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Presentation by
Tutors
- Prof. V. Buwa
- Prof. S. Chakraborty
What is CFD?
Contents
What is Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)?
Finite volume method (FVM) in CFD.
Method 1: Stream function - vorticity approach.
Method 2: SIMPLE algorithm.
Comparison Lid-driven cavity flow.
What is CFD?
Contents
What is Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)?
1. The Navier-Stokes' equations.
2. Initial values, boundary conditions.
Finite volume method (FVM).
Method 1: Stream function - vorticity approach.
Method 2: SIMPLE algorithm.
Comparison Lid-driven cavity flow.
What is CFD?
v
2
+v v = p+ v
t
where
v =v (t , x ) ,
p= p (t , x ) .
What is CFD?
p (0, x )= p 0
Example:
Arrows velocity of the fluid.
No fluid can go
through a wall.
No-slip condition:
v (t )=0 parallell to the boundary
What is CFD?
Contents
What is Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)?
Finite volume method (FVM).
1. Repetition.
Method 1: Stream function - vorticity approach.
Method 2: SIMPLE algorithm.
Comparison Lid-driven cavity flow.
What is CFD?
1. Repetition.
RECALL!
The finite volume method has two main advantages:
Mass, momentum and energy are conserved.
Can be applied to unstructured meshes.
Remember:
Divergence theorem,
.
CV u dV =(CV ) udS
Question:
How do we apply this to
Navier Stokes equations?
What is CFD?
Contents
What is Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)?
Finite volume method (FVM) in CFD.
Method 1: Stream function - vorticity approach.
1. Rewriting Navier-Stokes' equations.
2. Boundary conditions.
Method 2: SIMPLE algorithm.
Comparison Lid-driven cavity flow.
What is CFD?
1. Rewriting NS equations.
2. Boundary conditions.
u
u
u
p
2
+u
+v
=
+ u
t
x
y
x
v
v
u
p
2
+u
+v
=
+ v
t
x
y
y
velocity
Definition:
The stream function vorticity approach:
Continuity equation
u v
+
=0
x y
(3.3)
u=
v u
, v=
, =
y
x
x y
Note: The continuity equation is satisfied with the new variables. Therefore, this
method works when and only when we are considering incompressible fluids.
What is CFD?
1. Rewriting NS equations.
2. Boundary conditions.
(*)
+
= 2 ,
t y x x y
:=
Solution procedure:
i, j
10
What is CFD?
1. Rewriting NS equations.
2. Boundary conditions.
i , j
=0
y
i , j
v i , j =
=0
x
ui , j=
=C
=0
Normal derivatives
are zero!
i , j
v i , j =
=0
x
i , j
ui , j=
=0
y
11
What is CFD?
1. Rewriting NS equations.
2. Boundary conditions.
v
u
u
i ,0
i ,0= i ,0 i ,0 = i ,0 =
x
y
y
y2
Taylor expansion:
Insert equation:
1 i ,0
2
i ,1 =i ,0+ i ,0 y+
(
y
)
+...
y
2 y2
i ,0
u i ,0 =
=0 (non-slip)
y
j=2
j=1
Boundary
i ,0=
2 (i ,1 1,0 )
( y)2
The difference in
produces vorticity!
j=0
12
What is CFD?
Contents
What is Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)?
Finite volume method (FVM) in CFD.
Method 1: Stream function - vorticity approach.
Method 2: SIMPLE algorithm.
1. Staggered grid.
2. SIMPLE algorithm.
Comparison Lid-driven cavity flow.
13
What is CFD?
1. Staggered grid
2. SIMPLE algorithm.
14
What is CFD?
1. Staggered grid
2. SIMPLE algorithm.
u (u ) (uv ) 1 p 2 u 2 u
+
+
+
=
+
t
x
y
x x2 y 2
Continuity equation:
u v
+
=0
x y
[ (
) (
)]
2 u
p
uv u dx dy + 1
u
dx
dy+
u
+
dx dy=0
x y
y
CV
CV x
CV x
t
Greens theorem gives:
u
u
1
p
2
u
dx
dy+
uv
dx+
u
dy+
dx dy=0
CV
(CV
)
CV
t
y
x
x
15
What is CFD?
1. Staggered grid
2. SIMPLE algorithm.
n
u (t n , x i , y j )=:u i , j
ui , j u i , j
u
(t , x , y )=
,
t n i j
t
n
n +1
n+1
n +1
(u +u
)(u +u i+1, j )
2
u (t n , x i+1 /2 , y j )= i , j i+1, j i , j
,
4
p
pi , j
p
(t n , x i , y j )= i +1, j
x
x
etc...
What is CFD?
1. Staggered grid
2. SIMPLE algorithm.
) (
u
u
1
p
2
u
dx
dy+
uv
dx+
u
dy+
dx dy=0
y
x
CV
(CV )
CV x
t
xy
n
n +1
n
n+1
n
n +1
n+1
+a i , j u i , j + a nb u nb +b + y ( p i+1, j p i , j )=0
t
n
where a i , j , a nb , b
(1)
(Set =1.)
Remaining question:
How do we solve this equation?
17
What is CFD?
1. Staggered grid
2. SIMPLE algorithm.
xy
n
*
n
*
n
n
n
+a i , j u i , j + a nb u nb +b + y ( pi +1, j pi , j )=0
t
n+1
(2)
u i , j :=ui , j u i , j
xy
n
c
n
c
+a i , j u i , j + a nb u nb + y ( pi +1, j p i , j )=0
t
where
n+1
(3)
pi , j= pi , j pi , j .
18
What is CFD?
1. Staggered grid
2. SIMPLE algorithm.
a nnb u cnb 0.
This gives, using equation (3):
c
u i , j =d i , j ( p i , j pi +1, j ).
(4)
Continuity equation:
n+1
n +1
u
v
+
=0
+ (3)
x
y
(3*)
19
c
Oliver
Petersen, KTH
u Lindblad
.
What is CFD?
1. Staggered grid
2. SIMPLE algorithm.
a i , j p i , j = a nb p nb +b .
p
Step 5: Find u i , j .
Solve using
over-/underrelaxation!
xy
n
c
n
c
+a i , j u i , j + a nb u nb + y ( pi +1, j p i , j )=0 .
t
20
c
Oliver
Petersen, KTH
u Lindblad
.
What is CFD?
1. Staggered grid
2. SIMPLE algorithm.
Step 6:
n+1
Compute u i , j =u i , j +u i , j ,
and
n +1
i, j
n+1
v i , j =v i , j +v i , j
n
i, j
= p + p i , j .
21
What is CFD?
Contents
What is Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)?
Finite volume method (FVM) in CFD.
Method 1: Stream function - vorticity approach.
Method 2: SIMPLE algorithm.
Comparison Lid-driven cavity flow.
1. Problem.
2. Results.
3. Conclusion.
22
What is CFD?
1. Problem
2. Result
3. Conclusion
2
h
1 m/s
SIMPLE:
u ( upper boundary)=1
1m
1m
23
What is CFD?
1. Problem
2. Result
3. Conclusion
SIMPLE algorithm
24
What is CFD?
1. Problem
2. Result
3. Conclusion
CPU-time
Implementations in Matlab, using code from other authors,
see references on slide 26.
GRID:
SIMPLE
1010
0.3 s
4.5 s
2020
1.0 s
42.7 s
3030
3.2 s
159.4 s
4040
8.6 s
508.1 s
25
What is CFD?
1. Problem
2. Result
3. Conclusion
Rescaled CPU-time
In order to minimize influence of particular implementation,
we rescale so that the CPU time was 1 second in both
for grid size 100=1010.
26
What is CFD?
1. Problem
2. Result
3. Conclusion
Conclusion:
The non-trivial boundary condition was possible to implement in a natural
way in both cases. For the Lid-driven flow, the Stream function vorticity
approach was faster than the SIMPLE algorithm.
Note:
The Stream function vorticity approach only works in 2 dimensions. This
is due to the fact that an analogue of Stream function does not exist in
3 dimensions.
27
What is CFD?
1. Problem
2. Result
3. Conclusion
References:
Matlab code:
Stream function vorticity, Matlab program from:
http://www.fem.unicamp.br/~phoenics/SITE_PHOENICS/
Apostilas/CFD-1_U%20Michigan_Hong/Lecture05.pdf, slide 33
SIMPLE, Matlab program by:
Ryan Picardo, Jason. CFDT project Steady flow of an Incompressible
Fluid in a Lid Driven Cavity. IIT Madras.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/92468216/Lid-Driven-Cavity-SIMPLE
Literature:
NPTEL
nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/112104030/
28
What is CFD?
Questions?
29
Thank you!
Presentation by
Tutors
- Prof. V. Buwa
- Prof. S. Chakraborty
30