DNA Test Review

DNA basics

Molecule of heredity
Contains deoxyribose
Sugar phosphate backbone, nitrogen bases
Nucleic Acid (made of nucleotides)
Double Helix 2 strands twisted around each
other
Chargaffs Rule

A=T

G=C

Storage

DNA wrapped around

proteins = histones

DNA + Histones =
Chromatin

Franklin and Wilkins

Watson and Crick

Replication
Happens during Interphase
Occurs in Nucleus
Replication Fork
Helicase unwinds/unzips
DNA Polymerase adds nitrogen bases
End result = 2 identical strands of DNA

Central Dogma of Biology

RNA
carries
DNAs
instructions.

The central dogma

states that
information flows in
one direction from
DNA to RNA to
proteins.

RNA

Single stranded
Ribonucleic Acid
Contains Ribose
Uracil instead of
Thymine
A=U G=C

Three types of RNA

Messenger RNA (mRNA) created during

transcription. Carries message from nucleus

to cytoplasm.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) - transfers a specific
active amino acid to a growing protein chain
on a ribosome during protein synthesis.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) on ribosome.
Provides a mechanism for decoding mRNA
into amino acids

Transcription
Happens in Nucleus
DNA copied into mRNA

DNA to RNA - Transcription

DNA cannot leave the nucleus, so it must copy its

message to messenger RNA (mRNA).

mRNA then goes from nucleus to the ribosomes in

cytoplasm.

mRNA nucleotide triplicates are known as codons

Only 3 nucleotide letters long
Ex: AUG, CCG, UAC

Remember RNA has uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)!

Translation
mRNA is translated into amino acids
Happens in Ribosome (in cytoplasm)
Codon = 3 base sequence
tRNA carries Amino Acids into place

Questions?