Chapter 07 - Data Structures & Internal Tables

IBM Global Business Services
Data structures and Internal tables
Data Structure & Internal Tables |
Dec-2008
IBM Corporation 2013
Objectives
The participants will be able to:
Create a Structure in an ABAP Program
Create an Internal Table in an ABAP program
Populate an Internal Table with data
Read Database information into an Internal Table
Dec-2008
Data Structures
Structure
Internal Table
Address List
Address List
LN
FN
City
ST.
LN
FN
City
ST.
LN
FN
City
ST.
LN
FN
City
ST.
Dec-2008
Declaring a Structure - Method #1
REPORT YN1C0008.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
DATA: BEGIN OF ADDRESS,

FLAG TYPE C,
ID
TYPE TABNA-ID,
NAME1 TYPE TABNA-NAME1,
CITY TYPE TABNA-CITY,
END OF ADDRESS.
MOVE X
TO ADDRESS-FLAG.
MOVE 0001 TO ADDRESS-ID.
MOVE Smith TO ADDRESS-NAME1.
MOVE Philadelphia TO
ADDRESS- CITY.
WRITE: ADDRESS-FLAG,ADDRESS-ID.
ADDRESS-NAME1,ADDRESS-CITY
Basic Syntax:
DATA: BEGIN OF <name>
<field1> . . .
<field2> . . .
...
END OF <name>.
Address Structure
Flag
ID
Dec-2008
Name1
City
Declaring a Structure - Method #2

REPORT Yxxxxxxx.
Basic Syntax:
TYPES: BEGIN OF ADDR,
TYPES: BEGIN OF <name1>,

<field1> . . . ,
FLAG,
<field2> . . . ,
ID
TYPE EMPLOYEE-ID,
NAME1
TYPE EMPLOYEE-NAME1,
CITY
TYPE EMPLOYEE-CITY,
END OF <name1>.
DATA: <name2> TYPE
<name1>.
END OF ADDR.
DATA: ADDRESS TYPE ADDR.
MOVE:
... ,
X TO ADDRESS-FLAG,
00001 TO ADDRESS-ID,
Address Structure
Smith TO ADDRESS-NAME1,
Flag
ID
Name1
City
Philadelphia TO ADDRESS-CITY.
WRITE: ADDRESS-ID, ADDRESS-NAME1,
ADDRESS-CITY.
5
Dec-2008
Populating a Structure with Field-by-Field Transport

REPORT Y170DM37.
TYPES: BEGIN OF ADDRESS,
FLAG TYPE C,
ID
TYPE EMPLOYEE-ID,
NAME TYPE EMPLOYEE-NAME1,
CITY TYPE EMPLOYEE-CITY,
END OF ADDRESS.
DATA: ADDRESS TYPE ADDR.
DATA: WA_EMPL TYPE EMPLOYEE.
EMPLOYEE
ID
Name1
000000001
Address
Flag
City
Electronics Inc.
Waldorf
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE
TO ADDRESS.
ID
000000001
Name
City
Waldorf
Clear <f1>.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO

WA_EMPL.
ADDRESS-ID = WA_EMPL-ID.
ADDRESS-NAME = WA_EMPL-NAME.
ADDRESS-CITY = WA_EMPL-CITY.
WRITE: / ADDRESS-FLAG,
ADDRESS-ID, ADDRESS-NAME,
ADDRESS-CITY.
CLEAR: ADDRESS,WA_EMPL.
ENDSELECT.
6
Dec-2008
Demonstration
Declaring a structure and populating the structure with values inside a program.
Dec-2008
Practice
Declaring a structure and populating the structure with values inside a program.
Dec-2008
Internal Table Types

Standard
Sorted
Hashed
Dec-2008
Creating an Internal Table without a Header Line

The TYPES statement defines
the structure and data type for
the internal table and its work
area
REPORT Y170DM40.
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,
ID
TYPE ID,
NAME1
TYPE NAME1,
COUNTRY TYPE COUNTRY,

END OF EMP.
ID
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE
NAME1
COUNTRY
OF EMP,
EMPTAB_WA TYPE EMP.
Work Area
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO EMPTAB_WA.

APPEND EMPTAB_WA TO EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
10
APPEND <work area> to <EMPTAB>.
Dec-2008
Creating an Internal Table without a Header Line

REPORT Y170DM40.

the internal table and its work
area

ID
TYPE ID,
NAME1
TYPE NAME1,
The DATA statement with an

INITIAL SIZE creates the
actual internal table without a
header line. The DATA
statement without the INITIAL
SIZE creates the work area for
the internal table.
END OF EMP.

OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10,
EMPTAB_WA TYPE EMP.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.
Work Area
ID
NAME1
COUNTRY
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB_WA.

APPEND EMPTAB_WA TO EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
11
APPEND <work area> to <EMPTAB>.

Dec-2008
Internal Table without a Header Line WHY???
Separate Internal Table Work Area
Performance Issues
Nested Internal Tables
12
Dec-2008
Internal Table without a Header Line
EMPLOYEE
COUNTRY
ID
FORMA
ID
NAME1
NAME1
SORTL
COUNTRY
Work Area
13
. . .
Dec-2008
Internal Table without a Header Line

1
EMPLOYEE
COUNTRY
ID
FORMA
NAME1
SORT
. . .
USA
00000001 Company Baker Distributors BAKER
. . .
ID
NAME1
COUNTRY
00000001 Baker Distributors USA
ID
NAME1
COUNTRY
00000001 Baker Distributors USA
Work Area
1
2
3
.
.
.
10
14
Dec-2008
This work area

is not attached
to the body of
the internal
table.
Transferring ABAP Dictionary Table Structures
REPORT Y170DM41.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF
EMPLOYEE,
WA_EMP TYPE EMPLOYEE.
The internal table EMPTAB

will have the exact same
structure as the dictionary
table EMPLOYEE.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO WA_EMP.

MOVE WA_EMP TO EMPTAB.
APPEND WA_EMP TO EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
Notice the MOVE statement

instead of a MOVECORRESPONDING.
15
Dec-2008
Automatic Field Conversion

MOVE-CORRESPONDING or MOVE field to field
Individual field type conversion
MOVE
Structure to structure
Field to structure
Structure to field
16
Intermediate C type
Followed by adoption of new types
Dec-2008
Mass Reading from Database Tables into Internal Tables

REPORT Y170DM69.
SELECT * FROM <table> . . .

1. INTO TABLE <EMPTAB>.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF
EMPLOYEE.
2. APPENDING TABLE
<EMPTAB>.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO TABLE EMPTAB

WHERE COUNTRY = USA.
17
Notice no ENDSELECT is
needed here because no
loop processing occurs.
Dec-2008
Processing an Internal Table

REPORT Y170DM45.
COUNTRY
TYPE COUNTRY,
NAME1
TYPE NAME1,
SALES
TYPE SALES,
This LOOP AT <EMPTAB>

statement allows for a logical
expression in a WHERE clause
to limit the processing of the
internal table.
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP,
WA_EMP TYPE EMP
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO TABLE EMPTAB.
LOOP AT EMPTAB INTO WA_EMP WHERE COUNTRY BETWEEN A AND
D.
WRITE: / WA_EMP-COUNTRY, WA_EMP-NAME1,
WA_EMP-SALES.
CLEAR WA_EMP.
ENDLOOP.
IF SY-SUBRC NE 0.
WRITE: / NO ENTRIES.
ENDIF.
18
If no internal table
entries qualify under the
logical expression, the
statement within the
loop is not executed and
SY-SUBRC is set to 4.
Dec-2008
System Field SY-TABIX

REPORT Y170DM46.
NAME1
TYPE NAME1,
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP .
PARAMETERS:
START TYPE SY-TABIX DEFAULT 10,

END TYPE SY-TABIX DEFAULT 20.
Screen output

LOOP AT EMPTAB INTO WA_EMP FROM START TO END.
WRITE: / SY-TABIX, WA_EMP-COUNTRY, WA_EMP-NAME1.
SY-TABIX
ENDLOOP.
19
Dec-2008
Accumulating Data within an Internal Table

REPORT Y170DM43.
SALES
TYPE SALES,
END OF EMP.
WA_EMP TYPE EMP.
COLLECT <EMPTAB>.
Country
Sales
D
USA
GB
D
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO WA_EMP.

MOVE WA_EMP TO EMPTAB.
COLLECT WA_EMP INTO EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
LOOP AT EMPTAB INTO WA_EMP.
WRITE: / WA_EMP-COUNTRY, WA_EMPSALES.
ENDLOOP.
20
A
CH
D
F
GB
NL
NO
USA
HK
Dec-2008
400,000
1,000,000
500,000
7,800,000
Screen output
371,065.00
45,305.00
8,200,000.00
0.00
500,000.00
577,000.00
234.00
1,000,000.00
0.00
Sorting an Internal Table

REPORT Y170DM44.
NAME1
TYPE NAME1,
SALES
TYPE SALES,
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP ,
WA_EMP TYPE EMP.
Sorting options:
1) SORT <EMPTAB> - sorts the
entries of the internal table
<EMPTAB> in ascending
order.
2) SORT <EMPTAB> BY <field> sorts the table on one or more
fields within the table.

SORT EMPTAB BY SALES DESCENDING.
LOOP AT EMPTAB INTO WA_EMP.
WRITE: / WA_EMP-COUNTRY, WA_EMP-NAME1,
WA_EMP-SALES.
screen output
ENDLOOP.
21
Dec-2008
Creating an Internal Table with Header Line

REPORT Y170DM38.
ID
TYPE ID,
NAME1
TYPE NAME1,
END OF EMP.
OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH
HEADER LINE.

the internal table.
The DATA statement with an
INITIAL SIZE creates the
actual internal table capable
of storing data. Because of
the WITH HEADER LINE
addition, this internal table is
created with a header line.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO TABLE

EMPTAB.
Header Line
22
ID
Dec-2008
NAME1
COUNTRY
Internal Table Keys

Implicit Key
All character fields
Explicit Key
User-defined
e.g. WITH [ UNIQUE/NON-UNIQUE ] KEY FIELD1 FIELD2 ...
23
Dec-2008
Size of an Internal Table
24
Dec-2008
Control Level Processing

AT FIRST
AT NEW < field >
AT END < field >
AT LAST
25
Dec-2008
Reading a Single Table Entry

REPORT Y170DM47.
NAME1
TYPE NAME1,
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP.
READ TABLE .
26
Dec-2008
Reading a Single Table Entry - Options

READ TABLE <EMPTAB> options:
1) READ TABLE <EMPTAB>.
2) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH KEY <k1> = <v1>
<kn> = <vn>.
3) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH TABLE KEY <k1> = <v1> ...
<kn> = <vn>.
4) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH KEY = <value>.
5) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH KEY . . . BINARY SEARCH.
6) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.
7) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> COMPARING <f1> <f2> . . . .
8) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> COMPARING ALL FIELDS.
9) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> TRANSPORTING <f1> <f2> . . . .
10) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS.
27
Dec-2008
Maintaining Internal Tables

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
INSERT <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.

MODIFY <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.
DELETE <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.
READ TABLE EMPTAB INDEX 1.

MOVE ABC TO EMPTAB-NAME1.
MODIFY EMPTAB INDEX SY-TABIX.
IF SY-SUBRC NE 0.
WRITE / Attempt to modify failed..
ELSE.
WRITE: / EMPTAB-COUNTRY,
EMPTAB-NAME1.
ENDIF.
Check SY-SUBRC after

every attempt to change
an internal table entry.
INSERT EMPTAB INDEX 1.

DELETE EMPTAB INDEX SY-TABIX.
28
Dec-2008
Working with an Internal Table without a Header Line

APPEND <work area> TO <internal table>.
COLLECT <work area> INTO <internal table>.
INSERT <work area> INTO <internal table>.
MODIFY <internal table> FROM <work area>.
READ TABLE <internal table> INTO <work area>.
LOOP AT <internal table> INTO <work area>.
29
Dec-2008
Deleting an Internal Table

CLEAR <internal table>
Initialises the header line.
Internal table lines
remain unchanged.
REFRESH <internal table>

FREE <internal table>
Deletes all table lines.

Storage space is not
released.
Deletes all table lines.
Paging is released.
Storage space is
released.
Header line remains

unchanged.
30
Header line remains

unchanged
Dec-2008
Information about an Internal Table

REPORT Y170DM49.
NAME1
TYPE NAME1,
END OF EMP.
LINE_COUNT TYPE I,
INITIAL_COUNT TYPE I.
DESCRIBE TABLE <internal table>

LINES <var1>
OCCURS <var2>.

DESCRIBE TABLE EMPTAB
LINES LINE_COUNT
OCCURS INITIAL_COUNT.
WRITE: / lines:, LINE_COUNT,
/ occurs:, INITIAL SIZE_COUNT.
screen output
31
Dec-2008
Calling the SAP Table Editor

REPORT Y170DM50.
COUNTRY
TYPE COUNTRY,
NAME1
TYPE NAME1,
END OF EMP,
DATA:
EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP ,

WA_EMP TYPE EMP.

EDITOR-CALL FOR EMPTAB.
CHECK SY-SUBRC EQ 0.
LOOP AT EMPTAB INTO WA_EMP WHERE NAME1 EQ Maurice Cheeks.
WRITE: / WA_EMP-COUNTRY, WA_EMP-NAME1.
ENDLOOP.
IF SY-SUBRC NE 0.
WRITE: / No records..
ENDIF.
screen output
32
Dec-2008
Demonstration
Declaring an internal table, populating it by selecting data from the table and then
looping into it and displaying the data fetched.
33
Dec-2008
Practice
Declaring an internal table, populating it by selecting data from the table and then
looping into it and displaying the data fetched.
34
Dec-2008
Summary
Structures in code are temporary objects in program memory.
A structure can be defined using a combination of the TYPES and DATA
statements.
The statement MOVE-CORRESPONDING transports values field by field
between the ABAP data structures.
Internal table, that can store records of data temporarily during the
processing of a program.
3 different types of internal tables: Standard, Sorted, and Hashed.
An internal table object is created with the DATA statement by referring to an
internal table type using the TYPE parameter
APPEND statement adds the contents of the work area to the internal table.
The system field SY-TABIX is set to the line number of the entry read.
35
Dec-2008
Summary (Contd.)
The CLEAR statement resets all fields to their initial value.
The REFRESH statement deletes all table lines.
The FREE statement releases the storage space required for a table.
36
Dec-2008
Questions
What is a Structure?
What is an internal table?
What are the different types of internal tables are there?
Explain the following statements :
Move corresponding
Append
Clear
Refresh
Free.
37
Dec-2008

Chapter 07 - Data Structures & Internal Tables

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Chapter 07 - Data Structures & Internal Tables

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IBM Global Business Services

Data structures and Internal tables

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

Declaring a Structure - Method #1

DATA: BEGIN OF ADDRESS,

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

Declaring a Structure - Method #2

TYPES: BEGIN OF ADDR,

TYPES: BEGIN OF <name1>,

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

Populating a Structure with Field-by-Field Transport

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

Internal Table Types

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

Creating an Internal Table without a Header Line

COUNTRY TYPE COUNTRY,

DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO EMPTAB_WA.

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

APPEND <work area> to <EMPTAB>.

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

Creating an Internal Table without a Header Line

The TYPES statement defines

TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,

COUNTRY TYPE COUNTRY,

The DATA statement with an

DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.

MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB_WA.

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

APPEND <work area> to <EMPTAB>.

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services

Internal Table without a Header Line WHY???

Separate Internal Table Work Area

Nested Internal Tables

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

IBM Corporation 2013

IBM Global Business Services