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Oxidation-Reduction
An oxidation-reduction (redox)
reaction involves the transfer
of electrons (e - ). (3.2d)
Sodium transfers its electrons to chlorine
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(2) Protons
(3) Neutrons
(4) positrons
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(2) increases
(3) remains the same
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Cu0
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Cr2+
Cr4+ + 2e-
2N3-
N20 + 6e8
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Losing
Electrons
Oxidation
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Gaining
Electrons
Reduction
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Mg2+(aq) + 2Cl(aq) +
H+(aq)
(3) Cl (aq)
(4) H2 (g)
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CO(g) + H2 (g)
(1) C(s)
(2) H +
(3) C2+
(4) H2 (g)
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2 Al3+ + 3Cu
(1) Al
(2) Cu 2+ + 2e
Cu
(3) Al + 3e
Al 3+
(4) Cu 2+
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Al 3+ + 3e
Cu + 2e
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2+ 5+ 2-
2+ 5+ 2-
Zn + Cu(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2 + Cu
Find the oxidation numbers and see which ones change.
Nitrate NO3 is -1
Zn0
Zn2+ + 2e- Oxidation
Cu2+ + 2eCu0 Reduction
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Na2SO4
Na is +1 because it is a
group 1 metal
O is -2
The oxidation number
of Sulfur must be
calculated
2(+1) + X + 4(-2) = 0
(2 ) + X + (-8) =0
X = +6
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(2) +2
(3) +3
(4) +6
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(2) HCl
(3) HClO
(4) HClO2
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2H2 + O2
2H2O
2-
Reduction
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3+ 2-
Al + O2 Al2O3
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below it on Table J.
A more active nonmetal will replace an ion
below it on Table J.
Any metal above H is more active than H
and will react with an acid to produce H2(g)
The higher up the table, the more readily the
replacement will take place.
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(4) Zn
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A more active
metal will replace a
less active metal
from its compound.
Zn + CuSO4 Cu + ZnSO4
Zinc replaces copper because zinc is
more active than copper.
Cu + ZnSO4
No Reaction
Copper cannot replace zinc
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Oxidation is on top
Reduction is on bottom
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Red Cat An Ox
Reduction at the
Cathode
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Oxidation at the
Anode
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Zn
Zn2+
2e-
e-
e-
e-
Cu2+ + 2e
e-
Cu0
eee-
eElectrons
released
here by
oxidation
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e-
ee-
Electrons
needed
here for
reduction
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Zn2+
2e-
Cu2+ + 2e
Cu0
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Cr0
Zn2+ + 2e-
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Cr0
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Zn 2+ + 2e-
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(3) fermentation
(4) electrolysis
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