3

ftN A!7srb

VFc,roP

ectof

'A bc,t yg

t rnp,J fu f ng

rnasn

eL5S n2

fs

rr:oH=e trtoffCq I

,:s A
eq

t+2e

U ct

fto D

ttO I

e.teetri .f ty

fuf

o r2el

scA LftPS r-

fre

fr.-rra) 6cottet$ z<.f<rS rc a

r<-Pt-< gent<-oJ

6hoS? \/atUe r)ct^/ be

Sfngle

4 UoDb

fy

by a

real nurr)b<'r'

e-g, rnarss. cletcsiEY, P>e*ssur-e "-e.tet.

Ve-ctor6 ie u ao b t-../ L-"rg

A Vec bT
Q f re

A ncJ

e9.
Y

ectot

Forc Q.., v
A

g,ebra

vec@r
f ro

rrt

.'n a

ctlon

e lo
.,

SP

city.

et

toO t*c

,,7>ognir7.tc/e

e.

o ccetef et

ty:or] ere.

netetitlort ond

-subtraettolD ,3

b>e Lc,c/o oF PAralre-lo97orr)

4y

T+ A= Axd+U@.a

he&-

B- Bafr*81 dT lB*&
*:n
A+8

- (n +Br{) G r (,+v+By) fr
+ (az+az) E

-rbe.

4S.So

e,

r'o Ctve '

d& 'oiuudve aod

tft)dve

co rDrn u

t-o rD.

A+ (8+ L)

K(a+a)

+C

= trA+ "B

-,

dot pzoducL otr

/4SS o C1O ti V e ,

-) dfstioudve,

8+a

ft+f3
ttte

= (n*8)

eo.ojio ul:titf've

1<oO vecbrS

'rbe doL p-od uct otr FD O t?-e.brs

A and - fg g+>? Secrter quonaty qnd ,:s aeftncd
d5 t*>e plocrocb of tDagntbrtor oF a
ond tbe
n>agnf tude oF E- ond
?)e cosfn? of ,rnj,6 t,er
o'ng)e bLEu2eQD +bm

I^ I=

A-_

ls I =Bc
fb e

ce,o

s-S pn) d U cL

sy\-

BeL+

BtL

F t-rJ9o v Lcfa rs

'Tbe doL paod u eL oF C-p o v qetarS F c

q uao LJiy anel ,3 d efin<d o rze
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ig
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t',

'. :

+ g

ir

:-

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TxE

la-) )E-l

stnd

qrt

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p>od

U*

&. dI'=
.Slra it

oF

lo?i'l

nt't

-/e I ca.s o = |

ffr)=l

o*
_

6rt. d>l = O\t.o\

6,ir'

Ve-cbP5

- la.,l l"Y /

__

cos g oo

4a
' l&J=l.Tl =l

=o

r ,4oSgoo=o
= a\ . dL,

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cb

OF

ax *oa = oY *

&*

aY

aZ

unit

veetoz-S

o^l

tol{ll"Jlsrngs

"Et

o^l = OZ
untE norfrol

{ectrf

{tr

-oL
ox/

->L
z)

\v

rc;r4eai
aL

=-u\

/ AZ= or{
aZX ay = -atn
a?t laz- - -ctt
a"l

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ntE

sr/

,Thf.
@ tLPti_.S<.n h5
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e) o 5

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s -t

t+)

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r-5

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fr> ct

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sy.dcefa>S cDtatZb Ctr
veig 6Pe-eictt cygeS.
sfrr>Pte

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We ore eoft- g rc l<otrt:, otcty

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*tr1

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atiCA t

c6

-o,

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co-otel f r=a te

SyJi Lerrz

PEcJAN GoLAR I cAR-rESrr-N co-oPDr NATE Sls:-Fl-rt

an ;-C tatr) g u t otY 6-ord irtute S ys?etz:r
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b

&trcc
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o,?1Qf .

-ttta

ore rr)utualtY
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ge-r'c,e\Aicu,of

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=O ( arcslrdmE)
?> c) (co,csretnf,)

-yrtfS rig >rg bt ;onaeO)

c-o -o t d l't>o b SyS feb
.

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ntE

sr/

,Thf.
@ tLPti_.S<.n h5
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e) o 5

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s -t

t+)

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vec-trcr- g
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r-5

.s\/,s

te, sv.sre-rt6
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c.l

fr> ct

R-n co-ordfr)oE
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veig 6Pe-eictt cygeS.
sfrr>Pte

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-rL-<y Q.-e
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*tr1

O Reerc,r>gcrtay o7
co'o r d fr= d te
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$/s trr>
.S

Ol

eetrteSfetn

slZ s ce tT)
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atiCA t

c6

-o,

dl ,,\aO be

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co-otel f r=a te

SyJi Lerrz

PEcJAN GoLAR I cAR-rESrr-N co-oPDr NATE Sls:-Fl-rt

an ;-C tatr) g u t otY 6-ord irtute S ys?etz:r
ft)e
b

&trcc
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o,?1Qf .

-ttta

ore rr)utualtY
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ge-r'c,e\Aicu,of

}t=O ( eorcs tanE)

=O ( arcslrdmE)
?> c) (co,csretnf,)

-yrtfS rig >rg bt ;onaeO)

c-o -o t d l't>o b SyS feb
.

A POINT P

Co

SvS
1

.,.-

..

o\5 P

ben)

lYD.{j

t',.

Cdoy. ZJ

\..

tAbete

I =
Y -,-

c Frorrt Yz Ptonq
.Sho 7begL d t'S kerr) eQ. Fro rrt YZ Prorte.

arcYEes

6Aor&esE

=
r, '

:':i,r'

cl

t"S

0:arc

''-1\'.

-r:

.'

t ' cl fsi;er o re' ' iror-, xY

- '

P( ,'2''3)

e-9.

r) b TePTes2ntP/

5e

ce)n

' ! .r'
?ePz.e...s

l>tor>e.

e'c C-<ol O\3

li

<

i*,,

\^

az.

, l_1

-..

. '\'_' \

,, -:,

ve

c-tt{

{vc Ee@-.

'.

Con

A
-

,.1

Ae

qt

.' ie p-e5'es1L'<al' .t'11 t7ir5

,'t.,',-\

A_ A+tffi+,aV&-+Az
z
\

-'t,-..'r.--l

i-r.r

",

! '

' ' , I

.r

- l,--,

.+
el*

,,

"

e r:'r\PDftat ,:;P Ca{.Y, ?) . W&"-r', tJ'i.d t' l' t> t<nts'

Laet> c--o -orol i t-:'o te5 \/etlUe by o df?Pcrertt1rQt ctr>t
get o poJr>t ptu*q+)- ( ** drt ) ,l+ d"t, t, ol Z
o nd

(1o,36{Cl"Q

e4-fOe5 o reetcrtcgu,c.tl
abe Sfa.{ fJtao5
aot2oSZ aurfQte*5' aredS e{""e
pined
paratled
I

dst

c.lrt d

dt a*

a)sL =

dzdu

dss

-T

,+r

il

Fl

dzd>l

noflY &) d

dL=

and

'tr)<

dL
Tbe

f3aCK

Lt I

ie

u>f<t c,e

.Bo tlo.trl

t-fr)

su rLcl

,a

- LePt .fu; -fa <e.

ce bebtD<et) P to P' ft
fr>e Parcttte I PtPec)

eJel

Azl

c;y.Y +dZ &

(5

Leag d>

{a

vL+

<.loluffr< "af

(reercrr)g

suiLQt

tTte.?r>

oF

alt'o-?onol

u-Pitce

tl

ds+ = dyd* c-a)

dsr = del dr7 ' Ga*)
dse

fron t
grg nt

oa(

oP sutf4 t*

c^r)

dtL+dtL
E+ae

pattt"tle),

i5

du= dil al\ dL

ff)3

pfp e.jl

rr)c.Ealrs

cY Lt rvo Rr cA

CI RCloLAR

@-oPP' N A t

od ictlt ur

rc

eu

cb

sYs

rtr)

aneQr/r)UAuallY

T-he,E*ltP1
P.erPe

6'9+: tr .

Ttce *-+jtee

tooeS ar

O cfY cutar cyri noleT ( S- coasre)nt)

@ Ptane ( Q = eora5 tanL)

@ ptoae ( /=

c:otcs

bont)

l-. -

-.--- --1, -.r

.:

--N>.--r
,*doyt,?i
-

dp\-----

(c)

A {eetpr
svs beff)

A
et

cO

12

v4P"-e<se

aced

it>

f,*r.rt,

!= ASfr+ AO "'$ + *Laz

c.Dber
'

da=

unit
cln

hotrttat co
c:v / i odric a/ .s u 4<l C( .
vecLot

iE Ve-e-&t

to O rrrt a

) tr) +

{r-toio

4/

Vecto-/ norrf)d,t rc (==-eorcsrc/nt) P,e,D

ilZ-_ Unit

cor?sfdel a trofnL P 13,4"2). cAC nat

each

Ce>-ozdit>orb *,atU

nd

,b-/

eL a po,^n t p, ( s+as,
O diPPerzntiat uorurDe is
a

SutPOCe

qa-CrJ qa.

fDcrfot5e

df PP<fen Fa)
S+d Q, z+ d ?)
F-orn> qcl .

ort>ottt)t:

. anct

,+c

g f Ven cls

edd dz &
dsdZ -+
-g

'Tbe

ojF*erenHat

dsc,d . a
q$

ear) 5e gfven

Leng H)

Jl = ds& *

ancl

sdd &-roz

be

eliPf<rebfrcr/
*P> se n t:e_d a3

\-lOl

,T)t trs

Ur),a? e4nr) be

Jo=.Se,(dd dz
Q

CY

ta

TZo

t IND qICA

Ee

e6-oR Dt N AT'E SYS 7em

,o

GN

pE,.-r,.N Ga

A PoinL P CaD 6,

ufrR

4\
fT)J

A^rD

c+

rc-pze,Ser:txd

f>)

?re-cb-c)DgUlqy Cc,-or-,ctinUfr JV6ber.,a or5 eL;y"frZ)

b<r<- as

alc' cv tio dric..^ I co-o=e,{ r^rocr t-e

SVSL-etr) ft <an be rePr<ser?beo/ a3 PC9r6"Z)
d fa,g ret rr) f5 a-s
T-b re ) A tSoY) Lor-> tr

tD

itc

alven

balou)

at =-9 cos d
Y = -9 siD4b

/=

{z'-

?rbr.t me
eA Lla

Y5

abov

f>t

(s>")
,'

,+
'-f

Lc)6t 1,l

(o S 6 5zz)

l= Z,

?loE Prc cl, ue| oF'

and r?cbaDg utaf

cl

nf L v<o'Loor5 rr) evli ndfeal

e@a J inan b q/\Sberm

,\

ce

5\/6trr->
'rr> U a-t

at ly

*+te-e.

s.Ts:,

c6"oROrryArE

'5.P HERI CAL

Per P<bct i cu

Sphete

toT' rc

(-=

cor2e
p

,,)srSL oF
aa eb

4*t1-.eq p,aree\3
o t-Iz e r.

ar

Ptor?-ej'

@
O

En

calc,s

( @= co

tong

4;

fetr=t)

,DS

torrL )

<oras

tetnt).

ts

:)
-:

6=acoflstant

-...:,1

*',r,'i,o::;

,.
I

d:
r:

a constanl
(sphere)

(a\

(b)

(c)
Figurc

s constant
(Plane)

(d)

1.8

(a) The three spherical coordinates. (b) The three mutually perpendicular
surfaces of the spherical coordinate system. (c) The three unit vectors of spherical
coordinates: at x q = ao. (d) The differential volume element in the spherical coordinate
system.

A Poinr P
.lhz vecbt
.i

A=

Ar

&+

?-c'pre e.r?be/ g6

co r)

be

co tc

be rc'FrrFe.t>te.O/ e/s

A@

&+ &

aD'

PLr,g,6)

T,

@,

b)

o poinE P CW).
Const der
e-dcb Z6-o l--d f r>aDe Va tue 6y
g.E

arrt6ur"E2 to
and

Foint

fLce Sur. la Ce a'

iy< r: ol;

sfD@

=72

dsz

t s rn@

d.3

*e

r-->o! f t->lreq

e d f PP<reD H-a I
p'(,-rr-rdr, @+d@, $+d$

di?9+rer:5ro 1 w6turyt<

ore

cpc

?O

dsd$
d'r dd

ri5

forntl6l

of

+t->

is

oluyrt<

olr
06

d"r'do ab
pe.n

dfif,<de-nL'tr-tl

g bt-t

ca

r)

g ivea

6<

Jt = dt&+rdaA+rsinoJdA
d f f f,cr en trol

and
ryeP1,Q Sr?

tAT to

r....li B e s

SpHEnl cAL

jp

aS

iD
t^LCt

Lnr @ , 6)

5,Pha

flnoro

,rr2

s tt-,@ drdodb

a e Ert

Co-oR or nr A -t
A

p C>+-\r?)

urr)e eaD 6

t<cl Os

dv =
Re

Loot

cearEesr1r)

1+)z
J r^crgr a qa

ol f

sYs

Clo

tc

e:J

b.

rEtn -5

c6-ovdinab<-5-

r'tatr -; tt

o-el
.

?ct eN G'] u t*\

cCto C)e reP 7{$e/o beel

Po iDL

.c,O,

ta

o43

(Ol',<7Q,3

rrtOg O rFraer?;"Al\
'b<

tt.r)e.en .*rr<t'r G

X.-.-

,l-s

ino cos fi

Y= T gflz@

Sf nb

T coS @.
Fv

Or-> a

bOV e

ecyUcttfot)3

6=
@=

6^
DOL

D>od

(
-t
cos

-t
LOD

**
t

,,

17,o)

( o s @ s ,)

(oS@Sz^)

.reE oF

re-c-tctt)3 Ulaf

a->d

s.pbet f co.l c6-ordf noiQ

$/s rc )'

;ci*1.

'

't,

co N

ERs

tot'/s Fo.or,o cAP-o s t AN

'To cV Ltn, D Pt ch L (C, RLIL,+AJ

)4= 3 cos, $

S=t

Y=3 sln$
Z;-7

4=

ob

oL

ffi.

cosS

-sin$

o1

SI

D+

cos $

@.
Corr/ veR s roNS
sPHtrQtc;+L

,r2o

FO c*P) S" t lal

ce-oR Dr NAa

Fj

&t= rsineo cosd

Y:- -r-SiDO SJbA
t_-

Pncducb of

( n ecrn N b U t,+ f2)

T=

xe+\2+?L

@=

LOS@

ov

b=
Unit

Ea6t J
x,

Vzc_bors c_

Zo-

.O

a>t,

SI .>c9 cos d

&s@ cos d

oY.

Sina stnd

aos@

AZ,

E-3

vtet@rs:-

Uoit

oF

a3

Dob

-6 Ro, vt Ac

Z>Z

Jszod U LL

Dot

C6

CBcrra N6 uLARJ

as50

slo$

- Str?O

sfngf
eos$
O

gR
No.
J

2-

Para rr> etrer

point

Vecrea

P.actuD Ou I ar
Co -ord ino re.

Lr{,.'.lr

cylfnaln'Cal
.$/S &rr> Co-ord f nsl:e

Z)

fi= *xffi +Aydl

F=

j-1

&)

Scsrfqces

Areai

SySe<r.z

AsiZ

-+

Ad od +

7r= ds& + gd+

=drtt*+dv 4
+d

sp/rer-rro

( s, S"z)

A7&

-t-Az&.

o f PQereo LSa I
L.ar-g

u rst-> n^R\ a F rNrRoDt> ( rtoN iro vFccoPS

*fr

+ dz

dlt = dVdZ

c,al

d ie P.ev e.nnat
t0 olu rn
Do b pDoet uct
oP ctoiE

CPo sl;,
PPoD ocf

oF
ON:L:T
v kToP-5

{-rs rno d0 6

dst

dsi= dsdz A

&=

- rzs f aa do dO cF

tsJnac)rd$ ao
ass = Tdr da @

dv = rLsf bo drd @ dO

!I

Veebors

-T

sYs'eQr.,,2.

dt =dr&+rd@6

ds, = ScJOclL oS

= dx dy & ds3 = Sdsd6 &

dr.o=dxdvdt- lJtp'- sd-ed6ct t

t'note

P (r, @, d)
A= Ar& +A@ &+*,+4 &

aZ

ds,3

co -o r.c,,

A?l *.

02{

\
qzlaz

oV

=o
osi x ct\f az
=
_ )rrs

*oy =

F-

CtY*qx=

_G

aZ-eZ=61
As-{F = &'ar z_
qA-aL
=O
dsx d= fux&=

al*a? >o
D

2>>>

'Z-

'Y

A6

dr*Ar= aO *AO =
ab x a Q =O

2T>

.#

A.

\\

vEctof? ANl+LYS'5

2oo vectors

be

Giv cn

A=
b=

-A *34 -+ &qL
2A

ftnd

aPFSs,Ns

s,

za^l

@ FAO

?A

* z

C9

qbd

potnt c (lr3r+)

dnd
CL.A

G:

@ o unfb Veelof altrct<al Frot-ttoOsrds A.

Give,n lcoint-3 A Czr3--)) anel ts (n"

-so6'

z)

Cbe dr3Ec)Dce fron'z

o A F oz'rEfn

ffnd

B b or;g in
@ A "to B.
6D

-T.,..anSlo-.r1r' eaCt-t oF t-h)e Vec-b75

c6 r(")rr.otes

O s A
6 5A

ab t+)e Point

frf

nd

1''1

n d;eal

sPcefPteal

ar ACs,+.-t)
aE

,+ (2,3-

u)e pointrs * Lz-3--r ) anc)

Sp,rcricol eo<rcJircote5 of

COTte.SroD c6<tel fytO te-5 OF A

d f stan

ea frotr> 'A

5)
A (+r2s-1

@ t+.e

tf

ab?(+,tzo1 L)

@ 4;E- zoy-+oZ

Given

ct)

re)

'"o)

rrr)
Vec for-s rO

TvQ t-S

ecrc6

F
.Sphe rica I

.Po

Poing

sP cI Pred

b 5a

'Tb

5a

+ a>t

e 16r

-Tb e

J
>a^l

teol

c (-5, )-e)

L ttS

aL at

, a")
C_rr-3, +J

tvoing) a{e
B (-2t3, +) q nd

RAL

oL

Ve..Ley 4

PrcJ elc o D o, pAB oT)

VLctor

ctt

nd

bbree

L+- "f
at ( z,3o-t )

A n3)e

#)e

c}ing

-PAb
'T-be

Oca

Ft

to

-otel tnO te;

A ( 6,-l,L),

Loco be-ol o t

c (- z, t.5)

C6

Vert>Ce3 oF

ht

tb4.

vev SCeS

of

A(6,*l,z)

(f

bo ro

fr(*zr3r+)

) ore

one/

vrnol

OF"extZ
O

@ A uniE

Veobo,-

PIODz tn
2oco tecl

cPbicb

tz'o

rng

-Rh

.tP,

PerPercd;(u I qY K)
ba f n,g )e t'3
tbe

C-

--.vecte)R
,1 @

A=

AN A LYs 5
'

-oa - g;T -4&

Ftnd

E -p*B=t

+ zoJ+2_oz.
B- LdA
C (',3, +)

-fr

r4 =?

aA = |
OrqB

=.

QcA =l

pa.o= EE- Rh
,_
= (o& +La\

ffi

+z&) IJr-afr -qiz)

-+6

= 3qn -F soY

o [aF @

oL

VG.--

=QA

Qa= 5. to
,-

_cl1 - 3oy_ 4aZ

F.-

oA= .E;,

5.t o

?*

aA =-O.lg(;r{ - o'-188fr-o-'7e+4"
;Eao l= coB

-'

g2+-(2+(t,-r g..,.
H

a*8

?o:,t

E+rd

P4s
oA.B

+-soy +6o?,
F

a-a6

'0'"3158

olt

-'l.,o,S-9

Poy J-

o"z

t7 oZ

@ ?= &r+ aJV + 4oz

tre

RCA

-;-

(arl+

3;- t +

+{e) - G"E"& -4;z)

&= Bs zG+c,iv+a&
t-

a.-

I ec*
L a>l -fGc^"|

AcA = RcA

+eoT

t6'lg6

fLcA

:- in = 6-tgd {u+ o-sge&+ o'7e+ AL

Sot

If :A

'

LL,i,-t)
,. Q Pao
@ RBo

>t>2

Fot

?=A

vl

p6inF

'

rt)
c orte5 faD
C6-or d{nes

I
t

-,-e

e
(

Z =-)

tI-

PAo =
G

Ro-

P_A

o,

o)-

(u,

z)

RAB

@fi'B
Y=3

B (a, -soo

-27>t

Q =.Soo

L=z

C 2"3t-'l

-5;v +&

f:o:-

Point

G
i1-, cVlf
e6-otd frt d

'Cor

RAo= \/ ,'*3o+tL
RBo

=
=-

Pho

g.Z

Ro-R-ts
C6 r o,

o) - L4, -So", z)

A fg in cgtfr>dticat as-ordit :o,t^e.-5

conv<rL ib io to corteston co-ot'clfnoEe,

d= s

coS

=+

Y= 3 sfn5
E--

:.

RBO

Z=z

Coro,

C-ro)
(f ,n (-TDo) )
cos

2-57
-3.o6

(r-"+,, -3'o6,2)

o)

gg5= -2-s7 fr +s.o6oY + LoZ

-

RBo: +.+ 6 e

(r-u7)-g
o'5

-7

;r1

[*"1=

-66

z) - (z'3,-) )

6'o e

PAB =

8 + 2.2
o's?2+6.o6'+

ConveTb fb

cVtrndril4lt

fnbo

6= * fr+

Bb

il+

Co-ordJr=obe6, \+

Bz@,

-1 BS=E-A=SA.

a.-f

= S c6Sg

Bb= E.c,O = -fo2( -oo - -SSiodo z-?S

BL= E-crz = rs&.qz =-o

?=

+oa

EI>Z

{Ea

... g=

Y:3

L (2,3, S)

S = tct 5t -'/
a

V:{

z>7
ib

Ly
C3

f r> d D^Cer

56-soo

=S
CD

-orct i r>a bCb

&+cb&+a&
l-

C5= C. oj:

?.Lo

L4 olr

-zoy
-+o?J. cd

+ cos$
+
CS

Lsf bh - 4 (o1

coS (se.go)

o'.rr.r

-z sirrc-r6',3o)

cq-*

c"c^o

= C+ilx-r-&-+c-Z).ob

r-5!'& -+A-e

ct= + o,4'. &

= +(-Stnd_) *z essb- +co)

= -+ sf o tr6 a") - L .^q!s:e,3 0 - o
cCb=

* 4.43

(+ oo - 2& -+el "or

+ fr.;" - z-6J -dz - +4

F-

Cz= L. AZ
-

* (o) -z

#,

Co) -4L,)

Cz= -L
6.Ji-f-f oJ

* - 4.+3 ao -4o?
-

,4

L"3"-))
S QbeO'QU

G
t

co-o r

X>L,

-.--"#-

= (4rLT1

dinab5

rz-oo;

aF

Y=2, L=_-)

*+.f+rL

= c.i' (+l :

.'- Q=

^5'*

c"S'

= *6t
X

lO

t#) :

(?)

to*.ro8o

= s6'3o6

Spn<ri(at

coorterrnrcer

A (e.14, to.f.*ro8", -16'3oo-)

COrbe SfA

n co-oralinOhes oF

o.-4,

\s

$ = 12-6o/ @=

X=-o.B+S
Y = rsinO Sf nb =- +
t': t'464
?=.76o5@ = +
rA ybS rOn

<_6 . oercI

B (- 6 .84 sr

ir>a

R,B

zS = 3.zS

rc$

eF6

+6+, 3 .< 2*f )

Frora

ol,-S Yglr> c Q

.: R.ag -

).

663

Sf n tzbo

5f n.{"

,+

6e> )

_pA

= [-o'84.r/ 1.4t4 ,3,(2d) - (.,3,-'t)

z.g+sA

= 1.536

il ++.cl-.t A
L

-'- RAB =

P/+B:5.6+

A =sax
I

Il'_t/ _,,
,-

atL4,

2-go, tzoo )

Cot>vrb ft
re fDfu .sPhY,^ccr
sV s tQra>,
Co-o,-d inolre

fu4__aS_+

ff= ArD+ ho &+ 46 o0

A'=7-A = s Bt-&
ftl-= 5r sir:

(".5.0) css ( rzo)

r_ Ar=

AG:

A.

dCO

= Ssin.o. <-ocS $

06

t_

Sot2(

oe z

coso cos 6

S c6s C--f"J c6s ( 1z_oo)

A@

= - Z.zT

Ad = A' ab
fr b = -5
A

s in Lt-ao)

ftbz -+-33
A + l.o aT -L-L7 O6)

B= SEt
T=

c E L zot_r-)

..

il3+va+?7

>Z

=-l

.,- .)r= ?,2+

z 'oJ (?l = cocr (+z : r6s so

)

C-sr)v
co

>t

Y=3

T= tPn*+ft
o

+.33 o6

ert

+n i3 6

V<cfioy

f nCo

orc) t'r) a l:Q 5

?= Br&+

Bo

A + e6a-

phfzJ

$-aY = 5A-oa = SSiPo <6sd

= 5; Sir:(r"S-SooJ .os ( s< t3)
8r = 2-(V

(sr'3)
5 cos(ros'co) ces

=
Ba = -e-7+

G.A = 50? &:

-ssfn$

= -s s-inLC+3) = -+.t6.
A - 2.67 oT -o.7+
aY
x-_Z t

@=

A -+.tc?E,

ab('Lr-3o*J
+aL
-

--3- z= 4'

coS'(?l=
.os,( *il)
\ rJ

=;:t;

:.5 = 4 z-o3 6

g : LaA (+ ) = t-a6' ( +l
= s6, 3,o
cohvel--f fnbo

cr&+.oot

Cr= C. AT :Cy:

sPb<ricol

+ ax
+

"c.1r

Cc'ordfnats
cS

";

- q;
-zoi *4 ea)
fao.

2c)Y ctr *4 c^?-Ar

.-

7r

'

':CT= 4SfnA cos$ - 2sT->@Sr^)r+_4CoS6

:- cv=

sfn@z-oS) cus @<.3t") 2- sih C+"-qsoJ

3 rb ( sc-3, o)
"-

-lcos $z--*")

c-TL -2--6o

cG =

?-;@ = (++qa-zJY -4oe) .aZ

--La'l
A@
O?{.
+
=

=+

.Cro

Lesc coss* Z*-coso

*+ aZ-Oq
-

srnd + + sfno

C+ = ? a6 = l+ ox ^zoY -4
fa--n.

z + G, TO

a_dr

ctz

). o0

+ AE-A-

)
44sil1+
-Z cos$
=

=Z

in

+.+3
sP b'n'Cet

CO-OTd r^raob-e5

.. Z= _2-6o a-+s,6gA

_+-43

't