Forces

Section 1

Newtons 1st Law: warm up

Place your book on the desk.
Draw a force diagram of it.
Now give your book a push and note its motion
after you stop pushing. Draw a force diagram of
this.
Now imagine you are in space with no gravity or
frictional forces and you throw your book. What
would its motion be? Draw a force diagram.

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Force Diagram Practice

Force diagrams allow you to practice

with identifying and drawing forces.
Complete problem #1 - 3

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Key Ideas
What makes an object speed up, slow down, or
change directions?
What determines how much an object speeds
up or slows down?

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Newtons First Law

What makes an object speed up, slow down, or
change directions?
Objects change their state of motion only when
a net force is applied.
This principle is Newtons first law.

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Visual Concept: Newtons First Law

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Newtons First Law, continued

Objects tend to maintain their state of motion.

Inertia is related to an objects mass.

inertia: the tendency of an object to resist a
change in motion unless an outside force acts
on the object

Inertia is the tendency of objects to be lazy

Water Balloon inertia
Cup and coin demo
Force diagram for the coin

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On your paper answer the following using newtons

first law:
1. What is happening to the motion of the car?
2. Why does it stop?
3. What is happening to the motion of the guy?
4. Why doesnt he stop?

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Seat belts
Seat belts and car seats provide protection.
When a car comes to a stop, your seat belt
and the friction between you and the seat
provide the unbalanced backward force that is
needed to bring you to a stop as the car
stops.

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Inertia
Watch the following animation and answer the
following using newtons first law:
1. Why does the ladder continue to move?
2. Why is it important to have cup holders in a car?

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Inertia
The more massive an object is the more inertia
(resistance to change) it has.
What requires more force?

Pushing a grocery cart or

Pushing a car
Chair Demo

Getting moving
turning

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Visual Concept: Mass and Inertia

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Newtons Second Law

What determines how much an object speeds
up or slows down?
Net force is equal to mass times acceleration.
The unbalanced force on an object determines
how much an object speeds up or slows down.
This principle is Newtons second law.
net force = mass acceleration, or F = ma
Force is measured in newtons (N): 1 N = 1 kg 1 m/s2

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Newtons Second Law, continued

For equal forces, a larger mass accelerates less.

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Newtons Second Law, continued

For equal masses, a greater force produces a greater
acceleration.

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Visual Concept: Newtons Second Law

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Math Skills
Newtons Second Law
Zookeepers lift a stretcher that holds a sedated lion. The
total mass of the lion and stretcher is 175 kg, and the
upward acceleration of the lion and stretcher is 0.657
m/s2. What force is needed to produce this acceleration
of the lion and the stretcher??
1. List the given and unknown values.
Given:
mass, m = 175 kg
acceleration, a = 0.657 m/s2
Unknown: force, F = ? N

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Math Skills, continued

2. Write the equation for Newtons second law.
force = mass acceleration
F = ma

3. Insert the known values into the equation, and solve.

F = 175 kg 0.657 m/s2
F = 115 kg m/s2

F = 115 N

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Practice problems Pg 401

Complete all of the practice problems on page 401