s>Si[Fn drKiAt

Di[. jgd)p si[nvN[

ISBN
Title
Author
Year
Edition
Vol
Publisher

978-81-925192-2-7
Sansodhan Drakhast
Dr. Jagdip Sonwane
2013
First
www.edupublication.com
Dr. J. R. Sonwane
Department of Education
M. K. Bhavnagar University,
Bhavnagar
INDIA
Contact
edupublication@gmail.com
Price
Free
Pages
80
Subject
Educational Technology
Language Gujarati

This book can be downloaded free of cost from

www.edupublication.com

s>Si[Fn p\(k\yi miT[ s>Si[Fn drKiAt t]yir

krv) a[ K*b j mh_vn&> an[ piyin&> GTk C[.
s>Si[Fn drKiAt t]yir krvini kirN[
s>Si[Fk s>Si[Fn a>g[n) (dSi, h[t&ai[,
p\(k\yi

tYi

s>Si[Fn

s>b>(Ft

bibti[Y) Avy> p(r(ct Yiy C[ an[

ayn[ t[n) mi(ht) aip[ C[.
p\At&t p&Atk ai h[t&n[ k[Wmi>
riK)n[ t]yir krvimi> aiy&> C[.
p\At&t

p&Atkmi>

s>Si[{Fn

drKiAtni (vBigi[, si[pini[, l[Kn, s>Si[Fn

drKiAtni j*di-j*di (vBigni m*yi>kn miT[ni
mipd>Di[

tYi s>Si[Fn drKiAtni nm*ni

dSi<vvimi> aiyi C[. aiSi C[ k[ p\At&t p\yRn

s>Si[Fn x[#ini (vwiY)<ai[n[ upyi[g) Ye rh[S[.

hi[L), mic<, 2013

- jgd)p si[nvN[

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
k\m

S)P<k

pini n>br

1.

s>Si[Fn drKiAtni (vBigi[

2.

s>Si[Fn drKiAtni si[pini[

s>Si[Fn x[#ii[

s>Si[Fn drKiAt m*yi>kn mipd>D

s>Si[Fn drKiAtni[ p(rcyiRmk

(vBig

20

s>Si[Fn p\ni[ni vg)<krN miT[

(Dli[nn) yi[jni

36

p\Ativnin&> aiyi[jn

43

nm*ni$p p\Ativ -1

50

nm*ni$p p\Ativ -2

64

10 nm*ni$p p\Ativ -3

72

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
s>Si[Fn drKiAtni si[pini[
s>Si[Fn drKiAtn[ simiy r)t[ b[ (vBigi[mi> vh[>c) Skiy C[.
{1} p(rcyiRmk (vBig (Introductory Section)
ai (vBigmi> s>Si[Fnn) smAyi - p(rcyn[ lgt) bibti[ni[ smiv[S
Yiy C[. j[ n)c[ p\miN[ C[.
1

S)P<k

(Title)

smAyikYn

(Statement of the Problem)

s>b>(Ft si(hRyn) sm)xi

(Review of Related
Literature)

s>Si[Fnn&> x[#i

(Area of Research)

ayisni h[t&ai[

(Objectives of the Study)

uRkpniai[ k[ ayis p\i[ (Hypotheses or Study

Questions)

ayisn) aY<s*ckti

(Significance of the Study)

ayisn) x[#i myi<diai[

(Delimitations of the
Study)

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
{2} s>Si[Fnni[ kiy< p(t (vBig ( Method Section)
s>Si[Fn drKiAtni ai b)ji (vBigmi> n)c[n) bibti[ni[ smiv[S
Yiy C[.
9

yip(vV an[ nm*ni[

(Population and Sample)

10 upkrNi[

(Tools)

11 s>Si[Fn p(t

(Method of Research)

12 pZYrN p\(v(F

( Analysis Procedure)

13 smy aiyi[jn

( Time Schedule)

14 ai(Y<k Kc<n&> aiyi[jn

(Budget)

15 s>dB<s*(c

( Refrences)

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
s>Si[Fn x[#i:
a[m. b). b&c {1987} a[ (SxNni 17 j[Tli x[#ii[ ni[>yi C[.
NCERT(2000) Fifth Survey of Research in
Education mi> 38 j[Tli s>Si[Fn x[#ii[ dSi<yi C[. j[ n)c[ m&jb
C[.

k\m

s>Si[Fn x[#ii[

k\m

s>Si[Fn x[#ii[

1.

BiPi (SxN

20.

g(Nt (SxN

2.

(SxNn&> t_vXin

21.

(SxN an[ airi[y (SxN

3.

(SxNn&> smijSiA#i

22.

n](tk kli an[ si]>dy<(SxN

4.

(SxNni[ e(this

23.

S]x(Nk T[kni[l(j

5.

(SxNn&> aY<SiA#i

24.

ayipn p\y&(t

6.

(SxNn&> mni[(vXin

25.

(SxN - p\(SxN

7.

min(sk AviAy

26.

yivsi(yk an[ tk`(nk) (SxN

8.

min(sk p\(k\yiai[

27.

(v(SOT (SxN

9.

simi(jk p\(k\yiai[

28.

d*rvt)< (SxN

10. p\[rNi

29.

p\i]Q, (nr>tr an[ av](Fk (SxN

11. sj<niRmkti an[ ni(vy

30.

lG&mt), an&s*(ct ji(t an[

an&s*(ct jnji(tn&> (SxN

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
12. mig<dSn an[ slihdS<n

31.

kyiai[ an[ A#i)ai[n&> (SxN

13. ayisk\m (vkis

32.

vst) (SxN

14. p*v< p\iY(mk (SxN

33.

pyi<vrN

15. p\iY(mk (SxN

34.

t&lniRmk (SxN

16. miy(mk (SxN

35.

S]x(Nk pr)xN an[ m*yi>kn

17. uc_ir miy(mk (SxN

36.

S]x(Nk aiyi[jn an[ n)(t(vPyk

s>Si[Fn

18. simi(jk (vXin (SxN

37.

(s(

19. (vXin (SxN

38.

S]x(Nk vh)vT an[ s>ciln

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
s>Si[Fn drKiAt m*yi>kn mipd>D

1. S)P<k

2. mi]l)kti/
nv)nti
3. upyi[(gti

4. ayisni
h[t&ai[
5. uRkpni /
p\i[

s>yiRmk
m*yi>kn
(nn

as>ti[Pkirk

simiy

g&NiRmk m*yi>kn
s>tiPkirk

m*yi>kn
miT[
yinmi>
riKvin)
bibti[

~[Oq

k\m m*yi>knni[
GTk

k&l m[Lv[
g& l
N g&N

ayisn&>
x[#i,
prt>#i
cl,
Avt>#i
cl,
pi#ii[n&>
Av$p
n)
rj*ait
ayisni
(vPyn&>
ni(vy
ayisn)
yvhi(rk
k[ s]i>(tk
(OTa[
upyi[(gti
ApOTti
an[
ci[ksie
srLti
an[
ckisN)n)
Syti

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
uRkpni /
p\i[ni[ h[t&
siY[ni[
s>b>F

uRkpni /
p\i[ni[
s>Si[Fnni
h[t&
siY[ni[
s>b>F
6. yvhi(rk ayismi>
yiyiai[ smi(vOT
cli[ tYi
agRyni
pdi[n[
mip)
Skiy tYi
avli[k)
Skiy t[vi
Av$pmi>
aY<n)
ApOTti
7. myi<diai[ ayisn)
x[#i
myi<di
tYi
s>B(vt
uNpi[n)
ApOTti
8. s>b>(Ft
p*v[< Yy[l
s>Si[Fni[ni[ s>b>(Ft
ul[K
s>Si[Fni[n
i[ ul[K

10

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
9. p\At&t
s>Si[Fnn)
(vS[Pti

10 s>Si[Fn
. p(t

11 s>Si[Fn
. p(tn)
rj*ait

12 s>Si[Fn
. x[#i

13 yip(vV
.

p*v[< Yy[l
s>Si[Fni[n
i ul[Kn[
aiFir[
p\At&t
s>Si[Fnn&>
aigvip
N&>,
(vS[Pti
upyi[gmi>
l[vinir
s>Si[Fn
p(tn&>
ai](cRy
upyi[gmi>
l[vinir
s>Si[Fn
p(tn)
rj*ait
s>Si[Fn
x[#in)
ApOTti
s>B(vt
yip(vV
ni[ p(rcy
t[mj
kdn)
rj*ait

11

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
14 nm*ni
. ps>dg)n)
p(t
15 nm*ni
. ps>dg)n)
rj*ait

16 upkrN
.

17 upkrNn)
. (vgt

12

nm*ni
ps>dg)n)
p(tn&>
ai](cRy
yip(vV
n&>
p\(t(n(FR
v p*rvir
krvi miT[
(v(vF
lxNi[ni>
s>dB<mi>
nm*nini[
p(rcy
ps>d
krvimi>
aivnir
upkrNn)
u(ctti
upkrNn)
rcni/
t]yir
upkrNni[
Av)kir,
(vVvsn)
yti,
p\miNB*t
ti vg[r[n)
(vgt

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
18 pZYrN
. p\y&(t

19 smy
. aiyi[jn

20 Kc<
. aiyi[jn

21 s>dB< s*(c
.

22 smg\ Cip
.

p*v<Srti[n
i s>dB<mi>
ps>d
krvimi>
aivnir
pZYrN
p\y&(tn)
u(ctti
dSiv[l
smy
aiyi[jn
n&> ai](cRy
dSi<v[l
Kc<
aiyi[jn
n&> ai](cRy
s>b>(Ft
s>dBi[<n)
p(tsr
an[
(vgtvir
yid)
rj&
kriy[l
m&iai[n)
s&s>gtti

13

s>Si[Fn drKiAt

smAyi ps>dg)ni m*lki[

k\m

ps>dg)ni m*lki[

~[Oq GNi siFirN ap

r)t[ a>S[

1.

smAyi s>Si[Fn
x[#in) viAt(vktin[
pkD) SkS[

2.

AYi(nk an[ v](Vk

s>dBi[<n[ ji[[DS[

3.

bh&aiyim) k[ s>k&l
bn) SkS[

4.

s>Si[Fkn) sjjtimi>
vFiri[ krS[

5.

g&NiRmk p(tai[ni[
pN (v(nyi[g kr)
SkS[

6.

nvp\AYinn) s>Bivni
dSi<v[ C[

7.

s>Si[Fn x[#ini d[(Kti

an[ p\Cn

14

mi#iimi>

n(hvt`

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
aiyimi[n[ ApS)< SkS[
8.

smkil)n
Xinyipiri[n[ p\yi[J
SkS[.

9.

ai>tr(vwik)y Av$p
p\yi[J SkS[

10. nvi uk[li[ an[

smAyin) aigih)
krS[

15

s>Si[Fn drKiAt

h[t& ps>dg) mipd>D

k\m

ps>dg)ni m*lki[

~[Oq GNi- siFi- ap

r)t[ a>S[

1. ayisni h[t&ai[
ApOT C[
2. h[t&ai[ sidi (vFin
$p[ rj* Yyi C[
3. h[t&ai[ an[ S)P<kmi>
an&b>F C[
4. h[t&ai[ an[
uRkpnimi> an&b>F
C[
5. h[t&ai[n[ aiFir[
upkrNn) ps>dg)
Yy[l C[
6. h[t&n[ aiFir[ nm&ni
ps>dg) krinir C[
16

n(h-

rN mi#iimi> vt`

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
7. h[t&n[ aiFir[
mi(ht) pZYrNn)
r)t ps>d Yy[l C[
8. ayismi> smiy[l
cli[n) ai[LK Yiy
C[.

17

s>Si[Fn drKiAt

uRkpni mipd>D
k\m

ps>dg)ni m*lki[

~[Oq GNi siFirN

r)t[ a>S[

1. uRkpniY) smAyin&>
Av$p ApOT Yiy C[
2. uRkpniY) s>Si[Fnn)
ti(k<k j$(ryiti[ni[
yil mL[ C[
3. uRkpniY) mi(ht)
a[k#i)krNni siFni[ a>g[
(dSis*cn mL[ C[
4. uRkpniY) mi(ht)
a[k#i)krNn) p\(v(Fni[
yil mL[ C[
5. uRkpni oiri smAyimi>
smi(vOT cli[ vc[ni
s>b>Fn) aigih) Ye[ Sk[
C[
18

ap
mi#iimi>

n(hvt`

s>Si[Fn drKiAt

k\m ps>dg)ni m*lki[

~[Oq
r)t[

GNi

siFi

ap

n(h

a>S[

rN

mi#ii

vt`

mi>
1. smAyini yip(vVn&>
(smi>kn Yy&> C[
2. smAyini (ndS<n&>
(smi>kn Yy&> C[
3. vh)vT) an[ yvhi@
myi<diai[n[ aiFir[
(smi>kn Yy&> C[

19

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
s>Si[Fn drKiAtni[ p(rcyiRmk (vBig:
s>Si[Fn drKiAtni[ ai (vBig t[ni nim p\miN[ s>Si[Fnni[
p(rcy mL[ t[ miT[n) (vgti[ni[ smiv[S Yiy C[.
1. S)P<k (Title)
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................

2. smAyikYn (Statement of the Problem)

ah)> smAyin&> kYn krvin&> hi[y C[. S)P<k an[ smAyikYn /
(vFin vc[ tfivt C[.
smAyikYn a[ S)P<kn&> (vAtZt)krN C[.
simiy r)t[ b[-#iN viyi[mi> smAyin[ (n$pvimi> aiv[
C[.
smAyikYnmi> smAyini bFi p\kirni cli[ dSi<vvi
j$r) C[.
ah)> smAyimi> smiy[l cli[ vc[ni> s>b>F dSi<vvi
ji[ea[.
20

s>Si[Fn drKiAt

smAyikYn Si miT[?
S)P<k oiri s>Si[Fnn) kiy< p\(k\yin) s>p*N< mi(ht) vickn[
mL) Skt) nY). t[Y) ji[ S)P<kn[ b[-#iN viyi[mi> sidi
Sdi[ oiri dSi<vvimi> aiv[ ti[ simiy vickn[ pN
s>Si[Fnn) (dSi an[ s>Si[Fnmi> hiY Frinir kiy<n) mi(ht)
mL) Sk[.
di.t., . . . . . . . . .
(vwiY)<n) S]x(Nk smAyiai[

3. s>b>(Ft si(hRyn) sm)xi (Review of Related

Literature)
ai (vBig a>tg<t s>Si[Fk[ s>Si[Fnn) s]i(tk t[mj s>Si[Fn
a[m b>n[ p\kirni si(hRyn) sm)xi rj* krvin) hi[y C[. vL),
pi[tin) smAyin[ lgti C[limi> C[li s>Si[Fn - p\vihi[ pN
rj* krvi ji[ea[. ai miT[ (rsc< jn<l, m[g[(zn, s>Si[Fn
siri>S, (DzT[<Sn tYi Y)(ssmi> dSi<viy[l s>b>(Ft s>Si[Fni[ni[
upyi[g Ye Sk[. ai rj*ait oiri s>Si[Fk pi[tini s>Si[Fnni
21

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
m*L hilni si(hRymi> hi[vini[ tYi pi[tini (vPymi> vF&
s>Si[Fnn) aivykti dSi<vvini[ p\yRn kr[ C[.
s>b>(Ft si(hRyn) sm)xi Si miT[?
p*v[< Yy[l s>Si[Fnn) sm)xi oiri s>Si[Fk pi[tini
(vPymi> Yy[l K[DiNY) p(r(ct hi[vin) si(bt) p*r)
piD[ C[.
p*v[< Yy[l s>Si[Fni[n) sm)xiY) ki[e kim b[vDiy C[ k[ k[m
t[n) tpis Ye Sk[.
pi[tin) smAyini Av$p (vS[ vF& ApOTti m[LvS[.
smAyimi> k eke bibti[ni[ smiv[S krvi[ t[ ApOT YS[.
smAyin[ s>Si[Fn oiri hl krvin) j$(ryit smjiS[.
smAyin[ an&$p yi[y uRkpni t]yir Ye SkS[.
mi(ht) p\i(tni s\iti[ a>g[n) ApOTti YS[.
mi(ht) a[k#i)krNni siFni[ a>g[ (dSis*cn mLS[.
ayisn) yi[y yi[jni t]yir Ye SkS[.
4. s>Si[Fnn&> x[#i (Area of Research)
a[m. b). b&c {1987} a[ (SxNni 17 j[Tli x[#ii[ ni[>yi C[.
NCERT(2000) Fifth Survey of Research in
22

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
Education mi> 38 j[Tli s>Si[Fn x[#ii[ dSi<yi C[. j[ n)c[
m&jb C[.

k\m s>Si[Fn x[#ii[

k\m s>Si[Fn x[#ii[

1.

BiPi (SxN

20. g(Nt (SxN

2.

(SxNn&> t_vXin

21. (SxN an[ airi[y

(SxN

3.

(SxNn&> smijSiA#i

22. n](tk kli an[

si]>dy<(SxN

4.

(SxNni[ e(this

23. S]x(Nk T[kni[l(j

5.

(SxNn&> aY<SiA#i

24. ayipn p\y&(t

6.

(SxNn&> mni[(vXin

25. (SxN - p\(SxN

7.

min(sk AviAy

26. yivsi(yk an[ tk`(nk)

(SxN

8.

min(sk p\(k\yiai[

27. (v(SOT (SxN

9.

simi(jk p\(k\yiai[

28. d*rvt)< (SxN

10. p\[rNi

29. p\i]Q, (nr>tr an[

av](Fk (SxN
23

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
11. sj<niRmkti an[
ni(vy

30. lG&mt), an&s*(ct

ji(t an[
an&s*(ct jnji(tn&>
(SxN

12. mig<dSn an[

31. kyiai[ an[ A#i)ai[n&>

slihdS<n

(SxN

13. ayisk\m (vkis

32. vst) (SxN

14. p*v< p\iY(mk (SxN

33. pyi<vrN

15. p\iY(mk (SxN

34. t&lniRmk (SxN

16. miy(mk (SxN

35. S]x(Nk pr)xN an[

m*yi>kn

17. uc_ir miy(mk (SxN 36. S]x(Nk aiyi[jn an[

n)(t(vPyk s>Si[Fn
18. simi(jk (vXin (SxN 37. (s(
19. (vXin (SxN

38. S]x(Nk vh)vT an[

s>ciln

24

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
5. ayisni h[t&ai[ (Objectives of the Study)
s>Si[Fnni h[t&ai[ a[ smg\ s>Si[Fnni[ aRy>t mh_vni[ an[
k[Wvt)< Big C[. h[t&ai[ s>Si[Fkn[ s>Si[Fnkiy<n) (dSi s*cv[
C[.
h[t&ai[ oiri s>Si[Fnmi> . . . . . .
ke ke bibti[ni[ ayis YS[ t[n) mi(ht) mL[ C[.
ayisni m&y (vBigi[n) ApOTti mL[ C[.
ayis miT[ ps>d krvimi> aiv[l smAyin), ti(k<k
r)t[ vh[>ciy[l p[Ti smAyiai[n) mi(ht) mL[ C[.
srL BiPimi> dSi<viy[li ayisni p[Ti S)P<ki[ C[.

6. uRkpniai[ k[ ayis p\i[

(Hypotheses or

Study Questions)
s>Si[Fn a[ a[k v]Xi(nk p\(k\yi C[ k[ j[ ti(k<k r)t[ aigL
vF[ C[. s>Si[Fn p\(k\yimi> S)P<k an[ h[t&ai[ n) Yyi bid
uRkpni/ p\i[ rcvimi> aiv[ C[. s>Si[Fn yi[jnimi>
uRkpniai[ / p\i[ dSi<vvi j$r) C[.

25

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
s>Si[Fn smAyini h[t&ai[ an[ S)P<k n) Yyi bid
s>SI[Fk kimcliu jvibi[ k[ uk[li[ rc[ C[, j[n[ uRkpni
tr)k[ ai[LKvimi> aiv[ C[.
uRkpni a[. . . . .
smAyini[ s*cviy[l uk[l C[.
p\ni jvib $p[ dSi<viti[ kimcliu p\Ativ C[.
s>Si[Fnni s>B(vt p(rNim s>b>F[ ti(k<k (vcirNi C[.
ki[e ci[ks s>b>F k[ tfivt S&> hS[ t[ a>g[n&> an&mi(nt
(vFin C[.
p\it p&riviai[ aiFi(rt a[v&> (vFin C[ k[ j[n[ s>Si[Fk
pi[tini ayis oiri ckis[ C[.
h[t&ai[n[ an&$p s>Si[Fnni a>t[ k[vi p(rNim p\it YS[
t[ a>g[ni ti(k<k an&mini[ C[.

7. ayisn) aY<s*ckti

(Significance of the

Study)
s>Si[Fn drKiAtmi> s>Si[Fn miT[ aivyk m&iai[n) rj*ait
siY[ ayisn) aY<s*ckti dSi<vv) K*b
26

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
j j$r) C[. ayisn) aY<s*cktia[ smAyin) a(nviy<ti
p*rvir kr[ C[. t[Y) ayisk[ pi[tini[ ayis b)jinni
ayis krti ke r)t[ j*di[ pD[ C[ t[ dSi<vv&> j$r) C[. ai m&i
a>tg<t ke ke bibti[n[ smivv) ji[ea[ t[ni upr njr
ni>K)a[.
p\At&t s>Si[Fnni p(rNimi[ ki[n[ ki[n[ upyi[g) bnS[.
p\At&t s>Si[Fnni p(rNimi[ ke r)t[ upyi[g) bnS[.
agiuni s>Si[Fni[ an[ p\At&t s>Si[Fn vc[ mi[Ti[
smygiLi[ psir Yyi[ C[, t[Y) nv) p\(v(Fai[ vD[ ai
p(rNimi[ ckisvin) j$r C[.
agiuni s>Si[Fn ayisi[ oiri p\it Xinmi> k[Tli[
giLi[ C[, an[ hiY Frit&> p\At&t s>Si[Fn ai giLi[ p*rvi
miT[ S&> fiLi[ aip) SkS[, an[ hilmi> k[Tl&> nv&> Xin
um[r) SkS[ t[ dSi<vv&> agRyn&> C[.
ay s>Si[Fn ayismi>Y) smY<n krti (vFini[ Ti>k)n[
smAyi a>g[n) mi(ht)n) uNp dSi<vv) ji[ea[.

27

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
8. ayisn) x[#i myi<diai[ (Delimitations of the
Study)
s>Si[Fk[ smy, S(t an[ Kc< myi<din[ yinmi> riK)n[
smAyin[ myi<(dt krvin) rh[ C[. s>Si[Fn a[ ghn r)t[
kiy< krvin) p\(k\yi C[ t[Y) mi[T) smAyi ps>d kr)n[ nbL&>
an[ (bnupyi[g) kiy< krvin[ bdl[ smAyin[ myi<(dt kr)n[
yi[y an[ upyi[g) kiy< krv&> vF& u(ct C[. smAyin)
x[#imyi<din[ kirN[ smAyi a>g[n) s&z vF[, yv(AYt r)t[
nini x[#i pr kim Ye Sk[ tYi u>DiN p*v<kn) mi(ht)
a[k(#it kr) t[n&> (vl[PN kr) Skiy.
s>Si[Fnmi> k eke bibti[n[ smivvin) C[, kyi kyi
cli[n[ aivr) l[vini C[ an[ kyi cli[n[ bikit riKvini C[
t[ bribr smJ l[v&> j$r) C[. smAyin[ n)c[ m&j b
myi<(dt kr) Skiy smAyin&> yip(vV an[ (ndS<n&> (smi>kn krv&>
j$r) cli[n[ (ny>(#it kr) smAyin&> (smi>kn kr)
Skiy.

28

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
s>b>(Ft j$r) mi(ht) an[ siFni[n) p\iyti a>g[
(smi>kn kr) Skiy.
s]i>(tk bibti[ an[ p*v<FirNiai[mi> (smi>kn kr)
Skiy.
s>Si[Fn yi[jnin&> (smi>kn kr) Skiy.
vh)vT) an[ yvhi$ myi<din[ yinmi> riK) (smi>kn
kr) Skiy.
smy myi<di an[ Kc<n[ yinmi> riK) ayisn)
x[#imyi<di nk) kr) Skiy.

29

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
{2} s>Si[Fnni[ kiy< p(t (vBig ( Method Section)

9. yip(vV an[ nm*ni[(Population and Sample)

ai m&i a>tg<t s>Si[Fk[ pi[tini s>Si[Fnn&> yip(vV
(Population) ApOT krvin&> rh[ C[. Ryir bid yip(vVmi>Y)
nm*ni[ ke r)t[ ps>d krvimi> aivS[ t[n) (vgti[ dSi<vvin)
rh[ C[. Si miT[ ai j p(ta[ nm*ni[ ps>d krvimi> aiyi[ C[?
ps>d Yy[l nm*ni oiriyip(vVn&> p\(t(n(FRv an[ t[ni kd
a>g[n) ApOTti krvin) rh[ C[. s>Si[Fk[ p*rti aiFiri[ aip)n[
nm*nin) (vgti[ ApOT krv) ji[ea[.
ah)> nm*ni ps>dg)n) p(tai[n) ni[>F krvimi> aiv) C[.

{a} s>Bivni aiFi(rt nm*ni p(tai[ (Probability

Sampling)
1. yi(Ck nm*ni p(t ( Random Sampling)
2. Atr)kZt yi(Ck nm*ni p(t ( Stratified
Random Sampling)

30

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
3. yi[jni bF nm*ni pF(t ( Systematic
Sampling)
4. z*mKi nm*ni p(t ( Cluster Sampling)
{b} (bn- s>Bivni aiFi(rt nm*ni p(tai[ ( NonProbability Sampling)
1. ain&P>(gk nm*ni p(t ( Incidental or
Accidental Sampling)
2. sh[t&k nm*ni p(t ( Purposive Sampling)
3. (nyt (hAsin) nm*ni p(t ( Quota Sampling)
{k} ay p(tai[ ( Other Methods of Sampling)
1. ji[Dki> nm*ni p(t ( sampling by Pairs)
2. b[vDi nm*ni p(t (Double Sampling)
3. k\mS: nm*ni p(t (sequential Sampling)
4. Ani[bi[l nm*ni p(t (Snow- Ball Sampling)
5.

bh&si[pin)

nm*ni

p(t

Multi-Stage

sampling)

31

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
10. upkrNi[(Tools)
s>Si[Fnni h[t&ai[n[ aiFir[ mi(ht) p\i(t miT[ s>Si[Fk yi[y
upkrNn) ps>dg) kr[ C[. simiy r)t[ k[Tli>k p\mi(Nt
upkrNi[ j[ t[ (vAtir miT[ p\It hi[y ti[ t[ni[ upyi[g kr)
Skiy. simiy r)t[ s>Si[Fk mni[v]Xi(nk ksi[T)ai[,
s>Si[F(nki, p\iv(l, vlN mipd>D, a(Bp\iyiv(l, m&likit
p#ik vg[r[ j[vi upkrNi[ p]k) ki[e a[k aYvi vF&ni[
upyi[g s>Si[Fk pi[tini s>Si[Fnn) aivykti an&sir kr)
Sk[. s>Si[Fk kyi p\kirni upkrNi[ni[ upyi[g krS[ t[
a>g[n) (vgti[ s>Si[Fn drKiAtmi> jih[r krv) j$r) C[.

pi[tini ayisn[ an&$p t]yir upkrNi[ p\iy hi[y ti[

yi[y upkrN ps>dg)n) r)t, ps>d Yy[l upkrNn)
(vVs(nyti, yYi<Yti, upyi[g krvin) r)t, t[n) myi<diai[
t[ni mini>ki[ vg[r[ a>g[n) hk)kti[ pN dSi<vv) ji[ea[.

ji[ s>Si[Fkn[ pi[tini s>Si[Fnn[ miT[ ki[e t]yir upkrN

p\it n hi[y ti[ s>Si[Fk upkrNn) rcni tYi p\mi(NkrN
32

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
ke r)t[ krS[ t[n) (vgti[ (vAtirY) dSi<vv) j$r) C[.
upkrN rcnimi> t[ni[ p*v[<xN, t[n&> klm pZYrN tYi t[n)
a>(tm ajmiyS vKt[ a[k krti vFir[ (nONiti[n) mddY)
upkrN rcvin&> hi[y ti[ t[n) (vgti[ drKiAtmi> rj* krv)
ji[ea[.

11. s>Si[Fn p(t (Method of Research)

s>Si[Fnini[ hiY Frnir[ (v(vF s>Si[Fn p(tai[ p]k)
pi[tini s>Si[Fnn[ an&$p ke p(t C[ t[ Si[Fvin&> rh[ C[.
s>Si[Fk pi[tini ayisn[ an&$p ke s>Si[Fn p(tni[
upyi[g krS[ t[n) (vgti[ s>Si[Fn drKiAtmi> aipv) j$r)
C[. ps>d krvimi> aiv[l s>Si[Fn p(tni[ aml ke r)t[
krvimi> aivS[ t[ pN T*>kmi> dSi<vv&> ji[ea[. s>Si[Fk ji[
a](thi(sk p(tni[ upyi[g krnir hi[y ti[ p\iY(mk an[
gi]N s>dB<AYini[n) Si[F an[ t[ni upyi[g a>g[n) (vgt
t[m jai s>dB< AYini[n) Si[F an[ t[ni upyi[g a>g[n)
(vgt t[mj biH an[ ai>t(rk p(rS)ln ke r)t[ krS[
t[n) (vgt dSi<vv) ji[ea[.
33

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
s>Si[Fk[ ji[ p\iyi[(gk p(tni[ upyi[g krnir hi[y ti[ ke
p\iyi[(gk p(tn) ps>dg) krnir hi[y ti[ ke p\iyi[(gk
p(tn) ps>dg) krvimi> aivS[ an[ Si miT[ t[n) (vgti[
dSi<vv) ji[ea[.

12. pZYrN p\(v(F ( Analysis Procedure)

ai (vBigmi> upkrN oiri mL[l mi(ht)n&> ke r)t[
vg)<krN an[ pZYkkrN krvimi> aivS[ t[n) (vgti[
dSi<vvimi> aiv[ C[.
s>Si[Fnni h[t&ai[n[ an&$p m[Lv[l mi(htn&> s>Si[Fk
vN<n kr[ C[. ai vN<n oiri t[ an&min tirvvini[ p\yRn
kr[ C[. ayismi> aivriy[l (v(vF cli[ vc[ni s>b>Fn)
kxi jiNvi mi>g[ C[- ai bF) bibtini[ aiFir a>kSiA#i)y
p(tn) ps>dg) upr rh[li[[ hi[y C[.
g&NiRmk s>Si[Fnmi> mi(ht)n&> pZYkkrN ke r)t[ krvimi>
aivS[ t[n) (vgt udihrN siY[ smjivv) ji[ea[.

34

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
13. smy aiyi[jn ( Time Schedule)
s>Si[Fnkiy<- pC) t[ nin&> hi[y k[ mi[T&>- smymyi<diY)
b>Fiy[l hi[y C[. aiY) s>Si[Fk[ pi[tini kiY, a>g[n&>
aiiy[jn dSi<vv&> ji[ea[. ai miT[ s>Si[Fk[ p\Ym s>Si[Fnn[
tbkkivir (vBi(jt kr) ni>Kv&> ji[ea[. Ryir bid dr[k
pisin[ yv(AYt r)t[ ni[>F krv) ji[ea[. ai p\kirn) ni[>F
kyi< pC) smg\ s>Si[Fnkiy< p*N< krvimi> k&l k[Tli[ smy
ligS[ t[ni[ a>dij mLS[.
14. ai(Y<k Kc<n&> aiyi[jn(Budget)
s>Si[Fnkiy< miT[ ai(Y<k shiy m[Lvv) hi[y aYvi mi#i
ayis krvini h[t&Y) pN s>Si[Fn krvin&> hi[y Cti>
s>Si[Fn kiy< drKiAtmi> Kc<n) (vgt dSi<vv) j$r) C[.
s>Si[Fnkiy< miT[ j$r) siFni[, p&Atki[, m&sifr) Kc<,
shiyki[ni[ Kc<, ay Kc< vg[r[n[ (vgt[ ai](cRyp*N< r)t[
dSi<vv&> j$r) C[.

35

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
15. s>dB<s*(c ( Refrences)
s>Si[Fn smAyi ps>d krvimi> s>Si[Fk oiri (rsc< jn<l,
(DzT[<Sn, (Ys)s, dAtiv[ji[ vg[r[ni[ upyi[g kr[ C[ ai
upri>t p*v[< Yy[l s>Si[Fni[n) sm)xi a>tg<t j[- j[
si(hRyni[ ul[K Yyi[ t[ bFini[ ah)> ul[K Yvi[ j$r) C[.
ai ni[>F miT[ miy miLKin[ an&srv&> ji[ea[. (SxNni
s>Si[Fni[mi>

simiytyi

APA

(American

Psychology Association) oiri s*(ct miLKin[

an&srvimi> aiv[ C[.

s>Si[Fnni p\i[ni vg)<krN miT[ (Dli[n {1984} n) yi[jni

(Dli[n{1984} s>Si[Fn p\i[n&> vg)<krN pi>c p\kir[ kr[ C[.

S*y kxi. ai p\kirni p\i[n&> Av$p ail>ki(rk hi[y C[.

t[ni[ u_ir nY) an[ t[ kSij nvi Xinsj<n miT[ nY)
hi[ti.

36

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
p\Ym kxi. ai p\kirni p\i[ Avt>#i clni g&NFmi[< jiNvi
miT[ hi[y C[. t[ a(At_v, ai[LK, aY<, vN<n, an[ kiy<
jiNvi miT[ k[ t[ni[ aiFir jiNvi miT[ rj* kr[li hi[y C[.

(t)y kxi. b[ cli[ni s>dB<mi> t&lniRmk lxNi[ni ayis

miT[ ai p\kirni p\i[ hi[y C[. t[ miT[n) bn[n) shgi(mti,
siy an[ tfivt jiNvi miT[ t[ p\yi[jvimi> aiv[ C[.

tZt)y kxi. b[ cli[ vc[ni[ s>b>F, shs>b>F, ci[ks

p(r(AYt)ni s>dB<mi> aF)nti kirNRv jiNvi miT[ a[Tl[ k[
cli[n) ain&P>(gktiai[ jiNvi miT[ni p\i[ tZt)y kxini
p\i[ tr)k[ vg)<kZt kr[li C[.

etr kxi. upy&<t ki[e pN kximi> n m*k) Skiti p\i[

j[vik[ (vcirNi h[qLni, aApOT k[ aci[ks p\i[. Aivi
p\i[n[ (Dli[n etr kximi> m*k[ C[.

37

s>Si[Fn drKiAt

s>Si[Fnni p\i[ni vg)<krN miT[ (Dli[n {1984} n)

yi[jni
p\n)

vg< k[ p\kir

p\i[_irmi> rh[l&> Xin s*cvti[ p\

kxi
S*y kxi ail>ki(rk

kS&> j nh)>, kS&> Xin k[ u_ir nh)>

p\Ym

g&NFmi[<

'a" ni, 'b" ni v]y(tk g&NFmi[</ lxNi[

1.a(At_v/an&mi[dn/

S&> 'a" C[?

kxi
Enkir

38

2. udihrN/ ai[LK

S&> ai 'a" C[?

3. t_v/ yiyi

'a" S&> C[?

4. lxN/ vN<n

'a" S&> {ky&>} lxN FriV[ C[?

5. kiy</ upij<n

'a" S&> kr[ C[?

6. ti(k<k aiFir/

'a" mi> am&k lxN Si miT[ k[ S) r)t[ C[?

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
K&lisi[
(t)y

t&lniai[

'a" an[ 'b" ni t&lniRmk lxNi[

7. shgi(mti

S&> 'a", 'b" n) siY[ jiy C[?

8. siy

S&> 'a" an['b" smin C[?

kxi

an[ Simi> {smin} C[?

tZt)y

9. tfivt

S&> 'a" an[ 'b" (Bn C[?

ain&P>(gktiai[

'a" an[ 'b" ni> ain&P>(gk lxNi[

10. s>b>F

S&> 'a", 'b" siY[ s>b>F Friv[ C[?

11. shs>b>F

S&> 'a" an[ 'b" shcl[ C[?

12. si[pi(Fkti

S&> 'a/b" hi[y ti[ S&> 'b"/ 'a" hi[y C[? k[ Yiy

kxi

C[?
aYvi

39

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
S&> 'a"/'b" hi[y ti[ S&> 'b"/ 'a" k[vi an[ k[v)
r)t[ hi[y?
13. (-upi(Fkti

S&> 'a/b" hi[y ti[ S&> 'b"/ 'a" hi[y an[ 'b"/

{kirNRv}

'a" hi[y ti[ 'a/b" hi[y?

aYvi
'a" hi[y ti[ 'b" k[v) r)t[ an[ 'b" hi[y ti[
'a" k[v) r)t[ hi[y?

etrkxi ay

'a" ni ay lxNi[ k[ 'a" n[ jiNvini ay

migi[<

40

14. (vcir(vmS<

S&> 'a" krv&> C[ an[ 'a" (vS[ (vcirv&> C[?

15. aApOT

'a" n[ ay r)t[ jiNvini[ p\yRn

16. aci[ks

aXit

s>Si[Fn drKiAt

upkrN ps>dg) mipd>D

k\m ps>dg)ni m*lki[

~[Oq GNi siFir)t[ a>S[

rN

ap

n(h-

mi#iimi>

vt`

1. upkrNn) ps>dg) yi[y C[.

2. upkrNn) h[t&ai[n[ yinmi>
riK)n[ ps>d kriy[l C[.
3. upkrNn) (vVsn)yti
a>g[n) ApOTti krvimi> aiv)
C[.
4. upkrNn) p\miNB*tti
a>g[n) rj*ait krvimi> aiv)
C[.
5. upkrNn) upyi[g krvin)
r)t dSi<vvimi> aiv) C[.
6. upkrN oiri s>Si[Fn miT[n)
mi(ht) mL) SkS[.
7. upkrN ps>dg) miT[ ti(k<k
kirNi[ dSi<vvimi> aiyi C[.
41

s>Si[Fn drKiAt

nm*ni ps>dg) mipd>D

k\m ps>dg)ni m*lki[

~[Oq GNi siFir)t[ a>S[

1. nm*nin) ps>dg) yi[y C[.

2. h[t&ai[n[ yinmi> riK)n[
nm*ni[ ps>d kriy[l C[.
3. nm*nin&> kd dSi<y&> C[.
4. nm*ni[ yip(vVn&> p\(t(n(FRv
kr[ C[ t[n) ni[>F krvimi> aiv)
C[.
5. nm*ni ps>dg)n) r)t dSi<v)
C[.
6. nm*nini pi#ii[ni lxNi[
dSi<yi C[.

42

rN

ap

n(h-

mi#iimi>

vt`

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
p\Ativnin&> aiyi[jn ke r)t[ krSi[?
ah)> j[n) cci< krvini C)a[ t[ miLK&> Avil[s
{1984} ni s*cni[n[ aiFir[ t]yir krvimi> aiy&> C[. Avil[s[
a[k[D[(mk jn<lni ayisi[ kr)n[ t[ni tirN$p[ a[k miLKin)
BlimN kr) C[. ai miLK&> s>Si[Fn drKiAtn) p\Ativni
lKvini (nymi[ni[ s[T nY), pN ai a[k upyi[g) mig<d(S<ki
C[.

pg(Yy>&-1 x[#in) AYipni

(v(SOTtini[ divi[ {Si miT[ ai x[#ini ayisn&>
mh_v C[? }
an[ / aYvi
simiyY) (v(SOT trf srkv&>
an[ / aYvi
p*v[< Yy[l s>Si[Fni[n) sm)xi

43

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
pg(Yy>&-2 s>Si[Fn smAyin[ yiyi(yt kri[
S*yivkiS dSi<v)n[
aYvi
p\ uqiv)n[
aYvi
p*v[<ni Si[F oiri dSi<viy[l mig<r[Kin[ stt riKv)
aYvi
simi[ divi[ { AYpiy[l aYvi Av)kiriy[l bibt
siY[ as>mtpN&>}

pg(Yy>&-3 uk[lni[ h[t&

u[yi[n) $pr[Ki / h[t&ai[n) gi[qvN)
an[ / aYvi
p\At&t s>Si[Fnn) jih[rit { p(tSiA#i}
an[ / aYvi
s>Si[Fn miLKini[ ul[K

44

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
x[#i
si] p\Ym tm[ j[ x[#imi> s>Si[Fn krvini Ci[ t[ s>Si[Fn x[#in[
AYi(pt kri[ an[ s>Si[Fn smAyini[ s>dB< aipi[. ai (vBign[
#iN GTki[ C[:

k[W)ytini[ divi[. divi[ kri[ k[ ai s>Si[Fnn&> x[#i K*b j

agRyn&> C[ an[ t[Y) hiY Frinir s>Si[Fn pN (v(SOT C[.

simiyY) (v(SOT. GNibFi> lKiNi[ simiy (vgti[Y)

S$ Yiy C[ an[ pC) (v(SOT trf aigL vF[ C[. ai GN)
sir) p\y&(kt C[.

p*v[< Yy[l s>Si[Fni[. GN)vir j[ x[#imi> s>Si[Fn hiY

Frinir hi[y t[ s>Si[Fn x[#imi> p*v[< Yy[l s>Si[Fni[ni[ ayis
dSi<vvimi> aiv[ C[ j[Y) p\At&t s>Si[Fnn) pidB*(mki aip)
Skiy.

smAyi
tmi$> s>Si[Fn am&k r)t[ nv&> hi[v&> j ji[ea[. t[ni oiri ps>d
kriy[l s>Si[Fn x[#imi> k>e>k nv&> Xin um[riv&> ji[ea[. tmir[
dSi<vv&> ji[ea[ k[ tmi$> kiy< ke r)t[ s>Si[Fn x[#ini
45

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
vNK[Diy[li p[Tix[#i/ m&i / p\ n[ ApS< krS[. aYvi tmiri
x[#imi> K[DiN Yy&> hi[y ti[ tm[ ke (v(SOT r)t[ s>Si[Fn hiY
Frvini Ci[? T*>kmi>, tmir[ tmiri kiy< miT[ tk< dSi<vvini[ C[ {
Si miT[ tm[ s>Si[Fn hiY Frvini C[?}. tm[ tmiri x[#imi> nv&>
Xin um[rvini Ci[ t[ dSi<vvi miT[ni cir migi[< C[.

S*yivkiS (Gap) dSi<v)n[. pi[tini x[#imi> s>Si[Fn n

Yyi> hi[y aYvi ti[ K*b ai[Ci s>Si[Fni[ Yyi> hi[y a[ pi[t[
s>Si[Fn hiY Frvi miT[n&> a[k sbL kirN C[. p*v[< Yy[li
s>Si[Fni[n) sm)xi oiri tm[ dSi<v) Ski[ k[ kyi> S*yivkiS
sji<yi[ C[. aYvi yi> ai[Ci s>Si[Fni[ Yyi> hi[y Ryi> kyi a[vi
m&i/ p[Tix[#ii[ C[ j[ni upr s>Si[Fn hiY Fr) Skiy C[

j[ni upr tm[ s>Si[Fn hiY Fr)n[ S*yivkiS Br) Ski[ a[m
Ci[}.

p\ uqiv)n[ ( Raising a question). s>Si[Fn

smAyin[ ki[e p\ uqiv)n[ pN ApOT kr) Skiy, k[ j[ni jvib
hj& myi[ nY) an[ j[ m[Lvvini[ p\yRn tmiri s>Si[Fnmi>
krvimi> aivnir C[.

46

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
p*v[<ni Si[F oiri dSi<viy[l mig<r[Kin[ stt riKv)
(Continuing a Previous line of Inquiry). j[ni
upr s>Si[Fn krvimi> aiv) c*y&> C[, pr>t&> nvi[ nm*ni[, nvi[
(vAtir, vFirini GTki[ vg[r[n[ len[ s>Si[Fn hiY Fr) Skiy.
aim p*v[< Yy[l s>Si[Fni[n) mig<d(S<kin[ aiFir[ smAyi ApOT
kr) Skiy.

simi[ divi[ (Counter Claiming) { AYpiy[l

aYvi Av)kiriy[l bibt siY[ as>mtpN&>}. ki[e s>Si[Fnn)
p(t k[ p\(k\yin[ len[ p\(t- divi[ Ye Sk[.

uk[lni[ h[t& (Solution). a[k vir x[#i an[ smAyin[

yiyi(yt Ye jiy, ti[ ay Sdmi> uk[l dSi<vvini[ ai
yi[y smy C[: s>Si[Fnni[ S*yivkiS ke r)t[ p*riS[? uk[l
miT[ni[ p\ k[vi[ hS[? B*(mkini[ ai a>(tm Big liBi[
dSi<vvi, h[t&ai[ smjivvi, s>Si[Fnni[ yip dSi<vvi, p\At&t
s>Si[Fn oiri S&> Si[FiS[ ? an[ ke r)t[ t[ni[ upyi[g YS[? t[
pN dSi<v) Skiy. ah)> yin riKv&> k[ n)c[ dSi<v[li GNi
m&iai[ni[ smiv[S p\Ativni$p fkrimi> Ye Sk[ pN ai bFi j
m&iai[ni[ smiv[Sni[ d&rig\h sh[j pN j$r) nY).
47

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
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pi[tini

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48

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pN ApOT smj mL) rh[.

49

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
g&jrit) (vPymi> (jsi ayyn yi[jnin) asrkirkti
Effectiveness of Jigsaw Learning Design in the
Subject of Gujarati
mig<dS<k
Di.jgd)p si[nvN[

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50

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g)l)s,2006}. ai (OTa[ shkir) ayyn a[ K*b j mh_vn&>
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51

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rcni krv).

52

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53

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54

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{mh[ti, 2000}. ai m&jbn) yi[jni ayynmi> upyi[g)
bn) Sk[.

55

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sk\)y ayipn p\y&(tai[n) BlimN kr[ C[.

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asrkirkti.

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p\iyi[(gk j*Y.

56

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
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57

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Frvimi> aivS[.

58

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30
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59

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60

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s>Si[Fn drKiAt
s>dB<s*(c
mh[ti, D). p). {2000}. (SxN: (Btrni[ Kjini[. y&(nv(s<T) g\>Y
(nmi<N bi[D<, amdivid. g&jrit rijy
Aronson, E and P. Shelley (1997). The jigsaw
Classroom: Building Cooperation in the
classroom . 2nd ed. New york: Longman.
Balfakih. N. M. A.(2003). The Efectiveness of
Student team- achievement division(STAD) for
teaching high school chemestry in the United
Arab

Emirates,

International

Journal

of

Science Education 25, 605-624

Best J. W. & Kahn, J.V. (1989) Research in
Education. Prentice- Hall of India Pvt. New
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Bolling, A. (1994). Using group journals to
improve

writing

and

comprehension.

J.

Excellence College teaching, 5: 47-55.

Finkel, D. and Wills, C. E.(1996). Computer
Supported Peer Learning in an Introductory
61

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Computer Science Course. SIGCSE Bulletin,
Special Issue, 55-566.
Gillies, R. M.(2006). Teachers and students verbal
behaviors during cooperative and small group
learning. British J. Edu. Psychology., 76: 271287.
Johnson, D. W. and Johnson, F.P. (1994). Joining
Together and Alone (4th edition), Allyn and
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Johnson, D. W. , Johnson, R. T. and Smith, K. A.
(1998). Cooperative learning returns to college
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Jordan, D. and Le Metaias, J. (1997). Social
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Maloof , J. and

K. B. V. White(2005). Team

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Laboratory. J. Biol. Edu, 39; 120-124.

Peterson, E. S. and A. M. Jeffrey(2004).
Comparing the quality of students experiencies
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during cooperative learning and large group
instruction. J. Edu. Res., 97: 123-128.
Prichard, J. S., L. A.Bizo and R. J. Stratford
(2006). The educational impact of item skill
training: preparing student to work in groups.
British J. Edu. Psychology., 76:

119-140.

Slavin, R. E.(1995). Cooperative learning theory,

Research and practice, 2nd ed; Allyn & Bacon:
Boston

63

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Bivngr (jlimi> vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin n) p\vZ(_iai[ an[ t[n)
asrkirkti
Activities and Effectiveness of Vanche Gujarat
Abhiyan in Bhavnagar District

mig<dS<k

ayisk

Di.jgd)p si[nvN[

v[gD s&r[S
s>Si[Fn rj*ait
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64

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1998, v[ATb\*k, 2007}. vicnni p[Ti x[#ii[mi> pN an[k s>Si[Fni[
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an[ (v(lys {2008} oiri s>Si[Fni[ hiY Friyi hti.
vicn a>g[ni p*v[< Yy[l kiyi[<n) Si[F krti s>Si[Fkn[ jiNvi
my& ht&> k[ (vd[Si[mi> vicn miT[n) alg y&(nv(s<T) hi[y C[ j[ni
oiri (v(vFkiy<k\mi[ hiY Friy C[ {(rD)>g m[n[jm[T p\i[g\im, 2009}.
ai upri>t (v(vF d[Si[n) srkir oiri vicn a>g[ni (rpi[T< pN t]yir
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65

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s>Si[Fkn) jiNmi> nY) aiy&> j[ ki[e srkir oiri hiY Frvimi> aiy&>
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Friy[l p\vZ(_iai[n) mi(ht) m[Lvv).
4. Bivngr (jlimi vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin a>tg<t hiY
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66

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Bvni[ tYi pi>c smijs[v) s>AYiai[n[ sh[t&k r)t[ ps>d kriS[. ai
s>AYiai[ pis[Y) mL[l mi(ht)ni[ aiFir len[ vi>c[ g&jrit
a(Byinmi> Big l[nir liBiY)< p]k) pi>c liBiY)<ni[ sh[t&k nm*ni[
len[ a(Byinn) asrkirkti tpisvimi> aivS[.
67

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
x[#i myi<di
p\At&t ayismi> vi>c[ g&jrit ayisn) p\vZ(_iai[ jiNvi
miT[ (n(t kr[l y(tai[, S]x(Nk an[ smijs[v)
s>AYiai[ni[ j smiv[S kriS[.
p\At&t ayisk\mn) asrkirkti jiNvi miT[ a(Byinni
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ayisn&> mh_v
Birt d[Sn) riy srkir oiri nig(rki[ni vicn miT[ni
si] p\Ym a(Byin a[vi vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byinni h[t&ai[n)
mi(ht) mLS[.
vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin a>tg<t hiY Frinir p\vZ(_iai[n)
(vgt jiNvi mLS[, j[Y) keke p\vZ(_iai[ hiY Frv)
ji[ea[ t[ a>g[n) ApOTti p\Ry[k vickn[ YS[.
Bivngr (jlimi> Yt) vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin a>t<gt
Yt) p\vZ(_iai[n) mi(ht) mLS[. j[Y) (jlimi> hiY Friy[l
p\vZ(_iai[ an[ hiY Frvin) bik) rh[t) p\vZ(_iai[ a>g[n&>
(c#i ApOT YS[.
Bivngr (jlimi> Yt) vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin a>t<gt
Yy[l p\vZ(_iai[n) asrkirkti jiNvi mLS[. j[Y) (jlimi>
68

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
hiY Friy[l p\vZ(_iai[ an[ t[n) asrkirktin[ aiFir[ ay
(jliai[n[ mig<dS<n aip) SkiS[.
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Yy[l p\vZ(_iai[n) asrkirkti jiNvi a>g[n&> (m~ p(t
s>Si[Fn (Mixed Method Research) p\kirn&> ai si]
p\Ym s>Si[Fn hS[.
Sdn) yvhi@ yiyi

vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byin. g&jrit riyni s&vN< jy>(t ujvN)

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g&jrit srkir oiri aiyi[(jt a(Byin, j[n) S$ait 1 a[(p\l,
2010 ni ri[j krvimi> aiv) ht).

asrkirkti. vi>c[ g&jrit a(Byinn) p\vZ(_iai[ oiri

a(Byinni h[t&ai[n) (s( a[Tl[ asrkirkti.
upkrN
m&t jvib) p\nivl), ah[vil- si(hRy, m&likit, vt<minp#ii[,
(nr)xN
mi(ht) a[k#i)krN
p\At&t ayismi> mi(ht) a[k#i)krN b[ tbkimi> krvimi> aivS[.
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69

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
vt<minp#ii[ tYi (nr)xNni[ upyi[g kr)n[ mi(ht) a[k(#it krvimi>
aivS[. b)ji tbkimi> p\Ym tbkimi> mL[l mi(ht)ni aiFir[
t[mi>Y) sh[t&k r)t[ nm*ni[ ps>d kr) (nr)xN an[ m*likit oiri
mi(ht) a[k(#it krvimi> aivS[.
mi(ht) (vl[PN
mi(ht) (vl[PN miT[ (m~ p(t s>Si[Fn (Mixed
Method Research) miT[n) k\[sv[l an[ klik< {2007} ni
s*cni[n[ aiFir[ ki[(D>g kr)n[ mi(ht)n&> aY<FTn kriS[. ai ayismi>
mi(ht)ni (vl[PN k[ pZYkrNn) r)t (m~ p(t s>Si[Fn
(Mixed Method Research) n[ an&srt) hS[.
smy p#ik
1. p\Ym s#i:

s>Si[Fn drKiAtn) t]yir) an[ s>dB< si(hRyn&> vicn

2. (ot)y s#i:

s>Si[Fn drKiAtn) rj*ait, mi(ht) a[k(#ikrN,

mi(ht) (vl[PN, ah[vil l[Kn, Tie(p>g, bie(Dg
an[ sb(mSn

70

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
a>diJ Kc<
k\m (vgt
1. mi(ht) a[k#i)krN

Kc< $(pyimi>
600/-

2. s>Si[Fn ah[vil Tie(p>g

1800/-

3. s>Si[Fn ah[vil bie(Dg

500/-

4. ay Kc<

1000/-

k&l Kc<

3900/-

71

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
s>Si[Fn p\Ativ
(SS&(vhir s>AYi: AYipni, (vkis an[ p\din

ayisk

mig<dS<k

rij[W b). gi[(hl

Di. jgd)p si[nvN[

s>Si[Fn rj*ait
s>Si[Fn rj*ait ti.

s>Si[Fn p\kir: y(t ayis

s>Si[Fnn&> x[#i: S]x(Nk an[ simi(jk yvAYipn

72

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
B*(mki
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ayis krvi[ a(nviy< C[. S]x(Nk s>AYini u>DiNp*v<k krvimi>
aivti s>Si[Fni[ni[ smiv[S y(t ayis a>tg<t Yiy C[.
y(t ayis a[ g&NiRmk (vl[PNn&> a[v&> Av$p C[ k[ j[mi>
ki[e a[k y(t, p(r(AYt), GTni, s>AYi, (vcirFiri k[ simi(jk
j*Yn) u>DiNp*v<k an[ s>p*N< tpis krvimi> aiv[ C[. s>Si[Fn h[qLni
a[kmni dr[k[ dr[k pisini[ z)NvTByi[< ayis kr)n[ t[n&> (vgtp*N<
vN<n an[ pZYrN krvimi> aiv[ C[, j[ni prY) aY<GTni[ an[
simiy)krNi[ tirvvimi> aiv[ C[ { b[AT an[ kih`n, 2009}.
m*LB&t r)t[ y(t ayisni[ upyi[g tb)b) (vXinmi> Yiy
C[. j[mi> dd)<ni p\vt<min lxNi[n) tpis krvimi> aiv[ C[, siY[ siY[
t[n) Sir)(rk (AYt), t(byt an[ B*tkiLn[ lgt) ay bibti[n)
pN tpis kriy C[ {uciT,2009}. ai m&jb j s>AYini[ ud`Bv
t[ni[ B*tkiL, vt<min (AYt) an[ B(vOyni aiyi[jni[ tYi s>AYini
simi(jk p\dinni[ ayis hiY Frvimi> aiv[ C[.
s>Si[Fn x[#i[ S]x(Nk s>AYiai[ni y(t ayis K*b j ap
p\miNmi> Yyi C[. j[m k[ Bivngr y&(nv(s<T)n) yid) an& sir
(SxNSiA#i Bvnmi> Yy[li 678 lG&Si[[F (nb>Fmi>Y) mi#i cir
73

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
y(t ayis C[, j[ p]k)ni #iN ayisi[ S]x(Nk s>AYi upr hiY
Friyi C[. yir[ g&jrit y&(nv(s<T)ni (SxNSiA#i Bvnmi> vP<
1999-2006 dryin Yy[li k&l 197 lG&Si[F (nb>Fi[ p]k) mi#i
cir j y(t ayis Yyi hti {j&ai[ pT[l,2008} an[ si]riOT^
y&(nv(s<T)ni (SxNSiA#i Bvnmi> vP< 1978-2000 dryin Yy[l
k&l 516 lG&Si[F (nb>Fi[ p]k) s>AYiai[ni y(t ayis mi#i pi>c
j hti { j&ai[ uciT, 2006}. aim, s>Si[Fni[ni ay p\kiri[n)
t&lni y(t ayisi[ K*b j ap p\miNmi> Yyi C[.
vP< 2002mi> Bivngr (AYt (SS&(vhir s>AYi Kit[ni p\vis[
mn[ s>AYi p\Ry[ (vS[P aik(P<t kyi[< hti[. ai s>AYi upr ai p*v[< ki[e
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{ni.mi.B, y(tgt

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kiy< oiri s>AYin) AYipniY) len[ t[n) p\vZ(_iai[ an[ t[n) smij
upr asr tYi s>AYini B(vOyni aiyi[jni[ s&F)n) (vS[P mi(ht)
smij smx rj& Yiy t[ h[t&Y) ai s>Si[Fn hiY Frvin&> m[> nk) ky&<>
C[.
ayisni h[t&ai[
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3. (SS&(vhir s>AYini s>cilk m>DLni[ ayis krvi[.
74

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
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5. (SS&(vhir s>AYi oiri p\ki(St p\kiSnni[ ayis krvi[.
6. (SS&(vhir s>AYini ai(Y<k pisini[ ayis krvi[.
7. (SS&(vhir s>AYin) (v(SOT p\vZ(_iai[ni[ ayis krvi[.
8. (SS&(vhir s>AYini simi(jk p\dinni[ ayis krvi[.
ayisni p\i[
1. (SS&(vhir s>AYin) AYipni piCL kyi u[yi[ hti?
2. (SS&(vhir s>AYi Bi](tk s&(vFini[ k[v) C[?
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krvimi> aiv[ C[?
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7. (SS&(vhir s>AYin) simi(jk p\vZ(_iai[ni[ ke ke hS[?
8. (SS&(vhir s>AYin&> simi(jk p\din k[v&> hS[?
ayisn) x[#i-myi<di
p\At&t ayismi> p\iY(mk s>dB< s\i[tni[ upyi[g kriS[. pr>t&>
yi> p\iY(mk s\i[ti[ ap\iy hi[y Ryi> gi]N s>dB< s\i[tni[ upyi[g
krvimi> aivS[. s>Si[Fn p\i[ni s>dB<mi> s>AYin&> m*yi>kn YS[.
75

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
m*yi>knni ai (sviyni p\i[ pN hi[e Sk[, pr>t&> t[n[ ai s>Si[Fnmi>
smiviS[ nh) >.
ayisn&> mh_v
(SS&(vhir s>AYini p\At&t ayisY) t[ni lyi>ki[, kiy<p\Nil),
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a>g[ni tirNi[ p\it YS[.
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oiri vP< 1939 mi> krvimi> aiv) ht). ai s>AYi g&jrit riyni
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s>Si[Fn hiY Frvimi> aivnir C[ t[ s>AYi.
76

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
(vkis. (SS&(vhir s>AYin) ai(Y<k, Bi](tk an[ simi(jk
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p\din. (SS&(vhir s>AYin) S]x(Nk an[ simi(jk p\vZ(_iai[ k[

j[Y) simi(jk (vkis Yiy.
yip(vV an[ nm*ni[
(SS&(vhir s>AYini y(t ayis miT[ (SS&(vhir s>AYini
(v(vF pisiai[ j[vi k[ s>AYin) AYipni, Bi](tk s&(vFi, (v(SOT
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(SS&(vhir s>AYi ps>d kr) C[. y(t ayis hi[viY) yip(vV a[
j nm*ni[ rh[S[.
upkrN
p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> mi(ht) a[k#i)krN miT[ m&likit, avli[kn,
p\ivl), dAtiv[ji[ j[vi upkrNi[n&> upyi[jn krvimi> aivS[. j[niY)
s>AYin) yi[y mi(ht) mL) Sk[.
mi(ht) a[k#i)krNn) p\(v(F
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vDin) m>j&r) l[S[. Ryirbid s>Si[Fnni h[t&ai[n[ yinmi> riK)n[ j&d)77

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j&d) y(tai[n) m*likit krS[. avli[kn oiri s>AYini (v(vF
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krS[. s>AYin) p\vZ(_iai[n) simi(jk asr tpisvi m&likit an[
m&t jvib) p\ivl) vD[ nm*nipi#ii[ pis[Y) mi(ht) a[k#i)t krS[.
ai upri>t s>AYini dAtiv[ji[, s>AYin&> p\kiSn vg[r[ oiri pN mi(ht)
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1. p\Ym s#i:

s>Si[Fn drKiAtn) t]yir) an[ s>dB< si(hRyn&> vicn

2. (ot)y s#i:

s>Si[Fn drKiAtn) rj&ait, mi(ht) a[k#i)krN,

mi(ht) (vl[PN, ah[vil l[Kn, Tie(p>g, bie(Dg
an[ sb(mSn

78

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
a>diJ Kc<
k\m

(vgt

Kc<
{$(pyimi>}

1. j$r) si(hRyni fi[Ti[kip)ni[ Kc<

600/-

2. s>Si[Fn ah[vil Tie(p>g

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500/-

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1,000/-

k&l Kc<

4,100/s>dB<s*(c

uciT, D). a[. {2006} S]x(Nk s>Si[Fni[ni siri>S{1976-2006}.

(SxNSiA#i Bvn, si]riOT^ y&(nv(s<T), rijki[T.
ci]Fr) D). k[. {2010} g\im d(xNim*(t< ai>bli: a[k y(t

ayis. a[m. a[D`. lG&Si[F (nb>F, Bivngr y&(nv(s<T),

Bivngr.
ji[P) a[n. J. {2005} aif\[Dn) B*tkil)n p\(tOqi. ap\ki(St
a[m. a[D`. lG&Si[F (nb>F, Bivngr y&(nv(s<T), Bivngr.

79

s>Si[Fn drKiAt
ji[P), b). a[c., an[ yis j[. J. {2006} S]x(Nk s>Si[Fni[n&>

mig<dS<n. Bivngr y&(nv(s<T), Bivngr.

pT[l, air. a[s. {2008}. a[m. a[D`. lG&Si[F (nb>Fni siri>S

{1993-2006}. jy p(lk[Sn, amdivid.

miYi[(Lyi, v). b). {2010} bi[Tidkr ki[l[j: a[k y(t ayis.
ap\ki(St a[m. a[D`. lG&Si[F (nb>F, Bivngr y&(nv(s<T),
Bivngr.
Best,J. W., & Kahn, J. V. (2009) Research in
Education. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

80