Lec. 3.

3 Elementary Fluid Dynamics

The Bernoulli Equation
ENGR 361 Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics

Instructor: Dr. Liangzhu (Leon) Wang

Concordia University

Outline
Review of last lecture
Applications of Bernoulli Equation
Free Jets
Flowrate Measurement
Continuity Equation
Orifice, Nozzle, and Venturi Flow Meter

Energy Line and Hydraulic Grade Line

Examples

Energy Grade Line (EGL) and

Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL)
Bernoulli Equation in the form of Heads.

H is called the total head of the flow; it

measures the total mechanical energy in
units of meters or feet.
3

Energy Grade Line and Hydraulic

Grade Line (contd)
Energy Grade Line (EGL)
EGL=
Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL)

HGL=

EGL HGL =
4

A little Refresh of Pitot Tubes

(5)

V1

2g

P2 H P1

so :

1
2

1
2

V1 h

1
2

V1

V1 ( H h ) H h

V1

2g

Energy Grade Line and Hydraulic

Grade Line (contd)
EGL

What pressures
do the tubes
measure?
Why the velocity
head increase from
left to right?
In reality, EGL
drops from left to
right

Example 1 (Problem 3.33)

Water flows from the faucet
on the first floor of the
building with a maximum
velocity of 20 ft/s. For steady
inviscid flow, determine the
maximum water velocity
from the basement faucet
and from the faucet on the
second floor (assume each
floor is 12 ft tall)
*see transparency
Q1? Why maximum water velocity?
Q2? If now water at (3), what should we do?

(3)

(1)
(0)

(2)

Example 2 (Problem 3.38)

Water flows from a
pressurized tank, through
a 6-in.-diameter pipe,
exits from a 2-in.diameter nozzle, and
rises 20 ft above the
nozzle. Determine the
pressure in the tank if the
flow is steady, frictionless,
and incompressible.

(2)

(1)

(1)

*see transparency

Example 3 (Problem 3.58)

Water from a large reservoir
flows without viscous effects
through a siphon of diameter
D and into a tank. It exits
from a hole in the bottom of
the tank as a stream of
diameter d. The surface of
the reservoir remains H
above the bottom of the tank.
For steady-state conditions,
the water depth in the tank, h,
is constant. Find h/H = f(d/D)

(1)

(4)
(2)
(3)

z2

*see transparency
9

Example 4 (Problem 3.96)

Water flows from the pipe as
a free jet and strikes a
circular flat plate. The flow
geometry shown in axissymmetrical. Determine the
flow rate and the manometer
reading, H.

D2

(0)

(1)

(2)

D1

10