OSI MODEL

Layer
Number
7
6

Layer
Name
Application

Presentatio
n
Session

Transport

3
2

Network
Data-Link

Physical

Layer Description
DATA HTTP HTTPS FTP TFTP SMTP TELNET SSH DNS NTP
SNMP DHCP
DATA ASCII EBCDIC ENCRYPTION DECRYPTION Delivery &
Formatting
DATA Starts, Maintains, and Ends communication sessions
between applications
Segments TCP UDP ACK NACK WINDOWING SEQUENCING
(SCTP-Multi-Streaming)
Packets IP IPX RIP EIGRP OSPF ROUTERS Logical Topology
Frames MAC ADDRESSES SWITCHES BRIDGES PPP FRAMERELAY WIRELESS (Sub-layers: MAC & LLC)
BITS VOLTAGE CABLING HUBS AMPLIFIERS REPEATERS
WAN WIRELESS

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Definitions:
Encapsulation: is a method of designing modular communication protocols in which logically
separate functions in the
network are abstracted from their underlying structures
by inclusion or information hiding within higher level objects.
Meaning as information gets processed from layer7 to layer1 each layer adds its
information to data packet being formed
Encapsulation Order: DATA => SEGMENTS => PACKETS => FRAMES => BITS. These are your
Protocol Data Units.
In the process of Encapsulation, it is the lower layer that encapsulates the upper layer.

PDU: Information that is delivered as a unit among peer entities of a network and that may
contain control

information, such as address information, or user data.