PRACTICAL NO: 4

AIM: To perform parallel operation and polarity test of two single phase transformer.

APPARATURS:
Sr.
No.

Apparatus

Range

Quantity

Wattmeter

300V, 10A

01

Voltmeter

0-300 Volt

02

Ammeter

05 A

02

Ammeter

10 A

01

Lamp load

1phase 5KW,230V

01

THEORY:
The two transformers to be connected in parallel should be connected in a manner that their
primary and secondary have the same polarities. This can be accomplished by conducting a
polarity test.

PROCEDURE:
1. Polarity check:
The two transformers to be connected in parallel should be connected in a manner that their
primary and secondary have the same polarities. This can be accomplished by conducting a
polarity test -for which the transformers should be connected as shown in Fig.:1
The test is conducted as follows:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig.:1
2. Switch on the supply.
3. Note the reading in the voltmeter connected on the secondary side. It may be either zero
or twice the secondary terminal voltage.
4. If the volt meter reads double the secondary voltage, then in the secondary opposite
polarities have been connected. Then the terminal S1 should be connected to S'2 and S'1
should be connected to S2.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig.:-1

Fig.:-2

2. PARALLEL OPERATION OF TWO SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMERS FOR

EQUALVOLTAGE RATIO:
1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram shown in fig.:-2. Ensure that the two
secondary have been connected properly as per polarity determined in part (1).
2. With S2open, close the switch S1. If the voltage ratio of the two transformers is same no
circulating current would be observed. But, if some circulating current is observed,
means that the voltage ratio is not equal. Record the reading of this circulating current.
3. Next, switch S2, on the secondary side should be closed.
4. Change the position of load. For various positions of the load, note the readings of all the
instruments connected.
5. Switch off the load in steps. Open the switch S2 and then open the switch Sl.

OBSERVATIONS:
The observations made above should be recorded in a tabular form as shown below:
Sr.

VL

IL

No.

Volt

Ampere

Measured Values
I1 (Amp.)

I2 (Amp.)

Calculated Values
I1 (Amp.)

I2 (Amp.)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

CALCULATION:

Z2
I1 I l *
Z1 Z 2
Here,
Z1&Z2 are the secondary impedances of the two transformers.

Z1
I 2 Il *
Z1 Z 2

Load shared by 1st transformer is

Z2
S1 Sl *
Z1 Z 2
Load shared by 2nd transformer is

Z1
S 2 Sl *
Z1 Z 2
Where

Sl

is load rating i.e

Sl V2 I l

GRAPH:
Plot the graph of IL versus I1 and I2.

Conclusion: