LTE

Patrick Urgento
Sr Systems Engineer

What is LTE

Specification managed by 3GPP organization

3rd Generation Partnership Project
Scope to create global 3G spec based on GSM architecture
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telephone System) Rel 99
HSPDA (High Speed Download Packet Access) Rel 5
HSPUA (Upload Access) Rel 6
HSPA+ Rel 7, enhancements in Rel 8-10
New LTE specification in Release 8, 4G Scope

What is 4G?

4th Generation of Mobile communications

First Gen Analog, AMPS
2G, Digital, IncreaseVoice Capacity- TDMA, GSM & 1xRTT
3G High Speed Data; EVDO, UMTS, HSPA

ITU defines 4G as 100 Mbps mobile, 1 Gbps stationary

LTE-Advanced & WiMax 2.0 4G certified, theoretically capable
Realistic? Nokia lab demo w/ 8 antennas, 60 MHz & 1 user
Market 4G defined as ~10X 3G or 5-10+ Mbps
Current gen WiMax, LTE & HSPA+

LTE Multiplexing

1G: FDMA 1 user, 1 channel, 30kHz, add channels for more users
2G: CDMA or TDMA, 200 kHz to 1.25 MHz
3G: CDMA & TDMA hybrid
1.25 to 5 MHz channels
1.2288 to 3.84 MSps
4G: LTE & WiMax = OFDM
Slow down symbol rates, use multiple orthogonal frequencies
15kHz channels Orthogonally spaced. 15 kSps
802.11 A,G,N & HDTV all use OFDM

LTE Channel Sizes

2G; GSM= 200 kHz, 1xRTT = 1.25 MHz

3G; HSPA = 5 MHz, EVDO = 1.25 MH
Wasted spectrum
Guard bands between carriers or left
Leftover spectrum unused Holdings
LTE is Flexible Channel Size
1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 or 20 Mhz
~100 subcarriers per MHz (128, 256, 512, 1024, 1536 or 2048)
Subcarriers are 15 kHz

LTE Releases
Release 8
Initial LTE release
Up to 4x4 MIMO
Release 9
Minor enhancements
Currently built out by VZ, ATT & S
Release 10, LTE Advanced
2013 Commercial Availability
Channel bonding up to 5X
8x8 MIMO, SON

Voice & LTE

LTE is a data focused technology, 3GPP never specified voice
CSFB-Circuit Switched Fall Back
Use 2G/3G technology to carry Voice, 1xRTT,UMTS, HSPA
SVLTE, Simultaneous Voice and LTE, uses extra power
Currently deployed
VoLTE- Carrier controlled COS VoIP with IMS interconnection
Efficient Cellular codecs, IMS transcodes to SIP or PSTN
Widely agreed upon, most likely future
OTT (Over the Top), Skype, Vonage, etc
No Quality of Service, inefficient codecs

WIIFM?
How fast is it? Depends?
Channel size, Carrier Bonding, MIMO
Network Load -> Pricing
Signal Strength more important than ever
What does it do for me?
Greasy Fast Speed!!!
Wireline performance, latency, throughput
More applications, More operational users
Better Video Communications (Surveillance, Training, Service)
Consolidate Voice, VoIP, SIP