5.

1 EXERCISE 2 - BORN-HABER CYCLES

1. Use the data below to calculate the electron affinity of chlorine:
Process
Standard enthalpy of atomisation of potassium
First ionisation enthalpy of potassium
Bond dissociation enthalpy of chlorine
Lattice enthalpy of potassium chloride
Standard enthalpy of formation of potassium chloride

Enthalpy change/kJmol-1
+90
+420
+244
-706
-436

2. Calculate the lattice enthalpy of sodium chloride from the following data:
Process
Na(s) Na(g)
Na(g) Na+(g) + e
Cl2(g) 2Cl(g)
Cl(g) + e Cl-(g)
Na(s) + 1/2Cl2(g) NaCl(s)

Enthalpy change/kJmol-1
+109
+494
+242
-360
-411

3.a) Calculate the electron affinity of chlorine from the following data:
Process
Ca(s) Ca(g)
Ca(g) Ca2+(g) + 2e
1/2Cl2(g) Cl(g)
Ca2+(g) + 2Cl-(g) CaCl2(s)
Ca(s) + Cl2(g) CaCl2(s)

Enthalpy change/kJmol-1
+190
+1730
+121
-2184
-795

b) Use the reactions

Ca(g) Ca+(g) + e
Ca+(g) + Cl-(g) CaCl(s)

+590
-760

To calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of CaCl(s) and hence explain why
CaCl2 is formed in preference to CaCl.