The use of CPICH (Common Pilot Channel)

CPICH stands for Common Pilot CHannel in UMTS and some other CDMA communications systems.
In WCDMA FDD cellular systems, CPICH is a downlink channel broadcast by Node Bs with constant power and of a
known bit sequence. Its power is usually between 5% and 15% of the total Node B transmit power. A common the
CPICH power is 10% of the typical total transmit power of 43 dBm.
The Primary Common Pilot Channel is used by the UEs to first complete identification of the Primary Scrambling
Code used for scrambling Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH) transmissions from the Node B.
Later CPICH channels provide allow phase and power estimations to be made, as well as aiding discovery of other
radio paths. There is one primary CPICH (P-CPICH), which is transmitted using spreading code 0 with a spreading
factor of 256, notationally written as Cch,256,0[1]. Optionally a Node B may broadcast one or more secondary
common pilot channels (S-CPICH), which use arbitrarily chosen 256 codes, written as Cch,256,n where 0 < n < 256.
A UE searching for a WCDMA Node B will first use the primary and secondary synchronisation channels (P-SCH and
S-SCH respectively) to determine the slot and frame timing of a candidate P-CCPCH, whether STTD is in use, as
well as identifying which one of 64 code groups is being used by the cell. Crucially this allows to UE to reduce the set
of possible Primary Scrambling Codes being used for P-CPICH to only 8 from 512 choices. At this point the correct
PSC can be determined through the use of a matched filter, configured with the fixed channelisation code, looking for
the known CPICH bit sequence, while trying each of the possible 8 PSCs in turn. The results of each run of the
matched filter can be compared, the correct PSC being identified by the greatest correlation result.
Once the scrambling code for a CPICH is known, the channel can be used for measurements of signal quality,
usually comprising of RSCP and Ec/I0. Timing and phase estimations can also be made, providing a reference that
helps to improve reliability when decoding other channels from the same Node B.