~10- 8,L,D.6, 10-1/1 Insulation For economic reasons all auto-transformers and all star-connected windings of 132kV and above have graded insulation and must be solidly earthed, Star-connected windings of 88kV and below are partially graded and can be either earthed where this is required for other reasons (e.g. single-pole auto-reclosing) or left unearthed. The insulation level of the neutral end of the winding is able to withstand the maximum voltage resulting from a surge on one phase only (67% of the protection level held by the arresters normally connected in front of the transformer) but to allow for the possibility of an incoming surge on more than one phase, surge arresters as follows should be connected between the Star point and earth:~ Nominal voltage| Insulation level Woutral surge’ arrester rating of star |of neutral end winding ~ ky peak ng - AY, v P Rating Sparkoyer kV 88 250 80% 66 KV" 163 66 [ 250 80% 66 kV 163 44 | 200 | 100% 33 Kv" 101