DISPLACEMENT METHOD OF ANALYSIS:

SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATIONS

General Case
Stiffness Coefficients
Stiffness Coefficients Derivation
Fixed-End Moments
Pin-Supported End Span
Typical Problems
Analysis of Beams
Analysis of Frames: No Sidesway
Analysis of Frames: Sidesway

Slope - Deflection Equations

P

Cj

settlement = j

Mij

Mji

Degrees of Freedom
M

DOF:

2
DOF:

Stiffness

kAA

kBA

A
L
kA
A

kB

4 EI
L
2 EI
L

kBB

kAB

L
kB
B

kA

4 EI
L
2 EI
L

Fixed-End Forces
Fixed-End Moments: Loads
P
PL
8

L/2

L/2

PL
8

L
P
2

P
2
w

wL
12

wL
2

wL
12
wL
2

General Case

Cj

settlement = j

Mij

Mji

Mij

4
2 EI


EI i
j
L
Mij
L

+
(MFji)
settlement = j

+
P

M ij

settlement = j

2
4 EI
Mji EI

L
L j

(MFij)

(MFij)Load

Mji

w
(MFji)Load

4
2 EI
F
2 EI
4 EI
F
F
F
) j ( M ij ) ( M ij ) Load , M ji (
) i (
) j ( M ji ) ( M ji ) Load 8
EI ) i (
L
L
L
(
L

Equilibrium Equations
P

Cj

Cj

Mji

Mjk

Mji

Mjk
j

M 0 : M M
j

ji

jk

C 0
j

Stiffness Coefficients
Mij

kii

Mji

4 EI
k

ji

2 EI
L

1
2 EI
kij
L

+
k

jj

4 EI
L

10

Matrix Formulation

2 EI
F
) i (
) j ( M ij )
L
L
2 EI
4 EI
F
M ji (
) i (
) j ( M ji )
L
L
M ij (

4 EI

( 4 EI / L
)
ji

M
( 2 EI / L

)

ij

(2
EI
(4
EI

/ L ) M

iI
ij


F
/ L )
M
j
ji

k k ii
k ji

k ij

k jj

Stiffness Matrix
11

Mij

Mji

i
L

[ M ] [ K ][ ] [ FEM ]

([ M ] [ FEM ]) [ K ][ ]
1

Mij

Mji

(MFij)

[ ] [ K ] [ M ] FEM ]
[

+
(M ji)
F

Stiffness matrix

Fixed-end
matrix

moment

[D] = [K]-1([Q] - [FEM])

+
(M ij)Load
F

(MFji)Load

Displacement
matrix

Force matrix

12

Stiffness Coefficients Derivation: Fixed-End Support

Mi

Mj

Real beam

L
i

M
L

M M

L/3

M jL
2 EI

EI

Conjugate beam
Mi
EI

M iL
2 EI

ML2L
MLL
j
M ' i 0 :
i
) ( ) 0
(
)( ) (
2 EI 3

2 EI 3
M i 2 M j
( 1 )

From ( 1 ) and ( 2 );
4 EI
M (
i

)
L
2 EI

 F y 0 : i ( M L

M L 0 ( 2 )
j
) (
)
2 EI
2 EI
i

M (
j

)
L

13

Stiffness Coefficients Derivation: Pinned-End Support

Mi

Real beam

M
L

2L
3

M
L

M iL
2 EI

M
M ' j 0 : (

Conjugate beam

Mi
EI

L2L
ML
ML
0

i
i
) ( ) i L
F y 0 : (
)

(
) j 0

2 EI 3
3 EI
M i L

i
(
)
3 EI
M iL
3 EI
i 1 (
M i
)
i

3 EI
EI
j

2
M L
i

6 EI

)
14

Fixed end moment : Point Load

P Real beam

Conjugate beam
A

B
M
EI

M
EI

M
EI

ML
2 EI
M
EI

ML
2 EI

P
2

PL
16 EI

Fy 0 :

ML
2 EI

PL
4 EI

ML

PL
16 EI

2 PL

PL

0 , M 8 15
2 EI 16 EI

P
PL
8
P
2

PL
8

P
2

P/2

PL/8

P/2

-PL/8

-PL/8

-PL/8
-

-PL/16
-

-PL/16
PL/4
+

-PL/8

PL PL PL PL

16
16
4
8

16

Uniform load
w
A

Real beam

Conjugate beam
A

B
M
EI

M
EI

M
EI

ML
2
EI
M
EI

ML
2 EI
2

wL
8 EI

wL
24 EI
Fy 0 :

ML

ML

wL
24 EI

2 wL

0 , M

wL

2EI

2EI

24EI

12 17

Settlements
Real beam

Mi = Mj

Conjugate beam

M M
i

Mj

M
EI
B

M
EI

M i M

L
M
EI

ML
2 EI

ML
2 EI

M
EI

MB
0

ML

L
ML 2 L
: (
) ( ) (
) ( ) 0 ,
2
3
2
3
EI
EI
6 EI
M
18
2
L

Pin-Supported End Span: Simple Case

P

A
4

EI
L

2 EI

2 EI
L

+
P

4 EI
L

B
w
(FEM)BA

(FEM)AB

A
B
M AB 0 ( 4 EI / L ) A ( 2 EI / L ) B ( FEM ) AB ( 1 )
M

BA

0 ( 2 EI / L ) A ( 4 EI / L ) B ( FEM ) BA ( 2 )

2 ( 2 ) ( 1 ) : 2 M
BA

( 6 EI / L ) B 2 ( FEM ) BA ( FEM ) BA

( FEM ) BA
M BA ( 3 EI / L B ( FEM ) BA
2
)

19

Pin-Supported End Span: With End Couple and Settlement

P

MA

A
4

EI
L

2 EI

2 EI
L

E lim inate
by

AB

(MF BA)load
A

B
B

(MF AB)load
(MF AB)

4 EI

M A

4 EI

2 EI

( M

AB

) load ( M

AB

(MF BA)

) ( 1 )

L
4 EI
F
M BA
A

(
M
BA )
( 2)
F
L
L B ( M BA ) load

2 ( 2 ) ( 1 )
3 EI
L
F
1
B
M BA ) load (
: M BA
[(
M
2
L
2 EI

F
AB

1
) load ] ( M
2

F
BA

2
20

Fixed-End Moments
Fixed-End Moments: Loads
P
PL
8

L/2

L/2

PL
8

P
L/2

L/2

PL

1
PL
3 PL
( )[ ( )]
8
2
8
16

wL
12

wL
12

wL 1
wL
wL
12 ( )[ ( )]
2
12
8

21

Typical Problem

CB
w

P1

P2
C

A
B
L1

L2
2

PL
8

PL
8

wL
12

L
M

AB

M
M

BA

BC

M CB

4 EI
L1
2 EI

L
1
4 EI
L
2
2 EI

P 1L 1
A
B 0 8
L1
0
P 1L 1
4 EI
0 8
A
B
2
L
P
L
1
wL
2 2
2
0

12
2 EI
B
8
2

0 P L
C
wL
2 2
2
L
2
0
4 EI
C 0

B
2 EI

wL
12

L2

L2

12

22

CB
w

P1

P2
C

A
B
L1

L2
CB

MBA

MBC

2 EI

P 1L 1
M
A
B 0 8
BA
L1
L1
2
4
2 EI
P L wL
2 2
2

EI
M
12
B
C
BC
8
L
2
L
M

0 :

4 EI

CB M

BA

BC

0 Solvefor

23

P1
MAB

CB
w

MBA

P2
C

A
B
L1

MBC
L2

MCB

Substitute B in MAB, MBA, MBC, MCB

0
M

AB

BA

BC

CB

4 EI
L1
2 EI

L1
4 EI
L2
2 EI
L

2 EI
L

4 EI
L

PL
B 0

B 2 EI

P 1L

1 1

8
2

P 2 L 2 wL 2
C 0

L2
8
12
0
2
4 EI
P 2 L 2 wL 2
0

C
L
8
12
2

24

P1
MAB

CB
w

MBA

P2
MCB

Ay

L1

MBC

Cy

L2

By = ByL + ByR

P1
MAB

A
Ay

L1

P2

MBA

MCB

MBC
ByL

ByR

L2

Cy

25

Example of Beams

26

Example 1
Draw the quantitative shear , bending moment diagrams and
qualitative deflected curve for the beam shown. EI is constant.

10 kN

6 kN/m
C

A
4m

4m

6m

27

10 kN

6 kN/m
C

A
4m
P

PL
8

4m

6m
wL2

PL
8
FEM

30
MBA

MBC

[M] = [K][Q] + [FEM]

AB

4 EI
8

BA

2 EI

M
M
CB

BC

2 EI

6
2 EI
6

M 0 :
B

BA

BC

A 8

( 10 ) ( 8 )

8
0 4 EI

8
4 EI

wL2
20

2 EI
6

B 4 EI
6

0

C

0
C

8
( 10 ) ( 8 )
8
2

(6)(6)
30
2

(6)(6)
20

4 EI

4 EI

(6)(6)
(

) B 10
0
8
6
30
24
B
EI
Substitute B in the moment equations:
MAB = 10.6 kNm,
MBC = 8.8 kNm
MBA = - 8.8 kNm,

MCB = -10 kNm 28

10 kN
8.8 kNm
10.6 kNm

6 kN/m
C

8.8 kNm
4m

4m

MAB = 10.6 kNm,

MBC = 8.8 kNm

MBA = - 8.8 kNm,

MCB= -10 kNm

10 kNm

6m

2m
18 kN

10 kN

6 kN/m
10.6 kNm

8.8 kNm B
10 kNm
8.8 kNm

Ay = 5.23 kN

ByL = 4.78 kN

ByR = 5.8 kN

Cy = 12.2 kN

29

10 kN
10.6 kNm

6 kN/m

C
4m

5.23 kN

4m

10 kNm

12.2 kN

6m

4.78 + 5.8 = 10.58 kN

V (kN)

5.8

5.23
+

x (m)

- 4.78

10.3
M
(kNm)

-10.6

Deflected shape

-12.2
+

-8.8

24
EI

x (m)
-10
x (m)
30

Example 2
Draw the quantitative shear , bending moment diagrams and
qualitative deflected curve for the beam shown. EI is constant.
10 kN

6 kN/m
C

A
4m

4m

6m

31

10 kN

6 kN/m
C

A
4m
PL
8

4m

FEM
10
0

M AB

BA

4 EI

8
2 EI
8

6m
wL2

PL
8

[M] = [K][Q] +
[FEM]

BC

M CB

4 EI

6
2 EI

2 EI

8
4 EI
8

2 EI

6
4 EI

( 10 ) ( 8 )

( 1 )
B

30

8 10
( 10 )
( 2 )
(8)
8
2

(6)(6)

( 3 )

30
2
0(6)(6)

( 4 )
B
C
6
6
20
6 EI

wL2
20

2 ( 2 ) ( 1 ) : 2 M
BA

BA

B 30
8 15
B
3
EI
8

(5)

32

MBA

MBC
B
2

4 EI

M
BC

M
CB

(6)(6)

B
( 3 )
6
30
2
2 EI

B ( 6 ) ( 6 )

( 4 )
6
20
3 EI

B 15 ( 5 )
8

BA

0 : M

( 3 EI 4 EI

)
B
8
6

BA

BC
2

(6)(6)
15
0 ( 6 )
30
7 488
B
EI
4 EI
2 EI
Substitut
B in ( 1 ) : 0

10
e
A
B
8
8
A 23 74

Substitute A and

in (5), (3) and (4):

MBA = - 12.19 kNm

MBC = 12.19 kNm
MCB = - 8.30 kNm

EI
33

10 kN
12.19 kNm
A
4m

4m

6 kN/m
C

12.19 kNm

8.30 kNm

6m

MBA = - 12.19 kNm, MBC = 12.19 kNm, MCB = - 8.30 kNm

2m
10 kN
18 kN
A
B

B
12.19 kNm
12.19 kNm

Ay

= 3.48 kN

ByL = 6.52 kN

By = 6.65 kN
R

6 kN/m
C

8.30 kNm

Cy = 11.35 kN

34

10 kN

6 kN/m
C

A
3.48 kN

4m

4m

11.35 kN

6m

6.52 + 6.65 = 13.17 kN

V (kN)

6.65

3.48

x (m)
- 6.52

-11.35

14
M
(kNm)

x (m)
-12.2

Deflected shape
23
A

EI

7 49
B EI

74

-8.3

x (m)
35

Example 3
Draw the quantitative shear , bending moment diagrams and
qualitative deflected curve for the beam shown. EI is constant.

10 kN

4 kN/m
C

A
2EI
4m

B
4m

3EI
6m

36

10 kN

4 kN/m
C

A
2EI
(10) (8)/8
4m

(10) (8)/8
4m

3EI
(4) (62)/12
6m

(4) (62)/12

10
( 10 ) ( 8 )

4 ( 2 EI ) 2 ( 2 EI )
M AB
A
B
( 1 )
8
8
8 10
2 ( 2 EI ) 4 ( 2 )
( 10 ) ( 8 )
M BA
B
( 2 )
EI
A
8
8
15 8
2 ( 2 ) (
3 ( 2 EI ) ( 3 / 2 ) ( 10 )
:
M
BA
( 2 a )
B ( 8 )
1)
8

2
8
4 ( 3 EI )
M BC
2
12 ( 3 )
B
(4)(6)
6

12

37

10 kN

4 kN/m
C

A
2EI
(3/2)(10)(8)/8
4m
4m

3EI
(4) (62)/12
6m

(4) (62)/12

15
3 ( 2 EI ) ( 3 / 2 ) ( 10 ) ( 8 )
M
B
( 2 a )
BA
8
8
12
2
4 ( 3 EI )
( 4 ) ( 6 )
M
( 3 )
B
BC
M BA M
0 :

BC

6
12
2 75 EI B 12 15 3
B 1 091 / EI

3 ( 2 EI ) 1 091
(
) 15 14 18 kN m
M BA
8
EI
4 ( 3 EI ) 1 091
M BC
(
) 12 14 18 kN m
6
EI
2 ( 3 EI )
M
12 10 91 kN m
CB
B
6

38

10 kN

4 kN/m
C 10.91

A
2EI 14.18
4m

14.18
6m

4m

MBA = - 14.18 kNm,

3EI

MBC = 14.18 kNm,

MCB = -10.91 kNm

10 kN
A

24 kN
B

4 kN/m

14.18 kNm
140.18 kNm

10.91 kNm
C

Ay = 3.23 kN

ByL = 6.73 kN

ByR = 12.55 kN

Cy = 11.46 kN

39

10 kN

4 kN/m
C 10.91 kNm

A
2EI

3.23 kN
4m

V (kN)

3.23

B
4m

3EI
11.46 kN

6m

6.77 + 12.55 = 19.32 kN

12.55
2.86
+
-6.73

x (m)
-11.46

12.91
M
(kNm)

5.53
+

-10.91
-14.18

Deflected shape

x (m)

B = 1.091/EI
x (m)
40

Example 4
Draw the quantitative shear , bending moment diagrams and
qualitative deflected curve for the beam shown. EI is constant.

10 kN 12 kNm

4 kN/m
C

A
2EI
4m

B
4m

3EI
6m

41

10 kN 12 kNm

2EI
3EI
2
1.5PL/8 = 15 B wL /12 = 12 wL2/12 = 12
4m

M
M

BA

BC

CB

3 ( 2 EI )
B 15
8

4m

( 2 )

B 12 ( 3 )
12 kNm

MBA MBA
B MBC MBC
Jo int B : M

M
( 0 75 EI 15 ) (
2
BA
BC

6m
0

( 1 )

4(3 )
12
EI
B
6
2(3
EI )
6

4 kN/m

12 0

4 ( 2 EI )

M AB

-3.273/EI
2 ( 3 EI ) ( 10 ) ( 8 )

8
7 21
EI

3 273 15 17 45 kN m
)
MBA 0 75 EI (
EI
3 273
MBC
2 EI (
) 12 5 45 kN m
EI
3 273
MCB
EI (
) 12 15 27 kN m
EI

B 12 ) 12
3EI273

EI

0
42

3 273
MBA 0 75 EI (
) 15 17 45 kN m

EI
3 273
MBC 2 EI (
) 12 5 45 kN
EI m
3 273
MCB EI (
)
EI 12 15 27 kN
m
24 kN
10 kN
4 kN/m
A

B
17.45 kNm

2.82 kN

5.45 kNm

7.18 kN

10.36 kN

10 kN 12 kNm

2.82 kN

13.64 kN

4 kN/m
C

15.27 kNm

15.27 kNm

13.64 kN

43

10 kN 12 kNm

4 kN/m
C 15.27 kNm

A
2.82 kN
4m

3EI

2EI

B
17.54 kN
6m

4m

13.64 kN A
B

10.36
2.82

V (kN)

3.41 m

-13.64

11.28

7.98

+
-

x (m)

-5.45

-15.27

Deflected shape

EI

-17.45

EI
3 273

x (m)

-7.18
M
(kNm)

7 21

x (m)
7 21
EI

3 273
EI

44

Example 5
Draw the quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams, and
qualitative deflected curve for the beam shown. Support B settles 10
mm, and EI is constant. Take E = 200 GPa, I = 200x106 mm4.

10 kN

12 kNm

6 kN/m
B

A
3EI

2EI
4m

4m

10 mm

6m

45

10 kN

12 kNm

6 kN/m
B

A
3EI

2EI
6 EI
2

4m

4m

10 mm

6 EI

PL
8

6 EI

L
B

6 EI

6m

[FEM]

wL
30

PL
8

[FEM]load
-12
M

AB

M
M

B
A

BC

4 ( 2 EI
2 ( 2 EI ) 6 ( 2 EI ) ( 0 ( 10 ) ( 8 )
)

01 )
( 1 )
A
B

8
8
2
8
8
2 ( 2 EI ) 4 ( 2 EI ) 6 ( 2 EI ) ( 0 01 ) ( 10 ) ( 8 )

( 2 )
A
B
2
8
8
8
8
0
2
4 ( 3 EI ) 2 ( 3 EI ) 6 ( 3 EI ) ( 0 01 ) ( 6 ) ( 6 )

( 3 )
B
C
2
CB
6
2 ( 3 EI

wL
30

6
)
4 ( 3 EI )

B
C
6

6
6 ( 3 EI ) ( 0
01 )
6

3( 4 )
0
(
6
)
(
6
)

3
0

46

10 kN

12 kNm

6 kN/m
B

A
2EI
4m

3EI
4m

10 mm

6m

4 ( 2 EI ) 2 ( 2 EI ) 6 ( 2 EI ) ( 0 ( 10 ) ( 8 )

( 1 )
01 )
AB
A

8
8
B
2
8
8
M BA 2 ( 2 EI
4 ( 2 EI ) 6 ( 2 EI ) ( 0
( 10 ) ( 8 )
)

01 )
( 2 )
A
B

8
8
2
8
8
6
-6
4
Substitute EI = (200x10 kPa)(200x10 m ) = 200x200 kN m2 :
M

4(2 )
2 ( 2 EI )
A
B 75 10 ( 1 )
EI
8
AB

8 ) 4 ( 2 EI ) 75 10 ( 2 )
2(2
A
B
M
EI
8
BA
16.5

8
8
2 ( 2 ) (
2
3 ( 2 EI )
: M BA
1)
B 75
M

( 75 / 2 ) 10

( 10 / 2 ) 12 / 2

( 2
a)
47

10 kN

12 kNm

6 kN/m
B

A
2EI
4m

3EI
4m
MBA

10 mm

6m

= (3/4)(2EI)

+ 16.5

MBC = (4/6)(3EI) B - 192.8

+ MB = 0: - MBA - MBC = 0
MBA

MBC
B

(3/4 + 2)EI

+ 16.5 - 192.8 = 0

B = 64.109/ EI
Substitute B in (1):
Substitute

and

= -129.06/EI

in (5), (3), (4):

MBA = 64.58 kNm,

MBC = -64.58 kNm
MCB = -146.69 kNm
48

10 kN

12 kNm

6 kN/m
B

A
64.58 kNm
4m

4m

64.58 kNm

146.69 kNm

6m

MBA = 64.58 kNm,

MBC = -64.58 kNm
2m

MCB = -146.69 kNm

12 kNm

18 kN

10 kN
64.58 kNm
B

146.69 kNm
B

Ay

= 11.57 kN

= -1.57 kN
ByL

6 kN/m

64.58 kNm

C
= -29.21 kN

ByR

Cy

= 47.21 kN

49

10 kN

12 kNm

6 kN/m
C

A
2EI

11.57 kN
4m

3EI

B
4m

47.21 kN

6m

1.57 + 29.21 = 30.78 kN

V (kN)

11.57
+

1.57

12

M
(kNm)

= -129.06/EI
= 64.109/ EI

x (m)
-

-29.21
58.29

146.69 kNm

-47.21

64.58

x (m)
-146.69

Deflected shape

x (m)
10 mm
A

= -129.06/EI

= 64.109/ EI

50

Example 6
For the beam shown, support A settles 10 mm downward, use the slope-deflection
method to
(a)Determine all the slopes at supports
(b)Determine all the reactions at supports
(c)Draw its quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams, and
qualitative deflected shape. (3 points)
Take E= 200 GPa, I = 50(106) mm4.

6 kN/m
B
2EI
3m

1.5EI
3m

12 kNm
A

10 mm

51

6 kN/m
B

2EI
3m
6
4 5
(3)
12
C
50 ) ( 0 01 ) C

CA

12
:

MF

100 kN m

4 ( 2 EI )
C ( 1 )
3
4 ( 1 5 EI ) 2 ( 1 5 EI )
4 5 100 ( 2 )

A
C
3
3
2 ( 1 5 EI ) 4 ( 1 5 EI )

CB

2(2)
( 2 )

MFw

4.5

0.01 m

3
m

6 kN/m

10 mm

100
kN

1.5EI
3m

6(15
200

12 kNm

M
M

AC

CA

3
3 ( 1 5 EI )

 A 4 5

3
3 ( 4 5 ) 100 12

2
2
2

1
0
0

(
3
)

(
2
a
)
52

6 kN/m
B

2EI

1.5EI

3m

MCB

MCA
C

Substitute C in eq.(3)

10 mm

CB

3m

4 ( 2 EI )
C ( 1 )
3
3 ( 1 5 EI ) 3 ( 4 5 ) 100 12

12 kNm

( 2 a )

CA

3
M Equilibrium
equation:

M CA 0
100 12
( 8 4 5 ) EI
3 ( 4
0
5)

C
(
)
3
2
2
3
EI
15 06
C
A
34 22

0 0034
0015
2
EI
EI
12
(1
5 EI ) 15 06 4 (

CB

2
rad
5 EI )
A 4 5 100
3
rad

(
3)

53

6 kN/m
B
2EI

3m
C

15 06
EI
2(2EI )

12 kNm
A

1.5EI

10 mm

3m

0 0015 rad A

34 22
EI

0 0034 rad

2(2EI ) 15 06
M BC
C
(
) 20 08 kN m
3
3
EI
4 ( 2 EI )
4 ( 2 ) 15 06
M CB EI
(
) 40 16 kN m
EI
C
3
3
20.08
40.16 kNm
kNm
C
B
16 20 08
40
20 08 kN
20 08 kN
3
18 kN

12 kNm

6 kN/m
40.16 kNm

C
26.39 kN

8.39 kN

54

12 kNm

6 kN/m

0 0015 rad B

A 0 0034 rad

2EI
3m

1.5EI

40.16 kNm

12 kNm

20.08 kN
40.16 kNm

V (kN)

6 kN/m

C
26.39 kN
26.39

-20.08
20.08

8.39 kN
8.39
x (m)

+
M (kNm)

10 mm

3m

20.08 kNm
20.08 kN

12
x (m)

Deflected shape

-40.16

C 0 0015 rad

x (m)
A 0 0034 rad

55

Example 7

For the beam shown, support A settles 10 mm downward, use the

slope-deflection method to
(a)Determine all the slopes at supports
(b)Determine all the reactions at supports
(c)Draw its quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams, and
qualitative deflected shape.
Take E= 200 GPa, I = 50(106) mm4.

6 kN/m
B
2EI
3m

1.5EI

12 kNm
A

10 mm

3m

56

6 kN/m
B

2EI
3m

10 mm

C
C

4 EI C
3

6 ( 2 EI )
4 EI C

C
3

1.5EI
3m

EI

12 kNm

6 ( 1 5 EI )
EI
C
C

6 kN/m

4.5
C

3
2

6(3)
12

BC

4 EI
100
2(2 )
C
C
EI
3
( 1 )
3

0.01

M CB

4 ( 2 EI
)

3
4 ( 1 5 EI
)
CA
M

3
12

4 EI

( 2 )
C
C
3
2 ( 1 5 EI )
C

EI 4 5 100 ( 3 )
C

4 5

6 ( 1 5 200 50 ) ( 0 01 )
2

3
100 kNm

3
2 ( 1 5 EI ) 4 ( 1 5 EI )
C
A EI
3
2 ( 3 ) ( : CA 3 ( 1 5 EI )
4)
M

C
2
3

EI
5)
2

4 5 100 ( 4 )

3(4

C

100 12

2
2

( 3 a )

57

12 kNm

6 kN/m
B
2EI

3m

1.5EI
3m

18 kN

Equilibrium equation:

6 kN/m
MBC

B
By

(C)

y CB

MCB

10 mm

MCA

12 kNm

Ay
M 12 18 ( 1 5 )
M M
M 39
CA
CA
BC
CB
)
(C)

(
y CA
3
3
3
MCB MCA
M C 0 : M CB M CA 0 ( 1 *)

( C ) ( C ) 0 ( 2 *)
y CB
y CA
C 0 :
y
C
(Cy)CB
(Cy)CA

Substitute in ( 1 *) 4 167 C 0 8333 EI 62 15 ( 5 )

C
EI
Substitute ( 2 *) 2 5 EI C 3 167 EI 101 75 ( 6 )
C
in

From ( 5 ) and
(6)

25 51 / EI 0 00255 rad

52 27 /
EI
C

5 227 mm

58

6 kN/m
B
2EI

3m

1.5EI

12 kNm
A

10 mm

3m

Solve equation
C

25 51

0 00255 rad

EI
52 27

Substitute C and C in (1), (2) and (3a)

MBC

5 227 mm

MCB

EI
Substitute C and C in (4)

EI

By

MCA

0 000286 rad

6 kN/m

35.68 kNm B
18 5 55
12 45 kN

2EI
3m

1 67 kN m
1 67 kN m

2 86
A

35 68 kN m

1.5EI
3m

12 kNm
A
Ay

18 ( 4 5 ) 12 35 68

5 55 kN

6
59

6 kN/m
35.68 kNm

12 kNm

B
2EI

12.45 kN

V (kN)
C 0 00255 rad
C 5 227 mm

3m

1.5EI

10 mm
5.55 kN

3m

12.45

0.925 m

x (m)
-5.55

A 0 000286 rad
M (kNm)

1.67

14.57
+

12

x (m)

-35.68
Deflected shape

C 5 227 mm
C 0 00255 rad

x (m)
A 0 000286 rad

60

Example of Frame: No Sidesway

61

Example 6
For the frame shown, use the slope-deflection method to
(a) Determine the end moments of each member and reactions at
supports (b) Draw the quantitative bending moment diagram, and
also draw the
qualitative deflected shape of the entire frame.
10 kN

12 kN/m
C

3m

B
3EI

40 kN
3m

2EI

A
1m

6m

62

10 kN

36/2 = 18

12 kN/m

Equilibrium equations

C
B

3m

36

2EI
(wL2/12 ) =36

PL/8 = 30
3EI

40 kN
3m

A
1m

PL/8 = 30
6m

Slope-Deflection Equations
2(3
30
( 1)
EI )
AB
B
6
M BA 4 ( 3 EI B 30 ( 2 )
)

6
3 ( 2 EI
)
M BC
36 18 ( 3 )
B
6
M

10

MBC
MBA
10 M BA M

BC

0 ( 1 *)

Substitute (2) and (3) in (1*)

10 3 EI B 30 54 0

4 667

( 3 EI )
EI
4 667
Substitute B
in ( 1 ) to ( 3 )
EI

33 kN m
M AB 25
B

14

M 39 33 kN m
BA
M BC 49 33 kN m

63

10 kN

12 kN/m

20.58

C
3m

49.33
39.33
3EI

40 kN
3m

25.33

A
1m

10

2EI

-39.3

-49.33

MAB = 25.33 kNm

27.7

MBA = -39.33 kNm

-25.33

MBC = 49.33 kNm

6m

Bending moment diagram

12 kN/m

49.33
39.33

27.78 kN

B = -4.667/EI
B

40 kN
A

17.67 kN
25.33

Deflected curve

64

Example 7
Draw the quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams and
qualitative deflected curve for the frame shown. E = 200 GPa.
25 kN
5 kN/m

240 (106) mm4

C

180 (106)

5m
120 (106) mm4

60 (106) mm4

A
3m

3m

D
4m

65

25 kN
PL/8 = 18.75
B
6

5 kN/m

18.75

240 (10 ) mm

5m

E
C

180 (106)
(wL2/12 ) = 6.667
6.667 + 3.333

120 (106) mm4

60 (106) mm4

D
3m

4m

3m

4 ( 2 EI 0 2 ( 2 EI )
)
M AB
A
B
5
5
0 4 ( 2 EI )
M BA
B
2 ( 2 EI )
5
A
2 ( 4 EI )
M BC 5
C 18 75
4 ( 4 EI )
B
6
6
M
CB
2(4
4 ( 4 EI ) 18 75
EI )

B
C

6
6
3 ( EI
)

BA

BC

8 16
8
(
) EI ( ) EI 18 75 ( 1 )
B
C
5
6
6
8

M
CE

CB

CD

M 0
8 75 ( 2 )

16 3 9
( ) EI
) EI
B (
6
6 5 4

5 C
3(3
M CE EI
)
4 C 10
M

CD

5 29
Fro ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) : B
m
EI

2 86
EI

66

Substitute B = -1.11/EI,

= -20.59/EI below

0
4 ( 2 EI ) 2 ( 2 EI
)
AB
M

A
B
5
5
2 ( 2 EI
0
)
4 ( 2 EI )
BA
M

)
5
4 ( 4 EI
M
B
C 18 75
BC
6
6
M
2(4 )
4 ( 4 EI )
CB

18 75
EI
B
C

6
6
3 ( EI
)
M
C
CD
5 )
M
3 ( 3 10
CE
C
EI

MAB = kNm
MBA = 8.46 kNm
A

5
2 ( 4 EI )
MBC = 8.46 kNm
MCB = 18.18 kNm
MCD = kNm

MCE = 16.44 kNm

67

MAB = -4.23 kNm, MBA = -8.46 kNm, MBC = 8.46 kNm, MCB = -18.18 kNm,
MCD = 1.72 kNm, MCE = 16.44 kNm
20 kN
25 kN
16.44 kNm
3m
3m C
C
E 2.2 kN
2.54 kN B
2.54 kN 2.54-0.34
8.46 kNm
(25 (3)+8.46-18.18)/6
= 10.88 kN

18.18 kNm
14.12 kN

=2.2 kN
(20 (2)+16.44)/4
= 14.11 kN

5.89 kN

10.88 kN
B

8.46 kNm
(8.46 + 4.23)/5
= 2.54 kN

14.12+14.11=28.23 kN
1.72 kNm
B
(1.72)/5 = 0.34 kN

5m
5m
A

2.54 kN
4.23 kNm

0.34 kN

10.88 kN
28.23 kN

68

24.18
10.88

14.11

1.29 m 2.33 m
1.18 m

0.78 m
+

-2.54

2.82 m

-14.12

-2.54

-5.89 -8.46

-8.46

-18.18

0.34

4.23
0.78 m

1.72

Shear diagram

3.46

-16.44

1.18 m

1.67m
Moment diagram

1.29 m 2.33 m

= 5.29/EI

1.18 m

= /EI

1.67m
Deflected curve

69

Example of Frames: Sidesway

70

Example 8
Determine the moments at each joint of the frame and draw the quantitative
bending moment diagrams and qualitative deflected curve . The joints at
A and D are fixed and joint C is assumed pin-connected. EI is constant for each
member
3m
1m

B
10 kN

3m
A

71

 Overview
Unknowns

B
1m
10 kN

and

Boundary Conditions
3m
MAB
Ax
3m

Ay

MDC
D
Dx

= 0

Equilibrium
Conditions

Dy

- Joint B
B
MBA

M B 0 : M

MBC

BA

BC

( 1 *)

- Entire Frame
F x 0 : 10 A x D
0

( 2 *)
x

72

(0.375EI)

1m

B
10 kN

MAB

C
10 kN

(0.375EI)

(5.625)load

4m

3m

(1/2)(0.375EI)
(0.375EI)

(1.875)load

(0.375EI)

MBA

0.375EI
5.625
2
M
2 ( EI )
10 ( 3 ) ( 1 ) 6 EI
AB

( 1 )
B
2
2
4
4
4
4 ( EI )
5.625
0.375EI
M
2

BA
10 ( 3 ) ( 1 ) 6 EI
B
4

( 2 )
2
2
3 ( EI )
M
4
4

BC
( 3 )
B

MDC

3
0 375 EI

0 375 EI
0

Ax

3m

Slope-Deflection
Equations

4m

Dx

MDC

M 0 :
B
( M M )
AB
BA
A x
4
A 0 375 EI 0 1875 EI 1 563 ( 5 )
x

1875 EI

M C 0 :
( 4 )
M
D DC 0
x

0468 EI

( 6 )

73

Equilibrium Conditions:

Solve equation

0 ( 1 *)

BC
10 BA
D 0 ( 2 *)
M
x
A

Substitute (2) and (3) in (1*)

2EI B + 0.375EI 5.625 ----(7)

Slope-Deflection Equations:
Substitute (5) and (6) in (2*)
2 ( EI )
M AB
5 625 0 375 EI ( 1 )
0 375 EI 0 235 EI 8 437 ( 8 )
B
B
4
4 ( EI )
M
5 625 0 375 EI ( 2 ) From (7) and (8) can solve;
BA
B
5 6
44 8
4
B

M
3 ( EI )
BC

( 3 )
B

MDC

3
( 4 )
0 1875 EI

Horizontal reaction at
supports:
A 0 375 EI 0 1875 EI 1
563
x

0 0468 EI ( 6 )

EI
EI
5 6
44 8
Substitut
B
and
e

EI
EI
MAB = 15.88 kNm
( 5 )
MBA = 5.6 kNm
MBC = -5.6 kNm

in ( 1 ) to ( 6 )

Dx

MDC = 8.42 kNm

Ax = 7.9 kN
Dx = 2.1 kN

74

B
1m
10 kN

MAB = 15.88 kNm, MBA = 5.6 kNm,

MBC = -5.6 kNm, MDC = 8.42 kNm,
Ax = 7.9 kN, Dx = 2.1 kN,

5.6

3m
15.88
7.9 kN
3m

8.42
D
2.1 kN
= 44.8/EI

5.6
5.6

7.8

15.88

Bending moment diagram

A
8.42

= 44.8/EI
C

= -5.6/EI

D
Deflected curve

75

Example 9
From the frame shown use the slope-deflection method to:
(a) Determine the end moments of each member and reactions at
supports (b) Draw the quantitative bending moment diagram, and
also draw the qualitative deflected shape of the entire frame.
B
10 kN
2m

pin

2 EI
2.5 EI

EI

4m
D

4m

3m

76

 Overview
B

2EI
B

10 kN
EI
2m
A

CD

C
2.5EI

4m

B and
4m

Boundary Conditions

MDC

MAB
Ax
Ay

Unknowns

C
BC

D
3m

Dx
Dy

= 0

Equilibrium
Conditions
- Joint B
B
MBA

M B 0 : M

MBC

BA

BC

( 1 *)

- Entire Frame
F x 0 : 10 A x D
0

( 2 *)
x

77

 Slope-Deflection Equation
5

CD

B 2EI

10 kN

4m

0.375EI

3m

C
M

2 ( EI )

B 0 375 EI 5 ( 1 )

AB

(6) (2.5EI)(1.25)/(5)2 = 0.75EI

36.87 4 m

EI
2.5EI
PL/8 = 5

2m

= / cos 36.87 = 1.25

C
CD
= tan 36.87 = 0.75
BC
36.87

C
BC

C
CD= 1.25

4
4 ( EI
M )
0 375 EI 5 ( 2 )
B
BA
4
3 ( 2 EI 0 2813 EI ( 3 )
BC
B
M
)

4
MDC 0 375 EI ( 4 )

A
D
6EI/(4) 2 = 0.375EI
0.5625EI
B

(1/2) 0.5625EI

0.75EI

(1/2) 0.75EI

C
(6) (2EI)(0.75)/(4) 2 =
0.5625EI
C

BC= 0.75
78

 Horizontal reactions
B

2 EI

pin
C

10 kN
2m

EI

4m

2.5 EI

D
4m

MBA

3m
MBC

B
10 kN

C
MBC
4

MBC
4
C

Ax = (MBA+ MAB-20)/4 -----(5)

MAB
D

Dx= (MDC-(3/4)MBC)/4 ---(6)

MDC

MBC/4

79

Equilibrium Conditions:
M

Solve equations

0 ( 1 *)

BC
10 BA
D 0 ( 2 *)
M
x
A
x

Slope-Deflection Equation:

Substitute (2) and (3) in (1*)

2 5 EI B 0 0938 EI 5 0 ( 7 )

Substitute (5) and (6) in (2*)

2 ( EI )
6 EI
M
5
( 1 )
0 0938 EI 0 334 EI 5 0 ( 8 )
AB
B
2
B
4
4
From (7) and (8) can solve;
4(
)
6
EI

M
EI
BA
5
( 2 )
1 45
14 56

B
2
4
4
M 3 ( 2 EI
3 ( 2 EI ) ( 0 75


BC
B
)
)
( 3 )
EI
EI

1 45
14 56
B
2
4
4
and
MDC 3 ( 2 5 EI ) ( 1 25
Substitut B
in ( 1 ) to ( 6 )

EI
)
e
2
EI
( 4 )
5
Horizontal reactions at supports:
MAB = 15.88 kNm
( M M 20 )
BA
AB
MBA = 5.6 kNm
A

D
x
x
M
DC

4
3
M
4
4

MBC =
( -5.6
5 ) kNm
MDC =
8.42
BC

kNm

Ax =
7.9 kN
( 6 ) Dx =
2.1 kN

80

B
1.91

1.91
2 EI

MAB = 11.19 kNm

MBA = 1.91 kNm
MBC = -1.91 kNm

pin
C

10 kN
2m
A

EI
2.5 EI
11.19 kNm
8.27 kN
0.478 kN
4m

B
1.91

5.46

4m
1.73

MDC = 5.46 kNm

Ax = 8.28 kNm
Dx = 1.72 kNm

0.478 kN

3m

1.91

5.35
A

B=1.45/EI

B=1.45/EI
11.19

5.46
D

Bending-moment
diagram

D
Deflected shape

81

Example 10
From the frame shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment
diagrams, and
qualitative deflected curve.
3m

20 kN/m
B

pin
C

3EI
3m

2EI
4m

4EI
A
D

82

 Overview

2EI

B and

3EI
3m

Unknowns

Boundary Conditions
4EI

4m

= 0

Equilibrium Conditions
A

- Joint B
[FEM]load

3m
MBA

MBC

0 : M BA M

BC

0(1*)

- Entire Frame

Fx 0 : 60 Ax D x 0 (2*)

83

 Slope-Deflection Equation
3m

B
3EI
wL /12 = 15

6 (2EI)/(3)
= 1.333EI

3m

C
1.5EI

2EI

4EI
wL /12 = 15

4m

6 (2EI)/(3) 2
A = 1.333EI

A
[FEM]load

6 (4EI)/(4) 2
= 1.5EI

(1/2)(1.5EI

0
D
4 ( 2 EI ) 2 ( 2 EI )
M AB

15 1 333 EI 1 333 EI B 15 1 333 EI ----------(1)
A
B

3
3
0
4 ( 2 EI )
M 2 ( 2 EI
2 667 EI 15 1 333 EI ----------(2)
B
BA

15 1 333 EI
)
A
B

3
3
3 EI
----------(3)
3 ( 3 EI
)
M BC 3
B
B
4
0
3(4
)
M
EI
0 75 EI
DC
D

0 75 EI

-------

---(4)
84

 Horizontal reactions
MAB
C
B
1.5 m

M 0 :
B

60 kN

4m

BA

AB

60 ( 1 5 )

A x 1 333 EI B 0 EI 30 ( 5 )
889

1.5 m
A
Ax
MBA

Dx
MDC

+ MC= 0:
( 6 )
M
D DC x 0 188
EI
4

85

Equilibrium Conditions

M
BA

M
60 A

BC

0 ( 1 *)

D 0 ( 2 *)
x

Equation of
moment

BA

BC

333 EI ( 1 )
333 EI ( 2 )

2 667 EI 15 1
B

3 EI

1 333 EI 1 077 EI 30 ( 8 )
B

From (7) and (8), solve equations;

B

( 3 )

MDC 0 75 EI ( 4 )

Horizontal reaction at
support
A 1 333 EI 0 889 EI 30
x

Substitute (2) and (3) in (1*)

5 667 EI B 1 333 EI 15 ( 7 )

Substitute (5) and (6) in (2*)

M AB 1 333 EI B 15
1
M

Solve equation

5 51
EI

5 51

Substitut B
e
and
Dx 0 188 EI
( 6 )

34 67
EI

34 67
EI

in ( 1 ) to ( 6 )

EI

( 5 )

MAB
MBA

MBC
MDC

53 87 kN m
16 52 kN m

16 52 kN m

26 0 kN m
Ax = 53.48 kN
Dx = 6.52 kN

86

3m
C

16.52 kNm

MAB 53 87 kN m
MBA 16 52 kN m
16 52 kN m

3m
53.87 kNm

4m

MBC 26 0 kN m
MDC

53.48 kN
A

5.55 kN

5.55 kN

26 kNm
6.52 kN

16.52
16.52

53.87
A

Ax = 53.48 kN
Dx = 6.52 kN

A
Moment diagram

26.
D

Deflected shape
D

87