Types of Heat Exchangers

Flow Arrangement: Co-flow, Counter-flow,

Cross-flow
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD)

The simplest type of heat exchanger consists of

two concentric pipes of different diameter. It
called double-pipe.
Counterflow
Coflow (also called parallel flow)

The mechanisms of conduction and convection apply

to heat exchangers. The resistance concept.

The simplest representation of a heat exchanger is :

Heat flows from a higher temp Th to lower temp Tc .

It crosses the containing surface i.e the pipe wall.

As seen before, we can visualize three thermal

resistances:
1)Convection resistance of hot fluid
2)Wall conduction resistance
3)Convection resistance of cold fluid

 We may use the idea of overall heat resistance here.

The number of resistances in series can increase due to
scaling (formation of deposits) or due to fins placed on
either surface.

Thermal resistance network associated with heat

transfer in a double-pipe (also called as concentric
tube) heat exchanger.

There are two method in used in the analysis of

heat exchanger :
I. The log mean temperature difference (LMTD)
II. The effectiveness NTU(the number of transfer unit)

where the subscripts c and h stand for cold and hot fluids, respectively

To select a heat exchanger that will achieve a

specified temperature change in a fluid stream of
known mass flow rate, we used LMTD method.
Important thing in this method, we need :

I.

Log mean temperature difference

II. Rate of heat transfer

Temperature difference between the

hot and cold fluids is large at the
inlet of the heat exchanger but
decreases exponentially toward the
outlet.
The temperature of the hot fluid
decreases and the temperature of the
cold fluid increases along the heat
exchanger.
The temperature of the cold fluid can
never exceed that of the hot fluid.

the hot and cold fluids enter the heat exchanger from opposite
ends
the outlet temperature of the cold fluid can never exceed the
inlet temperature of the hot fluid.
For specified inlet and outlet temperatures :

The correction factor F depends on the geometry of the heat

exchanger and the inlet and outlet temperatures of the hot and
cold fluid streams

F for common cross-flow and shell-and-tube heat exchanger

configurations is given in Figure versus two temperature
ratios P and R defined as