Integrals

INTEGRALS
ELEMENTARY FORMS
Z
a dx ax
1.
Z
Z
a f x dx a
2.
Z
Z
y dx
3.
Z
y
dy,
y0
Z
Z
u
6.
Z
7.
Z
8.
Z
9.
Z
10.
Z
11.
Z
12.
Z
13.
xn dx
where u and v are any functions of x
v dx,
Z
dv
dv
dx uv
dx
dy
dx
Z
u dx
Z
u dv u
5.
where y0
Z
u v dx
4.
f x dx
Z
v du uv
Z
v
v du
du
dx
dx
xn1
,
n1
except n 1
f 0 x dx
log f x,
f x
df x f 0 x dx
dx
log x
x
f 0 x dx p
p f x,
2 f x
df x f 0 x dx
ex dx ex
eax dx eax =a
bax dx
bax
,
a log b
b > 0
Z
log x dx x log x x
14.
Z
15.
Z
16.
ax log a dx ax ,
a > 0
dx
1
x
tan1
a2 x2 a
a
8
1
1 x
>
>
> a tanh a
>
>
Z
<
dx
or
17.
a2 x2 >
>
>
>
1
>
: log a x ,
2a
ax
8
1
>
1 x
>
> coth
>
Z
<
a
a
dx
18.
or
2
2
>
x a
>
>
1
xa
>
:
log
,
2a
xa
a2 > x2
x2 > a2
A-20
INTEGRALS (Continued)
8
x
>
sin1
>
>
>
jaj
>
Z
<
dx
p
19.
or
2
2
>
a x
>
>
>
> cos1 x ,
:
jaj
Z
20.
Z
21.
Z
22.
a2 > x2
p
dx
p log x x2 a2
2
2
x a
dx
1
x
p sec1
a
x x2 a2 jaj
dx
1
a
p log
a
x a2 x2
p!
a2 x2
x
FORMS CONTAINING (a bx)

For forms containing a bx, but not listed in the table, the substitution u
may prove helpful.
Z
a bxn1
23.
a bxn dx
,
n 6 1
n 1b
Z
24.
Z
25.
xa bxn dx
1
a
a bxn2 2
a bxn1 ,
b2 n 2
b n 1
x2 a bxn dx
a bx
x
n 6 1, 2
1 a bxn3
a bxn2
a bxn1
2a
a2
3
b
n3
n2
n1
8 m1
Z
x a bxn
an
>
>
xm a bxn1 dx
>
>
>
mn1
mn1
>
>
>
>
>
or
>
>
>

Z
>
Z
<
1
n1
m1
m n 2 xm a bxn1 dx
26.
xm a bxn dx an 1 x a bx
>
>
>
>
>
>
or
>
>
>
>

Z
>
>
>
1
>
:
xm a bxn1 ma xm1 a bxn dx
bm n 1
Z
27.
Z
28.
Z
29.
dx
1
log a bx
a bx b
dx
1

ba bx
a bx2
dx
1

a bx3
2ba bx2
81
>
a bx a log a bx
>
>
2
>
>
Z

>
>
>
>
x
: a log a bx
b b2
A-21
x dx
1
a
2 log a bx
2
b
a bx
a bx
x dx
1
1
a
,
n 2
n2
n1
a bx
b n 2 a bx
n 1a bx
31.
32.
n 6 1, 2
x2 dx
1 1
3 a bx2 2aa bx a2 log a bx
a bx b 2
x2 dx
1
a2
3 a bx 2a log a bx
2
b
a bx
a bx
x2 dx
1
2a
a2
log
a
bx
a bx 2a bx2
a bx3 b3
x2 dx
1
1
2a
a2

,
n 3
n3
n2
n1
a bx
b n 3 a bx
n 2 a bx
n 1 a bx
33.
34.
35.
36.
Z
37.
Z
38.
Z
39.
Z
40.
Z
41.
Z
42.
dx
1
a bx
log
xa bx
a
x
dx
1
1
a bx
log
x
xa bx2 aa bx a2
"
#

dx
1 1 2a bx 2
x
log
a bx
xa bx3 a3 2 a bx
dx
1
b
a bx
2 log
x2 a bx
ax a
x
dx
2bx a b2
x
3 log
x3 a bx
2a2 x2
a bx
a
dx
a 2bx
2b
a bx
log
2
a xa bx a3
x
x2 a bx2
FORMS CONTAINING c2 x2, x2 c2
Z
43.
Z
44.
Z
45.
Z
46.
Z
47.
dx
1
cx
,
log
c2 x2 2c
cx
c2 > x2
dx
1
xc
,
log
x2 c2 2c
xc
x2 > c2
x dx
1
log c2 x2
c2 x2
2
x dx
1

2nc2 x2 n
c2 x2 n1
Z
dx
1
x
dx
2n

3
n
c2 x2
2c2 n 1 c2 x2 n1
c2 x2 n1
Z
dx
1
x
dx

2n

3
x2 c2 n 2c2 n 1
x2 c2 n1
x2 c2 n1
48.
49.
Z
50.
dx
1
x
tan1
c2 x2 c
c
x dx
1
log x2 c2
x2 c2 2
A-22
n 6 1, 2, 3
Z
51.
x dx
1

2n x2 c2 n
x2 c2 n1
FORMS CONTAINING a bx and c dx
u a bx, v c dx, k ad bc
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
c
If k 0, then v u
a
Z
v
dx
1
log
u v k
u
Z
h
i
x dx 1 a
c
log u log v
u v k b
d

Z
dx
1 1 d
v
log
u2 v k u k
u
Z
x dx
a
c
v
log
u2 v
bku k2
u

Z 2
x dx
a2
1 c2
ak bc
log
v
log
u
u2 v b2 ku k2 d
b2

Z
Z
dx
1
1
dx

m
n

2b
un vm km 1 un1 vm1
un vm1
Z
u
bx k
dx
2 log v
v
d
d
8
m1
Z m
1
u
u
>
>
>
bn m 2
dx
>
n1
n1
>
kn 1 v
v
>
>
>
>
or
>
>

>
Z
Z m
1
um
um1
u dx <
mk
dx
dn m 1 vn1
vn
>
vn
>
>
>
or
>
>
>
m
>
Z m1
>
>
1
u
u
>
>
mb
dx
:
n1
dn 1 v
vn1
FORMS CONTAINING (a bxn)

p
dx
1
1 x ab
p
,
ab > 0
tan
a bx2
a
ab
8
p
>
1
a x ab
>
> p log
p
,
ab < 0
>
>
>
Z
a x ab
< 2 ab
dx
or
61.
a bx2 >
p
>
>
>
1
x ab
>
>
,
ab < 0
: p tanh1
a
ab
Z
dx
1
bx
62.
tan1
a2 b2 x2 ab
a
Z
x dx
1
63.
loga bx2
a bx2 2b
Z
Z
x2 dx
x a
dx
64.

2
a bx
b b a bx2
Z
Z
dx
x
1
dx
65.
a bx2 2 2aa bx2 2a a bx2

Z
60.
A-23
Z
66.
Z
67.
Z
68.
Z
69.
Z
70.
Z
71.
Z
72.
Z
73.
dx
a bx2 m1
Z
8
1
x
2m 1
dx
>
>
m
>
2
> 2ma a bx
2ma
a
bx2 m
>
>
<
or
"
#
>
Z
>
m
>
>
2m! x X
r!r 1!
1
dx
>
>
:
mr
r
4am a bx2
m!2 2a r1 4a 2r!a bx2
x dx
1

2bma bx2 m
a bx2 m1
x2 dx
x
1
m
2mb
a bx2 m1 2mba bx2
dx
a bx2 m
dx
1
x2
log
2
xa bx 2a
a bx2
dx
1 b

x2 a bx2
ax a
dx
xa bx2 m1
dx
a bx2
Z
8
1
1
dx
>
>
m
>
2
>
2ama
bx
a
xa
bx2 m
>
>
<
or
"
#
>
>
m
>
X
>
1
ar
x2
>
>
log
: m1
r
2a
ra bx2
a bx2
r1
dx
1
x2 a bx2 m1 a
dx
b

x2 a bx2 m a
dx
a bx2 m1
dx
k 1
k x3 p
2x k
log
3 tan1 p ,
3
3
a bx
3a 2
a bx
k 3
x dx
1 1
a bx3 p
2x k
log
3 tan1 p ,
3
3
a bx
3bk 2
k 3
k x
74.
75.
Z
76.
Z
77.
Z
78.
Z
79.
Z
80.
Z
81.
dx
1
a bx
log
a2 b2 x2 2ab
a bx
r

3 a
k
b

k
r
3 a
b
x2 dx
1
loga bx3
a bx3 3b

dx
k 1
x2 2kx 2k2
2kx
1
log
tan
,
a bx4 2a 2
2k2 x2
x2 2kx 2k2

dx
k 1
xk
1 x
log
tan
,
a bx4 2a 2
xk
k
x dx
1
x2
tan1 ,
4
a bx
2bk
k
x dx
1
x2 k
log 2
,
a bx4 4bk
x k

ab < 0, k

ab > 0, k
r
4 a
4b
r
a
4

b
r

a
ab > 0, k
b

ab < 0, k
r
a

b
x2 dx
1 1
x2 2kx 2k2
2kx
1
log
tan
,
a bx4 4bk 2
2k2 x2
x2 2kx 2k2
A-24
r

4 a
ab > 0, k
4b
Z
82.
Z
83.
Z
84.
Z
85.
Z
86.
x3 dx
1
loga bx4
a bx4 4b
dx
1
xn
log
xa bxn an
a bxn
dx
1
a bxn m1 a
xm dx
1
a bxn p1 b
Z
87.
r

a
4
ab < 0, k
b
x2 dx
1
xk
1 x
log
2
tan
,
a bx4 4bk
xk
k
xm a
dx
1
bxn p1 a
dx
b

a bxn m a
xmn dx
a

a bxn p b
Z
xm a
xn dx
a bxn m1
xmn dx
a bxn p1
dx
b

bxn p a
dx
xmn a bxn p1
Z
8
1
>
mn
n p
mn1
n p1
>
x
a
bx

am

n
1
x
a
bx
dx
>
>
bnp m 1
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
or
>
>
>
>
>
>

>
Z
>
>
1
>
>
xm1 a bxn p anp xm a bxn p1 dx
>
>
>
> np m 1
>
Z
<
m
n p
88.
x a bx dx
or
>
>
>
>
>

Z
>
>
1
>
>
xm1 a bxn p1 m 1 np nb xmn a bxn p dx
>
>
>
am 1
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
or
>
>
>
>
>
>

Z
>
>
1
>
>
:
xm1 a bxn p1 m 1 np n xm a bxn p1 dx
anp 1
FORMS CONTAINING c3 x3
Z
89.
dx
1
c x3
1
2x c
2 log 3
p tan1 p
c3 x3
6c
c x3 c2 3
c 3
Z
90.
c3
Z
91.
Z
92.
Z
93.
dx
x
2
x3 2 3c3 c3 x3 3c3
dx
c3 x3
Z
dx
1
x
dx
3n

1
n
c3 x3 n
c3 x3 n1 3nc3 c3 x3
x dx
1
c3 x3
1
2x c
log
p tan1 p
c3 x3 6c
c 3
c x3 c 3
x dx
x2
1
c3 x3 2 3c3 c3 x3 3c3
x dx
c3 x3
A-25
Z
94.
Z
95.
Z
x dx
1
x2
x dx
3n

2
n
c3 x3 n
c3 x3 n1 3nc3 c3 x3
x2 dx
1
logc3 x3
c3 x3
3
Z
96.
c3
Z
97.
x2 dx
1

3nc3 x3 n
x3 n1
dx
1
x3
3 log 3
3
x 3c
c x3
xc3
Z
dx
1
1
x3
log 3
c x3
xc3 x3 2 3c3 c3 x3 3c6
Z
Z
dx
1
1
dx
99.
n 3
n1
3
3
3
3
3
3nc c x
c
xc3 x3 n
xc x
Z
Z
dx
1
1
x dx

100.
x2 c3 x3
c3 x c3 c3 x3
Z
Z
Z
dx
1
dx
1
x dx
101.

n
c3 c3 x3 n1
x2 c3 x3 n1 c3 x2 c3 x3
98.
FORMS CONTAINING c4 x4
"
p
p #
dx
1
1
x2 cx 2 c2
1 cx 2
p log
p
102.
tan
c4 x4 2c3 2 2
c2 x2
x2 cx 2 c2

Z
dx
1 1
cx
x
tan1
3 log
103.
4
4
c x
2c 2
cx
c
Z
2
x dx
1
x
tan1 2
104.
c4 x4 2c2
c
Z
x dx
1
c2 x2
105.
log 2
c4 x4 4c2
c x2
"
p
p #
Z
x2 dx
1
1
x2 cx 2 c2
1 cx 2
p
106.
p log
tan
c4 x4 2c 2 2
c2 x2
x2 cx 2 c2
Z
Z
107.
Z
108.
x2 dx
1 1
cx
1 x
log

tan
c4 x4 2c 2
cx
c
x3 dx
1
log c4 x4
c4 x4
4
FORMS CONTAINING (a bx cx2)
X a bx cx2 and q 4ac b2

b 2
If q 0, then X c x
, and formulas starting with 23 should
2c
be used in place of these.
Z
dx
2
2cx b
p tan1 p ,
109.
q > 0
X
q
q
8
2
1 2cx b
>
>
tanh
p
>
> p
Z
q
q
<
dx
or
110.
p
>
X
>
2cx b q
1
>
>
: p log
q < 0
p ,
q
2cx b q
Z
Z
dx 2cx b 2c dx
111.
X2
qX
q
X
A-26
Z
112.

Z
dx 2cx b 1
3c
6c2 dx
2
3
2
X
q
2X
qX
X
q
Z
8
2cx b 22n 1c dx
>
>
>
n
>
nqX
qn
Xn
>
>
Z
<
dx
or
113.
#
X n1 >
"

Z
>
n
>
>
2n! c n 2cx b X
q r r 1!r!
dx
>
>
:
q
cX
2r!
X
n!2 q
r1
Z
Z
x dx
1
b dx
log X
X
2c
2c X
Z
Z
x dx bx 2a b dx

115.
2
X
qX
q X
Z
Z
x dx
2a bx b2n 1 dx
116.

n1
n
X
nqX
nq
Xn
114.
Z
117.
Z
118.
Z
119.
Z
120.
Z
121.
Z
122.
x2
x
b
b2 2ac
dx 2 log X
c 2c
2c2
X
x2
b2 2acx ab 2a
dx
cqX
q
X2
dx
X
dx
1
x2
b
log
xX 2a
X 2a
xm1 dx
X n1
dx
X
2
Z
dx
b
X
1
b
c
dx
2 log 2

2
2
x X 2a
x
ax
a
X
2a
dx
1
b

xX n 2an 1X n1 2a
dx
xm X n1
dx 1
Xn a
dx
xX n1
1
nm1 b

m 1axm1 X n
m1
a
Z
2n m 1 c
dx

m1
a xm2 X n1
FORMS CONTAINING
124.
dx
X
xm dx
xm1
nm1 b

n1
X
2n m 1cX n 2n m 1 c
Z m2
m1
a x
dx

2n m 1 c
X n1
Z
123.
dx
xm1 X n1
p
a bx
Z p
q
2
a bx3
a bx dx
3b
Z
125.
q
22a 3bx a bx3
p
x a bx dx
15b2
q
28a2 12abx 15b2 x2 a bx3
p
126.
x a bx dx
105b3
q
Z
8
p
2
3
>
m
m1
>
x
a
bx

ma
x
a
bx
dx
>
>
b2m 3
>
>
Z

>
m
>
>
2 p X
m!amr
>
>
a bxr1
: m1 a bx
b
r!m r!2r 3
r0
Z
A-27
Z
Z p
p
dx
a bx
p
dx 2 a bx a
128.
x
x a bx
129.
p
Z
Z p
a bx
a bx b
dx
p
dx

2
x
x
2 x a bx
2q
p 3
Z p
a bx3 2m 5b Z a bx
1
a bx
4
dx
dx5
130.
m 1a
2
xm
xm1
xm1
Z
p
dx
2 a bx
p
b
a bx
x dx
22a bx p
p
a bx
3b2
a bx
x2 dx
28a2 4abx 3b2 x2 p
p
a bx
15b3
a bx
131.
132.
133.

8
Z m1
p
2
x dx
>
m
>
p
x
a
bx

ma
>
>
>
2m 1b
a bx
>
>
Z
<
xm dx
or
p
134.
a bx >
>
p m
>
>
>
2am a bx X
1r m!a bxr
>
>
:
m1
b
2r 1r!m r!ar
r0
Z
135.
Z
136.
Z
137.
p p
dx
1
a bx a
p p log p p ,
a
x a bx
a bx a
dx
2
p p tan1
a
x a bx
dx
p
x2 a bx
r
a bx
,
a
a > 0
a < 0
p
Z
dx
a bx b
p

2a x a bx
ax
p
8
Z
2n 3b
dx
a bx
>
>
p

>
>
n1
>
2n 2a xn1 a bx
n 1ax
>
>
>
>
>
" p
>

>
n1
Z
< 2n 2!
r!r 1!
b nr1
a bx X
dx

p
138.
xr 2r!
4a
a
n 1!2
xn a bx >
r1
>
>
>
>
>
#
>

Z
>
>
>
b n1
dx
>
>
p

:
4a
x a bx
Z
139.
Z
n2
xa bx
140.
Z
141.
2n
a bx2 dx
2a bx 2
b2 n
"
#
4n
2n
2 a bx 2
aa bx 2

dx 2
b
4n
2n
dx
1
m
a
xa bx2
dx
xa bx
m2
2
b
a
A-28
dx
m
a bx 2
Z
142.
Z
143.
a bxn=2 dx
b
x
a bx n2 =2 dx a
a bx n2 =2
dx
x

Z 2
p
p
2
z a
f
,z z dz, z a bx
f x, a bx dx
b
b
FORMS CONTAINING
u a bx
p
p
a bx and c dx
v c dx
k ad bc
c
If k 0, then, v u, and formulas starting with 124 should
a
be used in place of these.
8
p
>
bduv
2
>
1
>
p
,
bd > 0, k < 0
tanh
>
>
bv
>
bd
>
>
>
>
>
>
or
>
>
>
>
p
Z
<
dx
2
bduv
p
144.
p tanh1
,
bd > 0, k > 0:
uv >
du
bd
>
>
>
>
>
>
or
>
>
>
>
p
>
>
>
1
bv bduv2
>
>
,
bd > 0
: p log
v
bd
8
p
>
2
bduv
>
1
>
p
tan
>
>
Z
< bd
bv
dx
p
145.
or

uv >
>
>
1
2bdx ad bc
> p
>
,
sin1
:
jkj
bd
Z
146.
p
k 2bvp
k2
uv dx
uv
4bd
8bd
dx
p
uv
8
p p
1
d u kd
>
>
p log p p
>
>
>
d u kd
kd
>
>
Z
<
dx
p
147.
or
v u >
>
>
p p
>
> 1
>
d u kd 2
>
: p log
,
v
kd
Z
148.
Z
p
Z
uv ad bc
x dx
dx
p
p

bd
uv
2bd
uv
p
dx
2 uv
p
kv
v uv
p
Z
uv k
v dx
dx
p
p

b
2b
uv
uv
149.
150.
151.
152.
kd < 0
Z
Z r
v
v
v dx
p
dx
u
jvj
uv
Z
153.
p
dx
2
d u
p p tan1 p ,
v u
kd
kd
kd > 0
p
vm u dx

Z m
p
1
v dx
p
2vm1 u k
2m 3d
u
A-29
bd < 0
Z
154.

Z
p

dx
1
3
dx
u
p
p
m b
m1
m1
m 1k v
2
v
u
u
vm
8

Z m1
>
2
v
>
m p
>
p dx
v
u

mk
>
>
b2m 1
u
>
>
>
>
Z m
<
v dx
or
p
155.
>
u
>
>

p m
>
>
>
2m!2 u X
4k mr 2r! r
>
>

v
>
: b2m 1!
b
r!2
r0
FORMS CONTAINING
156.
Z p
p
p
x2 a2 dx 12x x2 a2 a2 log x x2 a2
Z
157.
Z
158.
Z
159.
160.
p
x2 a2
p
dx
p log x x2 a2
2
2
x a
dx
1
x
p
sec1
a
x x2 a2 jaj
dx
1
a
p log
a
x x2 a2
p!
x2 a2
x
p!
Z p
p
a x2 a2
x2 a2
dx x2 a2 a log
x
x
Z p
p
x2 a2
x
dx x2 a2 jaj sec1
161.
a
x
Z
p
x dx
p x2 a2
162.
x2 a2
Z p
q
163.
x x2 a2 dx 13 x2 a2 3
164.
q
Z q
p
1
3a2 x p
3a4
x2 a2
logx x2 a2
x2 a2 3 dx x x2 a2 3
4
2
2
Z
165.
Z
166.
x dx
1
q p
2 a2
3
x
x2 a2
q
q
x x2 a2 3 dx 15 x2 a2 5
q
p
p
x
a2 p a4
x2 a2 3 x x2 a2 log x x2 a2
x2 x2 a2 dx
4
8
8
q
p
2 2
a a2 x2 3
x3 x2 a2 dx 15x2 15
q
q
p
1
a2
x2 a2 5
x2 a2 3
x3 x2 a2 dx
5
3
p
x2 dx
x p
a2
p
x2 a2 log x x2 a2
2
2
2
2
x a
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
dx
x
q p
2
2
2
x2 a2 3 a x a
A-30
Z
172.
q
p
x3 dx
1
p
x2 a2 3 a2 x2 a2
2
2
3
x a
p
x2 a2
dx
p
173.
a2 x
x2 x2 a2
p
p
Z
dx
1
a x2 a2
x2 a2
p
174.
log
2a3
2a2 x2
x
x3 x2 a2
Z
Z
175.
dx
p
x3 x2 a2
p
x2 a2
1
x
3 sec1
2a2 x2
2ja j
a
q
q
q
x
a2 x
a4 x p
x2 a2 5
x2 a2 3
x2 a2
x2 x2 a2 3 dx
6
24
16
p
a6
log x x2 a2
16
q
q
q
1
a2
x2 a2 7
x2 a2 5
x3 x2 a2 3 dx
7
5
176.
177.
p
Z p
p
x2 a2 dx
x2 a2
log x x2 a2

178.
x2
x
179.
p
p
Z p
1
a x2 a2
x2 a2
x2 a2
log
dx

2a
x3
2x2
x
180.
p
Z p
x2 a2
x2 a2
1
x
sec1
dx
3
x
2x2
2jaj
a
q
Z p
x2 a2 3
x2 a2
dx
181.
4
x
3a2 x3
Z
p
x2 dx
x
q p log x x2 a2
2
2
3
x a
x2 a2
p
x3 dx
a2
q x2 a2 p
2
x a2
x2 a2 3
182.
183.
Z
184.
Z
185.
Z
186.
Z
187.
Z
188.
Z
189.
dx
1
1
a
q p 3 log
2 x2 a2
a
3
a
2
2
x x a
p
x2 a2
x
dx
1
1
x
q p 3 sec1
2 x2 a2
ja j
a
3
a
2
2
x x a
dx
1
q 4
a
3
x2 x2 a2
"p
#
x2 a2
x
p
x
x2 a2
dx
1
3
3
a
p
p
q
log
2a2 x2 x2 a2 2a4 x2 a2 2a5
x3 x2 a2 3
dx
1
3
3
x
p
p 5 sec1
q
2 x2 x2 a2
4 x2 a2
2ja
a
j
3
2a
2a
x3 x2 a2
p m 1
xm
1
p dx xm1 x2 a2
a2
2
2
m
m
x a
A-31
xm2
p dx
x2 a2
p
x2 a2
x
Z
190.
Z
191.
Z
192.
Z
193.
Z
194.
Z
195.
Z
196.
"
m
X
x2m
2m! p
r!r 1!
p dx
a2 mr 2x2r1
x2 a2
2
2r!
22m m!
x2 a2
r1
#
p
a2 m log x x2 a2
m
p X
x2m1
2r!m!2
p dx x2 a2
4a2 mr x2r
2
x2 a2
r0 2m 1!r!
p
Z
x2 a2
dx
m 2
dx
p
p

m 1a2 xm1 m 1a2 xm2 x2 a2
xm x2 a2
1
X
p m
dx
m 1!m!2r!22m2r1
p x2 a2
2
2 mr x2r1
x2m x2 a2
r0 r! 2m!a
dx
2m!
p
x2m1 x2 a2 m!2
dx
2m!
p
x2m1 x2 a2 m!2
"p
m
r!r 1!
x2 a2 X
1mr1
2 mr x2r
22r!4a
a2
r1
#
p
1m1
x2 a2 a
2m 2m1 log
2 a
x
"p
#
m
x2 a2 X
r!r 1!
1
1 x
sec
mr
a2
22r!4a2 x2r 22m jaj2m1
a
r1
p
x2 a2
dx
p
2
2
ax a
x a x a
p
x2 a2
dx
p
2
2
ax
a
x a x a
Z
Z
p
198.
f x, x2 a2 dx a f a tan u, a sec u sec2 u du,
Z
197.
Z
f x,
199.
Z
p
x2 a2 dx a f a sec u, a tan u sec u tan u du,
FORMS CONTAINING
200.
p
a2 x2
Z p
1 p
x
a2 x2 dx x a2 x2 a2 sin1
2
jaj
Z
201.
Z
202.
8
1 x
>
>
> sin jaj
<
dx
p
or
a2 x2 >
>
> cos1 x
:
jaj
dx
1
a
p log
a
x a2 x2
p!
a2 x2
x
p!
Z p
p
a2 x2
a a2 x2
2
2
dx a x a log
203.
x
x
Z
p
x dx
p a2 x2
a2 x2
Z p
q
205.
x a2 x2 dx 13 a2 x2 3
204.
A-32

x
u tan1 , a > 0
a

x
u sec1 , a > 0
a
Z q
1
3a2 x p
3a4 1 x
a2 x2
sin
206.
a2 x2 3 dx x a2 x2 3
4
2
jaj
2
Z
dx
x
q p
207.
2
2
2
a2 x2 3 a a x
Z
208.
Z
209.
x dx
1
q p
2 x2
3
a
2
2
a x
q
q
x a2 x2 3 dx 15 a2 x2 5

q
p
x
a2 p
x
a2 x2 3
x a2 x2 a2 sin1
x2 a2 x2 dx
4
jaj
8
Z p
q
2 2
211.
x3 a2 x2 dx 15x2 15
a a2 x2 3
Z
210.
q
q
q
1
a2 x
a4 x p
a6
x
a2 x2 3
a2 x2 sin1
x2 a2 x2 3 dx x a2 x2 5
6
24
16
jaj
16
q
q
q
1
a2
a2 x2 7
a2 x2 5
x3 a2 x2 3 dx
7
5
x2 dx
x p
a2
x
p
a2 x2 sin1
2
jaj
2
a2 x2
p
a2 x2
dx
p
a2 x
x2 a2 x2
p
p
a2 x2
a2 x2
x
sin1
dx
x2
x
jaj
p
p
p
a2 x2
a2 x2
1
a a2 x2
log
dx
x3
2x2
x
2a
q
p
a2 x2 3
a2 x2
dx
4
3a2 x3
x
212.
213.
214.
Z
215.
Z
216.
Z
217.
Z
218.
Z
219.
x2 dx
x
x
q p sin1
2 x2
jaj
3
a
2
2
a x
x3 dx
2
1 p
p a2 x2 3=2 x2 a2 x2 1=2
a2 x2 x2 2a2
2
2
3
3
a x
p
x3 dx
x2
a2
q 2a2 x2 1=2
p a2 x2
1=2
2
2
2
2
a x
a x
a2 x2 3
220.
221.
p
p
a2 x2
dx
1
a a2 x2
p

log
2a2 x2
x
2a3
x3 a2 x2
p
Z
dx
1
1
a a2 x2
q p 3 log
223.
2 a2 x2
x
a
3
a
2
2
x a x
Z
222.
Z
224.
Z
225.
" p
#
a2 x2
dx
1
x
q 4
p
x
a
a2 x2
x2 a2 x2 3
dx
1
3
3
a
p
p 5 log
q
2 x2 a2 x2
4 a2 x2
2a
3
2a
2a
3
2
2
x a x
A-33
p
a2 x2
x
p
Z
Z
xm
xm1 a2 x2 m 1a2
xm2
p dx
p dx
226.
m
m
a2 x2
a2 x2
Z
227.
Z
228.
Z
229.
"
#
m
p X
x2m
2m!
r!r 1! 2m2r 2r1 a2m 1 x
2
2
p dx
a
a x
x
2m sin
22m2r1 2r!
jaj
2
m!2
a2 x2
r1
m
p X
x2m1
2r!m!2
p dx a2 x2
4a2 mr x2r
2
2
2
a x
r0 2m 1!r!
p
Z
a2 x2
dx
m2
dx
p
p
2
m1
2
m
2
2
m 1a x
m 1a
x a x
xm2 a2 x2
Z
230.
x2m
Z
" p
p#
m
a2 x2 X
dx
2m!
r!r 1!
1
a a2 x2
p
log
22r!4a2 mr x2r 22m a2m1
a2
x
x2m1 a2 x2 m!2
r1
p
p
dx
1
b a2 x2 x a2 b2 2
p p log
,
b2 x2
b2 x2 a2 x2 2b a2 b2
p
dx
1
x b2 a2
p p tan1 p ,
b a2 x2
b2 x2 a2 x2 b b2 a2
p
dx
1
x a2 b2
p p tan1 p
b2 x2 a2 x2 b a2 b2
b a2 x2
231.
232.
233.
234.
235.
1
X
p m
ax
m 1!m!2r!22m2r1
p a2 x2
2
2m2r x2r1
2
2
a x
r0 r! 2m!a
b2 > a2
p
p
Z p
a2 x2
x
a2 b2 1 x a2 b2
p sin1
sin
dx
2
2
b x
jaj
jbj
jaj x2 b2
Z
f x,
236.
Z
p
a2 x2 dx a f a sin u, a cos u cos u du,
FORMS CONTAINING

x
u sin1 , a > 0
a
p
a bx cx2
X a bx cx2 , q 4ac b2 , and k

p p
b
X cx
2c
8 1
p
>
p log2 cX 2cx b
>
>
>
>
< c
If q 0, then
Z
237.
Z
238.
Z
239.
a2 > b2
dx
or
p
X >
>
>
1
2cx b
>
>
: p sinh1 p ,
q
c
dx
1
2cx b
p p sin1 p ,
q
c
X
c > 0
c < 0
dx
22cx b
p
p
X X
q X
A-34
4c
q
Z
240.

dx
22cx b 1
p
p
2k
X
X2 X
3q X
8
p
Z
22cx b X 2kn 1
dx
>
>
>
p
>
n
>
2n 1
2n 1qX
>
X n1 X
Z
<
dx
or
p
241.
Xn X >
>
n1
>
2r!
> 2cx bn!n 1!4n kn1 X
>
>
p
:
r
2
q2n! X
r0 4kX r!
242.
p
Z p
Z
2cx b X
1
dx
p
X dx
4c
2k
X
Z
p

Z
p
2cx b X
3
3
dx
2 p
X
X X dx
2k
8k
8c
X
p

Z
p
2cx b X
5X
15
5
dx
p
2
X X dx
X2
3
4k 8k
16k
12c
X
243.
244.
p
8
Z
p
2cx bX n X
2n 1
>
>
X n1 X dx
>
>
>
2n 1k
4n 1c
>
>
Z

"
#
>
p n
Z
>
>
>
2n 2!
k2cx b X X
r!r 1!4kXr
dx
>
>
p
:
2r 2!
c
n 1!2 4kn1
X
r0
Z
246.
Z
247.
x dx
2bx 2a
p
p
X X
q X
p
Z
X
x dx
b
dx
p
p

n
n
2n 1cX
2c X n X
X X

Z
x2 dx
x
3b p 3b2 4ac
dx
p
p
2
X
2
2c 4c
8c
X
X
248.
249.
Z
250.
Z
251.
x2 dx 2b2 4acx 2ab 1

p
p
c
X X
cq X
dx
p
X
x2 dx
2b2 4acx 2ab 4ac 2n 3b2
p
p
n
2n 1cq
X X 2n 1cq X n1 X
dx
p
X n1 X
2

Z
x3 dx
x
5bx 5b2 2a p
3ab 5b3
dx
p
p
X

4c2 16c3
3c 12c2 8c3 3c2
X
X
p 2n 1b
xn dx
1
p xn1 X
nc
2nc
X
p
Z
p
X X b2cx b p
b
dx
p

X

x X dx
3c
8c2
4ck
X
p
Z p
p
X2 X
b
X X dx

xX X dx
2c
5c
252.
253.
254.
255.
p
Z
X
x dx
b
dx
p
p

2c
c
X
X
xn1 dx n 1a
p
nc
X
A-35
xn2 dx
p
X
p
Z
Z
p
p
X n1 X
b

X n X dx
256.
xX n X dx
2n 3c 2c
Z

p
Z
p
5b X X 5b2 4ac p
X dx
x2 X dx x
2
6c
16c
4c
p
dx
1
2 aX bx 2a
p p log
,
a
x
x X
257.
258.
Z
259.
Z
260.
Z
261.

dx
1
bx 2a
p p sin1
p ,
jxj q
a
x X
p
dx
2 X
p
,
bx
x X
a > 0
a < 0
a 0
p
Z
X
dx
b
dx
p
p

2
2a x X
ax
x X
262.
Z
Z
Z p
X dx p b
dx
dx
p a
p
X
x
2
X
x X
263.
p
Z
Z
Z p
X dx
X b
dx
dx
p
c
x2
x
2 x X
X
FORMS INVOLVING
264.
p
2ax x2
Z p
p
1
xa
2ax x2 dx x a 2ax x2 a2 sin1
2
jaj
8
ax
>
cos1
>
>
>
jaj
>
Z
<
dx
p
or
265.
2ax x2 >
>
>
>
1 x a
>
: sin
jaj
8
Z
p
xn1 2ax x2 3=2 2n 1a
>
>
>
xn1 2ax x2 dx

>
>
n
2
n
2
>
>
>
>
>
>
or
>
Z p
<
"
#
n
2
n
266.
x 2ax x dx
X
p xn1
2n 1!r!2 anr1 r
>
2
>
x
>
> 2ax x n 2
2nr 2r 1!n 2!n!
>
>
r0
>
>
>
>
2n 1!an2 1 x a
>
>
: n
sin
jaj
2 n!n 2!
267.
Z p2
Z p2
2ax x
2ax x
2ax x2 3=2
n3
dx
dx
xn
xn1
2n 3a
3 2naxn
8
p
Z
xn1 2ax x2 a2n 1
xn1
>
>
>
p dx
>
>
n
n
>
2ax x2
>
Z
<
xn dx
or
p
268.
2ax x2 >
>
> p X
n
>
2n!r!r 1!anr r1 2n!an 1 x a
>
>
2
>
x
sin
: 2ax x
jaj
2nr 2r!n!2
2n n!2
r1
A-36
8 p
Z
>
n1
dx
2ax x2
>
>
p
>
n
>
2n 1a xn1 2ax x2
a1 2nx
>
>
>
Z
<
dx
or
p
269.
n
2
>
x 2ax x
>
>
n1 nr
> p X
>
2 n 1!n!2r!
>
2
>
>
: 2ax x
2 nr r1
x
r0 2n!r! a
Z
270.
Z
271.
dx
xa
p
2ax x2 3=2 a2 2ax x2
x dx
x
p
2ax x2 3=2 a 2ax x2
MISCELLANEOUS ALGEBRAIC FORMS
Z
272.
p
dx
p logx a 2ax x2
2ax x2
273.
Z p
p p
x p
c
ax2 c p log x a ax2 c,
ax2 c dx
2
2 a
274.
r
Z p
x p
c
a
ax2 c p sin1 x ,
ax2 c dx
2
2 a
c
275.
Z r
p
1x
dx sin1 x 1 x2
1x
p
p
8
1
axn c c
>
>
p
p
log
p
>
>
n c
>
axn c c
>
Z
<
dx
p
276.
or
x axn c >
>
p
p
>
>
>
axn c c
2
>
: p log
p
,
n c
xn
Z
277.
Z
278.
Z
279.
dx
2
p p sec1
x axn c n c
r
axn
,

c
a < 0
c > 0
c < 0
p p
dx
1
p p logx a ax2 c,
a
ax2 c
r
dx
1
a
p p sin1 x ,
c
a
ax2 c
a > 0
a > 0
a < 0
8
Z
1
xax2 cm1=2 2m 1c
>
>
ax2 cm 2 dx
>
>
>
2m 1
2m 1
>
>
>
>
>
>
or
>
>
Z
<
m
p X
280.
ax2 cm1=2 dx
2m 1!r!2 cmr
2
>
ax2 cr
>
> x ax c
2m2r1 m!m 1!2r 1!
>
2
>
r0
>
>
>
>
>
m1 Z
>
>
dx
> 2m 1!c
:
p
2m1
2
m!m 1!
ax2 c
Z
281.
xax2 cm2 dx
ax2 cm 2
2m 3a
A-37
8
Z
>
ax2 cm1=2
ax2 cm1=2
>
>
c
dx
>
>
2m 1
x
>
>
Z
<
ax2 cm1=2
or
dx
282.
>
x
>
Z
>
m mr
> p X
c ax2 cr
dx
>
>
p
>
cm1
: ax2 c
2r 1
x ax2 c
r0
Z
283.
dx
ax2 cm1=2
Z
8
x
2m 2
dx
>
>
>
>
2 cm1=2
2 cm1=2
2m

1c
>
2m

1cax
ax
>
<
or
>
>
m1
X 22m2r1 m 1!m!2r!
>
x
>
>
>
: p
2
ax c r0 2m!r!2 cmr ax2 cr
p
Z
dx
m 2a
dx
ax2 c
p
p

m 1cxm1 m 1c xm2 ax2 c
xm ax2 c
p p
Z
1 x2
1
x 2 1 x4
p dx p log
285.
1 x2
2
1 x2 1 x4
Z
284.
p
1 x2
1
x 2
p dx p tan1 p
2
1 x2 1 x4
1 x4
p
Z
dx
2
a xn a2
p log
p
287.
na
xn
x xn a2
Z
dx
2
a
p sin1 pn
288.
na
x
x xn a2
Z r
x3=2
x
2
289.
dx sin1
a3 x3
3
a
Z
286.
FORMS INVOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Z
290.
Z
291.
Z
292.
Z
293.
Z
294.
Z
295.
Z
296.
Z
297.
Z
298.
Z
299.
1
sin ax dx cos ax
a
1
cos ax dx sin ax
a
1
1
tan ax dx log cos ax log sec ax
a
a
1
1
cot ax dx log sin ax log csc ax
a
a
p ax
1
1
sec ax dx logsec ax tan ax log tan
a
a
4
2
1
1
ax
csc ax dx logcsc ax cot ax log tan
a
a
2
sin2 ax dx
1
1
1
1
cos ax sin ax x x sin 2ax
2a
2
2
4a
sin3 ax dx
1
cos axsin2 ax 2
3a
sin4 ax dx
3x sin 2ax sin 4ax

8
4a
32a
sinn ax dx
sinn1 ax cos ax n 1
na
n
A-38
sinn2 ax dx
Z
300.
Z
301.
Z
302.
Z
303.
Z
304.
Z
305.
Z
306.
Z
307.
Z
308.
Z
309.
Z
310.
sin2m ax dx
sin2m1 ax dx
m
cos ax X
22m2r m!2 2r! 2r
sin ax
a r0 2m 1!r!2
cos2 ax dx
1
1
1
1
sin ax cos ax x x sin 2ax
2a
2
2
4a
cos3 ax dx
1
sin axcos2 ax 2
3a
cos4 ax dx
3x sin 2ax sin 4ax
8
4a
32a
cosn ax dx
1
n1
cosn1 ax sin ax
na
n
cos2m ax dx
dx
sin2 ax
dx
sinm ax
sin
1
cos ax
m2

m 1a sinm1 ax m 1
dx
sinm2 ax
m
1 2m2r1
X
1
2
m 1!m!2r!
csc2m ax dx cos ax
a
2m!r!2 sin2r1 ax
r0
ax
m
sin ax X
22m2r m!2 2r!
cos2r ax
a r0 2m 1!r!2
cscm ax dx
dx
2m1
cosn2 ax dx
1
csc2 ax dx cot ax
a
dx
sin2m ax
1
X
sin ax m
2m!r!2
2m!
cos2r1 ax
x
a r0 22m2r 2r 1!m!2
22m m!2
cos2m1 ax dx
Z
311.
1
X
cos ax m
2m!r!2
2m!
sin2r1 ax
x
a r0 22m2r 2r 1!m!2
22m m!2
csc2m1 ax dx
m
1
X
1
2m!r!2
1 2m!
ax

cos ax
log tan
2m2r m!2 2r 1! sin2r2 ax
2m m!2
a
a
2
2
2
r0
Z
312.
Z
313.
Z
314.
Z
315.
dx
cos2 ax
dx
cosn ax
Z
Z
dx
cos2m ax
secn ax dx
Z
ax
1
sin ax
n2

n 1a cosn1 ax n 1
dx
cosn2 ax
m
1 2m2r1
X
1
2
m 1!m!2r!
sec2m ax dx sin ax
a
2m!r!2 cos2r1 ax
r0
dx
cos2m1
1
sec2 ax dx tan ax
a
sec2m1 ax dx
m
1
X
1
2m!r!2
1 2m!

logsec ax tan ax
sin ax
2
2m2r m! 2r 1! cos2r2 ax
a
a 22m m!2
2
r0
Z
sin mx sin nx dx
316.
sinm nx sinm nx

,
2m n
2m n
Z
cos mx cos nx dx
317.
Z
318.
sin ax cos ax dx
sinm nx sinm nx
,
2m n
2m n
1
sin2 ax
2a
A-39
m2 6 n2
m2 6 n2
Z
sin mx cos nx dx
319.
Z
320.
Z
321.
Z
322.
cosm nx cosm nx

,
2m n
2m n
sin2 ax cos2 ax dx
sin ax cosm ax dx
sinm ax cos ax dx
m2 6 n2
1
x
sin 4ax
32a
8
cosm1 ax
m 1a
sinm1 ax
m 1a
8
Z
cosm1 ax sinn1 ax m 1
>
>
>
cosm2 ax sinn ax dx
>
>
m na
mn
>
>
Z
<
323.
cosm ax sinn ax dx
or
>
>
>
Z
>
n1
>
sin ax cosm1 ax n 1
>
>
:
cosm ax sinn2 ax dx
m na
mn
Z
8
cosm1 ax
m n 2 cosm ax
>
>

dx
>
n1
>
n1
>
n 1a sin ax
sinn2 ax
>
>
Z
<
cosm ax
324.
dx
or
>
sinn ax
>
>
Z
>
>
>
cosm1 ax
m 1 cosm2 ax
>
:
dx
n1
sinn ax
am n sin ax m n
8
Z
sinm1 ax
mn2
sinm ax
>
>

dx
>
>
n1
>
an 1 cos ax
n1
cosn2 ax
>
>
Z
<
sinm ax
325.
dx
or
>
cosn ax
>
>
Z
>
>
>
sinm1 ax
m 1 sinm2 ax
>
:
dx
n1
am n cos ax m n
cosn ax
Z
326.
Z
327.
Z
328.
Z
329.
Z
330.
Z
331.
Z
332.
p ax
sin2 ax
1
1
dx sin ax log tan
cos ax
a
a
4
2
cos ax
1
csc ax

dx
a sin ax
a
sin2 ax
dx
1
log tan ax
sin ax cos ax a
dx
1
ax
sec ax log tan
2
sin ax cos ax a
2
dx
1
sin ax cosn ax an 1 cosn1 ax
dx
sin ax cosn2 ax
p ax
dx
1
1
csc ax log tan
a
a
4
2
sin ax cos ax
2
Z
333.
sin ax
1
sec ax
dx
cos2 ax
a cos ax
a
dx
2
cot 2ax
a
sin2 ax cos2 ax
A-40
8
1
>
>

>
>
>
am 1 sinm1 ax cosn1 ax
>
>
Z
>
>
mn2
dx
>
Z
<
dx
m2
m

1
334.
sin
ax
cosn ax
sinm ax cosn ax >
>
>
or
>
>
Z
>
>
>
1
mn2
dx
>
>

:
n1
sinm ax cosn2 ax
an 1 sinm1 ax cosn1 ax
Z
335.
Z
336.
Z
337.
Z
338.
Z
339.
1
sina bx dx cosa bx
b
1
cosa bx dx sina bx
b
p ax
dx
1
tan
1 sin ax
a
4
2
dx
1
ax
tan
1 cos ax a
2
dx
1
ax
cot
1 cos ax
a
2
8
x
>
a tan b
>
>
2
1
>
2
>
p
p
tan
>
>
>
a2 b2
a2 b2
>
>
>
Z
<
dx
or
*340.
a b sin x >
>
p
>
x
>
>
a tan b b2 a2
>
1
>
2
>
>
p
p
>
x
> b2 a2 log
:
a tan b b2 a2
2
8
p
x
>
a2 b2 tan
>
2
>
1
2
>
p
>
tan
>
>
ab
a2 b2
>
>
>
>
Z
<
dx
or
*341.
a b cos x >
0p
1
>
>
x
>
2 a2 tan a b
>
b
>
1
>
C
2
>
>
p logB
@p
A
>
x
>
: b2 a2
b2 a2 tan a b
2
Z
*342.
dx
a b sin x c cos x
8
p
x
>
b b2 c2 a2 a c tan
>
>
1
>
2
>
p
if a2 < b2 c2 , a 6 c
log
>
p
x,
>
2 c2 a2
>
2 c2 a2 a c tan
b
>
b
b
>
>
2
>
>
>
>
or
>
>
>
>
<
x
b a c tan
2
1
>
>
p tan
p2 ,
if a2 > b2 c2
>
>
>
a2 b2 c2
a2 b2 c2
>
>
>
>
>
>
or
>
>
>

>
>
>
1 a b c cos x b c sin x
>
>
,
if a2 b2 c2 , a 6 c:
:
a a b c cos x b c sin x
*See note 6 on page A-19.
A-41
r
r

Z
sin2 x dx
1 ab
a
x
tan1
tan x ,
*343.
2
a b cos x b
a
ab
b
Z
*344.
a2
Z
*345.
Z
346.
Z
347.
Z
348.
cos2
ab > 0, or jaj > jbj

dx
1
b tan x
tan1
2
2
a
x b sin x ab
cos2 cx
dx
2
a b2 sin2 cx
p
p
a2 b2
a2 b2 tan cx x
1
tan
2
2
b
ab c
a
sin cx cos cx
1
loga cos2 cx b sin2 cx
dx
2cb a
a cos2 cx b sin2 cx
cos cx
dx
a cos cx b sin cx
dx
a b tan cx
1
acx b loga cos cx b sin cx
ca2 b2
sin cx
dx
a sin cx b cos cx
dx
1
acx b log a sin cx b cos cx

a b cot cx ca2 b2
p
8
1
c tan x b b2 ac
>
>
>
p
p ,
log
b2 > ac
>
>
>
2 b2 ac
c tan x b b2 ac
>
>
>
>
>
or
>
>
>
Z
<
dx
1
xb
p tan1 cptan
*349.
,
b2 < ac
2
a cos2 x 2b cos x sin x c sin2 x >
>
ac

b
ac
b2
>
>
>
>
>
or
>
>
>
>
>
>
1
>
:
,
b2 ac
c tan x b
Z
p ax
sin ax
1
dx x tan
1 sin ax
a
4
2
p ax 1
dx
1
ax
tan
log tan
sin ax 1 sin ax a
4
2
a
2
p ax 1
p ax
dx
1
tan3
tan
2
2a
4
2
6a
4
2
1 sin ax
p ax 1
p ax
dx
1
cot3
cot
2
2a
4
2
6a
4
2
1 sin ax
p ax 1
p ax
sin ax
1
tan3
dx tan
2
2a
4
2
6a
4
2
1 sin ax
p ax 1
p ax
sin ax
1
cot3
dx cot
2a
4
2
6a
4
2
1 sin ax2
350.
351.
352.
353.
354.
355.
Z
356.
Z
357.
Z
358.
sin x dx
x a

a b sin x b b
dx
a b sin x
dx
1
x b
log tan
sin x a b sin x a
2 a
dx
a b sin x
dx
b cos x
a
a b sin x2 a2 b2 a b sin x a2 b2
A-42
dx
a b sin x
Z
sin x dx
a cos x
h
dx
a b sin x2 b2 a2 a b sin x b2 a2 a b sin x

p
Z
dx
1
a2 b2 tan cx
p tan1
*360.
2
a
a2 b2 sin cx ac a2 b2
8
p
a2 b2 tan cx
1
>
>
>
p tan1
,
a2 > b2
>
>
2
2
Z
a
<
ac
a

b
dx
*361.
or
p
a2 b2 sin2 cx >
>
>
b2 a2 tan cx a
1
>
>
p log p
,
a2 < b2
:
2
2
b2 a2 tan cx a
2ac b a
Z
cos ax
1
ax
362.
dx x tan
1 cos ax
a
2
Z
cos ax
1
ax
dx x cot
363.
1 cos ax
a
2
Z
p ax 1
dx
1
ax
log tan
tan
364.
cos ax1 cos ax a
4
2
a
2
Z
p ax 1
dx
1
ax
log tan
cot
365.
cos ax1 cos ax a
4
2
a
2
Z
dx
1
ax 1
ax
366.
tan tan3
2 6a
2
1 cos ax2 2a
359.
Z
367.
Z
368.
dx
1
ax 1
ax
cot cot3
2a
2 6a
2
1 cos ax2
cos ax
1
ax 1
ax
dx tan tan3
2a
2 6a
2
1 cos ax2
cos ax
1
ax 1
ax
dx cot cot3
2a
2 6a
2
1 cos ax2
Z
Z
cos x dx
x a
dx

370.
a b cos x b b a b cos x
Z
x p b Z
dx
1
dx
log tan

371.
cos xa b cos x a
2 4
a a b cos x
Z
Z
dx
b sin x
a
dx
372.
a b cos x2 b2 a2 a b cos x b2 a2 a b cos x

369.
Z
cos x
a sin x
b
dx

dx
a2 b2 a b cos x a2 b2 a b cos x
a b cos x2

Z
dx
2
cx
1 a b
tan
tan
*374.
a2 b2 2ab cos cx ca2 b2
ab
2
Z
dx
1
a tan cx
p tan1 p
*375.
a2 b2 cos2 cx ac a2 b2
a2 b2
8
1
a tan cx
>
>
p tan1 p ,
a2 > b2
>
>
>
Z
ac a2 b2
a2 b2
<
dx
*376.
or
p
>
a2 b2 cos2 cx >
1
a tan cx b2 a2
>
>
p ,
p
log
b2 > a2
>
:
a tan cx b2 a2
2ac b2 a2
Z
373.
Z
377.
sin ax
1
dx log1 cos ax
1 cos ax
a
A-43
Z
378.
Z
379.
Z
380.
Z
381.
Z
382.
Z
383.
Z
384.
cos ax
1
dx log 1 sin ax
1 sin ax
a
dx
1
1
ax

log tan
sin ax1 cos ax
2a1 cos ax
2a
2
p
dx
1
1
ax

log tan
cos ax1 sin ax
2a1 sin ax
2a
4
2
sin ax
1
dx logsec ax 1
cos ax1 cos ax
a
cos ax
1
dx logcsc ax 1
sin ax1 sin ax
a
p
sin ax
1
1
ax
dx
log tan
cos ax1 sin ax
2a1 sin ax 2a
4
2
cos ax
1
1
ax
dx
log tan
sin ax1 cos ax
2a1 cos ax 2a
2
ax p
dx
1
p log tan

sin ax cos ax
2
8
a 2

dx
1
p
tan ax
2
2a
4
sin ax cos ax
dx
1
ax
log 1 tan
1 cos ax sin ax
a
2
385.
386.
387.
Z
388.
dx
1
b tan cx a
log
2abc
b tan cx a
a2 cos2 cx b2 sin2 cx
1
x
sin ax cos ax
a2
a
xsin ax dx
389.
Z
390.
Z
391.
x2 sin ax dx
2x
a2 x2 2
sin ax
cos ax
2
a
a3
x3 sin ax dx
3a2 x2 6
a2 x3 6x
sin ax
cos ax
4
a
a3
Z
8
1
m
>
>
xm 1 cos ax dx
xm cos ax
>
>
a
a
>
>
>
>
>
or
>
>
Z
<
X
m=2
m!
xm2r
392.
xm sin ax dx
2r1
cos ax
1r1
>
>
>
m

2r!
a
>
r0
>
>
>
m1=2
>
X
m!
xm2r1
>
>
> sin ax
2r2
1r
:
m

2r

1!
a
r0
% &
%&
Note: [s] means greatest integer s; 312 3, 12 0, etc.
xcos ax dx
393.
Z
394.
Z
395.
1
x
cos ax sin ax
a2
a
x2 cos ax dx
2x cos ax a2 x2 2
sin ax
a2
a3
x3 cos ax dx
3a2 x2 6
a2 x3 6x
cos ax
sin ax
4
a
a3
A-44
Z
8 m
x sin ax m
>
>

xm1 sin ax dx
>
>
a
a
>
>
>
>
>
or
>
>
Z
<
X
m=2
m
m!
xm2r
396.
x cos ax dx
2r1
1r
>
> sin ax
>
m

2r!
a
>
r0
>
>
>
m1=2

>
X
>
m!
xm2r1
>
>
2r2
cos ax
1r
:
m

2r

1!
a
r0
See note integral 392.
Z
r
X
sin ax
ax2n1
397.
dx
1n
x
2n 12n 1!
n0
Z
398.
Z
r
X
cos ax
ax2n
dx log x
1n
x
2n2n!
n1
x2 x sin 2ax cos 2ax

4a
8a2
4
2

Z
x3
x
1
x cos 2ax
3 sin 2ax
400.
x2 sin2 ax dx
4a2
6
4a 8a
Z
x cos 3ax sin 3ax 3x cos ax 3 sin ax
401.
xsin3 ax dx

12a
36a2
4a
4a2
Z
x2 x sin 2ax cos 2ax
402.
xcos2 ax dx
4a
8a2
4
2

Z
x3
x
1
x cos 2ax
3 sin 2ax
403.
x2 cos2 ax dx
4a2
6
4a 8a
Z
x sin 3ax cos 3ax 3x sin ax 3 cos ax
404.
xcos3 ax dx
12a
36a2
4a
4a2
Z
Z
sin ax
sin ax
a
cos ax
405.
dx
dx
xm
m 1xm1 m 1 xm1
Z
Z
cos ax
cos ax
a
sin ax
406.
dx

dx
m
m1
x
m 1x
m 1 xm1
Z
x
x cos ax
1
dx
log1 sin ax
407.
1 sin ax
a1 sin ax a2
Z
x
x
ax 2
ax
dx tan 2 log cos
408.
1 cos ax
a
2 a
2
Z
x
x
ax 2
ax
dx cot 2 log sin
409.
1 cos ax
a
2 a
2
Z
x sin x
x
dx x tan
410.
1 cos x
2
Z
x sin x
x
dx x cot
411.
1 cos x
2
p
Z p
ax
2 sin ax
2 2
412.
1 cos ax dx p
cos
2
a
a 1 cos ax
p
Z
p
2 sin ax
2 2
ax
413.
1 cos ax dx p
sin
2
a
a 1 cos ax
Z p
x

x
414.
1 sin x dx 2 sin cos ,
2
2
p
p
use if 8k 1 < x 8k 3 , otherwise ; k an integer]
2
2
399.
xsin2 ax dx
A-45
Z p
x
x
415.
1 sin x dx 2 sin cos ,
2
2
h
i
p
p
use if 8k 3 < x 8k 1 , otherwise ; k an integer
2
2
Z
p
dx
x
p 2 log tan ,
416.
4
1 cos x
use if 4kp < x < 4k2p, otherwise ; k an integer]
Z
417.
x p
p
dx
p 2 log tan
,
4
1 cos x
use if 4k 1p < x < 4k 1p, otherwise ; k an integer]
Z
x p
p
dx
p 2 log tan ,
4 8
1 sin x
p
p
use if 8k 1 < x < 8k 5 , otherwise ; k an integer]
2
2
Z

p
dx
x p
p 2 log tan ,
419.
4 8
1 sin x
p
p
use if 8k 1 < x < 8k 3 , otherwise ; k an integer]
2
2
Z
1
420.
tan2 ax dx tan ax x
a
418.
Z
421.
Z
422.
Z
423.
Z
424.
Z
425.
Z
426.
Z
427.
Z
428.
Z
429.
Z
430.
Z
431.
tan3 ax dx
1
1
tan2 ax log cos ax
2a
a
tan4 ax dx
tan3 ax 1
tan x x
3a
a
tann ax dx
tann1 ax

an 1
tann2 ax dx
1
cot2 ax dx cot ax x
a
cot3 ax dx
1
1
cot2 ax log sin ax
2a
a
cot4 ax dx
1
1
cot3 ax cot ax x
3a
a
cotn ax dx
cotn1 ax

an 1
x
dx
sin2 ax
x
dx
sinn ax
x
dx
cos2 ax
x
dx
cosn ax
Z
Z
cotn2 ax dx
xcsc2 ax dx
x cot ax 1
2 log sin ax
a
a
x cos ax
1

an 1sinn1 ax a2 n 1n 2sinn2 ax
Z
n 2
x
dx
n 1 sinn2 ax
xcscn ax dx
1
1
xsec2 ax dx x tan ax 2 log cos ax
a
a
xsecn ax dx
x sin ax
1

an 1 cosn1 ax a2 n 1n 2 cosn2 ax
Z
n2
x
dx
n 1 cosn2 ax
A-46
Z
432.
sin ax
1
b cos ax
p dx sin1 p
ab
1 b2
1 b2 sin2 ax
p
sin ax
1
p dx logb cos ax 1 b2 sin2 ax
2
ab
1 b2 sin ax
1 b2
p
cos ax p
b cos ax
1 b2 sin2 ax
sin1 p
sin ax 1 b2 sin2 ax dx
2a
2ab
1 b2
p
cos ax p
1 b2 sin2 ax
sin ax 1 b2 sin2 ax dx
2a
p
1 b2
logb cos ax 1 b2 sin2 ax

2ab
p
cos ax
1
p dx logb sin ax 1 b2 sin2 ax
ab
1 b2 sin2 ax
433.
434.
435.
436.
Z
437.
cos ax
1
p dx sin1 b sin ax
2
ab
2
1 b sin ax
sin ax p
cos ax 1 b2 sin2 ax dx
1 b2 sin2 ax
2a
p
1
logb sin ax 1 b2 sin2 ax
2ab
p
sin ax p
1
1 b2 sin2 ax
sin1 b sin ax
cos ax 1 b2 sin2 ax dx
2a
2ab
438.
439.
!
r
dx
1
ab
p p sin1
sin cx ,
a > jbj
a
a b tan2 cx c a b
p
p
use if 2k 1 < x 2k 1 , otherwise ; k an integer
2
2
Z
440.
FORMS INVOLVING INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Z
441.
Z
442.
Z
443.
Z
444.
p
1 a2 x2
a
cos1 ax dx x cos1 ax
p
1 a2 x2
a
tan1 ax dx x tan1 ax
1
log 1 a2 x2
2a
cot1 ax dx x cot1 ax
1
log 1 a2 x2
2a
p
1
sec1 ax dx x sec1 ax log ax a2 x2 1
a
p
1
csc1 ax dx x csc1 ax log ax a2 x2 1
a
445.
446.
sin1 ax dx x sin1 ax
447.
Z
x
x p
sin1 dx x sin1 a2 x2 ,
a
a
448.
Z
x
x p
cos1 dx x cos1 a2 x2 ,
a
a
A-47
a > 0
a > 0
Z
x
x a
449.
tan1 dx x tan1 log a2 x2
a
a 2
450.
Z
x
x a
cot1 dx x cot1 loga2 x2
a
a 2
Z
451.
Z
452.
Z
453.
Z
454.
Z
455.
Z
456.
Z
457.
Z
458.
Z
459.
Z
460.
Z
461.
Z
462.
Z
463.
Z
464.
x sin1 ax dx
p
1
2a2 x2 1 sin1 ax ax 1 a2 x2
4a2
x cos1 ax dx
p
1
2a2 x2 1 cos1 ax ax 1 a2 x2
4a2
xn sin1 ax dx
xn1
a
sin1 ax
n1
n1
xn cos1 ax dx
xn1
a
cos1 ax
n1
n1
xtan1 ax dx
xn1 dx
p,
1 a2 x2
xn1 dx
p,
1 a2 x2
n 6 1
n 6 1
1 a2 x2
x
tan1 ax
2a
2a2
xn tan1 ax dx
xcot1 ax dx
xn1
a
tan1 ax
n1
n1
xn1
dx
1 a2 x2
1 a2 x2
x
cot1 ax
2a
2a2
xn cot1 ax dx
xn1
a
cot1 ax
n1
n1
sin1 ax
1
dx a log
x2
xn1
dx
1 a2 x2
p!
1 a2 x2
sin1 ax

x
x
cos1 ax dx
1
1
cos1 ax a log
x2
x
p
1 a2 x2
x
tan1 ax dx
1
a
1 a2 x2
tan1 ax log
2
x
x
2
x2
cot1 ax
1
a
x2
dx cot1 ax log 2 2
x2
x
2
a x 1
sin1 ax2 dx xsin1 ax2 2x
p
2 1 a2 x2
sin1 ax
a
cos1 ax2 dx xcos1 ax2 2x
p
2 1 a2 x2
cos1 ax
a
8
p
Z
>
n 1 a2 x2
>
1
n
1
n1
>
sin
xsin
ax
ax
100

nn

1
sin1 axn2 dx
>
>
>
a
>
>
>
>
or
>
>
Z
<
n=2
1
n
X
n!
465.
sin ax dx
>
xsin1 axn2r
1r
>
>
n 2r!
>
r0
>
>
p
>
n1=2
>
X
>
1 a2 x2
>
r n!
>
sin1 axn2r1
1
>
:
n 2r 1!a
r0
Note: [s] means greatest integer s. Thus [3.5] means 3; 5 5, 12 0.
A-48
8
p
Z
>
n 1 a2 x2
>
n
1
>
cos1 axn1 120 nn 1 cos1 axn2 dx
> xcos ax
>
>
a
>
>
>
>
or
>
>
Z
<
n=2
466.
cos1 axn dx X
n!
>
xcos1 axn2r
1r
>
>
n

2r!
>
> r0
>
p
>
n1=2
>
X
>
n! 1 a2 x2
>
>
cos1 axn2r1
1r
>
:
n 2r 1!a
r0
Z
467.
Z
468.
Z
469.
Z
470.
Z
471.
Z
472.
Z
473.
Z
474.
Z
475.
Z
476.
Z
477.
Z
478.
1
1
p sin1 ax dx sin1 ax2
2a
1 a 2 x2
xn
xn1 p
xn
p sin1 ax dx 2 1 a2 x2 sin1 ax 2
na
n a
1 a2 x2
Z
n1
xn2
p sin1 ax dx
2
na
1 a2 x2
1
1
p cos1 ax dx cos1 ax2
2a
1 a 2 x2
xn
xn1 p
xn
p cos1 ax dx 2 1 a2 x2 cos1 ax 2
2
2
na
n
a
1a x
Z
n1
xn2
p cos1 ax dx
na2
1 a2 x2
tan1 ax
1
dx tan1 ax2
a2 x2 1
2a
cot1 ax
1
dx cot1 ax2
a2 x2 1
2a
x sec1 ax dx
x2 1
1 p
sec ax 2 a2 x2 1
2a
2
xn sec1 ax dx
xn1
1
sec1 ax
n1
n1
sec1 ax
sec1 ax
dx
x2
x
x csc1 ax dx
xn dx
p
a2 x2 1
p
a2 x2 1
x
x2 1
1 p
csc ax 2 a2 x2 1
2a
2
xn csc1 ax dx
xn1
1
csc1 ax
n1
n1
csc1 ax
csc1 ax

dx
2
x
x
xn dx
p
a2 x2 1
p
a2 x2 1
x
FORMS INVOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTIONS

Z
Z
480.

f

2z
dz
,
2
1 z 1 z2

x
z tan
2

1 z2
dz
,
2
1 z 1 z2

x
z tan
2
Z
f sin x dx 2
479.
Z
f cos x dx 2
A-49
du
f u p , u sin x
1 u2
Z
Z
du
*482.
f cos x dx f u p , u cos x
1 u2
Z
Z
p
du
*483.
f sin x, cos x dx f u, 1 u2 p , u sin x
1 u2

Z
Z

2z
1 z2
dz
x
,
,
z tan
484.
f sin x, cos x dx 2 f
1 z2 1 z2 1 z2
2
*481.
f sin x dx
LOGARITHMIC FORMS
log x dx x log x x
485:
Z
xlog x dx
486:
Z
487:
Z
488:
Z
489:
x2
x2
log x
2
4
x2 log x dx
x3
x3
log x
3
9
xn log ax dx
xn1
xn1
log ax
n1
n 12
log x2 dx xlog x2 2x log x 2x
Z
8
>
xlog xn n log xn1 dx,
>
>
>
>
Z
<
or
490:
log xn dx
>
n
>
X
>
log xr
>
n
>
: 1 n!x
r!
r0
Z
491:
Z
492:
Z
493:
Z
494:
n 6 1
log xn
1
log xn1
dx
n1
x
dx
log x2 log x3
loglog x log x

log x
2 2!
3 3!
dx
loglog x
x log x
dx
1

xlog xn
n 1log xn1
Z
xm dx
xm1
m1
xm dx
n
n1
log x
n 1 log xn1
n 1log x
8
Z
xm1 log xn
n
>
>
>
xm log xn1 dx

>
>
m1
>
Z
< m1
or
496:
xm log xn dx
>
n
>
X
>
n!
log xr
>
n
m1
>
>
: 1 m 1 x
r!m 1nr
Z
495:
r0
Z
497:
Z
498:
xp cosb ln x dx
x
b sinb ln x p 1 cosb ln x c
p 12 b2
xp sinb ln x dx
xp1
p 1 sinb ln x b cosb ln x c
p 12 b2
logax b dx
ax b
logax b x
a
Z
499:
p1
* The square roots appearing in these formulas may be plus or minus, depending on the
quadrant of x. Care must be used to give them the proper sign.
A-50
Z
500.
Z
501.
Z
502.
503.
logax b
a
ax b
logax b
dx log x
x2
b
bx
xm logax b dx
"
m1 #
1
b
xm1
logax b
m1
a
m1 m
1
X
1
b
1
axr

m1
a
r
b
r1
logax b
1 logax b
1 am1
ax b

dx
log
xm
m1
xm1
m1
b
x
r
m
2

X
m1
1
a
1
b

,
m > 2
m1
b
r
ax
r1
Z h
x ai
dx x a logx a x a logx a
log
xa
Z
504.
h x ai
xm1 am1
xm1 am1
dx
xm log
logx a
logx a
xa
m1
m1
m1=2
xm2r2
2am1 X
1
m 1 r1 m 2r 2 a

Z
1 h x ai
1
xa 1
x2 a2
dx log
log
log
505.
x2
xa
x
xa a
x2
8
p

>
4ac b2
b
2cx b
>
>
tan1 p ;
x
log
X

2x
>
>
>
c
2c
4ac b2
>
>
>
>
or
>
Z

tanh1 p ;
x
log X 2x
>
>
>
2c
c
b2 4ac
>
>
>
where
>
>
>
>
:
X a bx cx2
Z
507.
Z
508.
Z
509.
Z
510.
xn1
2c
log X
n1
n1
where X a bx cx2
xn log X dx
logx2 a2 dx x logx2 a2 2x a log
x logx
Z
xn1
dx
X
x
a
xa
xa
p
p
p
x2 a2 dx x logx x2 a2 x2 a2
513.
b2 4ac > 0
x logx2 a2 dx 12x2 a2 logx2 a2 12x2
logx
512.
xn2
b
dx
n1
X
logx2 a2 dx x logx2 a2 2x 2a tan1
Z
511.
b2 4ac < 0
p
2

p
p
x
a2
x x2 a2

logx x2 a2
x2 a2 dx
4
2
4
xm logx
Z
p
p
xm1
1
xm1
p dx
logx x2 a2
x2 a2 dx
m1
m1
x2 a2
A-51
p
p
p
Z
logx x2 a2
logx x2 a2 1
a x2 a2
log

514.
dx

a
x2
x
x
p
p
Z
2
2
2
2
logx x a
logx x a 1
x
sec1
dx
515.
jaj
x2
x
a
2
Z
1 4 n1
x logx2 a2 an1 logx a
516.
xn logx2 a2 dx
n1
n1
a
3
a2r xn2r1 5
logx a 2
n 2r 1
r0
X
n=2

EXPONENTIAL FORMS
Z
517.
Z
518.
Z
519.
Z
ex dx ex
ex dx ex
eax dx
eax
a
eax
ax 1
a2
8 xm eax m Z
>
xm1 eax dx

>
>
>
a
>
Z
< a
or
521.
xm eax dx
>
m
>
X
>
m!xmr
>
ax
>
1r
:e
m r!ar1
r0
520.
x eax dx
eax dx
ax a2 x2 a3 x3
log x

x
1! 2 2!
3 3!
Z ax
Z
e
1
eax
a
eax
523.
dx
dx
m 1 xm1 m 1 xm1
xm
Z
Z
eax log x 1 eax

dx
524.
eax log x dx
a
a
x
Z
dx
ex
525.
x log1 ex log
x
1e
1 ex
Z
dx
x 1
526.
loga bepx
a bepx a ap
r
Z
dx
1
a
; a > 0; b > 0
p tan1 emx
527.
mx
mx
ae be
b
m ab
8
p mx p
>
ae b
1
>
>
p
log
p
mx p
>
>
>
Z
a
e b
2m
ab
<
dx
528.
or
aemx bemx >
>
r
>
>
a mx
> 1
>
e
; a > 0; b > 0
: p tanh1
b
m ab
Z
ax ax
529.
ax ax dx
log a
Z
ax
e
1
530.
dx logb ceax
ac
b ceax
Z
x eax
eax
531.
dx 2
a 1 ax
1 ax2
522.
A-52
Z
532.
Z
533.
Z
534.
x ex dx 12ex
eax sinbx dx
eax a sinbx b cosbx

a2 b2
eax sinbxsincx dx
eax b c sinb cx a cosb cx

2a2 b c2

2a2 b c2
8 ax
e a sinb cx b c cosb cx
>
>
>
>
>
2a2 b c2
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
eax a sinb cx b c cosb cx
>
>
>
>
>
2a2 b c2
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
or
>
>
Z
<
ax
ax
535.
e sinbxcoscx dx e
a sin bx b cos bxcoscx
>
>
>

>
>
>
>
>
csin bx sincx
>
>
>
>
>
> where
>
>
>
>
q
>
>
>
>

a2 b2 c2 2 4a2 c2 ,
>
>
>
>
:
cos a2 b2 c2 , sin 2ac
Z
536.
Z
537.
Z
538.
Z
539.
Z
540.
Z
541.
Z
542.
Z
543.
eax sinbxsinbx c dx
eax cos c eax a cos2bx c 2b sin2bx c

2a
2a2 4b2
eax sinbxcosbx c dx
eax sin c eax a sin2bx c 2b cos2bx c
2a
2a2 4b2
eax cosbx dx
eax
a cosbx b sinbx
a2 b2
eax cosbxcoscx dx

2a2 b c2
ax
e b c sinb cx a cosb cx
2a2 b c2
eax cosbxcosbx c dx
eax cosbxsinbx c dx
eax sinn bx dx
eax cosn bx dx
eax cos c eax a cos2bx c 2b sin2bx c
2a
2a2 4b2
eax sin c eax a sin2bx c 2b cos2bx c
2a
2a2 4b2

1
a sin bx nb cos bxeax sinn1 bx
a2 n2 b2
Z
nn 1b2 eax sinn2 bx dx
a2

1
a cos bx nb sin bxeax cosn1 bx
2
2
n b
Z
nn 1b2 eax cosn2 bx dx
A-53
Z
544.
Z
545.
Z
546.
1
xm ex sin x dx xm ex sin x cos x
2
Z
Z
m
m
xm1 ex sin x dx
xm1 ex cos x dx

2
2
xm eax sin bx dx
8
a sin bx b cos bx
>
>
xm eax
>
>
>
a2 b2
>
>
>
>
>
Z
>
>
m
>
>
>
xm1 eax a sin bx b cos bx dx
2
>
>
a b2
>
>
>
>
>
>
<
or
>
m
>
X
>
1r m!xmr
>
>
sinbx r 1
eax
>
>
>
r1 m r!
>
r0
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
where
>
>
>
>
>
p
>
:
a2 b2 ; cos a; sin b
1
xm ex cos x dx xm ex sin x cos x
2
Z
Z
m
m
xm1 ex sin x dx
xm1 ex cos x dx

2
2
8
a cos bx b sin bx
>
>
xm eax
>
>
>
a2 b2
>
>
>
>
>
Z
>
>
m
>
>
>
xm1 eax a cos bx b sin bx dx

>
>
a2 b2
>
>
Z
<
547.
xm eax cos bx dx
or
>
>
>
>
>
m
>
X 1r m!xmr
>
>
>
cosbx r 1
> eax
>
>
r1 m r!
>
r0
>
>
>
>
>
>
p
:
a2 b2 ; cos a; sin b
A-54
8
eax cosm1 x sinn xa cos x m n sin x
>
>
>
>
>
>
m n2 a2
>
>
>
Z
>
>
na
>
>
>
eax cosm1 xsinn1 x dx
>
2
>
>
m n a2
>
>
>
Z
>
>
>
m 1m n
>
>
eax cosm2 xsinn x dx

>
>
>
m n2 a2
>
>
>
>
>
or
>
>
>
>
>
ax
m
>
e
cos
x sinn1 xa sin x m n cos x
>
>
>
>
>
m n2 a2
>
>
>
Z
>
>
>
ma
>
>

>
>
>
m n2 a2
>
>
>
>
Z
>
>
n 1m n
>
>
eax cosm xsinn2 x dx
>
2
>
2
>
m
a
>
Z
<
or
548.
eax cosm xsinn x dx
>
>
> eax cosm1 xsinn1 xa sin x cos x m sin2 x n cos2 x
>
>
>
>
>
>
m n2 a2
>
>
>
>
Z
>
>
mm 1
>
ax
m2
>
xsinn x dx
>
> m n2 a2 e cos
>
>
>
>
>
Z
>
>
nn 1
>
>
>
>
2
>
m n a2
>
>
>
>
>
or
>
>
>
>
>
ax
>
> e cosm1 xsinn1 xa cos x sin x m sin2 x n cos2 x
>
>
>
>
>
m n2 a2
>
>
>
Z
>
>
>
mm 1
>
>
>
>
>
m
n2 a2
>
>
>
Z
>
>
>
n mn m 1
>
>
:
m n2 a2
Z
549.
Z
550.
Z
551.
Z
552.
Z
553.
xeax sin bx dx
xeax cos bx dx
xeax
eax
a sin bx b cos bx
a2 b2 sin bx 2ab cos bx
a2 b2
a2 b2 2
xeax
eax
a cos bx b sin bx
a2 b2 cos bx 2ab sin bx
2
2
b
a b2 2
a2
eax
eax a sin x n 2 cos x a2 n 22
n dx
sin x
n 1n 2
n 1n 2 sinn1 x
eax
eax a cos x n 2 sin x a2 n 22
dx
n 1n 2 cosn1 x
cosn x
n 1n 2
eax tann x dx eax
tann1 x
a

n1
n1
eax tann1 x dx
HYPERBOLIC FORMS
Z
sinh x dx cosh x
554.
Z
555.
cosh x dx sinh x
A-55
eax
dx
sinn2 x
eax
dx
cosn2 x
eax tann2 x dx
Z
tanh x dx log cosh x
556.
Z
coth x dx log sinh x
557.
Z
558.
Z
559.
sech x dx tan1 sinh x

x
csch x dx log tanh
2
Z
xsinh x dx x cosh x sinh x
560.
Z
561.
xn sinh x dx xn cosh x n
xn1 cosh x dx
Z
xcosh x dx x sinh x cosh x
562.
Z
563.
xn cosh x dx xn sinh x n
xn1 sinh x dx
Z
sech xtanh x dx sech x
564.
Z
csch xcoth x dx csch x
565.
Z
sinh 2x x

4
2
8
1
>
>
sinhm1 xcoshn1 x
>
>
m
n
>
>
>
Z
>
>
n1
>
>
sinhm xcoshn2 x dx
>
>
>
mn
Z
<
or
567.
sinhm xcoshn x dx
>
>
> 1
>
>
sinhm1 x coshn1 x
>
>
>
mn
>
>
Z
>
>
>
> m 1 sinhm2 xcoshn x dx, m n 6 0
:
mn
8
1
>
>
>
m1
>
>
m

nsinh
xcoshn1 x
>
>
>
Z
>
>
>
mn2
dx
>
>

, m 6 1
>
m2
>
m

1
>
sinh
xcoshn x
Z
<
dx
or
568.
sinhm xcoshn x >
>
>
1
>
>
>
>
m1
>
n

1
sinh
x coshn1 x
>
>
>
Z
>
>
>
mn2
dx
>
>
, n 6 1
:
n1
sinhm xcoshn2 x
Z
569.
tanh2 x dx x tanh x
566.
Z
570.
Z
571.
Z
572.
sinh2 x dx
tanhn x dx
tanhn1 x
n1
tanhn2 x dx,
sech2 x dx tanh x
cosh2 x dx
sinh 2x x
4
2
A-56
n 6 1
Z
573.
Z
574.
Z
575.
coth2 x dx x coth x
cothn x dx
cothn1 x
n1
sinh mxsinh nx dx
579.
580.
581.
582.
583.
584.
585.
586.
587.
588.
589.
590.
591.
sinhm nx sinhm nx
,
2m n
2m n
m2 6 n2
sinh mxcosh nx dx
coshm nx coshm nx
,
2m n
2m n
m2 6 n2
Z
x
x p
dx x sinh1 x2 a2 ,
a > 0
sinh1
a
a
2

Z
x
x
a2
x x p
x sinh1
dx
x2 a2 ,
a > 0
sinh1
a
a 4
2
4
n1
Z
Z

x
1
xn1
xn sinh1 x dx
dx,
n 6 1
sinh1 x
n 1 1 x2 1=2
n1

8
x p
x
>
x cosh1 x2 a2 ,
cosh1 > 0
>
>
Z
<
a
a
x
or
dx
cosh1
>

a
p
>
x
>
: x cosh1 x x2 a2 ,
a > 0
cosh1 < 0 ,
a
a
Z
1
x
2x2 a2
x x
x cosh1
dx
cosh1 x2 a2 2
a
a 4
4
Z
Z
xn1
1
xn1
cosh1 x
xn cosh1 x dx
dx,
n 6 1
2
n 1 x 11=2
n1
Z
x

x
x a

tanh1 dx x tanh1 loga2 x2 ,
<1
a
a 2
a
Z

x

x
x
a

dx x coth1 logx2 a2 ,
coth1
>1
a
a 2
a
Z

2
2
x
x a
x ax
x
dx
tanh1 ,
x tanh1
<1
a
a
2
a
2
Z n1
Z
n1
x
1
x
tanh1 x
dx,
n 6 1
xn tanh1 x dx
n 1 1 x2
n1
Z
x

x
x2 a2
x ax

dx
coth1 ,
x coth1
>1
a
a
2
a
2
Z n1
Z

xn1
1
x
coth1 x
dx,
n 6 1
xn coth1 x dx
n 1 x2 1
n1
Z
sech1 x dx xsech1 x sin1 x
Z
x2
1 p2
1x
sech1 x
2
2
Z
Z
xn1
1
xn
sech1 x
593.
xn sech1 x dx
dx,
n 1 1 x2 1=2
n1
Z
x
594.
csch1 x dx xcsch1 x sinh1 x
jxj
592.
m2 6 n2
cosh mxcosh nx dx
Z
578.
n 6 1
sinhm nx sinhm nx

,
2m n
2m n
Z
577.
cothn2 x dx,
csch2 x dx ctnh x
Z
576.
xsech1 x dx
A-57
n 6 1
x2
1 x p2
1x
csch1 x
2 jxj
2
Z
Z
xn1
1 x
xn
csch1 x
dx,
596.
xn csch1 x dx
n 1 jxj x2 112
n1
xcsch1 x dx
595.
n 6 1
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
Z
597.
0

1 n
1
1
1
m
xn1 ex dx
log
dx
x
n m1 1 n
0
m
n,
n 6 0, 1, 2, 3, . . .
Z 1
tn pt dt
598.
0
n!
,
log pn1
tn1 ea1t dt
599.
0
600.
0
n1
1
Y
Gamma Function
n 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . and p > 0
n
,
a 1n
n > 0, a > 1

1 n
n 1
xm log
dx
,
x
m 1n1
m > 1, n > 1
601. n is finite if n > 0, n 1 nn

602. n 1 n
p
sin np
603. n n 1! if n integer > 0

Z1
p
2
604. 12 2
et dt p 1:7724538509 12!
0
1 3 5 . . . 2n 1 p
p
n 1, 2, 3, . . .
2n
p
1n 2n p
n 1, 2, 3, . . .
606. n 12
1 3 5 . . . 2n 1
Z1
Z1
xm1
mn
Bm, n
xm1 1 xn1 dx
dx
m n
1
xmn
607. 0
0
Beta function
605. n 12
608. Bm, n Bn, m

Z
mn
, where m and n are any positive real numbers:
m n
x am b xn dx b amn1
609.
a
610.
1
611.
0
612.
0
613.
0
Z
614.
0
dx
1
,
xm m 1
m 1 n 1
,
m n 2
m > 1
dx
p csc pp,
1 xxp
dx
p cot pp,
1 xxp
p < 1
p < 1
xp1 dx
p
1 x sin pp
B p, 1 p p1 p,
m1
x dx
p
mp ,
1 xn
n sin
n
0 < m < n
A-58
0 1, n > 1, b > a
DEFINITE INTEGRALS (Continued)

3
2
a1
a1

c

1
7
xa dx
ma1bc=b 6
b
b
6
7
4
5
b c
m
x
b
c
0
Z
615.

Z

a > 1, b > 0, m > 0, c > a1
b
dx
p p
1 x x
a dx
p
,
a2 x2 2
616.
0
Z
617.
0
p
if a > 0; 0, if a 0; , if a < 0
2
a2 x2 n=2 dx
618.
0
1
2
a2 x2 n=2 dx
a
1 3 5...n
p
an1
2 4 6 . . . n 1 2
n odd
8

1 mn1 m 1 n 2
>
>
>
a
,
B
>
>
2
2
2
>
>
>
>
>
Za
or
<

xm a2 x2 n=2 dx
619.
m1
n2
>

0
>
>
1 mn1
2
2
>
>

>
a
>
>
mn3
>2
>

:
2
p=2
sinn x dx
620.
0
sin mx dx p
,
x
2
cos x dx
1
x
tan x dx p
x
2
622.
0
Z
623.
0
p
if m > 0; 0, if m 0; , if m < 0
2
sin ax sin bx dx
624.
0
cos ax cos bx dx 0,
a 6 b; a, b integers
p=a
sinaxcosax dx 0
sinaxcosax dx
625.
0
n an even integer, n 6 0
2 4 6 8 . . . n 1
>
>
,
n an odd integer, n 6 1
>
>
1 3 5 7 . . . n
>
>
>
>
>
or
>
>
>

>
>
n1
>
>
> p
>
>
p
2
>
>

,
n > 1
>
>
: 2 n1
2
621.
Z
8 Z p=2
>
>
cosn x dx
>
>
>
>
0
>
>
>
>
or
>
>
>
>
1 3 5 7 . . . n 1 p
>
>
>
> 2 4 6 8 . . . n 2 ,
>
>
>
>
>
<
or
0
p
sinaxcosbx dx
626.
0
Z
627.
0
sin x cos mx dx
0,
x
2a
, if a b is odd, or 0 if a b is even
a2 b2
if m < 1 or m > 1;
A-59
p
p
, if m 1; , if m2 < 1
4
2
sin ax sin bx
pa
dx , a b
x2
2
Zp
Zp
p
629:
sin2 mx dx
cos2 mx dx
2
0
0
628:
sin2 px
pp
dx
x2
2
sin x
p
,
dx
xp
2 p sin pp=2
0<p<1
cos x
p
,
dx
xp
2p cospp=2
0<p<1
630:
0
Z
631:
0
632:
0
1 cos px
pp
dx
x2
2
n
o
sin px cos qx
p
p
dx 0, q > p > 0; , p > q > 0; , p q > 0
x
2
4
cosmx
p jmaj
e
dx
x2 a2
2jaj
633:
0
Z
634:
0
Z
635:
0
cosx2 dx
636:
sinx2 dx
0
1
sin axn dx
637:
0
r
1 p
2 2
1
p
1=n sin ,
na1=n
2n
n>1
1
p
1=n cos ,
na1=n
2n
r
Z1
Z1
sin x
cos x
p
p dx
p dx
639:
x
x
2
0
0
cos axn dx
638:
n>1
640: a
0
sin3 x
3p
dx
x3
8
sin4 x
p
dx
x4
3
641:
0
Z
642:
0
p=2
643:
0
Z
644:
0
2p
Z
0
a > b 0
a2 < 1
dx
p
a2 sin2 x b2 cos2 x 2ab
p=2
dx
pa2 b2
,
2
4a3 b3
a2 sin x b2 cos2 x
2
a < 1
p=2
648:
Z
dx
cos1 a
p ,
1 a cos x
1 a2
sin3 x
3
dx log 3
x2
4
cos ax cos bx
b
dx log
x
a
649:
dx
2p
p ,
1 a cos x
1 a2
647:
Z
Z
b
dx
p
p ,
a b cos x
a2 b2
645:
646:
sin3 x
p
dx
x
4
p=2
1 n m
,
sinn1 x cosm1 x dx B ,
2 2 2
A-60
a, b > 0
m and n positive integers

Z
p=2
sin2n1 d
650:
0
p=2
sin2n d
651:
0
p=2
652:
0
p=2
3
p
2p2
cos d %
&
2
14
654:
0
p=2
tanh d
655:
0
656:
0
n 1, 2, 3, . . .
,
x
1
1
1
1
dx 2 2 2 2 2
sin x
1
3
5
7
dx
p
1 tanm x 4
n 1, 2, 3, . . .
1 3 5 . . . 2n 1 p
,
2 4 . . . 2n
2
p=2
653:
Z
2 4 6 . . . 2n
,
1 3 5 . . . 2n 1
p
,
hp
2 cos
2
0 < h < 1
tan1 ax tan1 bx
p
a
dx log ,
x
2
b
a, b > 0
b
657. The area enclosed by a curve dened through the equation xc yc ac where
a > 0, c a positive odd integer and b a positive even integer is given by
h c i2
2

2ca
b
2c
b

b
ZZZ
658. I
xh1 ym1 zn1 dv, where R denotes the region of space bounded by the
R
xp yq zk
1, which
a
b
c
lies in the rst octant and where h, m, n, p, q, k, a, b, c, denote positive real
numbers is given by

h
m
n
Z h1x=ap 1=e
Z c1x=ap y=bq 1=e
Za

ah bm cn
p
q
k
h1
m
n1

x dx
y dy
z dz
h m n
pqk
0
0
0
1
p q k
Z1
1
659:
eax dx , a > 0
a
0
co-ordinate planes and that portion of the surface
1 ax
660:
0
ebx
b
dx log ,
a
x
a, b > 0
8
n 1
>
>
, n > 1, a > 0
>
>
Z1
< an1
661:
xn eax dx or
>
0
>
> n!
>
:
, a > 0, n positive integer
an1

Z1
k
n1
662:
xn expaxp dx k ,
n > 1, p > 0, a > 0, k
pa
p
0
Z
2 2
ea
663:
Z
664:
0
dx

1 p
1
1
p
,
2a
2a 2
a > 0
xex dx 12
A-61

p
1
p
2
x2 ex dx
4
0
r
Z1
1 3 5 . . . 2n 1 p
2
x2n eax dx
2n1 an
a
0
Z1
n!
2
x2n1 eax dx n1 , a > 0
2a
0
"
#
Z1
m
X
m!
ar
xm eax dx m1 1 ea
a
r!
0
r0
Z
665:
666:
667:
668:
p
e2a p
, a 0
2
0
r
Z1
p
1 p
enx x dx
2n n
0
r
Z 1 nx
e
p
p dx
n
x
0
Z1
a
eax cos mx dx 2
,
a > 0
a m2
0
Z1
m
eax sin mx dx 2
,
a > 0
a m2
0
Z1
2ab
xeax sinbx dx
,
a > 0
a2 b2 2
0
Z1
a2 b2
xeax cosbx dx
,
a > 0
a2 b2 2
0
Z
669:
670:
671:
672:
673:
674:
675:
ex
a2 =x2
dx
xn eax sinbx dx
n!a ibn1 a ibn1

,
2ia2 b2 n1
i2 1, a > 0
xn eax cosbx dx
n!a ibn1 a ibn1

,
2a2 b2 n1
i2 1, a > 0
676:
0
677:
0
1 ax
sin x
dx cot1 a,
a > 0
x
0
p

Z1
b2
p
2 2
679:
ea x cos bx dx
exp 2 ,
ab 6 0
4a
2a
0
Z1

p
p
et cos tb1 sint sin dt b sinb,
b > 0, < <
680:
2
2
0
Z1

p
p
681:
et cos tb1 cost sin dt b cosb,
b > 0, < <
2
2
0

Z1
bp
682:
tb1 cos t dt b cos
,
0 < b < 1
2
0

Z1
bp
tb1 sin t dt b sin
,
0 < b < 1
683:
2
0
e
678:
684:
log xn dx 1n n!
log
p
1
p
1 2
dx
x
2
log
1
p
1 2
dx p
x
Z 1
685:
0
Z 1
686:
0
A-62

Z 1
1 n
log
dx n!
687:
x
0
Z
x log1 x dx 34
688:
0
x log1 x dx 14
689:
0
xm log xn dx
690:
0
691:
692:
693:
694:
695:
696:
697:
698:
1n n!
,
m 1n1
m > 1, n 0, 1, 2, . . .
If n 6 0, 1, 2, . . . replace n! by n 1:
Z1
log x
p2
dx
1
x
12
0
Z1
log x
p2
dx
1

x
6
0
Z1
log1 x
p2
dx
x
12
0
Z1
log1 x
p2
dx
x
6
0
Z1
p2
log xlog1 x dx 2 2 log 2
12
0
Z1
p2
log xlog1 x dx 2
6
0
Z1
log x
p2
dx
2
1

x
8
0

Z1
1 x dx p2

log
1
x
x
4
0
Z
log x dx
p
p log 2
2
1 x2
Z 1
n
1
n 1
700:
xm log
dx
,
if m 1 > 0, n 1 > 0
x
m 1n1
0

Z1 p
x xq dx
p1
log
701:
,
p 1 > 0, q 1 > 0
log x
q1
0
699:
702:
0
703:
0
p
dx
s
p, same as integral 686
1
log
x
x

e 1
p2
log x
dx
e 1
4
Z
p=2
p=2
p
log cos x dx log 2
2
p=2
p
log csc x dx log 2
2
log sin x dx
704:
0
p=2
log sec x dx
705:
0
0
p
xlog sin x dx
706:
0
p2
log 2
2
p=2
sin xlog sin x dx log 2 1
707:
0
A-63

Z
p=2
log tan x dx 0
708:
0
loga b cos x dx p log
709:
Z
710:
loga2 2ab cos x b2 dx
sin ax
p
ap
dx tanh
sinh bx
2b
2b
cos ax
p
p
dx sech
cosh bx
2b
2b
dx
p
cosh ax 2a
x dx
p2
2
sinh ax 4a
711:
0
Z
712:
0
Z
713:
0
Z
714:
0
715:
Z
Z
0 jbj < a
eax sinh bx dx
b
,
a2 b2
0 jbj < a
sinh ax
p
ap 1
dx csc
ebx 1
2b
b 2a
sinh ax
1
p
ap
dx cot
ebx 1
2a 2b
b
Z
718:
0
p=2
719:
0
p=2
720:
0
ab>0
ba>0
a
,
a2 b2
717:
2p log a,
2p log b,
a b
eax cosh bx dx
716:
p!
a2 b2
,
2
"
#
2

dx
p
1
1 3 2 4
1 3 5 2 6
p
1
k
k2
k ,
2
2 4
2 4 6
1 k2 sin2 x 2
#
"
2

p
p
1
1 3 2 k4
1 3 5 2 k6
1

,
1 k2 sin2 x dx
k2
2
2
2 4 3
2 4 6 5
ex log x dx 0:5772157 . . .
721:
0
ex log x dx
722:
0
723:
0
Z
724:
0
p
p
2 log 2
4

1
1
ex dx 0:5772157 . . .
x
1e
x
[Eulers Constant]

1
1
ex dx 0:5772157 . . .
x 1x
For n even:
Z

n=21
1 X n sinn 2kx 1
n
n
x
725:
cosn x dx n1
k
n

2k
2
n=2
2
k0
A-64
if k2 < 1
if k2 < 1

Z
sin x dx
726:
1
2n1
n=21
X
k0
h
p i

1
n sin n 2k 2 x
n
k
2
2k n
For n odd:
Z
n1=2
1 X n sinn 2kx
727:
cosn x dx n1
k
n 2k
2
k0
Z
728:
sinn x dx
1
2n1
n1=2
X
k0
h

i
sin n 2k p x
n
2
k
2k n
A-65
n
n=2
!
x

Integrals

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Integrals

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INTEGRALS

where u and v are any functions of x

FORMS CONTAINING (a bx)

FORMS CONTAINING (a bxn)

a bx2 2 2aa bx2 2a a bx2

X a bx cx2 , q 4ac b2 , and k

x2 dx 2b2 4acx 2ab 1

FORMS INVOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

3x sin 2ax sin 4ax

3x sin 2ax sin 4ax

sin ax cosn ax an 1 cosn1 ax

*See note 6 on page A-19.

ab > 0, or jaj > jbj

acx b log a sin cx b cos cx

*See note 6 on page A-19.

a b sin x2 b2 a2 a b sin x b2 a2 a b sin x

a b cos x2 b2 a2 a b cos x b2 a2 a b cos x

*See note 6 on page A-19.

x2 x sin 2ax cos 2ax

FORMS INVOLVING INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

cos1 ax2 dx xcos1 ax2 2x

Note: [s] means greatest integer  s. Thus [3.5] means 3; 5 5, 12 0.

FORMS INVOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTIONS

log x2 dx xlog x2 2x log x 2x

See note integral 392.

logx2 a2 dx x logx2 a2 2x a log

x logx2  a2 dx 12x2  a2 logx2  a2 12x2

logx2 a2 dx x logx2 a2 2x 2a tan1

See note integral 392.

eax a sinbx b cosbx

eax sinbx sincx dx

eax b c sinb cx a cosb cx

eax sinbx sinbx c dx

eax cos c eax a cos2bx c 2b sin2bx c

eax sinbx cosbx c dx

eax sin c eax a sin2bx c 2b cos2bx c

eax cosbx coscx dx

eax b c sinb cx a cosb cx

eax cosbx cosbx c dx

eax cosbx sinbx c dx

eax cos c eax a cos2bx c 2b sin2bx c

eax sin c eax a sin2bx c 2b cos2bx c

eax cosm2 xsinn x dx

eax cosm1 xsinn1 x dx

coth x dx log sinh x

sech x dx tan1 sinh x

csch xcoth x dx csch x

m > 1, n > 1

601. n is finite if n > 0, n 1 nn

603. n n 1! if n integer > 0

608. Bm, n Bn, m

m > 1, n > 1, b > a

DEFINITE INTEGRALS (Continued)

DEFINITE INTEGRALS (Continued)

a2 sin2 x b2 cos2 x 2ab

m and n positive integers

DEFINITE INTEGRALS (Continued)

xp yq zk

DEFINITE INTEGRALS (Continued)

n!a ibn1 a ibn1

n!a ibn1 a ibn1

DEFINITE INTEGRALS (Continued)

sin xlog sin x dx log 2 1

DEFINITE INTEGRALS (Continued)

Note: [s] means greatest integer s. Thus [3.5] means 3; 5 5, 12 0.

x logx2 a2 dx 12x2 a2 logx2 a2 12x2

eax sinbxsincx dx

eax sinbxsinbx c dx

eax sinbxcosbx c dx

eax cosbxcoscx dx

eax cosbxcosbx c dx

eax cosbxsinbx c dx

601. n is finite if n > 0, n 1 nn

603. n n 1! if n integer > 0

loga b cos x dx p log