the stiffness coefficient for the anchor bolts in tension:

As
Lb

k b = 1,6

(2.3.27)

where Lb is the anchor bolt length described hereunder. These two expressions relate to
situations where prying forces develop at the extremities of the T-stub flange as a result of a
limited bolt-axial deformation in comparison with the bending deformation of the flange.
In "no prying cases", the deformation p of the base plate is easily derived as :
F

p =

(2.3.28.a)

E k i,p

where the stiffness coefficient k i,p is expressed as :

k i, p

l eff

,ini

(2.3.29.b)

2 m3

and that of the bolts (without preloading) :

b =

(2.3.30.a)

E k i ,b

with :
ki ,b =

2 As
Lb

(2.3.31.b)

Lb is the effective free length of the anchor bolts (Figure 3.2.10). It is defined as the sum of
two contributions Lfl and Lel. Lfl is the free length of the anchor bolts, i.e. the part of the bolt
which is not embedded. Lel is the equivalent free length of the embedded part of the anchor
bolt; it may be approximated to 8d (Wald, 1993), where d is the nominal diameter of the
anchor bolt. Should the embedded length of the bolt be shorter than 8d, then the actual length
of the bolt would be considered. A justification of this definition of Lel is given in section
2.3.5.

2.33