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Week 9
Institute of Economic Studies
Faculty of Social Sciences
Charles University in Prague
Fall 2012
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Recommended Reading
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Todays Talk
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Example of Simultaneity
The most important is to remember that each equation in
the system should have its own casual interpretation.
Supply Equation
Consider labor supply function:
hs = a1 w + b1 z1 + u1 ,
where hs is (annual) labor hours supplied by workers, w average
hourly wage, z1 some observed variable affecting supply (i.e.
average manufacturing wage in country)
We call supply equation a structural equation as it
comes from the economic theory and has casual
interpretation
1 measures how labor supply changes with change of wage
When hs and w are in logarithms, 1 is labor supply
elasticity.
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Note
Thus we can see that estimating structural equation in a
simultaneous equations system by OLS results in biased and
inconsistent estimator.
We can solve this problem by using two-stage least
square estimator (2SLS)
As we specify the structural equation for each endogenous
variable, we can immediately see if sufficient instrumental
variables are in the equation.
We call this identification problem.
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Thank you
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