Industry and Inventions

Industrial Revolution
Manufacturing of the
18th century
Hand tools and
small-scale
manufacturing

Agriculture centered
economy pushed by
the DemocraticRepublicans
Technology
innovations create a
shift toward largescale production

Technology Revolution
Spinning jenny
Produces many spools of yarn at once

Water frame
Power machines in factories

Power loom
Wove & pressed thread into cloth

Advances made it possible for any

unskilled workers to produce cloth
Patent Law
Passed to protect rights of inventors

Factory System

Workers and
machines together
under one roof
First appeared in
New England
Samuel Slater

First successful waterpowered textile mill

Soil was very poor &

difficult to farm

Economic Growth
Economic system allowed
competition
Minimum government
interference

Free Enterprise
Competition, profit, private
property, & economic
freedom

Many people invested in

industry during the War of
1812
Businessmen built
factories and grew
wealthy

ECHNOLOGY INNOVATION
Factories did many
tasks in one place
Increase efficiency

Interchangeable parts
Made each part of a
manufactured item
exactly alike
Reduced goods prices
Became the industry
standard

Impact on Cities

Industrial cities grew the

quickest
Most were on rivers
Needed water power
New England had many fastflowing rivers

City disadvantages
Waste disposal was an issue
Threat of disease

Fires were a constant threat

Overcrowded living conditions

City advantages
Libraries, museums, shops
Jobs & attractions outweighed
the dangers

Lowell Mills
Francis Cabot Lowell builds a
factory in Mass

Figured out how to work power looms in England

(stole the technology like Samuel Slater)
Factory was so successful he built a
factory town called Lowell

The Lowell Mills

Lowell mills employed farm girls

Girls lived in company-owned boardinghouses
Worked 12 hour days

Girls came because of high wages

Between $2 - $4 a week
Some men making that in factories

Older women supervised the girls

Enforced strict rules

The rise in steam powered factories forced the

mills to close (and others like them who used
water power)

Transportation Revolution
Robert Fulton creates boat
powered by steam to transport
people quicker
Used commercially to transport people up the
Hudson River from New York City to upstate New
York
Roads built to connect
cities
States charged tolls or fees to
drive on streets of crushed stone
Samuel Morse creates the telegraph, a machine which sends short
pulses of electricity along a wire that could be translated into letters
The telegraph took seconds to communicate to someone in another city

Agricultural
Revolution
John Deere
Blacksmith by trade
Invents a lightweight plow with a steel cutting
edge
Designed for rich and heavy Midwestern soil

Cyrus McCormick
Invents a mechanical reaper to cut ripe grain

Threshing machine
Separated kernels of wheat from the husks

New farm equipment opened new markets

to grow food

Industrial Revolutions Key Inventions

Person

Invention

Date

James Watt

First reliable Steam Engine

1775

Samuel Slater

First successful American textile mill

1793

Eli Whitney

Cotton Gin, Interchangeable parts for muskets

1793, 1798

Robert Fulton

Regular Steamboat service on the Hudson River

1807

Francis Cabot Lowell

First American textile mill to convert raw cotton to finished cloth in

one building

1813

Peter Cooper

American-made locomotive powered by steam

1830

Samuel F. B. Morse

Telegraph

1836

Elias Howe

Sewing Machine

1844

Isaac Singer

Improves and markets Howe's Sewing Machine

1851

Cyrus Field

Transatlantic Cable

1866

Alexander Graham Bell

Telephone

1876

Thomas Edison

Phonograph, Incandescant Light Bulb

1877, 1879

Nikola Tesla

Induction Electric Motor

1888

Rudolf Diesel

Diesel Engine

1892

Orville and Wilbur Wright

First Manned Airplane

1903

Henry Ford

Model T Ford, Assembly Line

1908, 1913