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March07,2015
Unit3
Maintaining Dynamic Equilibrium
Review
Digestivesystem
Challenge
Conclusions
Oct113:27PM
DigestiveSystem
Ourclumpsoffoodmustbebrokendown
andmovedtoallpartsofthebody.
Thedigestivesystemisresponsibleforthe
breakingdownandthecirculatorysystemforthe
movement.
Apr184:24PM
82201Digestion.notebook
March07,2015
DigestiveSystem
Breakingdownlargeplantandanimalpartshappensin
twostages:
1.Mechanicaldigestion
Animalsandplantsarephysicallybrokenintosmaller
piecesbytools,ourhandsandteeth.
2.Chemicaldigestion
Specialchemicals,includingproteinscalled
enzymes,breakapartchemicalbondstoproduce
verysmallpieces.
Thesepiecescanthenbetakenintothecells
anduseddirectlyorbrokendownfurther.
Apr225:19PM
Assignment
PartA
Listthelocationandfunctionsofthefollowing
partsofthedigestivesystem:
1.Salivaryglands
2.Stomach
3.Liver
4.Pancreas
5.Gallbladder
6.Largeintestine
7.Smallintestine
PartB
Trace/explainthemovementofamealfroma
platetothebloodstream.
Apr225:23PM
82201Digestion.notebook
March07,2015
Apr225:23PM
Nutrientsp.354358
Nutrientsarecompoundsneededbythebody
forsurvival.
Somenutrientscanbemadebyourcells.
Essentialnutrients:nutrientsthatMUSTbe
ingested.(cannotbemade)
Essentialnutrientsarenotmoreimportantthan
othernutrients,butitisessentialthatourdiet
containthem.
Apr225:24PM
82201Digestion.notebook
March07,2015
Nutrients
Nutrientscanbegroupedinto6majorcategories:
1.Carbohydrates
Thesearelongchainsofsugarandareusedas
sourcesofenergy.
2.Fats(Lipids)
Thesecanbeusedassourcesofenergy,butsome
areimportantbuildingblocksofcells(i.e.membrane).
3.Protein
Thesearechainsofsmallermoleculescalled
aminoacids.
Theaminoacidscanbeusedtoformdifferent
proteinsneededbythebody(i.e.enzymes).
4.Minerals
Thesearemetalsneededbythebodyfor
enzymesandbone(i.e.calcium).
5.Vitamins
Thesearefatlikeorganiccompoundsthat
areneededforcertainmetabolicreactions.
6.Water
Itisthebaseofbodilyfluids(suchasblood
plasma).
Waterisimportantinbreakingdownandthe
creationofothermolecules
a)Hydrolysisreaction:Waterisusedtobreak
apartlargemolecules
b)Dehydrationsynthesis:Removingwaterin
ordertocombinetwomolecules
Apr225:24PM
Review
Apr225:23PM
82201Digestion.notebook
March07,2015
Nutrients
Nutrientscanbegroupedinto6majorcategories:
1.Carbohydrates
Thesearelongchainsofsugarandareusedas
sourcesofenergy.
2.Fats(Lipids)
Thesecanbeusedassourcesofenergy,butsome
areimportantbuildingblocksofcells(i.e.membrane).
3.Protein
Thesearechainsofsmallermoleculescalled
aminoacids.
Theaminoacidscanbeusedtoformdifferent
proteinsneededbythebody(i.e.enzymes).
4.Minerals
Thesearemetalsneededbythebodyfor
enzymesandbone(i.e.calcium).
5.Vitamins
Thesearefatlikeorganiccompoundsthat
areneededforcertainmetabolicreactions.
Apr225:24PM
DisordersoftheDigestiveSystemp.368370
Therearemanydiseasesanddisordersofthe
digestivesystem.Wewillfocuson3:
1.Ulcers
Hydrochloricacidispresentinthestomach.
Usuallythestomachwallisprotectedfromthisby
alayerofmucus.
Sometimesthewallofthestomachisdamagedby
theacid.
Thisresultsinanulcer.
Theformationofulcershasbeenlinkedtoa
typeofbacteria,dietandstress.
Treatmentofulcersincludesantibiotics,drugsto
reducetheamountofstomachacid,andremovalof
partofthestomach.
Apr2410:23AM
82201Digestion.notebook
March07,2015
DisordersoftheDigestiveSystem
2.Gallstones
Sometimescholesterolinbileforms
crystals.
Thesecangrowinsizeandformgallstones.
Formationofgallstonesislinkedtodietand
heredity.
Treatmentincludesmedicationtolower
cholesterol,changingdiet,andultrasonic
shockwaveswhichbreakupthecrystals.
Apr2411:52AM
DisordersoftheDigestiveSystem
3.Ileitis/colitis
Bothoftheseconditionsareinflammationofthe
digestivetract.
Ileitis(cronh'sdisease)isinflammationofthe
smallintestineandcolitisofthelargeintestine.
Theconditionshavebeenlinkedtoproblemswith
theimmunesystemandheredity.
Symptomsincludeabdominalpain,diarrhea,and
intestinalbleeding
Treatmentincludesmedicationforpainand
removalofpartoftheintestine.
Apr2411:52AM
82201Digestion.notebook
March07,2015
Challenge
Readpages372373.
Distinguishbetweenanorexiaandbulimia.
Apr2411:53AM
Conclusions?
Apr164:15PM
82201Digestion.notebook
March07,2015
Howarethetwobasicgasexchange
requirementsmetbythemammalian
lung?
Apr164:14PM