NAME:

DavidRizzo____________________
PERIOD
:___

BACKGROUND:
Alongtimeago,inagalaxyfar,faraway,agreatraceofbeingslivedona
planetcalledZORK.TheinhabitantswereknownasZorkonians.Theyaremadeupof10basic
genes(unit)thatcodefortheirappearance.Eachoneofthesegenesismadeup2alleles(traits).
Withthisinmind,thereare1,024differentpossiblecombinationsfortheirappearance!Thisis
calledtheir
phenotype
ortheirphysicalappearance.Ifwelookattheirgenes,thereare59,049
differentcombinationsofthealleles!Thisiscalledthe
genotype
orgeneticmakeup.Remember
thatweuselettersfortheallelesthatcontrolthegenesandoneletteroralleleisinheritedfrom
eachparent.YouwillbeusingZorks,whousethesamegeneticprinciplesasapeaplant,tosee
howgenesarepassedonandinherited.YouwillbeusingPunnettSquarestodothis.

Herearesomethingstohelpyou.Youmustunderstandtheseconceptsandterms!Iwilluse
traitsfromthetableonthenextpageasexamples.

Phenotype:
Thephysicalappearanceorwhatthegenemakesanorganismlooklike.Examples
wouldbetwoeyes,yellowhair,andgreenlipsfromazork.
1.Dominant:Thetraitthatisshownthemost.Example:Greenhairisdominantoveryellowhair.
2.Recessive:Thetraitthatishidden.Inthisexample:yellowhair.

Genotype:
Thegeneticmakeupofanorganism.Weuselettersforthegenotype.Remember
thatyouneedtolookatthegenotypetoseewhatthephenotypewillbe.

Example:ThereisaGeneorunitforhaircolorinazork.Theallelesortraits(individualgenes)for
haircolorwouldbeyellowandgreen.Thereare2allelesforeachgeneandweuselettersfor
eachallele.Thecapitallettersarethedominantallelesandthelowercaselettersarethe
recessivealleles.

Gene
Allele
Haircolor
1.Greencolor=G
2.Yellowcolor=g

1.
Heterozygous:
Thetermusedfordifferentalleles.Thereisalwaysonedominantandone
recessiveallele.Example:Gg.Thereisonlyonepossibilityforthis!
2.
Homozygous:
Thetermusedforhavingthesamealleles.Thiswillbeeither2dominant
allelesor2recessivealleles.Example:GGorgg.Thereare2possibilitiesforthis!

Pleasereferbacktothistohelpyouasyouworkthroughthisassignment.Youwillusethetable
onthenextpagetocompletetheproblemsthatfollow.Everythingyouneedisinthetable!The
followingarethetraitsofaZork,whichwewillusetostudygenetics.Youwillbestudyingone
family.Besuretoreadeachproblemcarefully,becauseineachcasetheinformationisbuiltupon
thepreviousproblem.
Dominant/Recessive Genotyp
Allel
Trait
Phenotyp
Heterozygou
e
e
e
s
T
Tall
Dominant
TT,Tt
Tall
Tt
t
Short
Recessive
tt
Short

Homozygou
s
TT
tt

G
g
E
e
F
f
H
h
L
l
W
w
N
n
R
r
B

Green
hair
Yellow
hair
OneEye
Three
Eyes
One
Fang
Two
Fangs
Two
Horns
One
Horn
Purple
Lips
Green
Lips
Two
Wings
No
Wings
OneLeg
Two
Legs
Green
Skin
Yellow
Skin
Thick
Eyebro
w
Thin
Eyebro
w

Dominant

GG,Gg

Recessive

gg

Dominant

EE,Ee

Recessive

ee

Dominant

FF,Ft

Recessive

ff

Dominant

HH,Hh

Recessive

hh

Dominant

LL,Ll

Recessive

ll

Dominant

WW,Ww

Recessive

ww

Dominant

Green
Hair
Yellow
Hair
OneEye
Three
Eyes

Gg

GG

gg

Ee

EE

ee

Ff

FF

ff

Hh

HH

hh

Ll

LL

ll

Ww

WW

NoWings

ww

NN,Nn

OneLeg

Nn

NN

Recessive

nn

TwoLegs

nn

Dominant

RR,Rr

Rr

RR

Recessive

rr

rr

Dominant

BB,Bb

Thick
Eyebrow

Bb

BB

Recessive

bb

Thin
Eyebrow

bb

OneFang
Two
Fangs
Two
Horns
OneHorn
Purple
Lips
Green
Lips
Two
Wings

Green
Skin
Yellow
Skin

SINGLE CROSS PROBLEMS

1.
Crossaheterozygousgreenskinnedzorkwithayellowskinnedzork.
A. What do the possible offspring look
Like?

gg

Gg

Gg

gg

50% green and 50% yellow


2.
Crossahomozygoustwohornedzorkwithaheterozygoustwohornedzork.
A. What are the genotypes of the possible offspring?

Hh

Hh

HH

50% Hh and 50% HH

HH

3.
Crossaheterozygousgreenhairedzorkwithaheterozygousgreenhairedzork.
A. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the possible offspring?

Gg

GG

Gg

gg

50% Gg
25% GG
25% gg

75% green
25% yellow

4.
Crossagreenlippedzorkwithaheterozygouspurplelippedzork.
A. What are the number of phenotypes and genotypes of the offspring? Hint: Count what is
in the boxes!

ll

Ll

ll

Ll

5.
Tork,whoishomozygousfortallmeetsVorkina,whoisshort.
A. What are the phenotypes and genotypes if they were to have offspring?

Tt

Tt

Tt

Tt

100% Tt
100% tall


6.
TorkandVorkinahavetwochildren.OneisaboynamedTorkyandtheotherisagirlnamed
Vorki.Manyyearslater,TorkymeetsandmarriesagirlnamedMorkalinawhoisshort.
A. What are the possibilities for the height of their offspring?
Hint: Look at 5A for information on Torky.

Tt

Tt

tt
tt

50% tall
50% short

7.
VorkithedaughtermeetsazorknamedSpork,whoisheterozygousfortall.

A. How many will be tall? How many will be short? How many will be TT?
How many will be Tt?

How many will be tt?

Tt

TT

Tt

75% tall
25% short
50% Tt
25% TT
25% tt

tt

8.
TorkyhasgreenhairandMorkalinahasyellowhair.Theyhavefourchildrenandallofthem
havegreenhair.
What phenotype and genotype must Torky be?

Tt

Tt

Tt
Tt

He would
have to be
TT and have
green hair.

9.
SporkandVorkibothhavethreeeyes.
A. What would their offspring look like?

ee
ee

ee

ee

100% ee
100% three eyes

10.
Usingproblems59,givethephenotypesandgenotypesofTork,Vorkina,Torky,Morkalina,
SporkandVorkibasedONLYonthetraitsgivenintheproblems.

Tork tall
Forking short
Torky tall
Morkalina short

Vorki tall
Spock short
Tory green hair
Morkalina yellow hair
Sporki three eyes
Vorki three eyes