VernaLewis

AnatomyMrs.Lafferty
1stperiod
1/16/15
Agroupofmusclecellsarebundledtogetherbycollagentoformafascicle.Sincemuscle
cellsareelongatedandcylindrical,eachmusclecellisusuallycalledamusclefiber.In
skeletalmuscle,themusclefibersareverylarge,multinucleated,anduptoseveral
millimetersinlength.Lookingatonemusclefiber,youwillseethatalmosttheentire
crosssectionofthemusclefiberistakenupbylong,cylindricalstrandsofcontractile
proteinscalledmyofibrils.Typicallytherearehundredsoftheseinonecrosssectionofa
musclefiber.Lookingatonemyofibril,weseethatitisdividedintosegmentscalled
sarcomeres.

Picture1:SkeletalMuscleDrawingandLabels.

Thesearethecontractileunitsofamuscle.AdarkstripecalledaZdiscmarkstheendsof
onesarcomereandthebeginningofthenext.Sarcomeresarecomposedofthickfilaments
andthinfilaments.ThethinfilamentsareattachedatoneendtoaZdiscandextend
towardthecenterofthesarcomere.Thethickfilaments,bycontrast,lieatthecenterof
thesarcomereandoverlapthethinfilaments.Calciumtriggerscontractionbyreaction
withregulatoryproteinsthatintheabsenceofcalciumpreventinteractionofactinand
myosin.Twodifferentregulatorysystemsarefoundindifferentmuscles.Inactinlinked
regulationtroponinandtropomyosinregulateactinbyblockingsitesonactinrequiredfor
complexformationwithmyosininmyosinlinkedregulationsitesonmyosinareblocked
intheabsenceofcalcium.
(
SzentGyrgyi,A.G.(1975).Calciumregulationofmuscle
contraction.BiophysicalJournal,15(7),707723.)

Picture23:
Left
:RabbitmusclebeforeATPsolution.
Right
:RabbitMuscleafterATP
solution.

Table1.RabbitMuscleLabCharts

Myofiber
Length
(%change)

Lengthof
Myofibers
beforeATP
solution

AfterATP
solution

InitialContracted=
change
mmmmin
length

(%
contracted)%
ofcont./
initiallength
=%

Trial1

19mm

12mm

7mm

37%

Trial2

15

12

20%

Trial3

22

15

32%

Trial4

18

11

37%

Trial5

13

38%

BeforeATP

AfterATP

Degreeof
Diameterchange

%Diameter
change

Trial1

14

100%

Trial2

133%

Trial3

50%

Trial4

Trial5

Physically,theyarecompleteopposites.Longdistancerunnersarelean,whichbestsuitsthem
forcoveringground.Sprintersarepowerfullybuiltandexplosivelyfastforshorterstretches.The
tworunnersdifferinspeedandbodytype.Longdistancerunnersdeveloplong,leanmuscles,
particularlyinthelowerbody.Sprintershavethickmuscles.Strongthighsandcalveshelpthe
sprinterburstfromthestartingline.Sprintersalsohavestrongupperbodies.Powerfularms
pumpandprovidemaximumspeedandpowerwhileaidingbalance.Longdistancerunnersrely
onaerobictrainingtogetreadyforraces.Sprintersalsodoaerobictraining,buttheyliftweights
toaddmuscle.

slowOxidative

fastoxidative
glycolytic

fastglycolytic

Fiberdiameter

smallest

intermediate

greatest

force

lowest

intermediate

greatest

Myosin

slow

fastest

fastest

contractionvelocity

slow

fast

fast

methodsofATP
generation

aerobicrespiration

both

glycolysis

glycogenstores

low

intermediate

igh

capillaries

many

many

few

myogoblincontent

high

high

low

color

red

pink

white

ContinuousGripLab

Verna

Roshodd

10seconds

150.1N

260.1N

2030seconds

93.3N

248.8N

4050seconds

86.1N

159.6N

6070seconds

91.8N

126.4N

8090seconds

85N

134.4N

PictureAbove:ConstantGripStrengthLab.
PictureBelow:RepetitiveGripStrengthLab.

Verna

Roshodd

10seconds

153.9N

185.4N

2030seconds

82.4N

262.5N

4050seconds

104.5N

176N

6070seconds

99.4N

200.4N

8090seconds

86.3N

275.7N