Air Pollution Control

Source Testing

Source Testing (Stack Sampling)

why?
methods of determining ER
source testing
sampling train
process of sampling (PM)
location of sampler, probe
calculating ER
is it isokinetic?

Why Sample Stack?

need ER

Methods of Determining ER
1. Mass Balance/ Engineering Calculations

if (mass in) > (mass out)

then mass loss
evaporation rate, chemical kinetics

Methods of Determining ER
2. Emission Factors (in kg/Mg lime produced)

Methods of Determining ER
3. Source Testing

quantify process
C of A
test APCD
calibrate CEM

Ontario Source Testing Code

MOE Procedure A-1-1

Source Testing (PM)

sampling train

Source Testing (PM)

Process of Sampling
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

define the problem

understand the process
visit the site
preliminary test
source sampling
analysis, result

Process of Sampling
1. define the problem
what to sample?
why?

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

understand the process

visit the site
preliminary test
source sampling
analysis, result

Process of Sampling
1. define the problem
2. understand the process
feed rate, production rate, APC
T. RH, estimate of PM conc., loading, gas
composition

3.
4.
5.
6.

visit the site

preliminary test
source sampling
analysis, result

Process of Sampling
1. define the problem
2. understand the process
3. visit the site
accessibility, port location
services (power, water, lab.)

4. preliminary test
5. source sampling
6. analysis, result

Process of Sampling
1.
2.
3.
4.

define the problem

understand the process
visit the site
preliminary test
gas velocity, temperature
gas composition, moisture content

5. source sampling
6. analysis, result

Process of Sampling
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

define the problem

understand the process
visit the site
preliminary test
source sampling
do sampling
lab analysis
check isokineticity

6. analysis, result

Process of Sampling
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

define the problem

understand the process
visit the site
preliminary test
source sampling
analysis, result
calculate ER
report

3. Visit Site
port location
8 dia. downstream, 2 dia. upstream of
disturbance

probe location
2 perpendicular traverses
divide cross section into equal areas
sample at centre of area
different charts for rectangular ducts

Probe Location

Probe Location

 determine port
height
determine
number and
location of
sampling
points

5. Source Sampling

Problem
calculate ERp , given:
Us(avg)

= 40 ft/s

Vm(ref)

= 1.40 m3

Mp

= 17,200 mg

Ts(avg)

= 386 K

Ww

= 56.6 g

Ps

= 101.5 kPa

stack dia. = 7.0 ft

 check if
sampling was
isokinetic

Source Testing