3

60

227

KW
WW
J

K4W

59

227

ActiveFilters

FKEFilterSelectivityF
KE RC, RL, or RLC F E
E Active Filters F KE Passive Filters F
EGainF
WKEF
ActiveLowPassFilter(LPF) J

ActiveHighPassFilter(HPF) J

ActiveBandPassFilters(BPF) J

ActiveBandStopFilters(BSF) J

EF
KE FilterOrderF
K

K

60

227

K
ActiveLowPassFilter(LPF)1 J3
F
K E Critical or Cutoff Frequency fc
EFrequencyResponseF
KE1 J3F
E dBFEF
W
Gain

Vout
, In decibel units :
Vin

V
20 log out
Vin

, [ dB ]

(31)

K2010W
KE1 J3F

KEDecadeF

61

227

E1 J3F
3dBE fcF
K

1
2

3dBW
KEPowerF

E23F
W

fC

1
(32)
2RC

62

227

E2 J3F
E2 J3F C R
KR1R1
W1 J3
KE3 J3F J
J

63

227

(3-3)
W
J

Aol (dB)
0

20dB/decade

20

fc =15.9 kHz

f(Hz)

1001k10k100k1M

64

227

fC

1
1

15.9 kHz
2RC 2 10 k 0.001 F

KE4 J3F

E4 J3F

K
W

fC

1
R A RB C A C B (33)

65

227

SallenKeyLowPassFilter
E Butterworth F R2 R1 KE5 J3F
WKE1 J3F

ENumberofPolesF J

ERolloff,dB/decadeF J
EDampingFactorF J

ER1/R2FR2R1 J

E1 J3F

KEF

66

227

CA
Vin

RA
+
RB
CB

Vout

R1

R2

SallenKeyE5 J3F

K
W2 J3
KE6 J3F J
K1 J3R1 J

67

227

(6-3)
W
WE3 J3F J

fC

1
RA RB C A C B

1
1

7.96 kHz
2 R C 2 1 k 0.02 F

1 J3R1 J

EFirstStageF

68

227

R1
0.586 R1 0.586 R2 0.586 1 k 586
R2
WActiveHighPassFilter(HPF)2 J3

KE73F
K

KE8 J3F

69

227

E8 J3F
K
SallenKeyHighPassFilter
KE9 J3F
RA
CA
Vin

CB

+
Vout

RB

R1

R2

SallenKey E9 J3F
70

227

3 J3

K10kHzE9 J3F
W

R2R1RBRA

R R A RB R2 3.3 k
ECA=CBFE3 J3F

C C A CB

1
1

0.0048 F
2 R f c
2 ( 3.3 k ) (10 kHz )

WE1 J3F

R1
0.586 R1 0.586 R2 0.586 3.3 k 1.93 k
R2
W
WR2R1=3.3k
R2

R1
3.3 k

5.63 k
0.586 0.586

1
KE R 0.586 F
2

KEF

71

227

K
WActiveBandPassFilters(BPF)3 J3
f C1
KE103F

f C2

KE f C1 FE f C F
2

E11 J3F
K f C 2 f C1

f C1 f 0 f C 2

E10 J3F

72

227

E11 J3F
J3FSallenKey
KE12

RA1
CA1
Vin

C A2
CB1

RA2

+
RB1

R B2

C B2

R1

Vout
R3

R2

R4

HPF with

fc1

LPF with

fc2

SallenKeyE11 J3F
Wf0
73

227

f C1 2

1
RA1 RB1C A1 C B1 (3

4)

f C 2 2

1
RA 2 RB 2C A 2 C B 2 (3

5)

f 0

f c1 f c 2

(36)

WEBWF

BW

f c 2 f c1

(37)

WEQFactorF
Q

f0
(38)
BW
74

227

E SelectivityF

WK
E NarrowBand BandPass Filter F J
KEQ>10F
E WideBandBandPassFilterF J
KEQ<10F
W
4 J3
W J
QFactor J

E12 J3F

75

227

f C1

1
1

15.9 kHz
2R1C1 2 1 k 10 nF

f C2

1
1

3.98 kHz
2R2 C 2 2 20 k 2 nF

f 0

f C1 f C2

15.9 k 3.98 k 7.95 kHz

E8 J3F J
K

BW f c 2 f c1 15.9 kHz 3.98 kHz 11.92 kHz

f0
7.95 kHz

0.666
BW 11.92 kHz

K

K


76

227

WActiveBandStopFilter4 J3
f C1
KE133F f C 2

f0

f C1

f C2

E13 J3F
60HzFKE14 J3F
E
WEfc1=fc2F

R1 R2
C1 C 2
Wf0

f
0
2 R C (39)
77

227

E14 J3F
5 J3
W100HzR2R1

E15 J3F

78

227

f 0
R

2RC

1
1

15.92 k
2fC 2 100 0.1

79

227

J1

J2

E16 J3F J J3
J

E16 J3F

80

227

K J4
KE17 J3F J5
K J
K1 J3R1 J

E17 J3F

W J6

81

227

E18 J3F
J
K J
R4 R3 J
10FC1 J
WE19 J3F J7
K J
K J
f J

K c

82

227

Aol (dB)
0

20dB/decade

20

40

f(Hz)
1001k10k100k1M

E19 J3F
K50kHz J J8
K30kHz J J9
K J J10
2680Hz J11
K1800

83