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#!
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"
""
#
#
# "
5 !
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>#
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&
s yd
4% =
4%
#
# !""
! &
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x b f cd
N rd = As f sd As E s sd
)! $
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M rd = As f sd d
.
h
h
h
+ As E s s d + x b f cd x
2
2
2
c cu
##
#%
# "
"
#!
)! $
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5 !
>#
>#
(
%
%>
"" &
s yd
# "
#
# !""
4% =
#
4%
! &
c cu
##
N rd = As f sd As f sd x b f cd
)! $
"
M rd = As f sd d
.
h
h
h
+ As f sd d + x b f cd x
2
2
2
%>
5 !
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# "
"
## #!
c = cu
""
&
'
s yd
4% =
4%
#
# !"" (
'
s yd &
!
!
"
)! $
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N rd = As f sd As f sd 0 x b f cd
)! $
"
M rd = As f sd d
.
h
h
h
0 x
+ As f sd
d + 0 x b f cd
2
2
2
%>
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## #!
&
#
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s yd
4% =
4%
#
# !"" (
s < yd &
#
!
c = cu
)! $
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N rd = As E s s As f sd 0 x b f cd
)! $
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.
h
h
h
+ As f sd
d + 0 x b f cd
0 x
2
2
2
!
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&
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5 !
## #!
# "
4% =
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'
4%
#
# !""
N rd = As Es s As f sd * x b f cd
)! $
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M rd = As E s s d
h
h
h
+ As f sd d + * x b f cd * x
2
2
2
# "
* x = 0.8 h
* x = 0.4 h
(1 )3
2
3 ( )
3
(
1 )
1
*
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= 0 .5 1
2
6 ( )
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# "
x
h
y
=
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y=
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h
cu
1
#
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%>
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&
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.
h
h
h
+ As f sd d + * x b f cd * x
2
2
2
# "
* x = 0.8 h
* x = 0.4 h
(1 )3
2
3 ( )
3
(
1 )
1
*
= 0 .5 1
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2
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# "
x
h
y
=
h
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y=
cu c
h
cu
1
##
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%>
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%
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#%
# "
#!
)! $
'
# "
&
s = s = 0.02
.
N rd = As f sd As f sd h b f cd
)! $
5 !
"
M rd = As f sd d
.
h
h
+ As f sd d
2
2
4% =
!
#
# !""
4%
!
c = c1 = 0.02
##
# !"
'
# "
B=
[cm]
AG@=
F=
DE
h = 80
[kN
[kN
f cd = 1.328
cu = 0.0035
c1 = 0.0020
[cm ]
[cm ]
As = 21.99
As = 9.42
DG@=
# !""
Rck = 25 / 30
[cm]
[cm]
[cm]
b = 40
d = 76
d = 4
cm 2
cm
]
]
( s = s = 0.01 ; c
$ BBH
f sd = 37.39
sd = 0.01
yd = 0.00187
= 0)
N rd+ = ( As f sd + As f sd )
h
h
As f sd d
2
2
= 21.99 37.39 (76 40 ) 9.42 37.39 (40 4 ) = 169
M rd = As f sd d
M rd
,%
= 0.01 ; s < yd ; c = 0)
%
s : d = s : d
"
%"
s = s
d
4
= 0.01
= 0.0005263 < yd
d
76
N rd+ = ( As f sd + As E s s )
M rd = As f sd d
M rd
# ( .
[kN
cm 2
,%
= sd ; s yd ; cu = 0.0035)
%
"
%"
# ( .
cu
0.0035
d =
76 = 19.70
cu + sd
0.0035 + 0.01
cu : x = sd : (d x )
x=
cu : x = s : ( x d )
s = cu
[cm]
x d
19.7 4
= 0.0035
= 0.00279 > yd
x
19.7
N rd = As f sd As f sd 0 x b f cd
N rd = 21.99 37.39 9.42 37.39 0.8 19.7 40 1.328 = 367
M rd = As f sd d
h
h
h
+ As f sd d + 0 x b f cd 0 x
2
2
2
M rd = 21.99 37.39 (76 40 ) + 9.42 37.39 (40 4 ) + 0.8 19.7 40 1.328 (40 0.4 19.7 ) = 691
(
,%
= yd ; s yd ; cu = 0.0035)
%
"
%"
# ( .
cu
0.0035
d =
76 = 49.53
cu + yd
0.0035 + 0.00187
cu : x = yd : (d x )
x=
cu : x = s : ( x d )
s = cu
[cm]
x d
49.53 4
= 0.0035
= 0.00322 > yd
x
49.53
N rd = As f sd As f sd 0 x b f cd
N rd = 21.99 37.39 9.42 37.39 0.8 49.53 40 1.328 = 1635
M rd = As f sd d
h
h
h
+ As f sd d + 0 x b f cd 0 x
2
2
2
M rd = 21.99 37.39 (76 40 ) + 9.42 37.39 (40 4 ) + 0.8 49.53 40 1.328 (40 0.4 49.53) = 847
,%
yd ; s yd ; cu = 0.0035)
%
"
cu : h = s : (h d )
s = cu
h d
80 4
= 0.0035
= 0.00332 > yd
h
80
cu : h = s : (h d )
s = cu
hd
80 76
= 0.0035
= 0.000175 < yd
h
80
##
"" %
# "
%"
# ( .
.x = h
N rd = As E s s As f sd 0 h b f cd
N rd = 21.99 21000 0.000175 9.42 37.39 0.8 80 40 1.328 = 3833
h
h
h
+ As f sd d + 0 h b f cd 0 h
2
2
2
M rd = As Es s d
M rd = 21.99 21000 0.000175 (76 40 ) + 9.42 37.39 (40 4 ) + 0.8 80 40 1.328 (40 0.4 80 ) = 370
C
##
"" %
# "
.x = h
N rd = As f sd As f sd h b f cd
N rd = 21.99 37.39 9.42 37.39 80 40 1.328 = 5424
M rd = As f sd d
h
h
+ As f sd d
2
2
2
9
%
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"
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# %% #
% '
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% #
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5.
M sd = 350 [kN m]
%"
% #
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@.
N sd = 800 [kN ]
M sd = 500 [kN m]
9
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*+
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cu : x = s : (d x )
) ' *
*
"
''
''
x > xC =
,
deformazio
ne
del cls
'
,
3
3
' (
cu
d
cu + yd
s =
dx
cu
x
As E s s 0 x b f cd = 0
* ' ,
>)
*' 2 3 )
'
* ,,
M rd = As E s s (d 0 x )
#
*'
' (
*
(
' +
' ,
* * * '
* '
((
*
*
'
''
'
,
!"
3*
98
'
*
'
BB.E #
'
' #
'
' #
'
7 CDA8
*
'
'
(( *
"
* #
' #
=!
"
!
''1
]
cm ]
cm 2
2
[daN cm ]
[cm ]
2
As f sd
18.84 3740
=
= 0.296
f cd b d 132 30 60
0.296
= s =
= 0.37
0
0.8
*#
(
*#
''
,
* ' ,
'
[cm]
x = d = 0.37 60 = 22.2
M Rd = As f sd (d 0 x )
M Rd = 36020
[daN m]
As f sd 0 x b f cd = 0
18.84 3740
x=
= 22.24
0.8 30 132
''
[cm]
M Rd = As f sd (d 0 x )
[daN m]
M Rd = 36010
'
s =
*#
''1
f sd
3740
=
= 0.00187
E s 2.06 10 6
cu
0.0035
C =
=
= 0.652
cu + yd 0.0035 + 0.00187
*(
''
4300
= 3740
1.15
4300
f sd =
= 3740
1.15
As = 18.84
f sd =
[daN
[daN
]
cm ]
cm ]
cm 2
yd =
( 6
=!
) ' *
[daN
[daN
[daN
A = 0.2593
'
( 6=
f yk = 4300
*#
1*
<
Rck = 300
C8
('
' '
*
F * ( *'1
' ;G
'
''
= !
'1
(( *
*
''
** (
R
3*
!"
'
''
''
1*
*#
''
2 ''
'
'3' *
(
'
(*
C8
7H
*
'3' *
'
BB.E #
'
''
('
#
'
' #
* '3' *
* #
<
( 6=
Rck = 300
f ck = 0.83 Rck = 249
f
f cd = 0.85 ck = 132
1.6
f yk = 4300
f sd =
' #
'
R = 0.25
'
M Rd = b d 2 f cd Rd = 35640 [daN m]
* 3#
98
As f sd
18.84 3740
=
= 0.296
f cd b d 132 30 60
s =
4300
= 3740
1.15
M Sd = 41500
[daN
[daN
[daN
[daN
[daN
]
cm ]
cm ]
cm ]
cm ]
cm 2
[daN m]
2
2
2
1 ' ,,
'
'
'
M Sd
3
*(
* '1 *
(
'
'
'
* As
'
( * 3*
As
!
'1
'
'
'
''
''
8 20
)
s f cd b d
f sd
(
*
' * (( *
'
*3*
'
1*
As #
** (
As f sd
= 0.395
f cd b d
s
0.8
* '
''
3' *
3*
3
(( **
'' 2 ' Rd
** (
'
3 * (( *
* # s = 0.395 Rd = 0.3152
*
M Rd = Rd b d 2 f cd = 44935 > M Sd
3
' (* '
[cm ]
0.352 132 30 60
= 22.36
3740
As f sd
f cd b d
' +#
'
1*
s =
[ ]
((
s #
'
s =
'
'
As = 25.13 cm 2
** (
* ' '
* '' '
M Sd
41500 10 2
=
= 0.291
b d 2 f cd 30 60 2 132
s = 0.352
As =
' ,, * '
( *
'
Sd #
' 3 ' * Sd = Rd
''
( ?
' (*
,
*
M Sd
0.9 d f sd
' ,,
Sd =
*
,,
''
'
('
'
(
'1 *
* '3 '
*2 '
'
'
(*
[daN m]
'1 ' ,,
'
((
'
[ ]
As = 25.13 cm 2
'
Sd
'
'
'
' s
*
!"
I *
C8
7 BD;B
*
'
'
'3' * * '
=!
' ,,
!
'
'
BB.E #
'
'
<
Rck = 300
#
* #
4300
= 3740
1.15
As = 6.16
*#
[daN cm ]
[daN cm ]
[daN cm ]
[daN cm ]
[daN cm ]
[cm ]
2
f sd =
' #
2
2
2
A = 0.2593
cu
0.0035
C =
=
= 0.652
cu + yd 0.0035 + 0.00187
1*
As f sd
6.16 3740
=
= 0.097
f cd b d 132 30 60
* (
(
s =
*#
'
*(
[daN m]
('
' #
0.050 s 0.21 ( *
''
[cm]
M Rd = 41530 > M Sd
1
1
11.866
8.733 = 11.866 1
b
b
2b
# b = 23
98
(( *
# Sd = s 1
** (
** (
M Sd
1
= 8.733
2
b d f cd
b
A f
1
s = s sd = 11.866
f cd b d
b
b#
* 8 20
Sd =
b#
'1 )
'1 *
'
' (* (* +
'3
'
hsb =
.#
''
[cm ]
As f sd
= 5.82
b f cd
M Rd = As f sd d
M Rd = 13152
hs ,b
2
[daN m]
=!
"
"
'
''1
0.066 + 0.924 s
0.066 + 0.924 0.097 = 0.156
''1
x = d = 0.156 60 = 9.36
*#
4.57 11.1
= 0.622
(1 )2
0.33 0.13
= 0.367
=
(1 )
'
M rd = As f sd (d x )
[daN m]
M rd = 13031
!"
I *
C8
98
7 JDAB
*
'
'
(( *
"
,
*
I
)
'
BB.E #
'
'
<
Rck = 300
#
* #
' #
[daN cm ]
[daN cm ]
[daN cm ]
[daN cm ]
[daN cm ]
[cm ]
2
4300
= 3740
1.15
As = 36.19
f sd =
' #
*#
1*
2
2
2
''1
*#
(
As f sd
36.19 3740
=
= 0.569
f cd b d 132 30 60
0.569
= s =
= 0.712
0
0.8
s =
*#
( *'
**
('
A = 0.2593
cu
0.0035
C =
=
= 0.652
cu + yd 0.0035 + 0.00187
'
'
(
'
(* * ' 3 ' *
((*
'
* '
!
*
) ' *
''
* ' ,
s =
x#
60 x
dx
cu =
0.0035
x
x
As s 0 x b f cd = 0
As E s s 0 x b f cd = 0
36.19 2.06 10 6
x = 40.29
[cm]
60 x
0.0035 0.8 x 30 132 = 0
x
''
'
M rd = As Es s (d 0 x )
s #
s =
60 40.29
0.0035 = 0.00172
40.29
[daN m]
!" "
#
1 ' ,,
''1 *
;
$
*
!"
(*
""
' +#
3*
'
s = s ,balance
'
(* *
( *'
,
3 ' * M Rd > M Sd 2
''1 *
*
(*
2( ** *, * ' ,
'
'
(
''
* *
*
'1 *
*
(*
*
) '
*
*
) '
**
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A
3 '
' + *
(*
'
*
* ,,
3 *
*3
**
* ', * '1
'
*'
'1 *
M Rd *
M Rd , I
M Rd , II
2 '1 *
*
( ? * ** *
*3
''
((
('
(*
AS , I = As As
*
'' )
'
AS ,II = As
*
''
* ' # M Rd = [M I + M II ]Rd
'
K
0
0 K
*'
''
,
((
*
'1 *
*
(*
''1 *
*
3' *
' ' * '
# = 0 = 0 .8 = 0 = 0 .4
'
,
((
*
*
*
As = As '
''
,
( ?
*
('
' '
*
*
'
'
* ,,
(*
'
#
M Rd = As s (d d )
' :8G
*
*
'
* ''
''
s = f sd
s yd
s = E s s
s < yd
s =
d
x d
c = c 1
s d
x
c =
x
sd
dx
3#
!"
I *
98
7 BDA8
*
#
'
'
BB.E #
'
* *#
( * *#
C8
' ,,
,
''
((*
''
''1
''
*
!
* #
' #
'
('
Rck = 300
f ck = 0.83 Rck = 249
f
f cd = 0.85 ck = 132
1.6
f yk = 4300
4300
= 3740
1.15
As = 25.13
f sd =
' #
''
''
As = 12.57
'
('
,
,
b f cd
*
*
*
*
('
(( #
(( #
[cm]
= 11.86
M Rd , I = As , I f sd d
[cm ]
[cm]
x = hs ,b 0.8 = 14.83
*#
As , I f sd
As , I = As As = 12.56
hs , b =
.#
[daN cm ]
[daN cm ]
[daN cm ]
[daN cm ]
[daN cm ]
[cm ]
[cm ]
2
*(
*
"
((
7 JDA8
h s ,b
2
M Rd , I = 25400
[daN m]
As , II = As = 12.56
[cm ]
M Rd , II = As , II f sd (d d )
M Rd , II = 26305
[daN m]
* ''
''
''
x d
14.83 4
cu =
0.0035
x
14.83
f
s = 0.00255 > sd *
*3
Es
M Rd = M Rd , I + M Rd , II = 51700
s =
!
*
''
(( *
"
''1 *
'
('
('
''1
#
#
*#
[cm ]
As , I = As As = 12.56
s,I =
As , I f sd
= 0.197
b d f cd
0.066 + 0.924 s , I
''1
x = d = 0.156 60 = 14.88
*#
4.57 11.1
= 0.797
(1 )2
0.33 0.13
= 0.396
=
(1 )
'
M rd ,I = As , I f sd (d x )
M rd = 25417
''
''
(( #
(( #
As , II = As = 12.56
( *
'
*
''
((
'
( ?* 3 *
*
*
' ' * '
'*
[daN m]
M Rd = M Rd , I + M Rd , II = 51722
'' ( * '
#
d
d
)
[cm ]
M Rd , II = As , II f sd (d d )
M Rd , II = 26305
[daN m]
As
As
'
' 3'
''
!"
C8
98
7 JDAB
*
'
'
Rck = 300
#
'
'
BB.E #
'
* #
' #
4300
= 3740
1.15
As = 36.19
f sd =
' #
*#
*
(
*
2'
''
2
2
[daN m]
A = 0.2593
cu
0.0035
C =
=
= 0.652
cu + yd 0.0035 + 0.00187
!
*
#
M rd = As Es s (d 0 x )
[daN cm ]
[daN cm ]
[daN cm ]
[daN cm ]
[daN cm ]
[cm ]
''1
*
(
* * '
C92 3
*3
3 ' * = 0.712 > 0.45
'
,
,
**+
'
''
(
* * * *
'
3
98
* *#
As = 27.14
( * *#
As = 9.05
[cm ]
[cm ]
2
2
C8
K 7 ADAB
7 CDAB
!
*
''
(( *
"
,
''1 *
''1
*#
('
('
#
#
As , I = As As = 18.09
s ,I =
As ,I f sd
= 0.285
b d f cd
As ,I f sd 0 x b f cd = 0
x=
18.09 3740
= 21.35
0.8 30 132
[cm ]
2
( 6
[cm]
'
'
''
''
M rd ,I = As , I f sd (d x )
(( #
(( #
M rd = 34816
[daN m]
As , II = As = 9.05
[cm ]
2
M Rd , II = As , II f sd (d d )
M Rd , II = 18954
* ''
''
''
'
) ''
''
*
,
21.35 4
x d
0.0035
cu =
x
21.35
f
s = 0.00285 > sd *
*3
Es
s =
[daN m]
M Rd = M Rd , I + M Rd ,II = 53770
#
3*
('
'
*
' +
2
''1
#
'
33 *
x 21.35
=
= 0.35 < 0.45
d
60
,
((
*
* (*
2
+
2
* *
' +
*
*
' 3 ''
' +
(M ' )
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0.2593 d
0.0035
0.01
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0.2593 d
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d
0.0035 + yd
0.0035
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0.002
d h
0.0035
h
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s < yd =
##
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0.0035
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0.01
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0.0035
yd
0.0035
d
0.0035 + yd
$
##
c < c1 = 0.002
0.002 s cu = 0.0035
s = Es s
s = f sd
c = 1000 c ( 250 c + 1) f cd
c = f cd
# $
! !
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M = N emin . #
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8(I%+
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Rck = 300
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##
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1 ++FH
4300
= 3740
1.15
As = 7.70
8,I%+
As = 4.62
# ) $
%
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6
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! ""/
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$
$
"
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$
$
$
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6
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""/
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[daN ]
[daN ]
[daN ]
)
")
"
[daN m]
= 2419
s = sd = 0.01
s = sd = 0.01
c =
1 ##
Fs = As f sd = 28798
Fs = As f sd = 17278
N Rd = Fs + Fs = 46077
"1
$
$
$
$
$$
h
h
d + Fs d
2
2
'
x = 7
""/
"
"
M = Fs
f sd =
$ ! # "# "
[daN cm ]
[daN cm ]
[daN cm ]
[daN cm ]
[daN cm ]
[cm ]
[cm ]
s = sd
#
'7
= 0.01
d
sd = 0.00087 < yd
d
c =
Fs = As f sd = 28798
Fs = As E s s = 8029
N Rd = Fs + Fs = 36837
s =
$$
"
"1 #
h
h
M = Fs d + Fs d
= 4359
2
2
[daN ]
[daN ]
[daN ]
[daN m]
sd
6
#
! ""/
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$
$
$
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h
h
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2
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""/
"# "#
"
"
"
$$
"1
h
h
d + Fs d
2
2
[daN ]
[daN ]
[daN ]
N Rd = Fs + Fs + Fc 9
[daN ]
h
x = 12323
2
cu 7
s = sd = 0.01
c = cu = 0.0035
cu
xA =
d = 11.93
cu + sd
[daN m]
[cm]
x
= 0.2593
d
x d
s =
cu = 0.00233 > yd
x
Fs = As f sd = 28798
Fs = As f sd = 17279
Fc = 0 x b f cd = 37795
[daN ]
[daN ]
[daN ]
N Rd = Fs + Fs + Fc 26275
[daN ]
A =
" ! ""/
x
= 0.1667
d
x d
s =
c1 = 0.00096 < yd
x
Fs = As f sd = 28798
Fs = As E s s = 8835
Fc = x b f cd = 19954
sd
6
#
! ""/
"# "#
$
$
M = Fs
$$
"1
[cm]
" ! ""/
c1 7
s = sd = 0.01
c = c1 = 0.002
c1
x=
d = 7.67
c1 + sd
#
+ Fc
h
0 x = 17321
2
[daN m]
6
$
cu
! ""/
"# "#
! ""/
$$
! ""/
$
$
$
"
"
"
""/
""/
"# "#
"
"
"
M = Fs
h
h
d + Fs d
2
2
6
$
+ Fc
cu
#
"# "#
! ""/
$$
! ""/
$
$
"
"
""/
""/
"
"# "#
"
"
"
$$
"1
h
h
d + Fs d
2
2
x
= 0.4117
d
x d
s =
cu = 0.00276 > yd
x
Fs = As f sd = 28798
Fs = As f sd = 17279
Fc = 0 x b f cd = 60411
[daN ]
[daN ]
[daN ]
N Rd = Fs + Fs + Fc 48892
[daN ]
h
0 x = 20200
2
s = yd 1 " # !
7
s = yd = 0.00187
c = cu = 0.0035
cu
xC =
d = 29.98
cu + s
[daN m]
[cm]
x
= 0.6517
d
x d
s =
cu = 0.00303 > yd
x
Fs = As f sd = 28798
Fs = As f sd = 17279
Fc = 0 x b f cd = 94976
[daN ]
[daN ]
[daN ]
N Rd = Fs + Fs + Fc 83457
[daN ]
C =
" ! ""/
[cm]
! ""/
M = Fs
$$
"1
A =
" ! ""/
s > yd
1
s = 0.005
c = cu = 0.0035
cu
x=
d = 18.94
cu + s
#
+ Fc
h
0 x = 22030
2
[daN m]
-/
! ""/
"# "#
! ""/
$$
! ""/
$
$
$
"
"
"
""/
""/
"# "#
"
"
"
h
h
d + Fs d
2
2
$
$
$
! ""/
+ Fc
$$
"
"
""/
""/
"
"# "#
"
"
"
$$
"1
N Rd = Fs + Fs + Fc 118663
[daN ]
s = 0 7
s = 0
c = cu = 0.0035
x = cu d = 46
cu
[daN m]
[cm]
x
=1
d
d d
s =
cu = 0.00320 > yd
d
Fs = 0
Fs = As f sd = 17279
Fc = 0 d b f cd = 145728
[daN ]
[daN ]
[daN ]
N Rd = Fs + Fs + Fc 163000
[daN ]
! ""/
$
$
[daN ]
[daN ]
[daN ]
h
0 x = 18786
2
" ! ""/
x
= 0.789
d
x d
s =
cu = 0.00311 > yd
x
Fs = As E s s = 14399
Fs = As f sd = 17279
Fc = 0 x b f cd = 115782
cu
6
#
! ""/
"# "#
M = Fs
$$
"1
[cm]
" ! ""/
M = Fs
s = yd 2 7
s > yd = 0.000935
c = cu = 0.0035
cu
x=
d = 36.30
cu + s
cu
h
h
d + Fc 0 d = 13250
2
2
[daN m]
<
$
6
! ""/
$
cu
"# "#
$$
! ""/
$
$
"
"
""/
""/
"
"# "#
"
"
$$
"
"1
h
h
d + Fs d
2
2
;
$
6
#
! ""/
$
$
"# "#
! ""/
"
""/
$
$
"
"
""/
"# "#
"
"
Fc = 0 h b f cd = 159480
[daN ]
[daN ]
[daN ]
N Rd = Fs + Fs + Fc 181071
[daN ]
#
+ Fc
h
0 h = 10697
2
[daN m]
s = c1 = 0.002 > yd
c = c1 = 0.002
s = c1 = 0.002 > yd
$$
Fc = h b f cd = 199350
[daN ]
[daN ]
[daN ]
N Rd = Fs + Fs + Fc 245427
[daN ]
Fs = As f sd = 28798
Fs = As f sd = 17279
$$
"1
h
h
d + Fs d
2
2
[daN m]
= 2419
Nu
#
$
[cm]
c = 0.002 7
"
M = Fs
x = h = 50
hd
s =
cu = 0.00028 < yd
h
c = cu = 0.0035
h d
s =
cu = 0.00322 > yd
h
Fs = As E s s = 4312
Fs = As f sd = 17279
! ""/
M = Fs
x = h7
"
N u = ( As + As ) f sd +
N u = 205556
h b f cd
1.25
[daN ]
##
##
#=
#=
[cm]
[daN m]
',444
'4444
"
%,444
%4444
,444
4
&%44444
&,4444
,4444
%44444
%,4444
'44444
',4444
(44444
&,444
" #
!
(N Sd ; M Sd )
$
#*
" !
" 6
# !
""/
##
#=
! #
! "!
. "
! ""
#
"
'
)
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%
!
!
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!" # "
"
!
(
%
% %
$
)
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$! %
"!
)
!
'
"
"
%
&
%
*
+
FSd = Felastica
""
% !
F
FSd = elastica
q
q = q0 K R K D
'
! %
% %
""
!
!
* !! % "
!, ""
.
"
q=
$
%
"
'
!-
"
% !!
!
&"
!+
/0
10
" )
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%
% $
% ! !
30
"
!
!
!
%
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"
%
% %
% %
!- !
!- $
!!
!- ! &
% !! !
!!
% %
! -+
!!
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= 2 .5
!, ""
% +
q6
q 2.5
q 1.7
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"
% !+
% !+
q SLD
! 2
KD =1
K D = 0 .7
4 5+
465+
% %
! 2" ! 0
! 2 !!
"
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/0
10
30
!
%
-%
/0
10
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2
2
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0
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2 .5
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FSLD =
Fel
2.5
<
<!
< !%
<!
*
!
"
% !!
% "
%
7
" !
+
"
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/0
!
!
[daN
[daN
Rck 250
f ck 200
% !
19:1;
]
cm ]
cm 2
2
10
!
)
% !
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%
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% %
"
"
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%
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su ,k = 8%
1.15 <
!+
f y ,eff
f y ,nom
fu
< 1.35
fy
< 1.25
!
!
8
/0
!
! !
'
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!=;> % !!
10
"
)
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0.
$0 .
""
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"
<
$ %
"
N a 0 .2 M
<
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8
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%
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?0
!
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"
%
! : "
%)
+
&!
% ))
%%
r
> 0.8
lS
+
r2 =
k torsionale
k flessionale
l S2 =
1
L2 + B 2
12
""
% ))
! %
"
!"
"
% !!, %
<
q = q0 K D K R
q0
!! " !
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%" %
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KD
KR
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q0
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3 .0
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u
u
u
u
u
"
"#"
"#"
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1 = 1 .1
1 = 1 .2
1 = 1 .3
1 = 1 .1
1 = 1 .2
K D = 1 .0
K D = 0 .7
!- !
!- $
!+
!
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""
% %
% %
%
%
!+
KR
"
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KD
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K R = 1 .0
K R = 0 .8
! ))
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%
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"
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%
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+
86
<
M = max[M A ; M B ]
1 * ! "
%
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! "!
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M Rd
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<
<
6
86& %
'
u * !"
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& %
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!!
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u F h = 2 (M A, Rd + M B , Rd )
'
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!!
! )+
M A, Rd = M D , Rd
M B , Rd = M C ,Rd
!
"
!,
! ! M Sd &
! "
% %
$
% $
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u =
<
)
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M Rd *
%
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trave
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M Rd
< M Rd
10
!!
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A
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VM l = M Rd
+ M Rd
VM =
! &"
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)
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% %
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%
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%)
%,
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M Rd
+ M Rd
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!!
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VSd = Vg + 1.2 VM
!!
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465+
VSd = Vg + VM
%
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'
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Vmin
"
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VR1 = 10 Rd bw d
+
2
(R ) 3
Rd = ck
"
28
bw
d
!!
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[MPa] = [MN
! ' )) % !!,
! ))
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M 1, Rd + M 2, Rd + M 3, p < M 4, p
8/& %
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M 1, Rd + M 2, Rd + M 3, p
M 4, p
8?&.
83&.
M 1, Rd + M 2, Rd < M 3, p + M 4, p
8/& %
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= 1 .2
M 1, Rd + M 2,Rd
M 3, p + M 4 , p
%
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1 .
&
2 &
"
nv , f = 1
&
&&
Fs =
b ,v
(
Fs
nv , f nb , f
V
= b ,Z f d ,V
Ares , f
+
&
"
+ Nf
Vb ,Z =
" -
nv , f
h tf
# nv , f = 2
"
1 $
nb , f
Mf
&
"
c =
Fs
fd
An ,1
An ,1 = (bc , f t c , f ) 2 b , f t c , f
"
c =
Fs
fd
An , 2
An , 2 = bc , f t c , f + 2 bc*, f t c , f 4 b , f t c , f
1 $
bc , f
% &&
bc*, f
% &&
tc, f
"
nv = 1
"
# nv = 2
"
"
rif =
2, 1 .
Vb ,Z nv , f
fd
d b, f t f
Mw
z
Gb
Nw
y
/
2 &
&
Vy
2 &
Nw
0
0
"
Mw
T = Vy e
Tb = T + M w
"
$
&
Vy -
&&
&&
Vb(,VY ) =
Nz -
Vb(,NZ ) =
Tb -
Vb(,TY ) =
Vb(,TZ) =
Tb -
"
Rb ,v =
Vy
nv ,w nb ,w
N w, z
nv ,w nb ,w
Tb z max
nv ,w
n
i =1
(z
+ yi2
2
i
Tb y max
nv ,w
n
i =1
(z
2
i
+ yi2
(V ( ) + V ( ) ) + (V (
V
b ,Y
T
b ,Y
N)
b ,Z
+ Vb(,TZ)
b ,v =
" -
"
f d ,V
Ares , f
&
hc,w
tc,w
Rb ,v
y
An ,cw = 2 (hc ,w t c ,w nfori b ,w t c ,w )
&
"
&
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Wn ,cw =
"
"
J n ,cw = 2
&
12
b , w t c , w
2 J n ,cw
hc ,w
Vy
An ,cw
fd
2
id = 2 + 3 med
fd
nv = 2
rif =
Rb ,v nv
d b ,w t w
fd
nv = 2
rif =
yi2
i
Nw
T
+ b fd
An ,cw Wn ,cw
med =
t c ,w hc3,w
Rb ,v nv
d b ,w 2 t c ,w
fd
"
&
&
"
"
An = A n fori , f t f b , f n fori ,w t w b ,w
0
&
" -
J n , xx = J xx n fori , f b , f
0
&
Wn , xx =
"
Mx
N
+
fd
An Wn , xx
"
w =
&
M
N
h
+ x
t f fd
An J n , xx 2
med =
"
2 J n , xx
f =
"
h tf
tf
2 2
Vy
h t w n fori ,w b ,w t w
2
id = w2 + 3 med
fd
fd
3
b , w t w
yi2
, 06.
$
&
))
6 /
1 .. / 7
&&
(
"
$
$
,
2 &
"" $
%
$
Vw,max = Aw,n
( -
h2
M w,max
( -
& (
&&
Fs = A f ,n amm = b t f nb ( f tt ) amm
1 $J xxw,n
/).) )
&
amm
= h2 t w nb ( f t w )
3
2
= J xxw,n amm
h
" )
amm
Fy
" ex
!
$
&
Fy #
Fy
!
$
'
& &
$ $ $
% #
)*
+
,*
,*
,+
,+
+
Fy
(Fy )
//
Fy
nc a g , y L y
Fy
2 ag , y Ly
Ty = V y x
Tx = Vx y
T = Fy e x
Ty
Tx
Vy
Vx
$ $
[1]
& &
'
[1]
[2]
Ty. max
Ty = T
[2]
[3]
[3]
$ $
Ty = T
Tx = T
Ty . max
Ty . max + Tx. max
= Fy ex
f d ag , y Ly x
f d (a g , y L y x + a g , x Lx y )
Fy ex a g , y L y x
a g , y L y x + a g , x Lx y
f d a g , x Lx y
Fy ex a g , x Lx y
Tx. max
= Fy ex
=
Ty . max + Tx. max
f d (a g , y L y x + a g , x Lx y ) a g , y L y x + a g , x Lx y
Vy =
Vx =
Ty
x
Fy e x a g , y L y
a g , y L y x + a g , x Lx y
Fy e x a g , x L x
Tx
=
y a g , y L y x + a g , x Lx y
(Vy )
// =
//(V ) =
x
Vy
ag , y Ly
Fy e x
a g , y L y x + a g , x Lx y
Fy ex
Vx
=
a g , x Lx a g , y L y x + a g , x Lx y
(
(Vy )
(Fy )
//, y = // + //
//, x = //(V ) =
x
Fy ex
a g , y L y x + a g , x Lx y
Fy e x
a g , y L y x + a g , x Lx y
Fy
2 ag , y Ly
M sd
Vsd
-0
-/
-.
nb
nbf ,i
Ares
%&' (
""
& )
"
Vb ,v =
%
"
b =
%&' (
Vsd
nb
& )
' *
Ares
f dV
&
"
"
Vb ,v
"
+
+
,
"
&+
"
"
1
c b yc 1 nbf ,1 Ares 2 nbf , 2 Ares 3 nbf ,3 Ares = 0
2
n tesi
1
c b yc Ares nbf ,i i = 0
2
i =1
"
3
"
c : yc = i : ( yi y c )
i =
yi yc
c
yc
+
#
"
"
"
n tesi
b 2
yc Ares nbf ,i ( yi yc ) = 0
2
i =1
b 2
yc Ares nbf ,1 ( y1 yc ) + nbf , 2 ( y 2 yc ) + nbf ,3 ( y3 yc ) = 0
2
5
y1
yc
"
"
J=
n tesi
b y c3
2
+ Ares nbf ,i ( yi y c )
3
i =1
b
2
2
2
J = yc3 + Ares nbf ,1 ( y1 y c ) + nbf , 2 ( y 2 yc ) + nbf ,3 ( y3 yc )
3
%
c =
%
N b ,i =
M sd
yc f d
J
"
M sd
( yi yc ) Ares
J
b ,i =
N b ,i
Ares
f dN
b
f dN
b
f dV
4&1 7
&+
,
5, 9
!
$
"
"
"
"
b ,max =
N b ,max
Ares
M sd y max
Ares
n tesi
i =1
nbf ,i y
"
N b ,max =
M y max
sd
n tesi
i =1
nbf ,i yi2
2
i
f dN
Ns = M s h
Nd = M d h
Vs
Vd
FS = N d N s
N s h N d h + Vs
FS =
!"
Vs = 18[kN ]
Vd = 12[kN ]
M s = 48[kN m]
M d = 63[kN m]
FS =
Vs + Vd
h
2
+ Vd = 0
2
2
#$ %&& '
M d M s 6300 4800
= 57.25[kN ]
h
h
26.2 26.2
FS =
Vs + Vd 18 + 12 100
=
= 57.25[kN ]
h
2
26.2
2
*
V S
FS = med b = med b =
J b
med 2
!
(
)
0
, -.
100 = 57.25[kN ]
*
1
!! "#$ %
! ""
!! "#$ *
+
!! "#$ *
' #
!! !*
!! $ & *
t w = 0.86
!!
, #& $ #
"#$ *
$ " *
A = 84.5
I 33 = 23130
, #& $ #
, # -!#
$ " *
$" *
I 22 = 1318
W33 = 1156.5
'
$" *
$" '!
#*
W pl ,33 = 1307
, # -!#
$" '!
#*
W pl , 22 = 229
.. #
$ "
# $#
.. #
$ "
# $#
!!
3
3
3
3
[kN
[kN
[kN
[kN
[kN
cm 2
cm 2
cm 2
45
, # -!#
, # -!#
!#
!
2*
.! $ *
$ 3 & $ #*
E = 21000
G = 8077
f y = 27.5
# - *
f u = 43.0
$"
#
0(
steel = 78.5
!!
[cm]
[cm]
#*
1 #*
i33 = 16.545
i22 = 3.949
/'#
# '
#.
[cm ]
[cm ]
[cm ]
[cm ]
[cm ]
[cm ]
[cm ]
W22 = 146.44
, # -!#
, # -!#
!#
[cm]
[cm]
[cm]
[cm]
"#$
"#$
!! 1# "
' #.
!%
M0
27.5
= 2112.5
1 .1
43
= 0.9 84.5
= 2616.12
1.25
= 84.5
[kN ]
fu
[kN ]
M2
$
Anet # $
#$ !
!! '#!#.
. -$"#$ 0-!!#$
]
]
]
cm ]
2
N t ,Rd
fy
m3
!#
7 ! #18
$#$
#$ #
$"
#& '
#$
' #.
N c ,Rd
b $
! 3 1
0 ! 2 # $# !!
1#
0 !2
!!
N b 33,Rd = 33 A A
A =1 '
"#$
22 $
33
.! $
0#!
fy
$#
'
3 & $
N b 22,Rd = 22 A A
M1
99
45 (56
A =1 '
"#$
fy
M1
99
-$. ""
!!
3 * l33 = 600 [cm]
-$. "" !0
$1! #$ *
l0,33 = l33 = 1 600 = 600 [cm]
-$. ""
!!
3 * l22 = 600 [cm]
-$. "" !0
$1! #$ *
l0, 22 = l22 = 1 600 = 600 [cm]
$ !! ""
!!
3 *
l
600
33 = 0,33 =
= 36.26
i33 16.545
$ !! ""
!!
3 *
l
600
22 = 0, 22 =
= 151.94
i22
3.949
#"
N cr ,33
-! $ *
E A 21000 84.5
=
=
= 13320.49
2
33
36.26 2
2
& $ #$ ! *
A A fy
= 0.4177
N cr ,33
22 =
'# '
33 =
#55
33 + [
2
33
2 0.5
33
N b 33,Rd = 33 A A
M 1 = 1 .1
55
= 0.9480
fy
M1
N cr , 22
-! $ *
E A 21000 84.5
=
=
= 758.63
222
151.94 2
2
$ !! ""
$ !! ""
33 =
#"
= 2002.77
& $ #$ ! *
A A fy
= 1.75
N cr , 22
'# '
22 =
#55
22 + [222 222 ]
0.5
N b 22,Rd = 22 A A
M 1 = 1 .1
55
= 0.2646
fy
M1
= 559.012
#.
#
$"
!!
1!
"#$
1!
#$ %
#$
' #.
M c 22,Rd = W pl , 22
$"
! #!!
#!!
1!
fy
M0
fy
M0
= 1307
= 229
#$
fy
45 :6
M0
27.5
= 32675
1 .1
[kN cm]
27.5
= 5725
1 .1
[kN cm]
M V ,Rd
.!#
!!
$"
V pl 33,Rd
fy
= 40 0.86
4 tw
# #$1#$
!& #& $ #
fy
M0
45
45
V pl ,Rd
.!#
V pl ,Rd = AV
V pl 22,Rd = h t w
;$
AV2
2 VSd
=
1
V pl ,Rd
! #!#
M c ,Rd
#
M c ,Rd = W pl
M c 33,Rd = W pl ,33
fy
3 M0
27.5
= 496.521
3 1.1
[kN ]
3 M0
fy
5
5
27.5
= tf b
= 1.35 18
= 584.567
3
3 M0 3
3 1.1
' !
# ' ' $ #!
!! $ & 9 !
5
AV = t f b 9 $
!2 <1# & -! ; 1 3#
3
$ !! - # #
#33 # AV = A hw t w
[kN ]
$#
5
AVSAP = t f b = 40.5
3
EC .3
AV = 84.5 (40 2 1.35) 0.86 = 47.2
.!# 3 $
- ""
'
! #!
#&
[cm]
[cm]
! #!#
!! '
$- !
! 3# #
.!# %
shear,ii =
$"
1!
#$
VSd ,ii
V pl ,ii ,Rd
# #$ %
M b ,Rd
M b , Rd = LT W pl
= 1
'
M cr = C1
"#$
2 E I 22
(k L )2
M cr = C1
(k L )2
# 11 $
k = 0 .5
k = 1 .0
k = 0 .7
# 11
k = 0 .5
k = 1 .0
k = 0 .7
k
kw
I (k L ) G I t
2
+
+ (C2 z g ) C2 z g
2
I 22
E I 22
2
1
It =
3
k
k
$ # <# '->
L2
-$
3
#'' # / # $
# $ ! .- $ & # #*
!-$. "" 11
$
#$1#$
# #& '! #
-$
&#
$
-$
&#% # $
-$ ! # $
#
!! ! #
2 E I 22
#'
'
I (k L ) G I t
+
I 22
2 E I 22
!-$. "" 11
$
#$1#$
$
# #& '! #
-$
&#
$
-$
&#% # $
-$ ! # $
#
!! ! #
M cr = C1
45 (=6
M1
# 7 !
# ; ''! # $ !0
#$ ! $ #
.!# !& #& $ #
2 E I 22
fy
I
L2 G I t
+ 2
I 22 E I 22
'
!!$.#00 & $ #
I 22 (h t f
!! # "#$
-$
&#
& )
& # !0 #
k = k = 1
[cm ]
4
&#
& )
& # !0 #
ai t i3 = 51.3
i
-$
[cm ]
6
[cm]
2 21000 1318
M cr ,33 =
600 2
$ !! ""
[kN cm]
& $ #$ !""
W pl ,33 f y
LT =
M cr ,33
1 1307 27.5
= 1.251
23000
LT =
LT + [
LT 3 ! 0.21 '
1
2
LT
2LT
M b ,Rd = LT W pl
0.5
"#$ ! & $
0.49 '
"#$
= 0.498
fy
M1
= 0.498 1 1307
27.5
= 163
1 .1
[kN m]
1 .!#0 ! 1! # # #$
$# ' '# *
[kN ]
N Sd = 50
. &&
M 33,Sd = 86,4 [kN m]
'
0#!
. &&
'
0#!
. &&
'
0#!
k 22 M 22, pl
k LT M 33,Sd
N Sd
+
+
1
min A f y LT W pl ,33 f y W pl , 22 f y
M1
M1
3# !!$
3#
45 5 6
M1
LT N Sd
22 A f y
#$ ! !&
"#$
k LT 1
LT = 0.15 22 M , LT 0.15
#$ ! !&
"#$
LT 0,9
k LT = 1
M , LT = M ,Q = 1.3
45 5 6
22 N Sd
22 A f y
22 = 22 (2 M , 22 4) +
W pl , 22 Wel , 22
Wel , 22
#$ ! !&
"#$
k 22 1.5
#$ ! !&
"#$
22 0,9
M , = 1.8 0.7
=
M estremit,1
M estremit,2
M ,Q = 1.3 1.4
M , 22 = M , +
. &&
MQ
M
( M ,Q M , )
M =
! #!#
& #& $
& 2*
! #!#
& #& $
, #& $
22 = 1.75 (2 1.479 4) +
'
0#! #
$.#!#
M max + M min
M max
M1
0
=
= 0 M , = 1.8
M 2 22.48
M ,Q = 1.3
=
!*
!*
M , 22 = 1.8 +
22.48
(1.3 1.8) = 1.479
22.48 + 12.61
229 146.44
= 1.26
146.44
1.26 50
= 1.10
0.2646 84.5 27.5
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
k 22 = 1
50
0.985 86.4 10 2 1.10 12.6 10 2
+
+
= 0.089 + 0.523 + 0.242 = 0.854 1
0.2646 84.5 27.5 y 0.498 1307 27.5
229 27.5
1 .1
1 .1
1 .1
@
.!#0 !
'
# 1!
#$
k M 33,Sd k 22 M 22, pl
N Sd
+ 33
+
1
min A f y W pl ,33 f y
W pl , 22 f y
M1
k 22 = 1
M1
45 5 6
M1
22 N Sd
22 A f y
22 = 22 (2 M , 22 4) +
W pl , 22 Wel , 22
Wel , 22
! #!#
& #& $
& 2*
! #!#
& #& $
, #& $
22 = 1.75 (2 1.479 4) +
#$ ! !&
"#$
k 22 1.5
#$ ! !&
"#$
22 0,9
M1
0
=
= 0 M , = 1.8
M 2 22.48
M ,Q = 1.3
=
!*
M , 22 = 1.8 +
!*
22.48
(1.3 1.8) = 1.479
22.48 + 12.61
229 146.44
= 1.26
146.44
1.26 50
= 1.10
0.2646 84.5 27.5
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
k 22 = 1
! #!#
k33 = 1
& #& $
!*
M ,Q = 1.3
33 N Sd
33 A f y
33 = 33 (2 M ,33 4) +
33 = 0.4177 (2 1.3 4) +
#$ ! !&
"#$
k 33 1.5
#$ ! !&
"#$
33 0,9
1307 1156.5
= 0.454
1156.5
0.454 50
= 1.010
0.9480 84.5 27.5
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
k 33 = 1
50
1.010 86.4 10 2 1.10 12.6 10 2
+
+
= 0.089 + 0.267 + 0.242 = 0.598 1
0.2646 84.5 27.5 y
1307 27.5
229 27.5
1 .1
1 .1
1 .1
"
M , = 1.8 0.7
1 1
M1 M 2 $ %
M2
&
'(
)&
" M1 )
M , = 1.1
=1
M , = 1.8
=0
M 1 = M 2
M , = 2.5
= 1
M 1 = 0 .5 M 2
M , = 1.45
= 0.5
M1 = M 2
M1
&
*!
M2 = 0
M ,Q = 1.3 o 1.4
#
)
!
" +
, & !+ $
M Q = M max
!
"
!+ $
M Q = M max
! ,(-
M ,Q = 1.3
! ,(-
M ,Q = 1.4
&
M = M , +
M Q = M max
M = M max
% !!
!
*!
MQ
M
!!
"
M ,Q M ,
&+
,,
( 0
+
M = M max
+ M max
!
&
&
! 2
!2
3 ! 45
M s,max = M d,max =
+
M max
=
*!
&
! ,(-
& $
+
M = M max
+ M max
=
MQ =
&
%%&
!(
q l2
24
M , = 1.1
M ,Q = 1.3
M s,max = M d,max
(2( $
q l2
12
=1
q l2
8
q l2
8
3 ! 65
M
*!
&
! ,(-
%%&
+
M = M max
+ M max
!(
M , = 1.8
M ,Q = 1.3
& $
MQ =
&
+
M max
M d,max = 0
!$
q l2
8
M = 1 .8 +
q l2
=
8
q l2
=
14.2
s ,max
MQ
M
[1.3 1.8]
=0
3 !
50!
& 1
[kN m]
[m]
[kN m]
[kN m]
[kN m]
q = 52.80
l = 6.00
M s,max = 198.29
M d,max = 104.36
+
M max
= 87.46
*!
!$
104.36
= 0.5263
198.29
! ,(-
&
%%&
3 ! 75
75 0 !
& $
!(
M ,Q = 1.3
+
M = M max
+ M max
= 285.75
[kN m]
q l 2 52.8 6 2
MQ =
=
= 237.6
8
8
[kN m]
M = 1.4316 +
237.6
[1.3 1.4316] = 1.322
285.75
& 1
P = 140
l = 6.00
M s,max = 108.5
M d,max = 63.6
+
M max
= 82.67
[kN ]
[m]
[kN m]
[kN m]
[kN m]
)) &
4 .5
*!
! !
*!
!$
63.6
= 0.5862
108.5
! ,(-
M ,Q = 1.4
+
M = M max
+ M max
= 191.17
MQ =
$
a = 4 .5
b = 6 4 .5
&
%%&
2
!(
(! &
M = 1.389 +
[kN m]
[kN m]
[m]
[m]
157.5
[1.4 1.389] = 1.398
191.17