ES - 101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE-3B

ENGR. VILMA P. GONZALES

CHAPTER 2: FORCES AND COMPONENTS

PROB. 1: DETERMINE THE X AND Y COMPONENTS OF THE FORCES P AND F.
Y

SOLUTION:

P = 200
N

FOR FORCE P:
60

PX = P cos 60 = 100 N PY = P sin 60 = 173.5 N

X
2
3

FOR FORCE F:

F = 300
N

FX = 300 (3/3.605)= 249.62 N FY = 300 (2/3.605) =

166.41 N
PROB. 2: RESOLVE THE 200-KN FORCE INTO TWO COMPONENTS ANALYTICALLY:
ONE ALONG THE Y-AXIS AND THE OTHER (A) ALONG THE X-AXIS; AND (B) ALONG
THE X-AXIS.
SOLUTION:
A) ALONG X & Y AXES

A)

B)

FX= 200 cos 30 = 173.21 N

FY = 200 sin 30 = 100 N

30
X
20

60
PY

5
0

B) ALONG X & Y AXES

PX

BY SINE LAW

70
x

200/sin 70 = PX/sin 60 = PY/sin 50

PX = 184.32 KN PY = 163.04 KN

PROB. 3: THE MAGNITUDES OF THE THREE VELOCITY VECTORS SHOWN ARE A = 50

KM/H, AND C = 30 K/H. EVALUATE THE FOLLOWING: (A) A + B (B) A + B + C; (C) A
B; AND (D) 2C 3B.
SOLUTION:
A) FX = A + B = 25 + 34.6410
59.6410 KM/H

VECTOR
(KM/H)

60

30
COMPONENTS

A
X

C
Y

A = 50

50 COS 60 = 25

50 SIN 60 =
43.3013

FY = 43.3013 + (-20) = 23.3013

KM/H

B = 40

40 COS 30 =
34.6410

-40 SIN 30 =
-20

A + B = SQRT. (FX2+ FY2)

C = 30

30

= 64.0312 KM/H

 = TAN -1 (Y/X) = 21.3402

B) FX = A + B + C
= 25 + 34.6410 + 0 = 59.6410 KM/H
FY = 43.3013 + (-20) + 30 = 53.3013 KM/H

ES-101

SANTOS, KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. VILMA P. GONZALES

A + B + C= SQRT.( FX2+ FY2) = 80 KM/H

= TAN -1 (Y/X) = 41.7872
C) FX = A B = 25 - 34.6410 = -9.6410 KM/H
FY = 43.3013 - (-20) = 63.3013 KM/H
A - B = SQRT. (FX2+ FY2) = 64.0313 KM/H
= TAN -1 (Y/X) = -81.4375
D) FX = 2C 3B = 2(0) 3(34.6410) = -103.9230 KM/H
FY = 2(30) - 3(-20) = 120 KM/H
2C- 3B = SQRT. (FX2+ FY2) = 158.745 KM/H
= TAN -1 (Y/X) = -49.1066
PROB. 4: TWO FORCES P AND Q LIE IN THE SAME PLANE AND ACT THOUGH THE
ORIGIN OF A RECTANGULAR COORDINATE SYSTEM. THE FORCE P HAS A MAGNITUDE
OF 760 N AND IS DIRECTED TOWARD THE POINT A (-16M, 32M). THE FORCE Q, OF
MAGNITUDE 520 N, IS DIRECTED TOWARD THE POINT B (24M, 12M). DETERMINE
THE MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION OF P + Q.
Y

SOLUTION:
A

FX = PX + QX = -760(1/2.2361) +
520(2/2.2361)

32
1

= 125.2198 N

-16

FY = PY + QY = 760(2/2.2361) + 520(1/2.2361)

2
12

Q
2

1
24

912.3157 N

= 912.3157 N

82.1847

P + Q = SQRT. (FX2+ FY2) =920.8691 N

PROB. 5: A POSITION VECTOR R, HAVING A MAGNITUDE OF 24M, IS DIRECTED AT S
30 W. RESOLVE R INTO TWO COMPONENTS WITH THE FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS:
(A)ONE S 10 E AND THE OTHER S 80
W; AND
(B)ONE S 10 E AND THE OTHER N 80
W.

A)

80

W
V

E
80

SOLUTION:
(A) LET AXIS U = S 10 E, AXIS V = S
80 W
RU= 24cos40 = 18.3851 M

N
U

30
10

R=
24

E
30 10

R=
24

RV= 24sin 40 = 15.4269 M

(B) 24/sin 70=RU/sin 40=RV/sin 70; RU= 16.417 M, RV=24 M

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE-3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 6: IN FIG.1, IF P = 120 N AND THE RESULTANT OF P AND Q IS DIRECTED

HORIZONTALLY TO THE RIGHT, DETERMINE Q AND THE MAGNITUDE OF THE
RESULTANT.
SOLUTION:
R = SQRT. (FX2+ FY2)
FIG. 1

R = FX (1)

FY = PY - QY = 0
3

0 = 120(3/5) Q (12/13)

Q = 78 N
FX = 120(4/5) + Q (5/13)

12

FX = R = 120(4/5) + Q (5/13) (2)

5

SUBSTITUTE VALUE OF Q IN (2):

R = 120(4/5) + 78(5/13) = 126 N

PROB. 7: RESOLVE THE 360 N FORCE INTO COMPONENTS: ONE ALONG AB AND
OTHER ALONG AC. USE = 45 AND = 30.
SOLUTION:
B

R = 360 N
FY = R = 360 N = ABcos45 + ACcos30
FX = 0 = -ABsin45 + ACsin30
AB = AC(sin30/sin45)

(2)

(3)

SUBST. (3) IN (1) AND SOLVE AC:

360 = AC(sin30/sin45) cos45 + ACcos30
AC = 263.5383 N, AB = 186.3479 N

(1)

C

A

360
N

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE-3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 8: THE FORCE P OF MAGNITUDE 5 KN IS TO BE RESOLVED INTO

COMPONENTS POA AND POB, ACTING ALONG OA AND OB, RESECTIVELY. DETERMINE
(A) POA AND POB IF = 45; (B) POA AND IF POB = 4 KN; AND (C) POB AND IF POA = 6
KN.
SOLUTION:
A) 5/sin 45 - POA/sin 105 = POB/sin 30
POA = 6.8301 KN; POB = 3.5355 KN B)
POA/sin = 4/sin 30 = 5/sin

B
P

30

= 38.6822; = 180-( + 30)=111.3178;

POA = 7.4526 KN
C) POB2 = 25 + 36 60cos30 = 3.0064 KN
5/sin = 3.0064/sin 30; = 56.2591

PROB. 9: A 100LB BOX IS PULLED AT A CONSTANT SPEED ON A HORIZONTAL

SURFACE BY THE FORCE PARALLEL TO THE FLOOR. THE FRICTION COEFFICIENT IS
0.2. FIND THE MAGNITUDE OF THE APPLIED FORCE.
Y
N

SOLUTION:

FRICTION = 0.2 x 100 = 20 LBS

F = FRICTION = 20 LBS.

FRICTIO
N

PROB. 10: A 100LB BOX STANDS AT REST ON THE

INCLINED PLANE KEPT BY THE FRICTION FORCE (FORCE OF STATIC FRICTION)
WHICH IS ASSUED LARGE ENOUGH. FIND THE RANGE OF THE ANGLE VALUES
WHERE THE FORCE OF STATIC FRICTION IS OVER
THE
SHEAR FORCE, IF THE STATIC FRICTION
Y
COEFFICIENT IS k.
SOLUTION:
WN = Wcos (NORMAL FORCE)
WS = Wsin (SHEAR FORCE)
FRICTION = kWN

kWN > WS OR kWcos > Wsin

TAN < k
IN THE RANGE OF ANGLES WITH TAN < k, THE FORCE OF STATIC FRICTION IS
OVER THE SHEAR FORCE.

ES -101

SANTOS, KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. VILMA P. GONZALES

CHAPTER 3: MOMENT OF A FORCE

PROB. 1: COMPUTE THE MOMENT OF A FORCE F = 450 N ABOUT PTS. A, B, C AND
D. EACH BLOCK HAS DIMENSIONS 1M x 1M.
SOLUTION:
F

FX = 450(4/5) = 360 N
FY = 450(3/5) = 270 N

MA= -270 (1) 360(3) = 1350 N.M (CCW)

MB = 270(4) + 360(3) = 2160 N.M (CW)
D

MC = 270(5) + 360(0) = 1350 N. M (CW)

MD = -270(1) + 360(3) = 810 N.M (CW)

PROB.2: FIND THE Y-COORDINATE OF PT. A SO THAT THE 360 N FORCE WILL HAVE A
CLOCKWISE MOMENT OF 400 N.M ABOUT O. ALSO DETERMINE THE Y-INTERCEPT OF
THE ACTION LINE OF THE FORCE.
Y

360 N

SOLUTION:

OF THE FORCE ALONG THE Y-AXIS

BY EXTENDING ITS LINE OF
ACTION. ONLY FX WILL ROTATE
ABOUT PT. O.

2M

FY = 360(2/3.6056) = 199.69 N
400 N.M = -199.69N(2M) + 299.54N(YA) THEN,
2.67 M
CONSIDER
THE PT. OF LOCATION

XA =

FX = 360(3/3.6056) = 299.54 N

YA
O

YA =

400 N.M = 299.54 N

(iY)
iY = 1.34 M

PROB. 3: DETERMINE THE MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION OF THE MOMENT ABOUT

PT. A FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING: (A) THE 320 N FORCE; (B) THE 380 N FORCE;
AND (C) THE COMBINED MOMENT OF BOTH FORCES.
320 N

SOLUTION:
450MM

A) MA = 320 N x (450MM)(1x10-3)M =
144N.M (CW)

B) MB = 380 N x (300MM) (1x10-3)M =

114N.M(CCW)
C) MT = 144-114 = 30 N.M (CW)

300 MM
380 N

ES 101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 4: A FORCE P ACTS IN THE XY-PLANE. THE MOMENTS OF P ABOUT PTS.O, A,

AND B ARE 80 KN.M, -200KN.M, AND 0 RESPECTIVELY. DETERMINE P.
SOLUTION:
MB = 0 (3)
MO = 80 KN-M (CW)
(1)

MA = -200 KN-M (CCW)

(2)

500
MM

500
MM

FROM (1):

B
N

O 400

80 KN.M = PY(0.4M) +
PX(0)

MM

O 400

MM

B
N

P
X

PY

PY = 200 KN
FROM (2):
-200 KN.M = 200 KN (0.4M) - PX(0.5M)
PX = 560 KN

PROB. 5: DETERMINE THE MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTIONAL SENSE OF THE

RESULTANT MOMENT OF THE FORCES AT
FORCE

COMPONENTS
FX

Y
FY

F1 =
500

-500cos45 =
-353.5534

500cos45 =
353.5534

F2 =
350

350(4/5) = 280

-350(3/5) = -210

2M

3M

1M

O
4M

AND B: (A) ABOUT PT.O; (B) ABOUT PT.P.

2
M

SOLUTION:

F2
=

4M

TABLE A
TABLE
NT B

COMPONE

MOMENT AR
FROM PT.O

MOMENT ABOUT
PT. O

COMPONE
NT

MOMENT AR
FROM PT.O

MOMENT ABOUT
PT. O

353.5534

-353.5534

353.5534

-2474.8738

353.5534

-1414.2136

353.5534

-3181.9806

280

-1120

280

560

210

M = -420
-3307.767

210

M
630= -4466.8544

(-) DENOTES COUNTERCLOCKWISE

DIRECTION.

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE - 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 6: IF THE MAN AT B EXERTS A FORCE OF P = 30 LB. ON HIS ROPE,

DETERMINE THE MAGNITUDE OF THE FORCE F THE MAN AT C UST EXERT TO
PREVENT THE POLE FROM TIPPING, I.E., SO THE RESULTANT MOMENT ABOUT A OF
BOTH FORCES IS ZERO.
SOLUTION:
USING MO = 180 FT.LB. (CW)
6
FT

180 FT.LB. = FX(3FT) THEN, FX = 60 LB.

P

USING MB = 90 FT.LB. (CCW)

-90 FT.LB. = 60 LB.(3FT) + FY(6FT) THEN,

= 45 LB

45

12
FT

PROB. 7: DETERMINE THE MAGNITUDE

AND DIRECTION OF THE MOMENT OF THE
KN FORCE ABOUT EACH OF THE
FOLLOWING AXES: (A)AB; (B) CD; (C) CG; (D)
CH; AND (E) EG.

FY
C

20
20 KN
B

SOLUTION:

2.5
M

MAB = -20(3) = -60 KN.M (CCW)

MCD = -20(3) = -60 KN.M (CCW)

2M

H
E

MCG = 20(2.5) = 50 KN.M (FORWARD)

3M

MCH = 0 (THE FORCE INTERSECTS AXIS CH)

MEG = 0 (THE FORCE IS PARALLEL TO AXIS EG)
PROB. 8: THE COMBINED MOMENT OF THE THREE FORCES IS ZERO ABOUT BOTH
THE AXIS AA AND THE AXIS BB. DETERMINE THE DISTANCES X O AND YO.
SOLUTION:
MAA = MBB = 0

4
6
A
X
60 B M
MOK
Y
N

MAA = 0 = 40KN(YO) 20KN(6M-YO) 30KN(4M-YO)

YO = 2.67M
MBB = 0 = -40KN(XO) 20KN(XO) + 30KN(6M-XO)
XO = 2M

2
0
K
A
N
4
M

B
3
0
K
X
N

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 9: THE FLAT PLATE SHOWN IN THE FIGURE BELOW IS ACTED ON BY THE
THREE COUPLES. REPLACE THE THREE COUPLES BY: (A) A COUPLE VECTOR; (B) TWO
FORCES, ONE ACTING ALONG THE DASHED LINE AT PT.O AND THE OTHER ACTING AT
PT.A; (C) THE SMALLEST PAIR OF FORCES, WITH ONE OF THE FORCES ACTING AT
PT.O AND THE OTHER AT PT. A.
SOLUTION:
A) CT = +35NM +60N(0.5M) -150N(0.3) =
20NM(CW)
B) sin 30 =
d/0.8; d = 0.4

0.3 M

C= 20NM = Fd

0.8

C) C = 20NM =
F(0.8)
F = 25 N

0.8

150
N
F

F = 50 N
A

60
N

60
N

150
N

0.1M

0.2 M

0.4 M

0.3 M

0.5 M

35 N.M

0.4 M
30

PROB. 10: THE BRACKET WHICH IS FASTENED TO THE WALL BY ANCHOR BOLTS AT
A AND B IS LOADED BY THE FORCE P= 100 N AND THE COUPLE C = 120 NM.
REPLACE P AND C WITH
(A) AN EQUIVALENT FORCE COUPLE SYSTE, THE FORCE OF WHICH ACTS AT A; AND
(B) TWO VERTICAL FORCES, ONE ACTING AT A AND THE OTHER AT B.
SOLUTION:

(A)
A) CA
= -120NM + 100N (0.7M) = -50NM (CCW)
B) 50NM = F (0.15) THEN F = 333.33N
-100N + 333.33N = 233.33 N (UPWARD)
(B)

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE- 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

CHAPTER 4: RESULTANTS OF COPLANAR FORCE SYSTEMS

PROB. 1: FIND THE RESULTANT OF THE CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM. THE ANGLE
WHICH EACH FORCE MAKES WITH THE X-AXIS (MEASURED COUNTERCLOCKWISE) IS
GIVEN.
FORCE

85

126

65

223

38

142

169

295

SOLUTION:

FOR
CE

X-COMPONENT

Y-COMPONENT

85

85cos38 =
66.9809

85sin38 =
52.3312

126

-126cos38 =
-99.2894

126sin38 =
77.5733

65

-65cos38 =
-66.9809

65sin38 =
40.010

223

223cos65 =
94.2439

223sin65 =
202.1066

126

85

65 38
11

38
38 X

65

R
223

FX = -1.8703
FY = -59.8287
2

2
Y

R = SQRT. (FX + F ) = 59.8287

= 88.2086

THE RESULTANT LIES IN QIII. ITS

ANGLE IS 180 + 88.2086 =
268.2086(CCW) FROM THE X-AXIS

PROB. 2: THE RESULTANT OF THREE FORCES IS 60 N AS SHOWN. TWO OF THE

THREE FORCES ARE ALSO SHOWN AS 120 N AND 65 N. DETERMINE THE THIRD
FORCE.
SOLUTION:
RX = 60 sin46 = 43.1604 (TO THE LEFT)
RX = FX =-120cos70 + 65 + F3X
-43.1604 = -120cos70 + 65 + F3X THEN F3X =
67.1180 (TO THE LEFT)
RY = -60cos46 = 41.6785 (DOWNWARD)
RY = FY = 120sin70 + F3Y
F3Y = 154.4426 (DOWNWARD)
F3 = SQRT.(F3X2 + F3Y2) = 168.3964 N

120
N
70

46
R = 60
N

65
N

 = 66.5111 OR 246.5111(CCW FROM X-AXIS)

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 3: REPLACE THER FORCE SYSTEM BY AN EQUIVALENT RESULTANT FORCE

AND SPECIFY ITS POINT OF APPLICATION, MEASURED ALONG THE Y-AXIS FROM PT.O.
SOLUTION:
R = FX = (4+2+3) KN = 9KN (TO THE RIGHT)
9KN y = 4KN (4) + 2KN (2)
3KN (1)

2M
2K
N
2M

Y = 1.89 M
PROB. 4: DETERMINE THE RESULTANT OF THE
COPLANAR PARALLEL SYSTEM SHOWN.

SOLUTION:
R = -10 20 30 40 = -100N
X1 = 20cos20 = 18.7939MM

1M
40N

10N 20N

X2 = 30cos20 = 28.1908MM

3K
N

40MM

20

3K
N

30
10N 20N
N 40MM
30M
20M
X
M
M
X

X
1

20

Rx = F(x)
100x = 20(18.7939) + 30(18.7939 + 28.1908) + 40(18.7939 +
28.1908 + 37.5877)
X = 51.6832MM (MEASURE HORIZONTALLY TO THE RIGHT OF A)
51.6832/sin20 = 55MM
PROB. 5: THE RESULTANT OF FOUR VERTICAL FORCES IS A COUPLE OF 300NM
(CCW). THREE OF THE FOUR COUPLES ARE SHOWN. DETERMINE THE FOURTH.

C = 300NM (CCW)
R=O = F
0 = -40 20 + 27 F4
THEN F4 = -33N
C=-300 = (20x2.5) (27x7.5) (33x4)
X4 = 4.4697M TO THE RIGHT OF O.

R
X

1M

X3 = 40cos20 = 37.5877MM

SOLUTION:

4K
N

2M
2K
N
2M
X

30N

30MM
20MM

4K
N

40N

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 6: DETERMINE THE RESULTANT OF THE FOUR FORCES SHOWN. THE SIDE OF
EACH SMALL SQUARE IS 1M.
SOLUTION:
R = F = 25 + 20 50 + 40 = 35N

(UPWARD)

PT.O AS MOMENT CENTER:

R x = F(x)
-35x = (-20x1) + (50x2) (40 x4)
X = 2.2857M TO THE RIGHT OF O.
PROB. 7: A THIN STEEL PLATE IS SUBJECTED TO THE THREE FORCES SHOWN. WHAT
SINGLE FORCE WOULD HAVE
AN EQUIVALENT EFFECT ON
8M
THE PLATE?
19
N

SOLUTION:
FX = -19N + 24N = 5N(TO
THE RIGHT)
FY = -18N (DOWNWARD)
R = SQRT. (FX2 + FY2)
R = 18.6815 N (DOWNWARD
RIGHT)
18ix
= -19 x 4
ix = -4.2222M
5y = -19 x 4
y = -15.2M

4M

18
N

24
N

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 8: DETERMINE THE RESULTANT OF THE FORCES SHOWN. THE COORDINATES

ARE IN FEET.
SOLUTION:
FX = 75cos40 88cos60 100cos70 =
-20.7487LB (LEFT)
FY = 75sin40 + 40 + 88sin60 100sin70 =
70.45LB (UPWARD)
R = SQRT.( FX2 + FY2) = 73.4419
= FY/ FX = 73.5894 OR 106.4106 (CCW
FROM X-AXIS)
70.45i x = 593.4693
ix = 8.424 FT. (TO THE LEFT OF O)
20.7487iy = 28.6028 FT. (BELOW O)

PROB. 9: THE VALUES OF RX = FX, RY = FY, AND MO FOR FOUR FORCE SYSTEMS
LYING ON THE XY PLANE ARE GIVEN IN THE FOLLOWING TABLE. PT.O IS THE ORIGIN
OF THE COORDINATE SYSTEM, AND POSITIVE MOMENTS ARE CLOCKWISE.
DETERMINE THE RESULTANT OF EACH FORCE SYSTEM, AND SHOW IT ON A SKETCH
OF THE COORDINATE SYSTEM.
PAR
T

RX

RY

MO

300N

900NM

200N

200N

800NM

SOLUTION:

MO =

RX = R = 300N
-300(d) = 900NM
(CCW)
d = 3M

PART 1:

d= 3M

900NM

R = 300N

O
MO =
800NM

PART 2:
R = SQRT. [(200)2 + (200)2] = 282.84 (DOWNWARD RIGHT)
= 45

R=
282.84N

FROM MO = 800NM (CW)

800NM = 282.84N(d)
d = 2.83M

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 10: THE RESULTANT OF FOUR FORCES, OF WHICH THREE ARE SHOWN, IS
390LBS. ACTING DOWN TO THE RIGHT WITH A SLOPE OF 5 TO 12 THROUGH PT.A. IF
P = 150N AND F = 130N, DETERMINE THE MISSING FORCE T AND ITS X-INTERCEPT.
DIMENSIONS OF EACH BLOCK IS 1M BY 1M.
SOLUTION:
RX = 390(5/13) = 150
RY = 390(12/13) = 360
RX = FX = 150 = P + 100(3/5) + TX = 150 + 60 +TX
TX = -60N (LEFT)
RY = = FY = -360 = F + 100(4/5) + TY = 130 + 80 +TY
TY = -310 (DOWNWARD)
T = SQRT. [{60}2+ (310)2] = 315.75N
= 79.05
150(2) 360(3) = 150(4) + 130(2) + 310(i X)
iX = 1.68M TO THE RIGHT OF PT.O.

CHAPTER 5: EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEM

PROB. 1: DRAW THE FREE BODY DIAGRAM OF THE BEAM SHOWN AND DETERMINE
THE REACTIONS AT THE SUPPORTS.
SOLUTION:
RAX = 0
MB = 0 (CW)
RAY (3) [300N/M x 1.5(0.75 + 1. 5)] = 0
RAY = 337.5N
MA = 0 (CCW)
-RB (3) + [300N/M x 1.5(0.75)] = 0
RB = 112.5N

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE- 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 2: THREE SPHERES EACH WITH 2KG MASS AND EACH 350MM IN DIAMETER
REST IN A BOX 760MM WIDE. FIND (A) THE REACTION OF B ON A; (B) THE REACTION
OF THE WALL ON C; AND (C) THE REACTION OF THE FLOOR ON B.
SOLUTION:
FROM SPHERE A: FH = 0
NAB(COS54.15) - NAC(COS54.15) = 0
NAB = NAC
A

FV = 0
-2KG + NAB(sin54.15) + NAC(sin54.15) = 0
NAB = NAC = 1.23KG = 12.1N

C
760M
M

FROM SPHERE C: FH = 0
12.10COS54.15 - NCW = 0
NCW = 7.09N
FRO SPHERE B: FV = 0
NBF = -2KG(9.81N) 12.1sin54.15 = 0
NBF 29.43N
PROB. 3: COMPUTE THE TENSION T IN THE CABLE AND THE HORIZONTAL AND THE
VERTICAL COMPONENTS OF THE REACTION AT A. NEGLECT THE WEIGHT OF THE
BOOM AND THE SIZE OF THE PULLEY AT D. THE UNITS OF FORCE AND LENGTH ARE
NEWTONS AND METERS, RESECTIVELY.
SOLUTION:
MA = 0
200(2) + 100(6) T(2/2.2361)(4) = 0
T = 279.51N
FH = 0
RAX (279.5 x 1/ 2.2361) = 0
RAX = 125N
MC = 0
RAY (4) 200(2) + 100(2) = 0
RAY = 50N

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 4: DETERMINE THE FORCE P, F AND T REQUIRED TO KEEP THE TRIANGULAR

FRAME ABC IN EQUILIBRIUM.
SOLUTION:
MB = 0
-T(8) + 3600(12)
T = 5400N
PX = P(3/3.1623); PY = P(1/3.1623)
FX = F(3/3.6056); FY = F(2/3.1623)
MC = 0
3600(12) + F(3/3.6056)(8) P(3/3.1623)(8) = 0
[1]
MA = 0
1200(12) + F(2/3.6056)(8) + P(1/3.1623)(12)
P(3.1623)(8) =0 [2]
SIMPLIFYING [1] & [2]
21600 + (12/3.6056)F = (12/3.1623)P
14400 + (48/3.6056)F = (12/3.1623)P
P = 6324.56N; F = 721.11N
PROB. 5: DETERMINE THE REACTIONS AT THE CANTILEVER SUPPORT OF THE
UNIFORM BEAM.
SOLUTION:
FV = 0
RAY 1.6KN 1.3KN + 1.6KN = 0

1.6K
3.6M
1.2MN

RAY = 1.3KN
MA = 0
-MA + 1.6(1.2) (1.6)2.8 + 1.3(4.8) = 0
MA = 3.68 KNM

1.3K
N
B

A
2.8M
1.6K
N

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 6: NEGLECTING THE MASS OF THE BEAM, COPUTE THE REACTIONS.

SOLUTION:
MB = 0
RA(12) + 2(9) 12 1/2(1)(6)(2) = 0

2K
N

RA = 0

1KN/
M

12KN
M

MA = 0
-RBY(12) 2(3) 12 + (1)(6)(10) = 0

B
3M

3M

6M

RBY = 1 KN
PROB. 7: THE 180KG CRATE IS SUPPORTED BY THREE ROPES CONCURRENT AT B.
FIND THE FORCES IN ROPES AB AND BC
IF P = 2.06KN.
SOLUTION:
FH = 0
-TBA - TBCcos60 + 2.06cos30 = 0
TBA =2.06cos30 - TBCcos60 [1]
FV = 0
TBCsin60 180/1000(9.81)(1) 2.06sin30
=0
TBC = 3.23KN
FROM [1]:
TBA = 0.17KN
PROB. 8: A WEIGHT OF 100LB IS SUSPENDED BY A ROPE FROM A CEILING. A
HORIZONTAL FORCE PULLS THE WEIGHT UNTIL THE ROPE MAKES AN ANGLE OF 70
WITH THE CEILING. FIND THE HORIZONTAL FORCE H AND THE TENSION T IN THE
ROPE.
SOLUTION:

CEILING

FV = 0
Tsin70 100 = 0
T = 106.4178LB
FH = 0
106.42cos70 + H = 0

70
H

100L
B

100L
B

70

100L
B

H = 36.4 LB.

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 9: THREE CONCURRENT FORCES HAVE MAGNITUDES OF 40, 60 AND 50 N,

RESECTIVELY. DETERMINE THE ANGLES AMONG THEM THAT WILL PRODUCE A STATE
OF EQUILIBRIUM.
SOLUTION:
402 = 502 - 602 (2)(50)(60)COS
3 = 41.41
40/sin41.41 = 50/sin2 = 60/sin1
2 = 55.77
1 = 82.82
1 = 180 1 = 180 82.82 = 97.18
2 = 180 2 = 127.23
3 = 180 3 = 138.59
PROB. 10: WHAT HORIZONTAL FORCE THROUGH THE CENTER IS NECESSARY TO
START A 20KG WHEEL OF 1M DIAMETER OVER A BLOCK 150MM HIGH? AT THE
MOMENT MOTION IPENDS, THE FORCE BETWEEN THE WHEEL AND THE GROUND IS
ZERO. NOTE ALSO THAT THE REACTION OF THE BLOCK ON THE WHEEL UST PASS
THROUGH THE CENTER OF THE WHEEL.
SOLUTION:
Sin = 350/500
= 44.43
FV = 0
Rsin 44.43 - 20 = 0
R = 28.65 KG
FH = 0

500MM

FH 28.65COS44.43 = 0
350MM

FH = 20.46KG = 200.73N

150MM

20
KG

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

CHAPTER 6: ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES

PROB. 1: DETERMINE THE FORCE IN EACH MEMBEROF THE TRUSS CAUSED BY THE
500N LOAD.
SOLUTION:
MD = 0
RAY(4) 500(2) =
0
RAY = 250N
MA = 0
-RD(4) + 500(2)
=0
RD =250N
JT.A:
FV = 0

FH = O

250 - FAV(3/5) = 0

FAC =416.67(4/5) = 0

FAV = 416.67 N (C)

FAC = 333.33N (T)

JT.C:
FH = 0

FV = 0

-333.33N - FCD = 0

FCB 500N = 0

FCD = 333.33 N (T)

FCB = 500N (T)

JT.B:

CHECK:

FH = 0

FV = 0

416.67N(4/5) FBD(4/5) = 0

416.67(3/5) 500 +
416.67(3/5) = 0

FBD =416.67N (C)

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 2: DETERMINE THE FORCES IN ALL MEMBERS OF THE TRUSS.

SOLUTION:
MA = 0
RE (16/COS30) + (4)(8) + (2)
(16) = 0
RE = 3.4641 KN (UPWARD)
ME = 0
RA(16/COS30) (4)(8) (2)(16)
=0
RA = 3.3641 KN (UPWARD)
FH = 0
RAX (2+4+2)sin30 = 0
RAX = 4KN (TO THE RIGHT)
JT. A
FV = 0

FH = 0

-FABsin60 + 3.4641 = 0

-4COS60 + 4 KN +
FAD = 0

FAB = 4KN (C)

FAD = -2KN (C)

JT.B
FH = 0

FV = 0

-FBDCOS 60 + 4 2 = 0

FBC 4sin60 = 0

FBD = 4KN (T)

FBC = 3.4641KN (C)

JT.C
FCE = 3.4641KN (C)
FCD = 4KN (C)
JT.D
FH = 0
FDE + 2 4COS60 - 4COS60 = 0
FDE = 2KN (T)
JT. E
FV = 0 = 3.4641 3.4641(sin30)
2sin60 = 0

FH = 0 = -2 -2COS60 +
3.4641COS30 = 0

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 3: DETERMINE THE FORCE IN EACH MEMBER OF THE TRUSS.

SOLUTION:
JT. A
FV= 0

FH = 0

-130(12/13) + FAC (4/5) = 0

FAB 150(3/5) -130(5/13) = 0

FAC = 150 (C)

FAB = 140 (T)

JT.B
FH = 0

FV = 0

FBD 140 = 0; FBD = 140 (T)

FBC = 0

JT. C
FV = 0

FH = 0

-150(4/5) + FCD(4/5) = 0

--FCE + 150(3/5) +150(3/5) = 0

FCD = 150 (T)

FCE = 180 (C)

JT. D
FV = 0

FH = 0

FDE 150(4/5) = 0; FDE =

120 (C)

-FDF = 230 (T)

JT.E
FV = 0

FH = 0

RE 120 30(4/5) = 0

-FEF(3/5) + 180 = 0

RE = 360 (UPWARD)

FEF = 300 (C)

JT. F
FV = 0

FH = 0

-RFY + 300(4/5) = 0

-230 + 300(3/5) - RFX = 0

RFY = 240 (DOWNWARD)

RFX = -50 (TO THE RIGHT)

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 4: DETERMINE THE FORCE IN MEMBER BF AND INDICATE WHETHER IT IS

TENSION OR COMPRESSION.
SOLUTION:
FH = 0
15 - RAX = 0
RAX = 15 KN (TO THE LEFT)
MA = 0
-RE(12) + 15(4) + 80(9) = 0
RE = 65KN (UPWARD)
ME = 0
RAY(12) + 15(4) 80(3) = 0

RAY

RAY = 15KN (UPWARD)

MB = 0
15(4) - FAF(3/3.6056)(4) = 0
FAF = 18.03KN (T)
FV = 0
15 + 18.03(2/3.6056) (FBC)(4/5) = 0
FBC = 31.23KN (C)
FH = 0
15 15 - FBF (31.23)(3/5) + (18.03)(3/3.6056) = 0
FBF = -3.74KN
PROB. 5: DETERMINE THE FORCE IN MEMBERS BF, BG
AND AB OF THE TRUSS AND STATE IF THE MEMBERS
ARE IN TENSION OR COMPRESSION.
SOLUTION:
FH = 0
5 + 10 +10 - RAX = 0
RAX = 25 KN (TO THE LEFT)
RAY

RG

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

MG = 0
-RAY(4) + 5(12) + 10(12) = 0
RAY = 45 KN (DOWNWARD)
MA = 0
-RG(4) + (5)(4) + (5)(12) + (10)
(12) = 0
MG = 0
FAB(4) (45)(4) = 0
FAF = 45KN (T)
MF = 0
45(4) (45)(4) + 25(4) - FBG(1/1.414)(4) = 0
FBG = 35.3553KN (C)
PROB. 6: DETERMINE THE FORCE IN MEMBERS GF, GD AND CD OF THE TRUSS AND
STATE IF THE MEMBERS ARE IN
a
TENSION OR COMPRESSION.
SOLUTION:
MD = 0
a

-FGF(3) + 240(4) + 100(3) = 0

FGF = 420 (C)
MG = 0

MC = 0

-FCD(4/4.1231)(4) + 240(8) = 0

-FGD(4/5)(4) 420(4) + 240(8) + 100(4)

=0

FCD = 494.7727 (T)

FGD = 200 (C)

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 7: THE CENTER PANEL OF THE TRUSS CONTAINS TWO FLEXIBKE CABLES.
WHAT LOAD P WILL CAUSE A COMPRESSIVE FORCE OF 2000 LB IN BD? THEN
DETERMINE WHICH TENSION DIAGONAL BE OR CD IS ACTING AND THE FORCE IN IT.
SOLUTION:

FH = 0
RAX = 0
MF = 0
RAY(3L) P(2L) = 0
RAY = 2/3P
MA = 0

a
RAY

-RF(3L) + P(L) = 0
RF = P/3
FH = 0
FCE = 2000 P/3
MB = 0
2/3P(L) (2000 P/3)L P/3(L) = 0
P = 3000
FCDX = FCDY = P/3 = 1000
FCD = 1414.21 LB.
PROB. 8: NEGLECTING FRICTION AND THE
WEIGHTS OF THE
MEMBERS, COMPUTE THE MAGNITUDE OF
THE PIN REACTIONS AT A AND C FOR THE
FOLDING TABLE SHOWN.
SOLUTION:
ME = 0
RD(1.6) (300)(1)(0.5) = 0
RD = 93.75N
MD = 0
-RE(1.6) + (300)(1)(1.1) = 0
RE = 206.25N

RF

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

MB = 0
RAY(1.6) (300)(1)(0.5) = 0
RAY = 93.75N
MA = 0
-RBY(1.6) + (300)(1)(1.1) = 0
RBY = 206.25 N

FV = 0

93.75N + RCY 206.25 = 0

(206.25)(0.8) - RBX(0.6) + 93.75(0.8) = 0
RBX = 400N
FH = 0
RCX 400 = 0

RCY = 112.50N
RC = SQRT. [ (400)2 + (112.5)2 ] = 415.5193N
FH = 0

-RAX + 400 = 0; RA = SQRT [(400)2 + (93.75)2] =

410.8395N
PROB. 9: DETERMINE THE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL COMPONENTS OF FORCE
THAT PINS A AND EXERT ON THE FRAME.
RCX = 400N

SOLUTION:
FH = 0
RAX - RCX = 0 [1]
MC = 0
RAY(2.1) RAX(0.1) 500(1.6) =
0 [2]
MA = 0
-RBX(0.9) (RBY)(0.9) + (500)(0.5) = 0 [3]
MA = 0
-RBX(0.9) - RBY(0.9) + (500)(0.5) = 0 [4]
FH = 0
RBX - RCX = 0
RBX = RCX [5A]
FV = 0
-RBY + RCY = 0
RBY = RCY [5B]

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

-RCX(0.9) - RCY(0.9) + 250 = 0

RCX =[ 250 (0.9RCY)]/0.9 (6)
-RCY(2.1) [0.1(250 0.9RCY)/0.9] = -250
RCY = 111.111N

PROB. 10: DETERMINE THE REACTIONS AT

THE SUPPORTS.
SOLUTION:
MA = 0
-RB(5) + (1000)(2.5) = 0 THEN RB =
500
RBX = 300 AND RBY = 400
FH = 0
1000(3/5) - RAX 300 = 0 THEN RAX = 300
FV = 0
-1000(4/5) + RAY + 400 = 0 THEN RAY
= 400
MD = 0
(-400)(3) + RC = 0 THEN RC = 1200
FH = 0
RDX 300 = 0 THEN RDX = 300
FV = 0
1200 - RDY 400 = 0 THEN RDY = 800

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

CHAPTER 7: FRICTION
PROB. 1: THE UNIFORM
CRATE
SHOWN
HAS
A
WEIGHT OF 200 N. IF A
FORCE P = 70N IS APPLIED
TO THE CRATE, DETERMINE
IF
IT
REMAINS
IN
EQUILIBRIUM.
THE
COEFFICIENT
OF
STATIC
FRICTION IS S = 0.3.

30

SOLUTION:
FH = 0
(70 COS30) F = 0; F =
60.6218N
FV = 0
-(70SIN30) + N 200 = 0; N = 235N
FMAX = N = 0.3 235 = 70.5N
SINCE FMAX

F, THEN THERE IS NO SLIDING.

MO = 0
(70COS30 0.2M) (70SIN30 0.35M) ( 235 X) = 0 THEN X = -0.5347MM
SINCE THE VALUE OF X IS NEGATIVE, THE NORMAL FORCE N ACTS SLIGHTLY TO THE
LEFT OF THE CRATES CENTER LINE.
THERE IS NO TIPPING SINCE X

0.35M.

PROB. 2: A PERSON CAN PULL HORIZONTALLY WITH A

FORCE OF 100 LB. AN 800-LB WEIGHT IS RESTING ON A
HORIZONTAL SURFACE FOR WHICH THE COEFFICIENT
OF FRICTION IS 0.20. THE VERTICAL CABLE OF A CRANE
IS ATTACHED TO THE TOP AS SHOWN. WHAT WILL BE
THE TENSION IN THE CABLE IF THE PERSON IS JUST
ABLE TO START THE BLOCK TO THE RIGHT?
SOLUTION:
FH = 0
100 F = 0 THEN F = 100N
FOR IMPENDING MOTION,

F = N = 100 = (0.2) N

THEREFORE N = 500N

FV = 0
T 100 + 500 = 0 THEN T = 300N

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE - 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 3: BLOCK A HAVING A MASS OF 45 KG RESTS ON BLOCK B HAVING A MASS

OF 90 KG AND IS TIED WITH A HORIZONTAL STRING TO THE WALL AT C. IF THE
COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION BETWEEN A AND B IS AND BETWEEN B AND THE
SURFACE IS 1/3, WHAT HORIZONTAL FORCE P IS NECESSARY TO MOVE THE BLOCK?
SOLUTION:
BLOCK A
FV = 0
-45 + N1 = 0 THEN N2 = 45KG
F2 = N2 = (45) = 11.25KG
BLOCK B
FV = 0
-45 90 + N1 = 0 THEN N1 = 135KG
F1 = 1/3 N1 = 1/3 (135) = 45KG
FH = 0
P F2 F1 = 0
P 11.25 135 =0 THEN P = 56.25KG = 552N
PROB. 4: A UNIFORM BAR AB, 10 FT LONG AND
WEIGHING 280 LB, IS HINGED AT B AND RESTS
UPON A 400-LB BLOCK AT A. IF THE COEFFICIENT
OF FRICTION IS 0.40 AT ALL CONTACT SURFACES,
FIND THE HORIZONTAL FORCE P REQUIRED TO
START MOVING THE 400-LB BLOCK.
SOLUTION:
BAR AB
MB = 0
(NA X 8) (FA X 6) (280 X 4) = 0
BUT FA = 0.4NA THEN NA = 200

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

CHAPTER 9: MOMENT OF INERTIA

PROB. 1: A RECTANGLE HAS A BASE OF 2CM AND A HEIGHT OF 6 CM. CALCULATE
ITS OENT OF INERTIA (BY INTEGRATION) THROUGH
THE CENTER OF GRAVITY AND PARALLEL TO THE
x
BASE.
3C
M

SOLUTION:

d
y 6CM
X

Ixx = y2 dA

3C
M

dA = (x)dy but x = 2cm

dA = 2(dy)

2CM

Ixx = 3-3y2 (2)dy = 2(y3/3)3-3 = 36 mm4

PROB. 2: DETERMINE THE MOMENT OF INERTIA OF THE COMPOSITE FIGURE ABOUT
THE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL CENTROIDAL AXES.
SOLUTION:

Y
a

FIGUR
E

ARE
A

Ix

Iy

2a2

2a

a(2a)3/1
2=
(2/3)a4

a4/6

3a2

0.5a

a4/4

a4/4

TOTAL

5a2

2
a

a
X
1.5
a

X=0
Y = (2a2)(2a) + (3a2)(0.5a)/ 5a2 = 1.1a

Ixx = I +Ad2
Ixx = I1 + AdY12 + I2 + AdY22

0.5
a

= 2/3 a4 + 2a2(0.9)2 + a4/4 + 3a2(0.6a)2 =

3.62a4

2
a

C1

2
a

IYY = I1 + I2 = 2a(a)3/12 + a(3a)3/12 = 2.42a4

Y
a

C0

a
1.5a
0.5a

a
X

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 3: FIND THE DISTANCE h FOR WHICH THE MOMENT OF INERTIA OF THE
PLANE REGION ABOUT THE U-AXIS EQUAL: 120x10 9MM, GIVEN THAT A = 100 x 103
AND IX = 13.92 x 109MM2.
SOLUTION:
C

IX = IC +Ad2
IC = IX -Ad2 = (13.92 x 109) (100 x 103)(300MM)2 =
4.92 x 109MM4
IU = IC + A(300 +h)2 = 120 x 109 = (4.92 x 109)+(100
103)(300 +h)2

AREA =
A

300M
M X
h
u
x

h = 772.7535MM
PROB. 4: DETERMINE THE MOMENTS OF INERTIA OF THE SHADED AREA ABOUT THE
X- AND Y-AXES.
SOLUTION:
FIGU
RE

ARE
A

IX

dy

IY

dx

6x
6=
36

108

108

x
3x
6=
9

18

4.5

6+
1/3(
3) =
7

x
6x
9=
27

54

-2

121.
5

2/3(
9) =
6

IX = (IX + A dy2) = [108 + 36(3)2] + [18 +

(9)(2)2] + [54 + (27)(-2)2 = 648 in4
IY = (IY + Adx2) = [108 + (36)(3)2] + [4.5
+ (9)(7)2] + [121.5 + (27)(6)2] = 1971 in.4

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 5: THE CROSS SECTION OF A CULVERT IS SHOWN. COMPUTE THE MOMENT

OF INERTIA ABOUT THE HORIZONTAL X-AXIS.
SOLUTION:

3
FIGURE

AREA

IX

dy

IX = IX + Ady2

6 x 12 = 72

(12)(6)3/12 =
216

4-3 = 1

288

1/2(4)2 =
25.1327

(0.1098)(4)4
= 28.1088

4-1.70 = 2.30

161.0608

2(1/2) x 3 x 6
= 18

(2)(3)(6)3 / 36
= 36

36

PROB. 6: A HOLLOW SQUARE CROSS-SECTION CONSISTS ON AN 8 x 8 SQUARE

FROM WHICH IS SUBSTRACTED A CONCENTRICALLY LOCATED SQUARE 4 x 4. FIND
THE POLAR MOMENT OF INERTIA AND THE POLAR RADIUS OF GYRATION WITH
RESPECT TO A Z-AXIS ASSING THROUGH ONE OF THE OUTSIDE CORNERS.
SOLUTION:
JZ = JC + Ad2
JC = [8(8)3/12 (4)(4)3/12] +
[(8)3(8)/12 (4)3(4)12]=640 IN4
d = SQRT. (42 + 42) = 5.6569
JZ = 640 + [(8)2 (4)2](5.6569)2 =
2176 IN.4
kZ = SQRT.(JZ/A) = 6.733

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 7: A CIRCULAR REGION OF RADIUS R IS CUT OUT FROM THE CIRCULAR

REGION OF RADIUS R AS SHOWN. FOR WHAT DISTANCE d WILL k X FOR THE REGION
BEFORE THE CUTOUT WAS REMOVED?
SOLUTION:
LET A1 = CIRCULAR REGION WITH RADIUS R
A2 = CIRCULAR REGION WITH RADIUS 1/2R
kX1 = RADIUS OF GYRATION BEFORE THE CUTOUT WAS
REMOVED
kx2 = RADIUS OF GYRATION FOR THE NEW REGION
FOR A1:
A1 = R2
IX1 = R4/4
FOR A2:
A2 = R2 (R/2)2= 0.75R2
IX2 = R4/4 [(/4)(R/2)4 + (R/2)2d2] = R2/4(R2 R2/16 d2)
SQRT.(IX1/A1) = SQRT. (IX2/A2)
0.75R2 = R2 R2/16 d2
d2 = R2 R2/16 d2
d2 = 0.433R
PROB.8: DETERMINE THE RADIUS OF GYRATION
ky OF THE PARABOLIC AREA.
SOLUTION:

Y = 0.1(1600 x2)
160

ky = SQRT. (IY/A)
IY = x2dA
dA = (y)dx

40

dA = (0.1)(1600 x2)dx = (160 0.1x2)dx

IY = (160x3/3 0.1x5/5)40-40 = 2.73 x 106MM4
dA = ydx = (160x 0.1x3/3)40-40 = 8533.33MM2
ky = SQRT.(2.73 x 106/8533.33) = 17.89MM

Y = 0.1(1600 x2)
y
x
dX
40

160

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 9: CALCULATE THE PRODUCT OF INERTIA OF A RECTANGLE WITH A BASE OF

100MM AND A HEIGHT OF 80MM ABOUT TWO ADJACENT SIDES.
SOLUTION:
PXY = xy(dA)
Y

dA = (dx)(dy)
PXY = 0100080xy(dx)(dy) = (x2/2)0100(y2/2)080 = 16 x 106
PROB. 10: DETERMINE THE IX, IY, AND IXY FOR THE X,
AXES THAT PASSES THROUGH THE CENTROID OF THE
UNEQUAL ANGLE SHOWN IN THE FIGURE.

50
MM

SOLUTION:
FIG. AREA

IX

dy

IY

dx

(50)
(200)3/12
= 33.33 x
106

100
62.5 =
32.5

2.08
x 106

87.5
25 =
62.5

(50) 3
(200)/12 =
2.08 x 106

62.5
25 =
37.5

33.3
3x
106

50(200
) = 103

200(50
) = 103

d
A

10
x0
y

250 MM

150
87.5
=
62.5

x = (103x 25) + (103x150)/2 x 103 =

87.5MM

IY = (IY +AdX2)= 113.54 x 106MM4

IXY = -20.3125 x 106MM4
IXY = -26.5625 x 106MM4

50
MM

IX = (IX +AdY2)= 60.04 x 106MM4

200
MM

y = (103x100)+(103 x25)/2x103 =
62.5MM

8
0

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

BLOCK
FV = 0
N 200 400 = 0 THEN N = 600
F = 0.4N THEN F = 240
FH = 0
P FA F = 0
P (0.4 X 200) -240 = 320
PROB. 5: THE 60-KG CRATE HAS ITS
CENTER OF GRAVITY AT G. DETERMINE THE
SMALLEST FORCE P THAT WILL INITIATE
MOTION.
SOLUTION:
CHECK FOR SLIDING:
FV = 0
N 60KG (9.81 N/KG) = 0
N = 588.6 N
F = 0.3N = 176.58N
FH = 0
PF=0
P = 176.58N
CHECK FOR TIPPING:
MO = 0
(P X 1.2M) (588.6N X 0.4M) = 0
P = 196.2N
THE SMALLEST P THAT WILL CAUSE MOTION IS 176.8N

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 6: CUBE A HAVING A MASS OF 8 KG IS 100 MM ON A SIDE. ANGLE = 15.

IF THE COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION IS , WILL THE CUBE OR TIP AS THE FORCE P IS
GRADUALLY INCREASED?
SOLUTION:
(A) SLIDING
FV = 0
-(8COS15) + N = 0
N = 7.7274KG
F = N = (7.7274) = 1.9319KG
FH = 0
P (8SIN15) - 1.9319 = 0
P = 4.0025KG = 39.2641N
(B) TIPPING
(P X 100MM) (8SIN15 X 50MM) - (8COS15 X
50MM) = 0
P = 4.8990KG = 48.059N
PROB. 7: A HOMOGENEOUS LADDER 18 FT LONG AND
WEIGHING 120 LB RESTS AGAINST A SMOOTH WALL. THE
ANGLE BETWEEN THE LADDER AND THE FLOOR IS 70. THE
COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION BETWEEN THE FLOOR AND THE
LADDER IS 1/4 . HOW FAR UP THE LADDER CAN A 180-LB
PERSON WALK BEFORE THE LADDER SLIPS?
SOLUTION:
LET L = DISTANCE ALONG THE LADDER THAT THE MAN CAN
WALK BEFORE THE LADDER SLIPS.
Y1 = 18SIN70 = 16.9145FT
X1 = 9COS70 = 3.0782FT
FV = 0
N 120 180 = 0
N = 300

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

FOR IMPENDING SLIPPING OF THE LADDER,

F = N = (300) = 75
SOLVING FOR L,
MB = 0
-(F X Y1) + (N X 18COS70) (120 X X1)
(180 X X2) = 0
-(75 X 16.9145) + (300 X 18COS70) (120
X 3.0782) (180 X X2) = 0
X2 = 1.1608FT
L=
18
= 14.6062FT

PROB. 8: DETERMINE THE RANGE OF P FOR

WHICH THE SYSTEM OF TWO BLOCKS WILL
BE IN EQUILIBRIUM. FRICTION IS NEGLIGIBLE
EXCEPT FOR THE SURFACE UNDER BLOCK B
( = 0.2).
SOLUTION:
CONSIDER MOTION OF BLOCK B TO THE LEFT:
BLOCK A:
FV =0
NCOS30 - 60KG = 0
N = 69.282KG
BLOCK B:
FV =0
-NCOS30 - 40KG + NB = 0
-(69.282 X COS30) 40KG + NB = 0
NB = 100KG
FB = NB = 0.2(100KG) = 20KG
FH =0
P + 20KG (69.282SIN30) = 0
P = 14.6410KG = 143.6282N

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

CONSIDER MOTION OF BLOCK B TO THE RIGHT

FH =0
P 20KG (69.282SIN30) = 0
P = 54.6410KG = 536.0282N
THEREFORE: 143.682 536.0282
PROB. 9: THE COEFFICIENT OF STATIC FRICTION
BETWEEN THE L-SHAPED BRAKE ARM AND THE
CYLINDER IS 0.48. DETERMINE THE SMALLEST FORCE
P THAT WILL PREVENT ROTATION OF THE CYLINDER
(RADIUS = 0.3 M) IF THE 270 N-M COUPLE ACTS
CLOCKWISE.
SOLUTION:
FROM THE FBD OF THE CYLINDER
M = 0
270 (FB X 0.3M) = 0
F = 900N
N = F/ = 900N/0.48 = 1875N
FROM THE FREE-DIAGRAM

OF THE

LEVER:

MA = 0
(P X 0.8M) (900N X 0.8M) (1875N X
P = 1837.5N

0.4M) = 0

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 10: CALCULATE THE MINIMUM VALUE OF THE FORCE P THAT CAN HOLD THE
36-KG HOMOGENEOUS BLOCK IN STATIC EQUILIBRIUM IN THE POSITION SHOWN.
SOLUTION:
(A) SLIDING
FV =0
PSIN60 - 36 + (0.24N) = 0

(1)

FH =0
PCOS60 - N = 0
N = PCOS60

(2)

SUBSTITUTE (2) IN (1)

PSIN60 - 36 + (0.24 X PCOS60) = 0
P = 36.5102KG = 358.1652N
(B) TIPPING
MO = 0
(PSIN60 X 0.2M) (36 X 0.2M) = 0
P = 41.5692KG = 407.7940N
THEREFORE, PMIN = 358.1652N

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE -3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

CHAPTER 8: CENTROIDS AND CENTERS OF GRAVITY

PROB. 1: LOCATE THE CENTER OF GRAVITY OF THE WIRE BENT SHOWN BELOW.
SOLUTION:
COMPON
ENT

LENGT
H (MM)

L1

40

L2

160

L3

80

TOTAL

260

(MM)

L = (1 X)
260 = (40 X 49.28) + (160 X 69.28) + (80 X 34.64)
= 60.87
L = (1 Y)
260 = (40 X 200) + (160 X 120) + (80 X 20)
= 102.86MM

(MM)

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB.2: FIND THE CENTROID OF THE FIGURE COMPOSED OF LINES AS SHOWN

BELOW.
SOLUTION:

COMPONE
NT

LENGTH
(MM)

L1

100

L2

(75)

L3

100

L4

100

TOTAL

535.62

(MM)

(MM)

-50

150
75

-50

(536.62 ) = [100 (-50)] + [75 (-147.75)] + [100 (-50)] + (100 35.36)

= -77.06MM
(536.62 ) = (100 150) + (75 75) + (100 0) + (100 35.36)
= 67.6MM

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 3: DETERMINE THE RATIO A/B FOR WHICH THE CENTROID OF THE
COMPOSITE CURVE WILL BE LOCATED AT POINT O.
SOLUTION:
LINE

LENGTH
(MM)

2b

2a

b/2

a/2

b/2

a/2

-b

2a

TOTA
L:

2b + 4a +2

For

SIMPLIFYING THE EQUATION THEN SQUARE BOTH SIDES:

A2 + B2 = 4B2
A2 = 3B2

THEN

PROB. 4: LOCATE THE CENTROID OF THE FOLLOWING AREAS BY INTEGRATION.

SOLUTION:

A=B=H

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

dA = (Y)dX = (H)dX
A=BXH

PROB. 5: LOCATE THE CENTROID OF THE FOLLOWING

AREAS BY INTEGRATION.
SOLUTION:
BY RATIO AND PROPORTION:

dA = (Y)dX
BY RATIO AND PROPORTION:

dA = (X)dY

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE -3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 6: LOCATE THE CENTROID OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SHADED AREA:

SOLUTION:

A1

A1: C1 is located at

and

A2: C2 is located at

and

A = A 1 A2 =

From A,

, since the area is symmetrical. Solving for

PROB. 7: LOCATE THE CENTROID OF EACH OF THE

FOLLOWING SHADED AREA:
SOLUTION:
FIGUR
E

AREA (CM2)

X
(CM
)

Y
(CM)

(6 X 6) = 36

(2 X 4) = 8

(2 X 4) = 8

TOTAL

A1 (A 2+ A3)
= 20

A2

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 8: LOCATE THE CENTROID OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SHADED AREA:

SOLUTION:
A1: C1 IS LOCATED AT

A2: C2 IS LOCATED AT

A = A1 A2 = (70 X 100) -

AND

AND

ES -101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

PROB. 9: LOCATE THE CENTROID OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SHADED AREA:

SOLUTION:
A = A1 A2
A2 = A2 A1
FROM A4:

A1

A2
LOCATE THE CENTROID OF A2:
FOR A3:

FOR A4:

FOR A2:

A3

ES-101

SANTOS,KRISTINE C.

BSCE 3B

ENGR. MA. VILMA P. GONZALES

LOCATE THE CENTROID OF A:

FOR A1:

A4
FOR A:
A = A1 A2 = 7238.2295mm2 939.5116mm2 = 6298.7179mm2
=0

PROB. 10: DETERMINE THE CENTROIDAL COORDINATES OF THE SYMMETRIC

PLANE ARCH THAT IS BOUNDED BY TWO HALF ELLIPSES.

SOLUTION:

FOR A1: a1 = 7.5 m; b1 = 6m

FOR A1: a1 = 4.5 m; b1 = 4.8m

A1

A2

LOCATE THE CENTROID OF A: