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NC State University
Slide 1
ECE 546
Fall 2012
Announcements
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 2
ECE 546
Fall 2012
Intrinsic Delay
Logical Effort
Electrical Effort
Gate Effort
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 3
ECE 546
Fall 2012
Todays Lecture
Ratioed Logic
(6.2.2)
Pass-Transistor Logic
(6.2.3)
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 4
ECE 546
Fall 2012
Ratioed Logic
VDD
Resistive
Load
VDD
Depletion
Load
RL
PDN
F
In1
In2
In3
VSS
(a) resistive load
PMOS
Load
VSS
VT < 0
F
In1
In2
In3
VDD
F
In1
In2
In3
PDN
VSS
PDN
VSS
(c) pseudo-NMOS
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 5
ECE 546
Fall 2012
Ratioed Logic
Full Swing
Reduced Swing
(smaller noise margin)
No Static Power
Static Power
tpHL = tpLH
if sized correctly
Large PMOS
parasitic capactiances
much smaller
parasitic capactiances
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 6
ECE 546
Fall 2012
Pseudo-NMOS
VDD
VOH = VDD
VOL = ?
A
F
CL
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 7
ECE 546
Fall 2012
VOL calculation
2
2
VDSATp
VOL
k n VDD VTn VOL
0
k p VDD VTp VDSATp
2
2
W. Rhett Davis
VDSATp
k p VDD VTp VDSATp
k n VDD VTn
Slide 8
ECE 546
Fall 2012
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 9
ECE 546
Fall 2012
Pseudo-NMOS VTC
3.0
2.5
W/Lp = 4
Vout [V]
2.0
1.5
W/Lp = 2
1.0
0.5
W/Lp = 0.5
W/Lp = 1
W/Lp = 0.25
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Vin [V]
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 10
ECE 546
Fall 2012
Improved Loads
VDD
M1
Enable
M2
M1 >> M2
F
A
CL
Adaptive Load
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 11
ECE 546
Fall 2012
VDD
M1
M2
Out
A
A
B
B
Out
PDN1
PDN2
VSS
VSS
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 12
ECE 546
Fall 2012
Todays Lecture
Ratioed Logic
(6.2.2)
Pass-Transistor Logic
(6.2.3)
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 13
ECE 546
Fall 2012
Pass-Transistor Logic
Inputs
B
Switch
Out
A
Out
Network
B
B
N inputs, N transistors
No static power consumption (ideally)
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 14
ECE 546
Fall 2012
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 15
ECE 546
Fall 2012
A
0
0
1
1
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 16
B
0
1
0
1
ECE 546
Fall 2012
NMOS-Only Logic
3.0
In
VD D
0.5 m/0.25 m
1.5 m/0.25 m
Out
0.5 m/0.25 m
Voltage [V]
In
Out
2.0
1.0
0.0
0.5
1.5
Time [ns]
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 17
ECE 546
Fall 2012
NMOS-only Switch
C = 1.8V
C = 1.8 V
M2
A = 1.8 V
A = 1.8 V
X
X
Mn
M1
CL
NC State University
Slide 18
ECE 546
Fall 2012
Body Effect
VT VT 0
2F VSB 2F
= body-effect coefficient
F = Fermi Potential
L-H transition
H-L transition
DD
X
SB
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 19
ECE 546
Fall 2012
Finding VX
VX VDD VT VDD VT 0 Bn VDD VX
2 f 2 f
DD
VX
0
VTn
VDD-VTn
SB
VDD = 2.5 V
= 0.4
F = -0.3 V
Bn = 0 V/V
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 20
ECE 546
Fall 2012
Finding tpLH
VDD
+
VSB
VX
tp = 0.69 Req CL
Remember that
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
ECE 546
Fall 2012
Cascading Pass-Transistors
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 22
ECE 546
Fall 2012
Cascading Pass-Transistors
B
A
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 23
ECE 546
Fall 2012
Pass-Transistor Energy
T
dVout
VDD CL
dt VDDCL
dt
0
V DD VTn
dV
out
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 24
ECE 546
Fall 2012
3.0
In
M2
A = 1.8 V
X
Mn
M1
Voltage [V]
C = 1.8 V
Out
2.0
1.0
0.0
0.5
1.5
Time [ns]
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 25
ECE 546
Fall 2012
Level Restorer
Mr
B
A
Mn
M2
X
Out
M1
NC State University
Slide 26
ECE 546
Fall 2012
Restorer Sizing
Voltage [V]
3.0
2.0
W/Lr =1.75/0.25
W/L r =1.50/0.25
1.0
W/Lr =1.0/0.25
0.0
W. Rhett Davis
100
200
W/L r =1.25/0.25
300
Time [ps]
NC State University
400
500
Slide 27
ECE 546
Fall 2012
0V
2.5V
VDD
Out
0V
2.5V
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 28
ECE 546
Fall 2012
B
C
C
C = 2.5 V
A = 2.5 V
B
CL
C=0V
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 29
ECE 546
Fall 2012
Resistance, ohms
Rn
20
Rp
2.5 V
Rn
Vou t
Rp
10
0
0.0
W. Rhett Davis
0V
R n || R p
1.0
Vou t , V
NC State University
2.0
Slide 30
ECE 546
Fall 2012
A
A
B
B
Pass-Transistor
Network
(a)
A
A
B
B
Inverse
Pass-Transistor
Network
F=AB
F=A+B
F= AB
AND/NAND
W. Rhett Davis
F=A
(b)
F =A+B
A
XOR/XNOR
OR/NOR
NC State University
F =A
Slide 31
ECE 546
Fall 2012
VDD
S
V DD
M2
F
S
M1
B
GND
In1
W. Rhett Davis
NC State University
Slide 32
In2
ECE 546
Fall 2012