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11Maths_1 ATAR
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Mr F. Li
Wed 18th Feb 2015
ST1 W3

Lession Plan 1 Intro Trigonometry.nb

Prerequisite
It is very important for all of you to master the prerequisite knowledge prior to Trigonometry.
Algebra
Number Sets, N, Z, Q, Q, R, C
Arithematics of Real Number R
Coordinates
Polynomials e.g. Expanding (a + b)2, (a + b)3, (a + b)n ; Factoring, a2 - b2 ,a3 + b3, a3 - b3,
Functions e.g. DefN, Variables (Independ & Depend), Graph, Domains, Ranges, Inverse
Function, Linear Function, Quartic Function, Cubic Function, Multivariable Functions etc
Geometry
Line, Ray, Line Segment
Angle
Triangle
Qudrangle
Circle / Unit Circle

Lession Plan 1 Intro Trigonometry.nb

Learning Objectives

Importance of Trigonometry
Understanding Angle and its unique properties
Definition of Three Trgonometric Functions in Right Triangle
Unit Circle
Side length of a right triangle a = c Sin A; b = c Cos A; c 2 = a 2 + b
Area of triangle = 21 bc Sin A

Summary

Importance of Trigonometry
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1.0

0.5

-2

-1

-0.5

-1.0

Trigonometry is important because it is an excellent simulation of wave motions in nature.

Wave motion is a disturbance that moves from place to place in some medium, carrying energy
with it such as:
Water Waves in ocean
Earthquakes on earth
Radio waves in atmosphere
Sound waves in air
Radiation in outer space i.e. Electromagnetic radiation to detect extraterrestrial life

Lession Plan 1 Intro Trigonometry.nb

Waves in real life are characterised by its own Frequency, Amplitude, Phase

Angle and Its Unique Properties

Angle is formed by two rays OX and OP that intersects at the Vertex. The rays are called the sides
of the angle. OX is the initial side. OP is the terminal side.
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Two unique properties of an Angle

The size of an angle cant be zoomed in and out.
The property of angle is periodic so it cant increase infinitely.
Narrowly defined angle 0\[RawEscape]<
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180 is our focus at this stage so we can examine angel in
triangle particularly the right triangle

Definition in Right Triangle

DefN of Sine, Cosine and Tangent for a Narrowly Defined Angle 0<<180
The angle A =
Sin =

Opposite
Hypotenuse

Cos =

Adjacent
Hypotenuse

Lession Plan 1 Intro Trigonometry.nb

Tan =

Opposite
Adjacent

Three Sides of a Right Triangle

Hypotenuse (the longest side in a right triangle)
Opposite side w.r.t the angle
Adjacent Side w.r.t the angle
The first property of an Angle states that Angle cant be zoomed in and out.
The Side lengths are trivial to the measurement of an angle
What maters in the Ratios of 2 sides

Ratios to measure and assess the properties of an angle

Trigonometric Functions are the

=
=
=

=
=
=

=
=
=

hypotenuse

opposite

A
-1

adjacent

Unit Circle
Two reasons to introduction Unit Circle
To extend from Narrowly Defined Angle (0<<180) in a triangle to General Angle - <
<+
To introduce Radian e.g.

2 rad

vs 360 (degree)

Unit Circle: r= 1; L = 2; A =

DefN of sine, cosine and tangent in the unit circle

Two points on the unit circle are symmetrical to y axis: P 1(x, y) and P2(-x, y)
XOP1=P1 = ; XOP2 = P2 = 180-
DefN of sine cosine and tangent in the unit cirlce comes from the right triangle
OP1 D1 and the coordinate of P1(x, y)

Lession Plan 1 Intro Trigonometry.nb

Sin =

Opposite
y
=
Hypotenuse r = y

Cos =

Adjacent
x
Hypotenuse = r = x

Tan =

Opposite y
= ; the gradient of the line OP1
Adjacent x

In the right triangle OP2 D2 and P2(- x, y):

Sin (180- ) =

Opposite
y
=
Hypotenuse r = y = Sin

Cos (180- ) =

Adjacent
-x
Hypotenuse = r = -x = - Cos

Tan (180- ) =

Opposite
y
y
=
=x = - Tan
Adjacent -x

Summary

For supplement angles:

( + = 180)

For complementary angles?

( + = 90)

Sin (180- ) = Sin

Sin (90- ) = ?

Cos (180- ) = - Cos

Cos (90- ) = ?

Tan (180- ) = - Tan

Tan (90- ) = ?

Unit Cricle from Mathematica Document centre:

http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/RelationshipOfSineAndCosineToTheUnitCircle/

1
,

30

-x

Solve the side length in a right triangle

Lession Plan 1 Intro Trigonometry.nb

Sin =

Opposite
Hypotenuse

Cos =

Adjacent
Hypotenuse

Tan =

Opposite
Adjacent

E.g. 1 C = 90 , A = 30 a = 3 m, Solve the triangle?

E.g. 2 C = 90 , a = 2.5 cm, b = 4.5 m, solve the triangle?

E.g. 3 C = 90, A = 32.14', b = 3.14 mm

3.1 solve the triangle?
3.2 solve the area of the triangle?
3.3 solve perimetre of the triangle?
Sin B
3.4 solve Sin B, Cos B, Tan B, Cos
and observe if Tan B =
B

Sin B
?
Cos B

3.5 solve Sin A, compared with Cos B what do you find for complementary angles?
3.6 solve Sin2A + Cos 2A, Sin2B + Cos 2B, what do you find ?
3.7 given the summary of below equations:

Lession Plan 1 Intro Trigonometry.nb

Tan =

Sin
?

Sin2 + Cos 2 = ?

Sin ? Cos if + = 90

Solve the area of any triangle

Reminder: Dont memorise the formula: Area of triangle =
Do need to remember Area of triangle =

1
2

1
2

bc Sin A

height Base

Always draw your own triangle with correct labeling to solve the question.

E.g. 1 A = 30 , b = 2.5 cm, solve the area of triangle?

Lession Plan 1 Intro Trigonometry.nb

E.g. 2 ACB =15, CBD =55, A = 30 , a = 4.5 m, solve the area of triangle?

E.g. 3 ABC =135 , A= 20, BD = 2.5 cm, solve the area of triangle?

Summary
DefN sine, cosine and tangent in right triangle and unit circle with coordinates of P(x,y)
Sin =

Opposite
y
=
Hypotenuse
r =y

Cos =

Adjacent
x
Hypotenuse = r = x

10

Lession Plan 1 Intro Trigonometry.nb

Tan =

Tan =

Opposite y
=
x
Adjacent

Sin
Cos

Sin2 + Cos 2 = 1
For supplement angles ( + = 180):
Sin (180- ) = Sin
Cos (180- ) = - Cos
Tan (180- ) = - Tan
For supplement angles ( + = 90):
Sin (90- ) = Cos
Cos (90- ) = Sin
Tan (90- ) = Cot