Zaid Iqbal

Zaid Iqbal
THE THREE PILLARS OF PHOTOGRAPHY

Shutter speed (exposure time):

Is the amount of time the shutter of the camera will capture the moment.
Its like a blink of our eyes; shutter speed is the amount of time that our
eyes will open once we close it. You can control it, right? Similar to our
camera we can set the exposure time for freezing or blurring the
motion.
It is measured based on fractions of a second such as 1/2 means half
of a second, 1/4 means quarter of a second, 1/250 means 4
milliseconds, 1/500 means 2 milliseconds, 1/1000 means 1 millisecond,
and so on. Long shutter speeds like 30s, 15s, etc. Very short shutter
speeds (1/4000 s, 1/2000, 1/1000, etc.) are very useful in capturing fast
moving subjects to freeze the motion. On the other hand, very long
shutter speeds (30s, 15s, 8s, etc.) are useful for artistic effects and
blurring the motions of a moving subject.

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(ref. link: http://photographyplusphotoshop.com/shutter-speed/ )

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Aperture:
(Reference: http://photographyplusphotoshop.com/aperture/ )
Aperture is used to control the amount of light reaching the image sensor of
camera. It is the opening of lens when we hit the shutter button. By adjusting
the aperture we can control how wide or small our camera can capture. Wider
lens opening will give wider scope of your shot, the smaller the opening of the
lens the smaller the capture of moment.
Aperture is measured using f-stops and is normally referred to as f/number.
When we move from one f-stop to the other it halves or doubles the size of
the opening in the lens affecting the amount of light that passes through.
Mostly, camera lens have f/1.4 for maximum and f/22 minimum aperture
(other camera lens has higher or lower aperture) and maximum apertures will
give widest opening of the lens and minimum will give us the smallest
opening of the lens. Dont be confused with the minimum or maximum
apertures, remember this, the higher the number (f-stop) the wider the focus
of lens capture and the lower the number (f-stop) the smaller the focus that
the sensor of the camera can capture.
Landscape photographers tend to use the minimum aperture (e.g. f/22) to
capture the entire area. While Macro photographers usually use maximum
aperture (lower f-stop number) like f/3.5, f/5.6, f/8, etc. in order for them to
focus on their small subjects.

Image reference: http://www.pixyzone.com/aperture-digital-photography/

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ISO
In Digital Cameras, ISO Sensitivity is the measure of the level of light
sensitivity of the camera sensor. There are levels or steps like 100, 200, 400,
800, 1600, and so on, the lower the ISO the finer the result and the higher the
ISO the higher the amount of noise or grain to the image.

Mathematically speaking, ISO Sensitivity measures one step higher than the
other by multiplier of two (100x 2 = 200, 2002 = 400, 4002 = 800, and so
on). Each step higher doubles the sensitivity (to light) of the camera sensor.
ISO 200 is twice as sensitive as comparable to ISO 100, same thing with ISO
800 is twice as sensitive as compared to ISO 400 or 8 times more sensitive to
light than ISO 100.
It is advisable to use higher ISO in moving subject/s with limited amount of
light without using flash such as indoor sports photography wherein the
movements and low light are present. Capturing the moments and adjusting
the light automatically by giving more steps in ISO settings will give high
quality photographs. It is recommendable to use low ISO for a subject that
has good light condition and in a stationary position. In most cases you need
to stay on the lowest ISO as possible like 100 or 200 to avoid noise. Also
using the Auto ISO setting will let the camera sets the ISO in different light
conditions.

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