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The following is a part of the description of the preparation of the soluble salt lithium
chloride.
25.0 cm3 of a solution of lithium hydroxide, concentration 1.00 mol/dm3 was placed in
a beaker. A few drops of the indicator, methyl orange, were added and the mixture
turned yellow. Hydrochloric acid was added form a burette until the mixture just turned
red. 20.0 cm3 of the acid was needed to neutralise the alkali.
Calculate the concentration of the hydrochloric acid.
= __________________
= _________________ mol/dm3
[4]
Q2)
Potassium chlorate, which has a formula of the type, KClOn, decomposes to form
oxygen. 2.45 g of the chlorate produced 1.49 g of potassium chloride and 0.72dm 3 of
oxygen at r.t.p. Find the value of n.
KClOn KCl +
O2
Mass of one mole of KCl = 74.5 g
Q3)
iii) What is the total volume of gases left at the end of the reaction?
________________________________________________________________________[1]
b) Calculate the mass of water formed when 9.0 g of butyne is burnt. The mass of one
mole of butyne is 54 g.
from the above equation, 1 mole of butyne forms 3 moles of water
number of moles of butyne reacted ___________
number of moles of water formed ___________
mass of water formed ___________ g
Q4)
[3]
Question 3 part (f)
2Na + S Na2S
An 11.5 g sample of sodium is reacted with 10 g of sulphur. All of the sodium reacted
but there was an excess of sulphur.
Calculate the mass of sulphur left unreacted.
a) Number of moles of sodium atoms reacted = ___________
[2 moles of Na react with 1 mole of S]
b) Number of moles of sulphur atoms that reacted = ___________
c) Mass of sulphur reacted = ___________ g
d) Mass of sulphur left unreacted = ___________ g
[4]
Q5)
Each tablet contains the same number of moles of CaCO3 and MgCO3. One tablet
reacted with excess hydrochloric acid to produce 0.24 dm3 of carbon dioxide at r.t.p.
____________
____________
____________
[3]
b) Calculate the volume of hydrochloric acid, 1.0 mol /dm3, needed to react with one
tablet.
number of moles of CaCO3 and MgCO3 in one tablet =
____________
Q6)
____________
____________
[2]
Sulphur dioxide reacts with chlorine in an addition reaction to form sulphuryl chloride.
[5]
Q7)
Question 7
Chemists use the concept of the mole to calculate the amounts of chemicals involved
in a reaction.
a) Define mole.
________________________________________________________________________[1]
Mg + 2CH3COOH (CH3COO)2Mg + H2
The mass of one mole of Mg is 24 g.
The mass of one mole of CH3COOH is 60 g.
i) Which one, magnesium or ethanoic acid, is in excess? You must show your
reasoning.
________________________________________________________________________[3]
ii) Use your answer to i) and the mole ratio in the equation to find out the number of
moles of H2C2O4 in 20 cm3 of solution.
________________________________________________________________________[1]
iii) Calculate the concentration, mol /dm3, of the aqueous oxalic acid.
________________________________________________________________________[2]
Q8)
Iron(III) sulphate decomposes when heated. Calculate the mass of iron(III) oxide
formed and the volume of sulphur trioxide produced when 10.0 g of iron(III) sulphate
was heated.
Mass of one mole of Fe2(SO4)3 is 400 g.
_________________
_________________
_________________ g
_________________
_________________ dm3
[5]
Q9)
[3]
Question 6 part (a)
_________________
_________________ g
_________________ g
[3]
(ii) The experiment produced 10.4 g of hydrated nickel sulphate. Calculate the
percentage yield.
The maximum number of moles of NiSO4 .7H2O that could be formed =
____________________________________________________________________
The maximum mass of NiSO4 .7H2O that could be formed = __________________ g
The percentage yield = ___________________________________________ %
Q11)
[3]
CH3CH=CH2 + HI CH3CHICH3
1.4 g of propene produced 4.0 g of 2 - iodopropane.
Calculate the percentage yield.
moles of CH3CH=CH2 reacted =
__________________________
___________________
___________________
_________________________ %
[4]
Q12)
An ore of copper is the mineral, chalcopyrite. This is a mixed sulphide of iron and
copper.
Analysis of a sample of this ore shows that 13.80 g of the ore contained 4.80 g of
copper, 4.20 g of iron and the rest sulphur.
Complete the table and calculate the empirical formula of chalcopyrite.
composition by mass / g
copper
iron
4.80
4.20
sulphur
________________________________________________________________________[1]
Q13)
A better way of measuring the degree of unsaturation is to find the iodine number of
the unsaturated compound. This is the mass of iodine that reacts with all the double
bonds in 100 g of the fat. Use the following information to calculate the number of
double bonds in one molecule of the fat.
C=C.
Q14)
A small piece of marble, calcium carbonate, was added to 5 cm3 of hydrochloric acid
at 25C. The time taken for the reaction to stop was measured.
CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) CaCl2 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
Variant 31
Using 25.0 cm of aqueous sodium hydroxide, 2.24 mol / dm , 3.86 g of crystals were
obtained. Calculate the percentage yield.
Variant 32
[4]
Using 25.0 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide, 2.64 mol / dm3, 3.95 g of crystals were
obtained. Calculate the percentage yield.
Variant 31
[4]
Question 4 part (b)
Across the world, food safety agencies are investigating the presence of minute traces
of the toxic hydrocarbon, benzene, in soft drinks. It is formed by the reduction of
sodium benzoate by vitamin C.
Sodium benzoate is a salt, it has the formula C6H5COONa. It can be made by the
neutralisation of benzoic acid by sodium hydroxide.
Benzene contains 92.3% of carbon and its relative molecular mass is 78.
a) What is the percentage of hydrogen in benzene?
________________________________________________________________________[1]
__________________________________
__________________________________
[2]
Q18)
Variant 31
The alkanes are generally unreactive. Their reactions include combustion, substitution
and cracking .The complete combustion of an alkane gives carbon dioxide and water.
10 cm3 of butane is mixed with 100 cm3 of oxygen, which is an excess. The mixture is
ignited. What is the volume of unreacted oxygen left and what is the volume of
carbon dioxide formed ?
C4H10 (g) +
___________________________ cm3
___________________________ cm3
Q19)
Variant 31
Question 9
Si + 2Br2 SiBr4
i) Which one is the limiting reagent? Explain your choice.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ [3]
ii) How many moles of SiBr4 are formed?
__________________________________________________________________ [1]
Q20)
Variant 32
Question 9
Part (a) and (b) are same as it is in Q19) part (a) and (b) only part (c) form this variant
for part (a) and (b) of this question refer Q18) part (a) and (b).
c) 0.08 moles of silicon reacts with 7.2g of fluorine.
Si + 2F2 SiF4
i) Which one is the limiting reagent? Explain your choice.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ [3]
ii) How many moles of SiF4 are formed?
__________________________________________________________________ [1]
Q21)
Variant 31
9.12 g of anhydrous iron(II) sulfate was heated. Calculate the mass of iron(III) oxide
formed and the volume of sulfur trioxide, at r.t.p., formed.
= _______________
= _______________ g
= _______________ g
= _______________
= _______________ dm3
[6]
Q22)
Variant 31
Question 7
part (e)
titanium(IV) oxide
TiO2
TiCl
Ti
The titanium ore contains 36.8% iron, 31.6% titanium and the remainder is oxygen.
i) Determine the percentage of oxygen in this titanium compound.
percentage of oxygen = __________________________________ % [1]
ii) Calculate the number of moles of atoms for each element.
The number of moles of Fe is shown as an example.
number of moles of Fe = 36.8 / 56 = 0.66
number of moles of Ti = ______________________________________________
number of moles of O = ______________________________________________ [1]
iii) What is the simplest ratio for the moles of atoms?
Fe
_______
Ti
_______
O
_______
[1]
Variant 32
Question 8
part (c)
A 5.00 g sample of impure lead(II) nitrate was heated. The volume of oxygen formed
was 0.16dm3 measured at r.t.p. The impurities did not decompose.
Calculate the percentage of lead(II) nitrate in the sample.
Q24)
Variant 31
Q25)
Variant 32
20.0 cm3 of sulfuric acid, concentration 0.30 mol / dm3, was added to 40 cm3 of
sodium hydroxide, concentration 0.20 mol / dm3.
Q26)
Variant 33
Maleic acid is an unsaturated acid. 5.8 g of this acid contained 2.4 g of carbon, 0.2 g
of hydrogen and 3.2 g of oxygen.
a) How do you know that the acid contained only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen?
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ [1]
b) Calculate the empirical formula of maleic acid.
Number of moles of carbon atoms = _________________
Number of moles of hydrogen atoms = _________________
Number of moles of oxygen atoms = _________________
The empirical formula is ______________________________________________ [3]
Q27)
Variant 31
Question 7
Excess hydrochloric acid was added to powdered zinc. The hydrogen evolved was
collected and its volume measured every 20 seconds.
The experiments were repeated at the same temperature using the same number of
moles of powdered magnesium and aluminium.
a) Identify metals A, B and C by choosing from zinc, magnesium and aluminium. Give
a reason for each choice.
metal A ______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
metal B ______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
metal C _____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ [5]
b) Using moles, explain why two of the metals form the same volume of hydrogen but
the third metal forms a larger volume.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ [3]
Q28)
Variant 32
Q29)
Variant 31
There are three possible equations for the thermal decomposition of sodium
hydrogencarbonate.
Results
Mass of sodium hydrogencarbonate = 3.36 g
Mass of the residue = 2.12 g
Calculation
Mr for NaHCO3 = 84g; Mr for Na2O = 62g; Mr for NaOH = 40g
Mr for Na2CO3 = 106 g
a) Number of moles of NaHCO3 used = __________
[1]
b) if residue is Na2O, number of moles of Na2O = __________
If residue is NaOH, number of moles of NaOH = __________
If residue is Na2CO3, number of moles of Na2CO3 = __________
[2]
c) Use the number of moles calculated in (a) and (b) to decide which one of the three
equations is correct. Explain your choice.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ [2]
Q30)
Variant 32
Insoluble salts are made by precipitation. An equation for the preparation of barium
sulfate is given below.
[1]
x = __________
[1]
Q31)
Variant 33
The alkenes are a series of unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have the general
molecular formula CnH2n.
a) Deduce the molecular formula of an alkene which has a relative molecular mass of
126. Show your working.
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ [2]
b) Bond energy is the amount of energy, in kJ, which must be supplied to break one
mole of the bond.
bond energy
bond
in kJ / mol
HH
+436
C == C
+610
CC
+346
CH
+415
Use the data in the table to show that the following reaction is exothermic.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ [3]
Q32)
Variant 31
A sample of rust had the following composition: 51.85 g of iron 22.22 g of oxygen
16.67 g of water.
Calculate the following and then write the formula for this sample of rust.
number of moles of iron atoms, Fe = ____________
[1]
number of moles of oxygen atoms, O = ____________
[1]
number of moles of water molecules, H2O =____________
[1]
simplest mole ratio Fe : O : H2O is ______ : ______ : ______
formula for this sample of rust is ____________
Q33)
Variant 32
[1]
0.01 moles of an alkene needed 2.4 g of oxygen for complete combustion. 2.2 g of
carbon dioxide were formed. Determine the following mole ratio.
moles of alkene : moles of O2 : moles of CO2
From this ratio determine the formula of the alkene.
__________________________________________________________________ [3]
Write an equation for the complete combustion of this alkene.
__________________________________________________________________ [1]
Q34)
Variant 31
SrCO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) Sr Cl2 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
SrCl 2 (aq) + 6H2 O (l) SrCl2.6H2O(s)
The following method was used to prepare the crystals.
1 Add excess strontium carbonate to hot hydrochloric acid.
2 Filter the resulting mixture.
3 Partially evaporate the filtrate and allow to cool.
4 Filter off the crystals of SrCl2.6H2O.
5 Dry the crystals between filter papers.
In the above experiment, 50.0 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of concentration 2.0 mol / dm3
was used. 6.4 g of SrCl2.6H2O was made.
Calculate the percentage yield.
number of moles of HCl used = ________________
number of moles of SrCl2.6H2O which could be formed = ________________
mass of one mole of SrCl2.6H2O is 267 g
theoretical yield of SrCl2.6H2O = ________________ g
percentage yield = ________________ %
[4]
Q35)
Variant 32
Sulfur dioxide can also be made by the reaction between a sulfite and an acid.
Q36)
Variant 33
Q37)
Variant 33
bond
N== N
bond energy
kJ / mol
944
energy change
kJ
+944
HH
436
3 436 = +1308
NH
388
exothermic
or endothermic
Endothermic
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ [3]
Q38)
Variant 31
Variant 31
The concentration of the hydrochloric acid was 2.20 mol / dm3. The volume of acid
needed to neutralise the 25.0 cm3 of lithium hydroxide was 20.0 cm3. Calculate the
concentration of the aqueous lithium hydroxide.
Q40)
Variant 32
__________________________________________________________________ [1]
b) Which two of the following contain the same number of molecules?
Show how you arrived at your answer.
2.0 g of methane, CH4
8.0 g of oxygen, O2
2.0 g of ozone, O3
8.0 g of sulfur dioxide, SO2
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ [2]
c) 4.8 g of calcium is added to 3.6 g of water. The following reaction occurs.
Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2
i) the number of moles of Ca = _______________
the number of moles of H2O = ________________ [1]
ii) Which reagent is in excess? Explain your choice.
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ [2]
iii) Calculate the mass of the reagent named in (ii) which remained at the end of the
experiment.
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ [1]
Q41)
Variant 33
20cm3 of a hydrocarbon was burnt in 175cm3 of oxygen. After cooling, the volume of
the remaining gases was 125cm3. The addition of aqueous sodium hydroxide
removed carbon dioxide leaving 25cm3 of unreacted oxygen.
i) volume of oxygen used = _____________ cm3
[1]
ii) volume of carbon dioxide formed = ___________ cm
[1]
iii) Deduce the formula of the hydrocarbon and the balanced equation for the reaction.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ [2]
Q42)
Variant 31
Calculate the maximum mass of carbon dioxide given off when 20.0 g of small lumps
3
of calcium carbonate react with 40 cm of hydrochloric acid, concentration 2.0 mol /
3
dm .
Variant 31
Basic lead(II) carbonate has a formula of the type xPbCO3.yPb(OH)2 where x and y
are whole numbers.
Determine x and y from the following information.
Q44)
Variant 32
Variant 33
Q46)
Variant 31
Hydrogen peroxide decomposes to form water and oxygen. This reaction is catalysed
by manganese(IV) oxide. In the first experiment, the maximum volume of oxygen
produced was 96 cm3 measured at r.t.p. Calculate the concentration of the aqueous
hydrogen peroxide in mol / dm3.
[1]
number of moles of H2O2 in 40 cm of solution = _____________________________
[1]
3
concentration of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide in mol / dm =__________________
3
_____________________[1]
Q47)
Variant 32
The soluble salt hydrated lithium sulfate is made by titration from the soluble base
3
lithium hydroxide. Using 25.0 cm of aqueous lithium hydroxide, concentration 2.48
3
mol / dm , 2.20 g of hydrated lithium sulfate was obtained.
Calculate the percentage yield, giving your answer to one decimal place.
Variant 33
Determine if the above reaction is exothermic or endothermic using the following bond
energies and by completing the following table. The first line has been done as an
example. Bond energy is the amount of energy, in kJ / mole, needed to break or make
one mole of the bond.
bond
NH
390
FF
NF
155
280
HF
565
bond
NH
(3 390) = 1170
FF
NF
HF
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ [4]
Q49)
Variant 33
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ [3]
Q50)
Variant 31
Use the above data to show that the following reaction is exothermic.
H H + Cl Cl 2H Cl
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ [3]