO) Electrical Training

Manual, Vol.1 & 2, (1998).
2. Chevron Corporation Training Manual (1996), Vol 1 & 2.
3. Robert, M.T (1989) AutoCAD Desktop Companion, Sybex/Tech Asian
Editions, Singapore, Tech Publication, Pp 5-7.

37
38