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CAPITAL BUDGETING
INVESTMENT
INVESTMENT
OPPORTUNITIES
MAINTENANCE AND REPLACEMENT
OF DEPRECIABLE CAPITAL ITEMS
ADOPTION OF COST-REDUCING
INVESTMENTS
ADOPTION OF INCOME-INCREASING
INVESTMENTS
A COMBINATION OF THE
PRECEDING
IDENTIFY POTENTIALLY
PROFITABLE INVESTMENT
ALTERNATIVES
COLLECT RELEVANT DATA ON:
2.
CAPITAL OUTLAYS
COSTS
RETURNS
3.
4.
CAPITAL BUDGETING
PAYBACK METHOD
THE PAYBACK METHOD GIVES THE
NUMBER OF YEARS NECESSARY TO
RECOVER THE INITIAL
INVESTMENT.
DOES NOT ACCOUNT FOR THE
TIMING OF CASH FLOWS.
P=I/E
WHERE:
P = PAYBACK PERIOD IN YEARS
I= INITIAL INVESTMENT OUTLAY
E = ANNUAL NET CASH FLOWS
(CASH RECEIPTS LESS CASH EXPENSES)
RETURN AS A PERCENT OF
INITIAL CAPITAL OUTLAY
SRR = Y/I
WHERE:
SRR = SIMPLE RATE OF RETURN
Y
= AVERAGE ANNUAL NET
INCOME (DEPRECIATION
TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT)
I
= INITIAL INVESTMENT
OUTLAY
RETURN AS A PERCENT OF
AVERAGE AMOUNT INVESTED
SRR/ = Y/ (I + S)/2
WHERE:
I = INITIAL INVESTMENT
S = SALVAGE VALUE
N = LENGTH OF PLANNING
HORIZON
I = THE INTEREST RATE OR
REQUIRED RATE-OF-RETURN OR
DISCOUNT RATE
REINVESTMENT
ASSUMPTION
INV A
INV B
INV C
-20,000
- 20,000
- 20,000
2,000
5,800
10,000
4,000
5,800
8,000
6,000
5,800
6,000
8,000
5,800
3,000
10,000
5,800
1,000
AVG
6,000
5,800
5,600
PAYBACK PERIOD
A (30000-20000)/5 = 2000
2000/20000 = 0.10 10%
B (29000-20000)/5 = 1800
1800/20000 = 0.09 9%
C (28000-20000)/5 = 1600
1600/20000 = 0.08 8%
NPV = 2730
A NPV = 2730
IRR = 12.01
B NPV = 3158
IRR = 13.82
C NPV = 3766
IRR = 17.57
Kc = wd Kd + we Ke
Where:
PROFITABILITY INDEX
USED TO ALLOCATE LIMITED
CAPITAL AMONG SEVERAL
INDEPENDENT PROJECTS
PRESENT VALUE OF THE CASH
INFLOWS DIVIDED BY THE INITIAL
CASH OUTLAY
ANNUITY EQUIVALENT
ANNUITY EQUIVALENT IS
CALCULATED BY SETTING THE NPV
OF THE INVESTMENT AS THE PV
AND THEN SOLVING FOR THE PMT
USING THE SAME PLANNING
HORIZON AND DISCOUNT RATE TO
DETERMINE NPV.
FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY
ONCE YOU HAVE EVALUATED AN
INVESTMENT, THE FINANCING OF
THE PROJECT SHOULD BE
DETERMINED.
AFTER-TAX CASH FLOWS MAY NOT
BE SUFFICIENT TO MEET DEBT
REPAYMENT REQUIREMENTS.