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CONSTRUCCIN DE MODELOS MATEMTICOS
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CONSTRUCCIN DE MODELOS MATEMTICOS

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CONSTRUCCIN DE MODELOS MATEMTICOSTrabajo Colaborativo No. 01EstudiantesJUAN

CARLOS VELASCO LOPEZCdigo 94326488Grupo: 183Tutor de Curso:Mtodos
DeterminsticosUniversidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia UNADECBTI2011

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INTRODUCCIN
Cada da que pasa nos vemos obligados a tomar decisiones que tomaran el rumbode
situaciones establecidas en el objetivo de extender o mermar impactos positivoso
negativos para la decisin en cuestin.Es por ello que es necesaria la
aplicacin de los mtodos determinsticos o laconstruccin de modelos, pues
ellos nos permiten representar las situaciones paradefinir por medio de datos,
restricciones y variables, que luego nos arrojaran lasrespuestas ms asertivas
para conseguir el objetivo planteado. A travs del siguiente trabajo, podremos
estudiar los pasos a seguir para laconstruccin adecuada de un modelo
matemtico, lo cual se pondr en prctica enel ejemplo aplicativo.

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OBJETIVOS
y
Identificar, conocer e interiorizar los pasos para construir un modelo
matemtico.
y
Formular ejemplos de modelos matemticos teniendo en cuenta cada uno de lospasos
para su construccin.

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DESARROLLO DE ACTIVIDADES
y
Elaborar un mapa conceptual en donde explique claramente los pasos aseguir en la
construccin de un modelo matemtico
Los pasos a seguir son
Construccin de unmodelo matemticoDefinicin del problemaRecoleccin y proceso
dedatos empricosFormulacin delmodelo matemticoEspecificacin de
unmodeloFormulacin de un programa computacionalAnlisis de validesSeleccin de
variables ms relevantes aincluir y de las interrelaciones entre ellas,dando

como resultado un modelo de carcter Expresin en trminos matemticos de

lasrelaciones entre variables con lo que se obtieneun modelo con caacidad
oerativaFormulacin precisa del problema ydeclaracin de los
objetivosRecoleccin de la informacincuantitativa, los datos se ubicaranen
forma significativa, para que
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EJEMPLO DE CONSTRUCCIN DEL MODELO MATEMTICODefinicin del problema:

D
os talleres de ebanistera y carpintera, que producenpuertas de madera, las
cuales son sometidos a un proceso de terminado dePrimera, segunda y tercera
clase, siendo el de primera el ms costoso y que mstiempo requiere. Los
talleres han firmado un contrato con una constructora en dondese comprometen a
proveer cada semana 80 puertas de primera para las entradas alos apartamentos,
240 puertas de segunda para las habitaciones y 160 de terceraclase para los
baos. Cada uno de los talleres emplea diferentes procesos desecado; uno utiliza
el secado artificial y el otro el secado natural, as mismodiferentes procesos
de pintura y acabado de la puerta: Uno utiliza pintura con pistolay el otro con
brocha.
Recoleccin de datos:
Taller Costo por da(miles de pesos)Produccin de puertas por daPrimera Clase
Segunda Clase Tercera ClaseGuty 180 3 4 6Lanys 160 1 1 6
Cuntos das a la semana debera operar cada taller para cumplir el contrato
con laconstructora?
F
ormulacin del modelo matemtico:
D
efinir las variables, restricciones y elobjetivo
Variables:

Representan las decisiones que puede tomar la empresa:

D
x = nmero de das a la semana que el taller Guty produce
D
y= nmero de das a la semana que el taller Lanys produceNotar que
D
x
u
0 y
D
y
u
0
Restricciones:
Se recomienda primero plantear las restricciones con palabras antesde pasar a su
formulacin matemtica.Restriccin 1. Refleja el balance entre las limitaciones
productivas del taller y elcontrato con la constructoraPrimera Clase: 3
D
x+1
D
y
u
80; Primera Clase: 4
D
x+1
D
y
u
240; PrimeraClase:6
D
x+6

D
y
u
160Restriccin 2.
D
as de trabajo disponibles a la semana;
D
x
e
6 y
D
y
e
6
Objetivo:
Como objetivo buscamos minimizar el coste
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Especificacin del modelo:

La representacin completa del problema tomara lasiguiente forma:Minimizar 180

D
x+150
D
yS.a.3
D
x+1
D
y
u
804
D
x+1
D
y
u
2406
D
x+6
D
y
u
2160
D
x
e
6,
D
y
e
6

D
x
u
0,
D
y
u
0
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CONCLUSIONES
y
La construccin de modelos muestra, relaciones que no son evidentes a
primeravista. Lo cual se logra con el mejor conocimiento que se adquiere cuando
seempieza a modelar, es decir, cuando mejor se va conociendo la realidad
delfenmeno que se intenta representar.
y
Una vez construido el modelo matemtico, es viable extraer de l propiedades
ycaractersticas de las relaciones entre los elementos que de otra
formacontinuaran ocultas.Tambin, es posible representar entornos complejos que
no son aceptables enotro tipo de modelos, y no slo es posible ese modelo, sino
tambin la deresolucin del mismo, aunque no sea una solucin analtica sino
numrica
BIBLIOGRA
F
IA

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GUZMN A., Gloria L., Mdulo Mtodos

D
eterminsticos, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a
D
istancia UNA
D
. Bogot, 2010.
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