2015

Gaussian frequency-shift keying

With

GNU Radio

Author: Rakesh
Email id: rakesh@tenettech.com

#9/3,Shree Lakshmi complex,2nd Floor,Opp,To Vivekananda Park,Girinagar,Bangalore-560085.www.tenettech.com

What is GNU Radio?

GNU Radio is a software library, which can be used to develop complete applications for
radio engineering and signal processing.

Introduction:
GNU Radio is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 3. All of the
code is copyright of the Free Software Foundation. While all the applications are implemented
using python language while critical signal processing path is done using C++ language.
GNU Radio is a free and open-source software development toolkit that provides signal
processing blocks to implement software radios. It can be used with readily available low-cost
external RF hardware to create software-defined radios, or without hardware in a simulationlike environment.

Idea behind GNU Radio:

The goal is to give ordinary software people the ability to 'hack' the electromagnetic
spectrum, i.e. to understand the radio spectrum and think of ways to use it.

Why GNU Radio?

Instead of purchasing multiple expensive radios, a single generic radio can be
implemented using gnu radio software and with support of minimal hardware.

#9/3,Shree Lakshmi complex,2nd Floor,Opp,To Vivekananda Park,Girinagar,Bangalore-560085.www.tenettech.com

Blocks explanation:

Every flow graph should contain atleast one source and destination blocks.
Signal Source block is used to generate an analog waveform (e.g. sine) in
the host machine. This block acts like signal generator

The Throttle block is used limit the processing power of the system. It
avoids number of CPU cycles eating up to execute the flow graph. Set the
sample rate accordingly

The process of efficiently converting the output of either analog or digital

source into a sequence of binary digits is known as source encoding.
Packet encoder is a type of source encoder in digital communication.
Samples/Symbol parameter should be greater than or equal to two and
Bits/Symbol represents the how many 1s or 0s are carried over a symbol.

A GFSK, Gaussian frequency shift keying modulator is similar to

a FSK modulator, except that before the baseband waveform (levels 1
and +1) goes into the FSK modulator, it is passed through a Gaussian
filter to make the transitions smoother so to limit its spectral width.
Gaussian filtering is a standard way for reducing spectral width; it is
called "pulse shaping" in this application.
In ordinary non-filtered FSK, at a jump from 1 to +1 or +1 to 1, the
modulated waveform changes rapidly, which introduces large out-ofband spectrum. If we change the pulse going from 1 to +1 as 1, .98,
.93, +.93, +.98, +1, and we use this smoother pulse to determine the
carrier frequency, the out-of-band spectrum will be reduced. The input is
a byte stream (unsigned char) and the output is the complex modulated
signal at baseband
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The input is the complex modulated signal at baseband and the output is
a stream of bits packed 1 bit per byte (the LSB). The GFSK Demodulator
demodulates the modulated signal.

The quadrature Demodulation derive the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q)
components by demodulation to baseband by two oscillator signals
separated by 90 radians (i.e. in quadrature)

The packet Decoder decodes the packet information coming from the
demodulated signal

The WX GUI Scope sink is the destination block of the flow chart. This
block is used to view the time domain representation of the output. The
simulation output of the received signal is seen with this block.

#9/3,Shree Lakshmi complex,2nd Floor,Opp,To Vivekananda Park,Girinagar,Bangalore-560085.www.tenettech.com

 Final view of the flow graph

#9/3,Shree Lakshmi complex,2nd Floor,Opp,To Vivekananda Park,Girinagar,Bangalore-560085.www.tenettech.com