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Chap. 11
Atmosphere Basics
State of the Atmosphere
Moisture in Atmosphere
http://eob.gsfc.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages
I. Atmospheric composition
I. Atmospheric composition
A. 99% nitrogen and oxygen
I. Atmospheric composition
A. 99% nitrogen and oxygen
I. Atmospheric composition
A. 99% nitrogen and oxygen
I. Atmospheric composition
A. 99% nitrogen and oxygen
I. Atmospheric composition
A. 99% nitrogen and oxygen
Dust
2.
Salt
3.
Ice
http://weathersavvy.com/Q-Clouds_AffectTemperature.html
B. Ozone
http://radio.weblogs.com/0105910/2004/03/03.html
2. Radiation heats
2. Radiation heats
2. Radiation heats
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Earths atmosphere
from the ISS (360 km
above Earth)
I. Temperature
I. Temperature
A. Temperature is different from heat
I. Temperature
A. Temperature is different from heat
1. Temperature measures the average speed of
the particles of a substance
I. Temperature
A. Temperature is different from heat
1. Temperature measures the average speed of
the particles of a substance
2. Heat describes a transfer of energy
I. Temperature
A. Temperature is different from heat
B. Temperature scales
I. Temperature
A. Temperature is different from heat
B. Temperature scales
1. Fahrenheit
I. Temperature
A. Temperature is different from heat
B. Temperature scales
1. Fahrenheit
2. Celsius
I. Temperature
A. Temperature is different from heat
B. Temperature scales
1. Fahrenheit
2. Celsius
3. Kelvin
I. Temperature
A. Temperature is different from heat
B. Temperature scales
C. Dew point (condensation temp.)
I. Temperature
A. Temperature is different from heat
B. Temperature scales
C. Dew point (condensation temp.)
1. This varies depending on water
content of the air
I. Temperature
A. Temperature is different from heat
B. Temperature scales
C. Dew point (condensation temp.)
1. This varies depending on water
content of the air
2. When temperature reaches dew
point, condensation can occur
I. Temperature
D. Vertical temperature changes
I. Temperature
D. Vertical temperature changes
1. Air cools as elevation increases
I. Temperature
D. Vertical temperature changes
1. Air cools as elevation increases
2. Dry air cools at about 10C / 1000 m
I. Temperature
D. Vertical temperature changes
1. Air cools as elevation increases
2. Dry air cools at about 10C / 1000 m
3. If you travel high enough, the air cools
to the dew point. This is called the
lifted condensation level (LCL)
I. Temperature
D. Vertical temperature changes
1. Air cools as elevation increases
2. Dry air cools at about 10C / 1000 m
3. If you travel high enough, the air cools
to the dew point. This is called the
lifted condensation level (LCL)
4. Moist air cools at about 6C / 1000 m
II. Pressure
II. Pressure
A. Air pressure and density
II. Pressure
A. Air pressure and density
1. The air near the Earths surface is
______ than air further up
II. Pressure
A. Air pressure and density
1. The air near the Earths surface is
denser than air further up
2. The higher you go, the lower the
pressure because . . .
II. Pressure
A. Air pressure and density
B. TemperaturePressure relationship
II. Pressure
A. Air pressure and density
B. TemperaturePressure relationship
1. As the temperature goes , the
pressure goes ___.
II. Pressure
A. Air pressure and density
B. TemperaturePressure relationship
1. As the temperature goes , the
pressure goes .
2. This relationship is called a direct
relationship.
II. Pressure
A. Air pressure and density
B. TemperaturePressure relationship
C. Temperature-Density relationship
II. Pressure
A. Air pressure and density
B. TemperaturePressure relationship
C. Temperature-Density relationship
1. As the temperature , the density goes
___ .
II. Pressure
A. Air pressure and density
B. TemperaturePressure relationship
C. Temperature-Density relationship
1. As the temperature , the density goes
__ .
2. This relationship is called an inverse
relationship.
IV. Wind
IV. Wind
A. Results from differences in
temperature.
IV. Wind
A. Results from differences in
temperature.
IV. Wind
A. Results from differences in
temperature.
V. Relative Humidity
V. Relative Humidity
A. Relative humidity depends on:
V. Relative Humidity
A. Relative humidity depends on:
1. How much moisture is in the air
V. Relative Humidity
A. Relative humidity depends on:
1. How much moisture is in the air
x 100
Amount of moisture possible
V. Relative Humidity
A. Relative humidity depends on:
1. How much moisture is in the air
V. Relative Humidity
A. Relative humidity depends on:
1. How much moisture is in the air
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I. Cloud Formation
A. Steps to making clouds
I. Cloud Formation
A. Steps to making clouds
I. Cloud Formation
A. Steps to making clouds
I. Cloud Formation
A. Steps to making clouds
I. Cloud Formation
A. Steps to making clouds
I. Cloud Formation
A. Steps to making clouds
I. Cloud Formation
A. Steps to making clouds
I. Cloud Formation
A. Steps to making clouds
I. Cloud Formation
A. Steps to making clouds
I. Cloud Formation
A. Steps to making clouds
I. Cloud Formation
A. Steps to making clouds
I. Cloud Formation
A. Steps to making clouds
2.
I. Cloud Formation
A. Steps to making clouds
D. Latent heat
I. Cloud Formation
A. Steps to making clouds
D. Latent heat
1.
I. Cloud Formation
A. Steps to making clouds
D. Latent heat
1.
2.
I. Cloud Formation
E. Types of clouds
I. Cloud Formation
E. Types of clouds
1.
Cirrus
http://www.cloudman.com/atlas/atlas.htm
I. Cloud Formation
E. Types of clouds
1.
2.
Cirrus
Cumulus
I. Cloud Formation
E. Types of clouds
3 main
cloud
types
1.
2.
3.
Cirrus
Cumulus
Stratus
http://www.cloudman.com/atlas/atlas.htm
I. Cloud Formation
E. Types of clouds
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cirrus
Cumulus
Stratus
Cirrostratus
http://quest.arc.nasa.gov
I. Cloud Formation
E. Types of clouds
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cirrus
Cumulus
Stratus
Cirrostratus
Cirrocumulus
http://quest.arc.nasa.gov
I. Cloud Formation
E. Types of clouds
6.
Altostratus
http://quest.arc.nasa.gov
I. Cloud Formation
E. Types of clouds
6.
7.
Altostratus
Altocumulus
http://quest.arc.nasa.gov
I. Cloud Formation
E. Types of clouds
6.
7.
8.
Altostratus
Altocumulus
Nimbostatus
http://quest.arc.nasa.gov
I. Cloud Formation
E. Types of clouds
6.
7.
8.
9.
Altostratus
Altocumulus
Nimbostatus
Stratocumulus
http://quest.arc.nasa.gov
I. Cloud Formation
E. Types of clouds
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Altostratus
Altocumulus
Nimbostatus
Stratocumulus
Cumulonimbus
http://quest.arc.nasa.gov
The End