zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

ixf
dhNq
HCdmjf ------------------- 1
spZbfyfv W hAdHyfv -------3
omA bfvD-icvsNv dbuGbhfn 5
ilGf --------------------10

jfsj sjfbX z slJfsbf ytsh 13

ianfLb W znf ----- 16

dhhfsrv iasqfubDqkf --- 21
zShL dhhfr ------------ 23
ifD iYl ------------- 32
ifD lwGb -------------- 41
iB W spZkcj ----------- 46
slbsmfrv -------------- 51
dhhfsrv iCshG slwfyfv ---- 54
dhhfsrv dlb ------------ 57
dhhfr-hb ------------- 60
zfjXl djHfsh rsh ------ 62
zfjXslv iv slwfyfv ---- 64
jbAf dhlfq ------------- 66
hLChvB ----------------- 67
H hfnv --------------- 69

dhNq
ixf
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ztDmfr ---------------- 76
zbAfbA stfjfyfv ------- 78
lfikA W zdLjfv ------ 79
Dv zdLjfv ------------ 79
fmDv zdLjfv ---------- 85
spZK zdLjfv ----------- 94
Ov-nQnfv -------------- 98
Ov-ufmf ------------ 101
msbfmfdtbA ----------- 102
kftfj --------------- 104
k ----------------- 107
D rfvfm jvst -------- 110
zdykf -------------- 111
drfpf -------------- 114
dbIfn ---------------- 115
zfkfd ------------ 116
oHG W ubdbqB ----- 117
nQsjk-idvdydk
W iamfBiD ----------- 121

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

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26/2/97

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ivjfstW rkHfoD.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

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(mc}, dm} 3524bQ, Ifmc 19-20ix})

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(jc} 24/31)

spmb isK ytfv nmq isKv mfsU ytf bfvDv ubA ShL bq. (dnn} 856bQ)
mdrtfslv ubA oxsr sofntJfbf (hfKvm) jvf Wqfsuh (dnsmsev rWqf uvvD
bq) hQ I]fjf icjcsv, blDsk, UBGfq, nmclakDsv hf nfLfvB sofntJfbfq sofnt jvf
kfslv ubA rfvfm. spsrkc nmfu-dhfbD bhD hstsYb, sp bfvD oxr, fmDoxr
hf mfsqv hfdV YfVf zbA fsb dbsuv ilGf vfsJ (jfiV sJfst) zffr kfv ilGf W
tfwDtkfsj dhlDBG jsv slb. (zKhf sn dbsu jsv slq.) (nuf} 2708bQ, zfdp}139ix})
sp hAd zffrsk W ivjfst dhhfn vfsJ sn spb kfv Dsj nfLfvB
sofntJfbfq spsk bf slq. (rf}, zf}, dk}, bf}, zfdp} 139ix})
oxr sYsV ivjDq oxsr hfn, hfhD hf hfhDv fmDv hfdVsk vfdhfn kAfdlW
dhibj hAdHyfsvv dYlaiK. bhD nfff zftfdr znffm hstsYb, sp mdrtf
dbsuv fmDoxr YfVf zbA oxsr dbsuv jfiV sJfst sn zffr zfpXpf zuff W kfv
dbsuv mfsU ilGf dhlDBG jsv sIst. (nuf} 2710bQ)
j jfvsB zisvv tffb (bfdH rsk r]fec ipG fb) slJf hQ j
jfisV icvsN-icvsN hf mdrtfq-mdrtfq wqb jvfW dbdN. (n}dk} 2243bQ)
iv icvsNv lxdsk mdrtfv nhGwvDv tffb. dhswN jsv y[c mb j z pfv
fvf dhidv nCybf rq. syfJfsyfdJ sKsj wcv rq, dj swN rq otfodtsk. sYf
zfv ecjvf sKsj nCifk rq nhGofnD hV zdojfsv. lxdv jKf jdh hstb,

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

zf]dJ W skf zf]dJ bsr, hf]jf Ycdv sof

sj ufsb sn jfv mb jsv ycdv sof!
siam uosk y[c jKf h'st mb dhNq hcdUsq Kfsj pf durf iajfw jvsk z[m.
syfsJv sjfsB zfsY pflcv svJf.
bqbf Jfsb pflc ufsb nJf j zf]dJ wfvfq
t[ pcsov mrf-kinAf sjfKfq dhqf pfq!
`buvhfb' smsv zsbsj zsbjsj Ofsqt jsv Kfsj. syfvf yfrdbsk zsbsj
hcdUsq Kfsj sofib iaBsqv nC[ dk.
--sofib diaqfv ydjk yfrdb; Yt jsv slJf zbcJb,
--yit smsqv Hfstfhfnf kfv j]fjb ycdVv jbXjbX.
nckvfQ lxd hV nfQOfdkj dhid. pfv ubA zffrifj hstb, mcdmb
icvNslvsj ht, kfvf spb kfslv lxdsj nQpk vfsJ (buv Ucdjsq yst) hQ
kfslv spZbfsj nfhLfsb nQpk vfsJ; de kfslv ubA m. Wvf pf jsv, zffr
sn dhNsq zhdrk. zfv mcdmb bfvDslvsj ht, kfvfW spb dbsuslv lxdsj nQpk
vfsJ W tffb nQv[f jsv---. (jc} 24/ 30-31)
diaq bhD hstb, (sjfb vmBDv iv skfmfv lxd iVst kfv iadk) hfvhfv
lxjXifk jsvf bf. hvQ buv nkv dIdvsq dbW. (n}dk} 2228, 2229bQ) spsrkc
y[cW hAdHyfv jsv hQ kfv hAdHyfv rt (jfm)lxd.(hc}, mc}, dm} 86bQ)
nckvfQ lxdsj Ydh sKsjW nQpk jvsk rsh hQ ivicvN sKsj zfVfst vfJsk
rsh. pfsk jrfsk kfdt dbyq hfush bf. zfv hV dhil nxdjfvD z
syfJde Kfsj syrfvfq. syfJfsyfdJ pfsk bf rq kf skf bfvDv ubA uvvD kfv
syrfvfsjW sofib jvf.
zkA nJDskv Jfdksv rstW dhbf ilGfq nJDsk-nJDsk lxP zfdtb W sj
zivsj dbu dbu snZlpG ialwGb jvf ShL bq. jfvB sk nfLfvBk} iaskAj nJD
kfv nJDv slr-snZh dbsuv fmDv dbje hBGbf jvst fmD msbv ilGfq kfv Dv
nJDv dht[B vi-lxwA dbsq msbfkxd tfH jsv Kfsj. (n}dk} 2243bQ) rqskf hf
msbv zts[A icvN kfv rlsqv sjfb sjfsB mdrtfv ubA zfnb sisk
slq. zfv ivhkGDsk kfsj slJfv W jfsY ifWqfv mk hfnbfW ufok jsv skfst.
sbfQvf i-idjf ifE, zwDt dIm W dKsqefv-pff lwGbW j ipGfsqv; pfsk
LQn rq kvB-kvBDv ydv, sbfQvf rsq sE idvshw.
fmD-Dv dmtb-vrnA iaHxdk ufbfv ubA ndEj nmq rt dhhfsrv iv zKhf
dhhfsrv ifjf dlb rWqfv iv. bsy{ v iCshG vdk hf jfmwf ifE jsv dhhfsr slvD
rst dmtbkxf sp ipGfsq si]ZYfq kfsk dhid sp sjfb nmsq Oesk ifsv.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

10

jfsvf vi, DblfvD iaHxdkv iawQnf wcsb kfsj msb msb Hfstfshsn sItf lCNBDq
bq. kfsj sisk ShL ifq iasqfo jvf hQ dhhfr-hsb zfh jsv ncsJv nQnfv
oVf m. dj zShLHfsh kfsj slJf, ifWqf, kfv jKf swfbf W kfv nfdLAtfsHv
syf jvf zhwA nDmftQOb. zShL hck W iaBsq isV sedtsIfsb nQtfi W
nf[f{ iaHxdk ntfsm rfvfm.
pchj-pchkDv oc Hfstfhfnf skf sjht djYc Sldrj ncJ tcefv ubA. pfv
wcvskW ys[ zwa Usv hQ swsNW. ksh wcvsk Usv zfblfwa, zfv swsN si[f
W tfbfv. jfvB, `jie siam tcsjfycdv, mcsJ mLc, rsl Ycdv' zdLjfQw rq. sk
kvBD hcUsk ifsv bf sp, siadmj kfv dbje sKsj spZbkxd tfH j'sv kfsj dhb
j'sv ycQofsmv mk dmkf ycsN dbsq swsN zfEft ilfKGdesj Y]csV sIst slsh.
hc sof spW HcstiaHfsk sp rsh hfdn, nAfq svsJf bf sn Ict kcst.
ihsb kh sIfse sp softfi iaHfsk kcdm ufdo,
ufdb, kfv jfsY pfW wcLc kfv o-ncNmf tfdo.
nckvfQ dhNsq nkjG rWqf dyk mcndtm kvBDsj hQ kfv zdHHfhjsjW.
jfvB, `hfdtv hf]L, wsEv iaDdk, lcsqv j vDdk.'

ilGf
hAdHyfsvv dYlaiK h jvfv zfv j ifq rt ilGf. vmBDv slr-snZh
iajxdkokHfsh vmBDq. jfdmbDv vitfhBA hQ klcidv kfv zvfo hV jmbDq;
pf icvsNv jfmfbt iaudtk jsv. kf icvsNv lxdv zvfst sKsj dbsuv mfb W
mpGflf v[f jvsk bfvD ufdkv iadk nxdjkGf zffrv dhLfb t. ubA
sjfb omA (pfv ndrk bfvDv sjfbW nmsq dhhfr ShL rsk ifsv mb) icvsNv
lxdsk kfv snZlpG W tfhBA iajfw jvsk ifsv bf. i[fsv pfv ndrk bfvDv
sjfbW jfst dhhfr ShL bq mb icvsNv ndrk slJf-nf[f{ jvsk ifsv. jfvB
slv lxdsk jfm Kfsj bf. zfv pfslv Kfsj kfvf mfbcN bq, iwc. (jfslv ndrk
sjfbW jfst dhhfr ShL bq kfslv jKf isv zfstfdyk rsh.) zbcvi bfvDv vi
dhNsq z hftj, spZbjfmbfrDb icvN hQ zdLjfvHc Dklfsnv ndrk mdrtf
slJf-nf[f{ jvsk ifsv.
ilGfv hAfifsv zffrv nfLfvB dbslGw}-

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

11

(sr bfvD ufdk!) skfmvf oxsr zhfb jv hQ iafjX-ntfmD (ufsrdtqfkD)

pcsov mk dbsuslvsj ialwGb jsv shdVW bf. (jc} 33/33)
sr bhD! kcdm skfmfv D, jbAf W mcndtm vmBDoBsj ht, kfvf spb kfslv
yflsvv djqlQw dbsuslv (mcJmstv) iv sesb sbq. sk (DklfnD sKsj)
kfslvsj sybf nrukv rsh; Ist kfslvsj kA jvf rsh bf. (tievf
kfslvsj kA jvsh bf.) (jc} 33/59)
mcdmb bfvDslvsj ht, kfvf spb dbsuslv lxd nQpk jsv W tffb drIfpk
jsv hQ pf iajfw ifq kf YfVf kfslv (zbAfbA) zfHvB ialwGb bf jsv, kfslv
oaDhf W h[slw spb mfKfv jfiV (Vbf zKhf yflv) fvf zfhxk jsv. (jc} 24/31)
(sr icvNoB!) skfmvf kfslv (bfvDslv) dbje rsk djYc yfst ilGfv zvft rsk
yfsh. dhLfb skfmfslv hQ kfslv rlsqv ubA zdLjkv idh. (jc} 33/53)
nckvfQ mcndtm bfvDv dbje ilGf}zffr W klDq vnCstv zfbcokA.
ilGf, siam W ydvsv idhkf, zbfdhtkf W dbjtkf.
ilGf, bfvDv bfvDk, nkDv nkDk, nm W mpGflf.
ilGf, tfwDtkf, zmGfLcpG W nlfyfdvkf.
ilGf, mfbhviD wqkfsbv lxd sKsj v[fjhy.
ilGf, k drIfpk jsv, zShL iaBq, LNGB, zwDtkf W hAdHyfv lCv jsv, bfvDv
mfb W mCtA v[f jsv. dudbn lfmD W mCtAhfb rst kfsj sofisb tcdjsq vfJf rq.
psks j]fy ifWqf pfq hst kfv sjfb jlv sb. dj jfb ifWqf pfq bf
hst kfv hV jlv. ilGfbwDb bfvD j]fy bq; hvQ jfb, ncvd[k mcf.
ilGf,bfvDsj jfsIv W DklfnD sKsj hfYf jsv nff mcndtm bfvDvsi dydrk jsv.
ilGf, zffrv oph W ufrffsmv zfocb sKsj ilGf.
bfvDslv iaLfb w kfv snZlpG W spZhb. zfv ilGf kfv tftsjf.
ntfsmv ncnHA lxdsk bfvDv ilGf W nHA sthfsnv jsqjde wkG
dbbvi }1- mcndtm mdrtf sp sifwfj hAhrfv jvsh kfsk spb ilGf ifWqf pfq; zKGf{ sn
sifwfj spb kfv nfvf slrsj zfhxk jsv. nckvfQ sp sthfsn bfvDv sjwlfm, oaDhf,
h[slw, lv W ixslw (spmb, wfdV W Jfsef hfsu) hQ r]fec W ufQ (spmb,
AfeXG, Ofovf, IjX kAfdlsk) iajfdwk Kfsj kf (nfLfvBk} omA icvNslv nmcsJ)
idvLfb jvf rfvfm.
2- sthfn spb snZlpGmq W lxd-zfjNGD bf rq. nckvfQ jfmlfv (mhqFfdv
jvf) yjysj vdMb shfvjfW ivf ShL bq.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

12

3- mb ifktf bf rq pfsk dHksvv yfmVfv vM busv zfsn. zkh ifktf

wfdV, Vbf iaHxdk mcndtm mdrtfv sFn bq. diaq bhD hstb, lc swaBDv mfbcN
ufrffsmv zdLhfnD; pfslvsj zfdm sldJdb. (kfvf HdhNAsk zfnsh.) iKm swBD
(zkAfyfvDv lt) pfslv ns Kfjsh ovv stsuv mk yfhcj, pfvf kfvf stfjsj
iarfv jvsh. zfv dkDq swBD rt sn bfvDlt; pfvf jfiV skf idvLfb jvsh, dj
kfvf hk} t Kfjsh, pfvf icvNslv zfjx jvsh hQ dbsuvfW kfslv iadk
zfjx rsh, pfslv mj (sJ]fif h]fLfv jfvsB) ]sev drst pfWqf j]csuv mk rsh.
kfvf uffsk iashw jvsh bf, kfv oW ifsh bf. zKy uffskv nco k k
lCvhkDG fb sKsjW ifWqf pfsh. (mc},hf},zf},dnn} 1326bQ)
4- mb efeXdIe hf zf]e-n]fe bf rq pfsk slrfsv ykf W bDykf hQ zfjfv
W zfjxdk jfisVv isvW hcUf pfq. kf mb ycX W IAfwsbv sthfn mcndtm
vmBD idvLfb jvsk ifsv bf, pfsk kfv ncsFZt bpcot, ncy dbk, nv sjfmv
iaHxdkv zfjfv iajfw ifq.
efeXdIe kAfdl sthfn sp hV dIkbf nxdjfvD W rfvfm kf dhdH stFDn zhGfn
sjfifbDv bfm nf[A slq. spmb, Look me, Take me, Follow me, Buy
me, Touch me, Kiss me iaHxdk. zhwA sp mdrtfvf Lvsbv shstfibf
sifwfj isv dbsuslvsj ilwGb jsv shVfq, kfslv mbW jKf hst.
5- sthfn spb icvNslv zbcjxk hf zbcvi bf rq. nckvfQ iAfe, wfeG iaHxdk
icvNslv mk sifwfj sjfb mcndtm mdrtf hAhrfv jvsk ifsv bf. spsrkc
icvNslv shwLfdvBD bfvDslv iv zffrv zdHwfi Kfsj.(hc}, dm} 4428-4429bQ)
6- klbcvi kf spb jfsIv mdrtfslv zbcjxk hf zbcvi bf rq.
iajfw sp, dTst mAfd W swstfqfv jfmDn hQ kfv iv zY yflv hf Vbf; pf
mfKfv sjw, h[t kAfdl zfYfdlk jsv kf mcndtm vmBDv sthfn. sjhtmf
swstfqfv jfmDn hf mAfd zKhf kfv iv hs[ W oaDhfq KfjX hf Hf]u jvf Vbfv
sthfn jfsIv mdrtfslv. zbcvi wfdV pdl nhGwvDvsj sTsj sbq ksh mcndtmslv;
bsy{ KfjX jsv hcsj yfifsbf Kfjst kKf sjwlfm W sie-diE iajfw jsv vfJst kf
zmcndtm mdrtfslv sthfn. zfv diaq bhD hstb, sp hAd sp ufdkv zbcjvB
jvsh, sn sn ufdkv ltHc. (zflf}, nuf} 6149bQ)
7- sifwfj spb u]fjumj W zfVviCBG kKf iadndubj bf rq. (zf}, zflf}, mf}, dm} 4346bQ)
8- sthfn spb ncodk hf ncvdHk bf rq. iCshG htf rsqsY sp, sp bfvD ncod
YdVsq stfjftsq pfq, sn shwAf bfvD.
iajfw sp, bfvDslsr spZhsbv dyr slJf slWqf mf wskGv sifwfj ivf
Wqfsuh. (zfdp}177ix}, zfIf 13-18ix}, mfmfmc} 58-59ix})

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

13

jfsj sjfbX z slJfsbf ytsh

fmD-Dv mfsU sjfb ilGf sb Hsq j zisvv sifwfj. (jc} 2/287) Hsq
Hsqv nhGf slJsk ifsv. ksh nhGlf bo sifwfsj Kfjf dyk bq.(Im} 54ix}, mfmc}
239ix})

mf-shefv mfsU ilGf W sofibDq sjht bfdH rsk rf]ec ipG.

zbAfbA dbjefkDq; pfslv ndrk dyvjfstv ubA dhhfr rfvfm kfslv nfmsb ilGf
W sofibDq rt otf sKsj rf]ec ipG. (I} 2/774) zhwA sjfb ydvrDb ofbf
icvsNv jKfq hf HfhHdsk zwDtkf W jfmHfh hcUst, mdrtf kfv dbjseW pKf
nHh zbAfbA zW ilGf jvsh. (I} 2/850)
mdrtfv nfmsb mdrtfv ilGf bfdH sKsj rf]ec ipG. mdrtf jfsIv rst kfv nfmsb
rfk W syrfvf YfVf zbAfbA z sJftf ShL bq. spmb, sjfb sbfQvf hAdHyfdvBD
smsqv nfmsbW dbsuv snZlpG iajfw jvf dyk bq. zbcvi mb sjfb mdrtfv
nfmsbW slrsnZh sJftf dbdN; sp kfv sjfb hc hf fmDv dbje zbA mdrtfv
viyyGf jsv hst ufbf pfq hf zfwf rq. mb mdrtfv ndrk mcndtm mdrtfv
nJDk hf hckW ShL bq. (I} 2/841)
mf-hfsiv yfyf W mfmf, smsqv yfyf W mfmf hQ mfrvfm. nckvfQ yfyfskf lfslf hf
bfbfv nfmsb ilGf otf sKsj rf]ec ipG. (I} 2/771)
kftfsjv iv k ifv rsq sost fmD Dv ubA shofbf rsq pfq. nckvfQ
kfv dbjse ilGf Wqfsuh. kfv sYst slJsk st sjfb z icvNsj slJfsh bf.
ifdtk ic sKsj iftdqD mfsqv hQ iftdqkf hfi sKsj ifdtkf jbAfv ilGf
Wqfsuh. iajfw sp, ntfsm Lvsbv iaKfv sjfb zbcmdk sb.
zbcvi ifkfsbf Hf shfb, mf-shef, hfi-shdev mfsU, iDv Hf-shfb (?) dhqfdhqfb W hcv fmD hf Dv mfsU ilGf Wqfsuh. pdlW kfslv ydv dIdvfv mk rq
khcW slJf slWqf rfvfm. ilGf rsh zffrv Hsq kf]v zfbcoskAv sswA. mfbcsNv
Hsq hf stfj ialwGsbv ubA bq. sk mfbcsNv ydv W nmfb dhyfpG bq. nckvfQ
tie, bfvDhfu, ivsrpofv, smZthD nfsrh iaHxdk ilGfq njst nmfb. zffrv
Ivp mfbsk sjfb iajfsvv stZdjjkf W nfmfdujkfv sJqft zKhf jfsvf
msbfvsbv sJqft dbyq ShL bq.
lxdrDb z icvsNv nfmsb ilGf sb. zhwA mdrtfsj icvN sKsj lxd nQpk
jvsk rsh. (Im} 72ix})

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

14

ixKj mdrtf dw[f-iadkfb bf Kfjst shilGfq sYstslv ndrk ifwfifdw hsn

dw[f oarB ShL bq. fmD-nQnfv swA rst hfdVsk hsn dhdH fboHG h-icj
iVf hQ Db-nQnfv dwJfv dw[f psK. zbAfbA dw[fv iasqfusb pKfnHh
ilGfv nfsK dwJsk rsh. ilGfv syf bf jsv ofdtjf iahfsr of Hfdnsq dlst
zhwA smsq-zdHHfhj njst ifiD rsh. (Im} 84ix})
dydj{nfv iasqfusb mdrtfv ubA Fffv sJ]fuf Wqfsuh. stFD Fffv bf sist
zKhf pKfdhdrk dydj{nf kfv dbje bf rst hfLA rsq icvN Fffsvv dbje spsk
ifsv. ksh wkG rt mdrtfv ndrk kfv fmD zKhf sjfb mfrvfm Kfjsh. jfdjbD
Fffv-vsm pfsh bf. iv Fffvsj sjht sn z slJfsh, sp z slJfsbf
iasqfub. tffb slJstW zbAfbA z slJfsbf ziasqfusb ShL rsh bf. (vfJc}
105-106ix}) mrfb zffr hstb, skfmvf zffrsj pKfnHh Hq jv. (nfLAmk
Hq jvfv syf jv.) (jc} 64/16)
jfdjbD rstW bfmfsp zflshv sthfn uvvD. nmq sjht syrfvf W rfk
Jcst vfJf pfsh. wfdV isv hf-sie-diE-yct shv rsq sost bfmfp rq bf. spmb,
nmcsJ shofbf icvN Kfjst syrfvfW Tfjsk rsh. (djlf} 2/94)
swstfqfv-jfdmn hf mAfdsk bfmfp iVst yflv uvvD. jcvzfb wvDI iVsk dosq
mfKf Jcst sost [dk sb. sk WpcW b rq bf. (Im} 37, mh} 15/284)
hxf bfvD; pfvf dhhfsrv zfwf vfsJ bf, kfvf kfslv snZlpG ialwGb bf jsv pdl
hdrhfGn Jcst vfsJ kfrst kf slfsNv bq. ksh ilGfq Kfjfef kfslv ubA m.
(jc} 24/60) spsrkc jfbf shocsbv sFfotf JsvW hkGmfb.
ilGfq Kfjst hfdVv stfj Eff jvst hQ sjfb iajfv zKhf nhGiajfv nrfqkf bf
jvst mdrtfv dyk pKfnHh dbsu dbsu ilGf jvf. s[s rft sYsV hnf ShL
bq. jt-ifqJfbf sb hst Wuv oarBspfoA bq. fmD ilGfq Kfjsk bf dlst syfv
ivW pdl jf dbvifq rsq shilGf rsk rq khcW pKfnfLA dbsusj nQpk W
zfhxk jvsh. zffr syfv zv slJshb. pfvf nrfqkf jsv bf hf hfLf slq
kfslv ifi kfslv iv.
i[fsv shofbf icvN slsJ Ov Tcjst hf mcJ Tfjst pfvf rfnfrfdn jsv, hAdhlai jsv, jef[ rfsb zKhf znmDyDb mhA jsv hf denX mfsv, wvqD ilGf dbsq
pfvf irfn jsv kfvf jfsIv. ilGfbwDb mdrtfvf jft djqfmsk
irfnjfvDslv -sj slsJ rfnsh. (vfjfdb 60ix}, Im} 76ix})
nckvfQ mcdmb bfvDv lc}J jvf dyk bq, jfdjbD rstW mb sYfe jvf nmDyDb
bq. nskAv uq zhLfdvk, zfu zKhf jft. mvsk njtsj rsh, iadkIt
njst ifsh.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

15

`msv bf msv bf jHc nkA pfrf, wk wkfDv dhmxdkv kst

bfdr msv si[fq, zimfsb rq bf yt, zfOfsk bf est.'
ilGfq Kfjfv ubA slWv-Hvf nQnfv sKsj ixKj rsq zftflf Ov hfdV jvfv ubA
D pdl kfv fmDsj kfjDl jsv ksh kf fmDv mfbf dyk; hvQ dbsu sKsj rWqf
dyk. dhswN jsv kfv Hfvf pdl zn{ iajxdkv rq. ntfsm ef uvvD bq sp,
dyvdlb Hf-Hf dmst j nQnfsv Kfjsk rsh. pf uvvD kf rt, zffrv Db
dbsuslv uDhb W idvshsw jfsqm jvf, zfsifsN fkxk-shfL W nrfqkf-nrfbcHCdk
vfJf. njst dmst dikf-mfkfv pKfnfLA snhf jvf. dj rfqsv! zffrsk siam W
dhsN jvsk dosq mfbcsNv mfsU mfbcNsj lcwmb rsk rq. rfvfsk rq jf
zfibsj. spsrkc, zffrv sysq zdLj zfib zfv sj?
ilfG dbsuv jfsY bq. sjfb ]lcv dbsuv syfJ h jsv pdl msb jsv sp, sn nm
dhVft sKsj dbvfil ksh kfv shfjfmD bq dj? sk]kct slsJ mcsJ ifdb zfnf
mfbcsNv j iajxdkok lclGm Hfh. zbcvi bfvDv snZlpG slsJ hlXsJqft W jcdyf
zfnfW mfbcsNv ubA fHfdhj. zkh rfk, syfJ W mcsJv nfmsb sk]kct Kfjst,
sk]kcstv ej o bfsj sn iashw jvst dush ifdb zfnfsj sj dj vjsk
ifvsh? ilGf bf jsv dj jfmstftcikf W hAdHyfsvv dYlaiK h jvf nHh?
bfvDv smfrbDqkf, jmbDqkf W msbfrfdvk tcdjsq Kfsj kfv tfwDtkfq. diaq
bhD hstb, zwDtkf hf dbtGkf sp dhNsq Kfsj, sn dhNqsj kf snZlpGrDb
jsv sIst; i[fsv tfwDtkf sp dhNsq Kfsj, sn dhNqsj kf snZlpGmq W
msbfrv jsv skfst. (n}dk} 1607bQ, mf})
nHA sthfsnv ilGf sKsj shv rWqf bfvD-fLDbkfv pcso ilGf hV dhvt. v mCt
jfvB rt tfrDbkf. sjbbf, tfwDtkf bfvDv HCNB. HCNB rfdvsq bfvD kfv
hnbW rfdvsqsY. DbD nQpm sb bfvD W kfv zdHHfhsjv msb. iv nQpsmv
hb jhfv dhdY rsq sost fm-YxJtkf hbAfv mk iahfdrk rq. kfsk
nQfv, dw[f, ydv, nh zbfqfsn sHsn pfq. swsN tfW zfv Kfsj bf. hvQ
tfrDbkf j bkcb `IAfwb' vsi `nHA' W `zfstfj iaf' bfsm ncidvdydk
tfH jsv. nkA skf, hot-jfef hfu W Yf]ef yct bf rst dj nHA bfvD rWqf pfq?
zfLf h[}t, H]cdVv H]fu W ufQ iHxdk sofib zs dlsbv zfstf bf sist dj
`zfstfj iff' rWqf pfq?!
htf hftA sp, mcndtm bfvD-dw[fv `ncshr nfslj' yfq, bfvD-slsrv bq. mcndtm
bfvD-dhsND bq, bfvD-dw[fv lcwmbW bq. mcndtm shilGf kKf zwDtkf W
hAdHyfsvv lcwmb. dw[f, iaodk, Sbdkjkf kKf ilGf nh mcndtsmv jfmA. zfv ilGf
iaodkv iK zhsvfL jvsk yfq bf; yfq shstfibf W bokfv iK v jvsk.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

16

i[fsv ilGfrDbkf; zffr W kf]v vnCstv zhfLAkf.

ilGfrDbkf; bokf, znHAkf, zwDtkf, tfrDbkf, NGfrDbkf W Lxkf.

ilGfrDbkf; nfQnfdvj zwfd, LNGB, zirvB, hAdHyfv iaHxdkv dYiK.
ilGfrDbkf; spZb subfv nrfqj. mfbhviD wqkfbslv y[cwDktjfvD.
ilGfrDbkf; lcjxkDslv bqbfdHvfm.
ilGfrDbkf; sjht LmGDq wxJt sKsj bfvD-fLDbkf bq, hvQ nHA idvYslv
sOvfsefi sKsj bfvDv snZlpG iajfw W slrmcdv bfmfv.
ilGfrDbkf; djqfmskv jfdtmf W zjfv.
ilGfrDbkf; dhufkDq htDnD W ufsrdtqfdk iaKf. hvQ nHA pcsov bokf
slsJ ufsrdtqfskv ilGfrDbfvfW tf ifsh.
shilGfv ubA ufrffsmv zfocb sKsj sjfb ilGf sb.

ianfLb W znf
bfvDv vimfLcvD W snZlpGtfhBA bfvDv ohG. kfv vi-spZhb nxd rsqsY jmf
sjht kfv fmDv ubA. fmDsj sn vi irfv bf dlsk ifvst sjfb mCtA Kfsj bf
bfvDv. vi-spZhb fmDsj irfv dlsq jk sp zfbl, sn skf bfvDvf ufsb.
nclv zsv iv zvfo dlsq zfsvf msbfrfvD W stfHbDq jsv fmDsj irfv
dlsq Hsq ivmfbl W iajxk lfikA-ncJ tcesk ifsv ifdKGh nQnfsv.
nckvfQ z pfv ubA dbshdlk zvfoW kfv ubA dbdlG. fmD hAkDk zbA
jfsvf ubA znf jvf W kf ialwGb jvf ShL bq.
pcsov kfst kfst bfvDslv zvfo, smjzfi W ianfLb-nfmoaD zdkwq shsV
sEsY. pfv rftft W rfvfm rWqfv jdifKv rt sp, ianfLbhA hAhrfsv
spb zsv hf ksjv sjfb [dk bf rq. shA spb sjfb ijfv zShL hf zidh
h dmdwak bf Kfsj, kf spb dhufkDq mdrtfslv ShdwA bf rq. (spmb dnlcv, dei
iaHxdk) hQ kf spb shofbfv nfmsb iajfw bf ifq. (I} 2/771)
nckvfQ wvDqskv nDmfv mfsU sKsj bfvD sp sjfb ianfLb sjht fmDv mb
zfjNGsBv ubA hAhrfv jvsk ifsv. idvLfb jvsk ifsv sp sjfb sifwfj kfv
nfmsb, sjht kfsj Hfstf tfofsbfv ubA. nfu-nfskW tcdjsq Kfsj
Hfstfhfnfv vrnA. i[fsv D pdl fmDv ubA znf bf jsv; iv hfsv sost
hf zfv jfsvf ubA ianfLb jsv, ksh dbyq sn bfvD siam-iajxdkv dhsvfLD. bsy{ sn

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

17

fmDv siam W lxd zfjNGBsj uvvD Hfsh bf. - mb bfvD rkHfoD Sh dj? sn ufsb
bf sp, kfv dbsuv slfsN fmD zbAfn rsq iVsh.
efeXdIe ycX sifwfj sjht fmDv lxd zfjNGsBv sswA hfdVv dHkv idvLfb
ShL. zhwA sjfb ofbf W mdrtfv nfmsb, mb dj dikf-mfkf hf sYst-smsqslv
nfmsbW hAhrfv dyk bq. (I} 2/825)
sjht fmDv lxd zfjNGsBv ubA hf hAhrfv ShL. zsbAv ubA sLfjfv sswA kf
zShL. (Imfmc} 1/470)
sp sifwfsj zKhf ztfsv sjfb iajfsvv mfbcN hf uDh-uv Ydh zdk Kfsj kf
hAhrfv jvf ShL bq. spsrkc ntfm Ydh W mCdkGv sOfv dhsvfLD. (Iu} 40ix})
sp sthfn hf ztfsv cw, wJ, niG hf zbAfbA sjfb dhufkDq LmGDq ikDj dydk
Kfsj mcndtsmv ubA kfW hAhrfv jvf ShL bq. (Ifmcdb} 7ix})
db smfsFt hf IAfwsbv idvYl hAhrfv kJb ShL, pJb kf ilGfv jfu slsh
hQ kfsk sjfb drsvf-drsvfb hf jfsIvslv zbcjvB rsh bf. (Ifmcdb} 12ix})
AfeG-hfu hf AfeG-sod mcndtm mdrtfv sFn bq. hfdVsk ofbfv nfmsb sn
sFn ivf dyk; pfsk otf sKsj ifsqv o]fe ipG ilGfq Kfsj. zfv (dhbf shfvjfq)
shofbfv nfmsb W hfsv sost skf db}nslsr kf ivf rfvfm. (Ifmcdb} 21ix})
iAfe-wfeG mcndtmslv sFn bq. djYc wskGv nfsK ivf ShL rstW mdrtfvf kf
hAhrfv jvsk ifsv bf; pdlW kf dTstTftf rq hQ efedIe bf rq. ubA sp,
kf rt icvNslv sFn. zfv icvsNv shwLfdvBD bfvD zdHwf. (Ifmcdb} 30-31ix})
sjwdhbAfsn mdrtfv dn]dK rsh mfKfv mfsU. zHAfsnv dhsvfdLkf jsv sn mfKfv
j nfsF dn]dK jvsk ifsv bf.(I}2/827) nfLfvBk} IAfwb Dblfv mdrtfslv bq.
shBD hf y]cde so]sK mfKf h]fLf m. sJ]fif hf stfeb mfKfv isv h]fLf zShL.
diYb dlsj OfsVv iv pdl jfisVv iv kfv ykf W zfjfv busv zfsn ksh
kfW ShL bq. mdrtfv yct shwD hf tf zfsY -jKf spb ivicvsN zflfu bf
jvsk ifsv. spsrkc bfvDv ncsjw j snZlpG; pf sjfb iajfsv shofbfv nfmsb iajfw
jvf rfvfm. (I} 2/830, Im} 94ix})
diaq bhD hstb, zfmfv swN pfmfbfv mskv msLA djYc mb stfj rsh pfvf
Osvv mk dubX (smfev ofdV)sk nWqfv rsq mnduslv lvufq lvufq bfmsh. (ofdV
jsv bfmfp iVsk zfnsh.) zfv kfslv mdrtfvf rsh zLGbof; pfslv mfKf jxw ]sev
jc]suv mk (sJ]fif) rsh. skfmvf kfslvsj zdHwfi jsvf. jfvB, kfvf zdHwf!
(mczf} 2/223, dr}, kfhf}, dnn} 2683bQ)

HdhNA{hfBD sp jk nkA kf htfv zsi[f vfsJ bf!

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

18

mfKfv Usv-ivf-sjw mfdesk i]csk sItf m. spsrkc dhswN jsv mdrtfv yct
sJspfoA lDOG rst kf pchjslv mb jfsV. iv yct dbsq pflcW jvf pfq. kf
spJfsb-snJfsb bf sItf dyk. (Im}99ix})
mdrtfv yct W sjwlfm zmCtA nil, kf dhq jvf ShL bq.
mdrtfvf ycst sJpfh hf jtI hAhrfv jvsk ifsv. ksh jfstf vsMv jtI hAhrfv
rfvfm. hflfmD, snfbftD, tftsy iaHxdk jtI dlsq vMfsk ifsv. ksh kfsk spb
sjfb drsvfb hf jfsIv bfvDv zbcjvB hf shwLfvB swA bf rq.(Ifmcdb}25ix},kfmc}30ix})
snZlspGv ubA nfmsbv djYc yct Y]fef zShL bq. ksh sjfb drsvfb hf jfsIv
mdrtfslv zbcjvB jsv kfslv mk zKhf icvNslv mk jsv sY]se `nfLbf-jfe', hf
`drd-jfe' kAfdl rfvfm. (I} 2/826-831, Im} 107-111ix})
kfYfVf nclDOG sjwlfm ncsjdwbDv j msbfstfHf snZlpG, pf sY]se b bf jvf
m. (Imfmc} 2/512-515)
fmDv lxd zfjNGsBv sswA - zsKGv ziyq bf rst - smdwb fvf yct j]cyjfsbf
hf KfjXKfjX jvf ShL. (I} 2/829) ksh kf sjfb icvN sntcsb zhwA bq. mdrtf
sntcsb mdrtfv dbje nh ShL. ksh ocfsv stfm zfdl (Shfdbj idksk)
idvjfv jvsk sjfb mdrtfv jfsYW tffb sJftf ShL bq. (Ifmcdb} 13ix}, vfJc} 103ix})
jxdm yct hf ivyctf (sesnt) zfdl sjw shwD slJfhfv sswA hAhrfv rfvfm,
fmD yfstW kf mfKfq tfofsbf pfsh bf. diaq bhD hstb, sp bfvD kfv mfKfq
mb yct hfVdk tfofq pf kfv mfKfv bq, sn kfv mfKfq ufdtqfdk nQspfo jsv.
(nuf} 2705bQ)

sp smsqvf mfKfq ivyctf tfdosq hV sJ]fif ialwGb jsv zffr vnCt kfslv
iv zdHnifk jsvsYb. (nuf} 5104bQ, I} 2/829)
zhwA sjfb mdrtfv mfKfq pdl zfslZ yct bf Kfsj ksh de Tfjfv ubA kfv
is[ ivyctf hAhrfv ShL. (I} 2/836, Im} 83ix})
sy]sY nv yf]slv mk jsv snZlpG zfbqb ShL bq. fmD yfstW bq. spsrkc
sY]Vf hf yf]Yfsk zffrv nxdsk idvhkGb jvf rq; pfsk k]fv zbcmdk sb. kfYfVf
bhD mb smsqslvsjW zdHwfi jsvsYb. (nuf} 5104bQ, Im} 72,94ix}) zbcvi
jift sy]sYW snZlpG zfbf zShL. (dnn} 6/692)
mdrtfv ofst hf Wsv isv icvsNv lfdV-smfsyv mk lc-jef hf kskfdLj stfm
Kfjst kf kcst sItfq slfN sb. jfvB, dhjxk zs fHfdhj zfjxdk W waD dIdvsq
zfbsk wvDqskv zbcmdk zfsY. (I} 2/832, Im} 94ix})
bfj IcdVsq kfsk sjfb ztfv hAhrfv ShL. (Im} 82ix})

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

19

slso mcsJ-rfsk bf jvf ShL bq. vi slso bf sp hfdbsq slq hQ pfv ubA
hfbfsbf rq Hqsj bhD zdHnifk jsvsYb. (nuf} 5104bQ, kfmc} 29ix})
fmDv lxd W mb zfjNGsbv ubA sE]fe-ifdtw, oft-ifdtw iaHxdk zvfo hAhrfv
ShL; pdl kfsk sjfb iajfv rfvfm hf [dkjv ilfKG dmdwak bf Kfsj. (I} 2/829)
lf]k OsN If]j-I]fj jsv dyvbl]fkDv vi zfbf ShL bq. mb bfvDW bhD v
mcsJ zdHwf. (n}uf} 5104bQ, zfdp} 203ix})
zhwA sjfb l]fk zfHfdhj W zswfHbDq vsi hf]jf hf zdkdv (jcjcvl]fk)
Kfjst kf dnLf jvf hf kcst sItf ShL. (kfmc} 28ix}, Im} 94ix})
bJ sjse sItf mfbcsNv j iajxdkok vDdk. iadk nfsr jhfv bf ifvstW
40dlsbv dHkv sjse sItsk rq. (mc}, zflf}, bf}, dk}, zfdp} 206ix}) dj iajxdkv
dhivDk jsv jkj mdrtf bJ tf jvfq snZlpG zfsY msb jsv. dbYj ifyfskAv
mdrtfslv zbcjvsB znHA tf Lfvfstf bsJ bJ-ifdtw tfdosq hbA nclvD nfsu.
dj sp hAd sp ufdkv zbcjvB jsv sn sn ufdkv ltHc. (zflf, zf}, zfdp} 205ix})
bsJ bJifdtw hAhrfv zShL bq, ksh Wpcv iCshG kcst sItsk rsh. bsy{ Wpc
rsh bf. (vfJc} 101ix}) zhwA v ubA m nmq rt mfdnsjv jsqj dlb. ksh
sofnstv iCshG zhwA kcst sItsk rsh.
mdrtfslv ycst, rfsk W ifsq smsrlD hAhrfv mfdnjfhfskW ShL. hvQ
mdrtfslv bJ nhGlf smsrlD fvf vdsq vfJf m. (zflf}, dm} 4467bQ) sk hQ
zbcvi zftkfsk ifdb zfejfq bf. nckvfQ bf kcst Wpc-sofnt rsq pfsh. (Im} 26ix})
vM hAhrfv icvNslv ubA ShL bq. zhwA yct-lfdVsk jtI tfofsk ifsv; ksh
jfstf vQ bq.
ifsq bcicv ivf ShL pdl kfsk hfubf bf Kfsj. hfubf Kfjst hfsv pfWqf zKhf
shofbfv nfmsb w jsv ytf rfvfm. sjht fmD hf ofbfv nfmsb hfubflfv bcicv
hf skfVf zfdl hAhrfv slfsNv bq. (Im} 80ix})
zdkdv ]yc nv drt-skftf uckf hAhrfv ShL bq. jfvB sk bfvDv ytsb mb
Hd nxd rq pf lxd-zfjNGD; pfsk icvN iatc rq. kfYfVf sk zfYfV sJsq
dhiloa hf tfdkf rWqfv zfwfW Kfsj. (vfJc} 86ix})
fmDv ubA dbsusj nhGlf ncvdHkf jsv vfJfq bfvDskv j zfbl zfsY.
Hfstfhfnfq pfsk OcB bf Lsv; hvQ kf pfsk ofP sKsj ofPkv rq sn syf fmD-Dv
Hqsj vfJf dyk. ksh mdrtf sjfb sneX hf sneXufkDq ianfLb hAhrfv j'sv
hfsv shofbfv nfmsb spsk ifsv bf. jfvB, kfv dbje sKsj sneX spmb fmDv mb
W LAfb zfjNGB j'sv nc spZbhfnbf ufok jsv, jfmfbt iaufdtk jsv dEj
skmdb ivicvsNv mb, LAfb, spZhb iaHxdk zfjx rq. kf skf pfvf sneX hAhrfv

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

20

jsv hfsv shofbf icvsNv nfmsb pfq kfslvsj wvDqsk `shwAf' htf rsqsY. (dm}
1065bQ)

Jfsb sJqft vfJfv dhNq sp, snse spb sjfrt hf didve dmdwak bf Kfsj; Kfjst
kf hAhrfv (zsbsjv dbje) ShL bq. (mh} 20/185, I} 1/203)
sjfb dhjxk zs snZlpG zfbqsbv ubA zifsvwb ShL. dj derDb zs
zdLj snZlpG zfbqsbv sswA zsfiyfv jvf ShL bq. (Im} 92ix}) i[fsv
zdkdv zfct hf mfQn rfsk hf slsrv sjfb zs tesj Kfjst kf sjse sItf
ShL. (pDmfbc} 122 ix})
sjfb zfdj de Tfjfv ubA jxdm z hAhrfv lCNBDq bq. spmb, snfbfv
h]fLfsbf bfj, l]fk kAfdl hAhrfv jvf pfq. (I} 2/833)
nkjGkfv dhNq sp, ztfv W sifwfj-idvYl dbsq mdrtfmrst mdrtfslv
zfsifsn ohG jvf hQ lxd zfjNGsBv ubA [sB [sB `sFn syX' jvf hf ztfv
hlst ivf hf Fht nfqf kAfdl ivf Hfstf smsqv t[B bq. ohG mb j jmG pfsk
mfbcN stfjys[ JhG rsq pfq. diaq bhD hstb, pf Yf JfW-iv, ksh spb lc'de
dudbn bf Kfsj; ziyq W ohG.(hc})
zffr kfzftf nclv. dkdb snZlpG W idvYkf iYl jsvb. dj sk nmq W
zsKGv ziyq jvf ShL bq. jfvB, dkdb zihAqjfvDsj iYl jsvb bf. iv
zihAqjfvDvf wqkfsbv Hf-shfb.
i[fsv, Icstv snZvH W vsiv soZvh KfsjW bf shwD dlb.
`snZlpG-odhGkf Wsof vfbD!
skfmfv jmbDq vmA slrJfdb,
kh spZhsbv zfbl hfrfv
ufb dj sof, bsr kf skfmfv?'
j hxfv mcJmst tA slsJ jub mdrtf kfsj iaw jvt, skfmfv syrfvfq
hx hqsnW tfhBA IcesY, vi spb Jsbf pchkDv mk zfsY. kcdm sjfbX dm
hAhrfv jv sof?
hxf nrfsnA htt, lc sE]fse hAhrfv jdv nkAhfdlkfv dtidj, syfsJ hAhrfv
jdv (rfvfm sKsj) zhbk lxdv jfut, mcJmst hAhrfv jdv ilGfv dm W
sofibDqkfv ifWFfv, rfsk hAhrfv jdv isvfijfdvkfv sHutDb, slsr hAhrfv
jdv hflskv skt, zsv hAhrfv jdv zffrv siam, mdsj hAhrfv jdv iaf,
zfkfq hAhrfv jdv zfbcokA hQ iahxdv ubA hAhrfv jdv mfb.
nkA dj zmCtA dm bf hAhrfv jsv hxf. kf skf kfv syrfvfq mfbD tfhBA
W suAfdk.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

21

dhhfsrv iasqfubDqkf
mfbcN iajxdkokHfsh nmfuh rsq hfn jvsk zHA. jfjD hfn kfv Hfhdn bq. kf iasqfub isV ndbDv W djYc nfKDv; pfvf rsh jf zfib. dhhfr
mfbcNsj mb nfKD lfb jsv.
mfbcN nQnfsv qQniCBG bq. dhhfr mfbcNsj lfb jsv h zfkDq-ub, h nrfq
W nryv.
mfbcsNv iajxdksk sp spZb-[cLf zfsY, kf lCv jvfv ShL W ncwxJt hAhf rt
dhhfr.
dhhfr mfbcNsj nclv ydv lfb jsv, zShL lxd sKsj y[csj nQpk vfsJ,
tffb nQv[B jsv.
dhhfsrv mfLAsm zfdhHGfh rq mcndtm iausmv. sk rq hQw hxd, vnCt v
mk hxd.
ixdKhD zfhfl vfJfv ndEj W ncwxJt ShL hAhf dhhfr. dhhfr zfsb msb wfd,
rlsq dvkf, ydvs idhkf, uDhsb ivm ncJ. hQsw zfsb zfdHufkA,
zbfdhtkf. bfvD-icvNsj jsv dyvsiasm zfh. lfb jsv mb ncJmq lfikA,
pfsk Kfsj kAfo W dkdk[f, waf, siam, snr W {noG .
zffr kfzftf hstb,

zKGf{, kf]v dblwGbfhtDv msLA zfv jde dblwGb sp, dkdb skfmfslv mLA
rsk skfmfslv ndbDslvsj nxd jsvsYb; pfsk skfmvf Wslv dbje wfd ifW
hQ skfmfslv msLA ifvidvj Hfstfhfnf W snr nxd jsvsYb. dyfwDt
nilfsqv ubA sk zhwA dblwGb vsqsY. (jc} 30/21)
ntfsm ShvfsoAv sjfb fb sb.
ShvfoA nfLsb mcd sn zfmfv bq,
znQJA hb mfsU mrfblmq
tdHh mcdv fl----.
rt mcndtsmv uDhb. kf skf dhhfr jvf iaskAj bhDv nck W kvDjf. dhhfr
jvf j hflk. D-nm jvf nljfrXkctA. (mc} 1006bQ) spsrkc idvBsq
mcndtsmv dhswN swA Kfsj dbsusj hAdHyfv sKsj v[f jvf, Dv zdLjfv zflfq

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

22

jvf hQ kfsjW hAdHyfsvv rfk rsk v[f jvf, sbj nfb zfwf jvf, zShL lxd,
dyf iaHxdk sKsj dbsusj lCsv vfJf. diaq bhD hstb, mcndtm pJb dhhfr jsv
kJb sn kfv zsLGj mfb iCBG jsv, zkh hfjD zsLGjfQsw sn spb zffrsj Hq
jsv. (nuf} 6148bQ)
hAdHyfv sKsj hf]yfv ubA W idh uDhb oEsbv sswA dhhfr jvst lfiskA
zffrv nfrfpA zfsn. (nuf} 3050bQ, dm} 3089bQ)
zffr kfzftf hstb, skfmfslv msLA pfvf zdhhfdrk kfslv dhhfr niflb jv
hQ skfmfslv lfn-lfnDslv msLA pfvf n{ kfslvW. kfvf zHfhoa rst zffr
dbu zbcoasr kfslvsj zHfhmc jsv slshb. zffr skf iafycpGmq, nhG. (jc} 24/32)
uolXv mcrfmfl hstb, sr pchjlt! skfmfslv msLA sp hAd (dhhfsrv
zKGf{ Dv HvBsifNB W vdkdqfv) nfmKGA vfsJ sn spb dhhfr jsv. jfvB, dhhfr
y[csj lvmk nQpk jsv hQ tffb drIfpk jsv. zfv sp hAd nfmKGA
vfsJ bf sn spb svfpf vfsJ. jfvB, kf spZsbdq lmbjfvD. (hc}, mc}, dm} 3080bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, dhhfr jvf zfmfv nck (kvDjf). nckvfQ sp hAd zfmfv
nck (kvDjf) zbcpfqD zfmt jsv bf, sn zfmfv ltHc bq. (mf} 1846bQ)
nckvfQ dhsqv hqn rst, spZb-diifnfq zdk rst hQ dbsuv iv hAdHyfsvv
zKhf oc zHAfsn fA Hffv zfwf rst dht bf jsv pchsjv dhhfr jvf Wqfsuh.
hfdVv stfsjv dyk, sk kfsj nrfqkf jvf hQ `sYfe' hf `iVsY' hst dhhfsr hfLf
bf slWqf. spmb iCshG zfsvf zdhhfdrk Hf hf shfb Kfjst hQ kfslv dhsqv hAhf hf
Yf bf rst pchjsj dhhfsr hfLf slWqfv zdLjfv dikf-mfkfv hf zfv jfsvf sb.
zffrv zfbcoskA vusbv zfbcokA Wqfsuh. spJfsb zffrv zhfLAkfv Hq W
zfwf rsh, snJfsb zfv jfsvf zfbcokA sb. hvQ nh s[s dhswN jsv `mbmk
iB' bf ifWqfv ubA dhsq bf dlst mf-hfsiv zfbcokA rfvfm. nckvfQ pchsjv dyk,
pKfnmsq dhbf isB mf-hfi vfuD bf rstW vfuD jvsk syf jsv dhhfr jvf. bsy{ kfv
zdHHfhj zffr.
zsbj nmq Dblfv-ivsruofv idvshswv icBAmqD ncwDtf kvBDv ndrk dhhfsr mfhfi dbu sjfb fsKG vfuD rq bf. zKhf mb ifD dlsk yfq; sp Dblfv bq. Dblfv
pchsjv s[sW mf-hfsiv jKf bf mfbf DblfvD. (dbwf 3/42ix}, Im} 56ix})
Shhfdrj uDhb lc-jdlsbv nIv bq; pfsk lc-jdlb iv nruHfsh nD idvhkGb
jvf pfsh. nckvfQ Jfsb sYst-smsq njstv hcUfiVf W iYslv zdLjfv zfsY.
i[fsv Db YfVf zbA fsKG sYst pdl mf-hfsiv jKf bf smsb kfslvsj bfvfu jsv
dhhfr jsv, ksh mb sYst dbyq zhfLA. zhfLA mfkf-dikfv hQ zhfLA zffr W
kf]v vnCstv. dhNsq zfsvf djYc zfstfybf zfnsh `dhhfr iafh W kfv wkGfhtD'sk.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

23

zShL dhhfr
dhhfr-hsb zfh rsq bfvD-icvN ShLHfsh spZbncJ isHfo jvsk ifsv. dj
sjfbX icvN bfvDv ubA ShL hQ sjfbX bfvD icvsNv ubA zShL hf zomAf kfv
dhfdvk dhLfb vsqsY ntfsm. (jc}4/23) zShL bfvDsj zKhf zShL dbqsm dhhfr
jsv nQnfv jvst hAdHyfv jvf rq.
mb jkjdt jfvB vsqsY pfv jfvsB bfvD-icvsNv zfsifsn sjfb nmsq dhhfr
ShL bq.

iaKm jfvB, vsv nijG }-

bfvD-icvsNv mfsU vsv nijG Kfjst spsrkc j zisvv zQw oBA rq kf

kfslv zfsifsn dhhfr rfvfm. vf rt;
1- icvsNv is[; kfv mf, lflD, bfbD hQ bfvDv is[; kfv hfi, lfslf W bfbf.
2- icvsNv is[; kfv jbAf (sheD) hQ bfdkb W icdkb, zfv bfvDv is[; kfv
ic (sYst) hQ bfdk W sifkf.
3- icvsNv is[; kfv (nsrflvf, ShdisqD W ShmfsqD) shfb, hcbdU, HfdU W
kfslv smsq, Hfsif W hcbsifv smsq. zfv bfvDv is[; kfv (nsrflv, Shdisq hf
Shmfsq) Hf, Hfsif, hcbsif W kfslv sYst hQ HfdU W hcbdUv sYst.
4- icvsNv is[; kfv IcIc (hfsiv nsrflvf, ShdisqD hf ShmfsqD shfb) hQ
bfvDv is[; kfv yfyf (hfsiv nsrflv, Shdisq hf Shmfsq Hf).
5- icvsNv is[; kfv Jftf (mfsqv nsrflvf, ShdisqD hf ShmfsqD shfb) hQ
bfvDv is[; kfv mfmf (mfsqv nsrflv, Shdisq hf Shmfsq Hf).
iajfw sp, n{ mfsqv shfb (n{ Jftf) icvsNv ubA hQ n{ mfsqv Hf (n{ mfmf)
bfvDv ubA rfvfm hf mfrvfm bq. slv zfsifsn dhhfr ShL.
6- icvsNv is[; kfv hfi-mfsqv Jftf hf IcIc hQ bfvDv is[ kfv hfi-mfsqv
yfyf hf mfmf zShL. (mh} 9/73)
iajfw sp, icvsNv ubA kfv Jftfskf, IcIfskf, mfmfskf, yfyfskf shfb W hcbdU ShL
W omA. zbcvi bfvDv ubA kfv Jftfskf, IcIfskf, mfmfskf, yfyfskf Hf W Hfsif
ShL W omA.
zfhfv icvsNv is[; kfv (mfmfv mxkcA hf kftfsjv iv) mfmD, (yfyfv mxkcA hf
kftfsjv iv) yfyD hQ bfvDv is[ kfv (Jftfv mxkcA hf kftfsjv iv) Jftc (IcIcv

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

24

mxkcA hf kftfsjv iv) sIfIf omA. iCshGf omA-omAfv mfsU dhhfr ShL W ilGf
Wqfsuh.
vsv nijG pdl jxdm rq ksh dhhfr rfvfm bq. nckvfQ (svfdobDsj v dlsq
hf]dysq kfsj dhhfr jvf vlfkf icvsNv ubA zShL bq. zbcvi fmD Dsj hf D
fmDsj v lfb jvst dhhfsrv sjfb [dk rq bf. (mh} 3/370, 4/332)

dkDq jfvB } Shhfdrj nijG.

1- icvsNv ubA (D W wwcsvv mxkcA hf kftfsjv isvW) wfwcVD, bfbwfw W

lflwfw. (Dv ndrk dmtb bf rstW) dyvksv rfvfm. zbcvi bfvDv is[ kfv
wwcv, lfslfwwcv W bfbfwwcv zomA.
2- vdmkf (pfv nfsK nm rsqsY mb) Dv (ziv fmDv) jbAf W kfv hQwufk
jbAf W icdkb hf bfdkb. (Dv ndrk dmtb rst ksh. bsy{ dmtsbv iCshG mfvf
sost hf kftfj dlst kfv smsq zShL hf zomAf bq.) klbcvi bfvDv ubA kfv
fmDv (ziv Dv) sYst W kfv hQwufk sYstW zShL.
3- icvsNv ubA kfv n{mf (hfi kfv nfsK dmtb jvj zKhf bf jvj. hfi mfvf
sost hf kftfj dlstW) rfvfm. zbcvi n{ lflD hQ bfbDW.
bfvDv ubA kfv n{hfi (mfsqv ndrk kfv dmtb rst) zomA. zbcvi n{ lfslf
hQ bfbfW rfvfm.
4- icvsNv ubA kfv dbsuv ichLC (zfib vnufk sYstv D) zbcvi ickh
W bfkh hQ bfvDv ubA kfv dbsuv oHGufk jbAfv fmD (ufmf) zbcvi
bfkufmf W ickufmf zShL.
nckvfQ icvsNv ubA kfv n{wfwcVD, Dv lcLmf, (dhkdjGk) hQ iftdqD mf rfvfm
bq. zbcvi bfvDv ubA kfv n{wwcv, fmDv lcLhfi (dhkdjGk) hQ iftdqkf hfi
zShL bq.
fmDv j Dv sYst-smsqv ndrk dkDqf Dv iChG fmDv vnufk sYst-smsqv
dhhfr ShL. (mh} 2/262, 9/67)
iajfw sp, Shhfdrj nCs dmtsbv Ist pfslv ndrk dhhfr zShL hAdHyfv nCs
dmtsbv Ist kfslv ndrk dhhfr zShL djbf kf dbsq shw dhkjG vsqsY. zKGf{
spmb dhhfsrv iCshG sjfb bfvDv ndrk hAdHyfv jvst kfv mf hf smsqsj dhhfr jvf
rfvfm rsh djbf hQ dhhfsrv isv hAdHyfv jvst bfvDv mf hf smsq (sp
icvsNv D) kfv is[ rfvfm rsq pfsh djbf, wwcv-h- hAdHyfv jvst sYstv
iv kfv D rfvfm rsq pfsh dj bf, hAdHyfvufk jbAfsj dhhfr jvf pfsh dj bf,
-nh dhNsq h mksHl vsqsY. zhwA sjfb is[v dbjse nrDr sjfb ltDt

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

25

sb. pdlW zbcmfb, zdHvdy W dhshjmsk rfvfm nfhA rWqf dyk. (dn} pqDIfr
1/566, Jdkqfvfk hsb kfdmqAfr 585-588ix}, IfkfWqf mcrfml dhb hfrDm 10/130)

iv h tfmf hstb, jfsvf ndrk hAdHyfv jvst sn D hQ kfv mf wfwcVD

rsq pfq bf. nckvfQ sk hAdHyfsvv sjfb iHfh sb. (mcm} 7/44)
Sbdkj SwdKstAv mb zwDtkf, iwck W nmnAf sKsj zffr mcndtm nmfusj
mc W idh vfJcb. zfmDb.
i[fsv ShLvsi D msb jsv nrhfn jvst nisjG iHfh isV. spmb; dhhfrhb wc bf rsq nrhfn jvst zKhf nrhfn jvfv iv ufbf sot sp, Dv nfsK
fmDW sjfb lcL-mfsqv lcL ifb jsvsY. s[s D rfvfm nfhA rsh hQ kfv mf W
smsqsj dhhfr jvf icvsNv ubA rfvfm rsh. ( 7/45)

kxkDq jfvB } lcsLv nijG.

pdl sjfb dwwc (sYst zKhf smsq) sjfb dH mdrtfv lcL ifb jsv Kfsj, ksh sn
kfv lcLmf. zhwA `lcLmf' nfhAsv ubA jsqjde wkG vsqsY;
1- lcLifb dwwcv 2hYv hqsnv dHksv rsk rsh. lc'hYv ifv rsq lcLifb
jvst `mf' nfhA rsh bf. (jc} 2/233)
2- kxdnrjfsv i]fy zKhf kskfdLj hfv lcLifb jvsh. (mc}) bhx ycsN zKhf
mfsifN, yfmy djQhf bstv nfrfspA lcL sise sost ksh `mf' nfhA rsh. (zfdJdb})
`lcLmf' nfhA rst kfv ndrk hQ v-nijGDq zbAfbA zfkDqv bAfq mfsqv
hQswv njstv ndrk dhhfr zShL rsh. (hc} 5099bQ, mc})
nckvfQ vDdkmk lcLifbjfvD icvN kfv lcL-mf, lcL-shfb, lcL-Jftf, lcL-HfdU,
lcL-shfbdU iaHxdksj dyvdlsbv ubA dhhfr jvsk ifvsh bf. klbcvi lcLifbjfdvBD
mdrtfv kfv lcL-hfi, lcL-Hf, lcL-yfyf, lcL-mfmf, lcL-Hfsif, lcL-hcbsif iaHxdkv
ndrk dhhfr ShL bq.
zhwA sp lcL ifb jsvsY kfv zbA Hf-shfsbvf mfsqv is[ hQ kfv
sYstsmsq hf zbAfbA zfkDqv is[ rfvfm bq. (mh} 6/263)
sjfb icvN pdl (dwwcshtfq) kfv lflDv lcL vDdkmk ifb jsv Kfsj ksh kfv
is[ v-nijGDq mdrtf YfVfW yfyfskf, IcIfskf hQ bfbDv lcL ifb jsv Kfjst
mfmfskf Jftfskf shfbW rfvfm. jfvB, shfsbvf kJb lcL-HfdU W lcLshfbdUsk idvodBk rsq pfq. (mh} 6/266)
sJA sp, wxfsvv nmq Dv lcL mcsJ sost fmD-Dv dhhfr-hsb sjfb [dk rq
bf. jfvB, ef vDdkmk lcL ifb bq.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

26

ykcKG jfvB } dtzfb.

fmDv nQnfsv sKsj pdl D hAdHyfv j'sv kf zDjfv jsv hQ hAdHyfsvv

iv pdl fmD 4 ub nf[D jfuDv nfmsb idk bf jvsk ifsv ksh jfuD
iaskAjsj jnm jvfshb; iaKsm fmD htsh, `zfdm zffrv wiK jsv htdY sp,
zfdm zfmfv D zmcjsj sp hAdHyfsvv zihfl dlsqdY kfsk nkAhflD.'
vi yfvhfv htfv iv imhfsv kfsj Kfdmsq jfuD htshb, `zffrsj Hq
jv, (swN jnm)ef zffrv zfpfh zdbhfpGjfvD. (nkA ht. jfvB,)
zfsJvfskv zfpfh rsk lcdbqfv zfpfh (dmKAf zihfl slWqfv wfd) nrukv.'
visvW pdl sn dhvk bf rq ksh imhfsv htsh, `zfdm zfmfv D zmcjsj sp
hAdHyfsvv zihfl dlsqdY, kfsk pdl zfdm dmKAfhflD r kfrst zfmfv iv
zffrv zdHwfi srfj!'
zk}iv D zbcvi htsh, `zfdm zffrv wiK jsv htdY sp, zfmfsj zfmfv
fmD zmcj sp hAdHyfsvv zihfl dlsqsY kfsk W dmKAfhflD.'
vi yfvhfv htfv iv imhfsv Kfdmsq jfuD kfsj htshb, zffrsj Hq jv,
ef zffrv zfpfh zdbhfpGjfvD, (nkA ht. jfvB,) zfsJvfskv zfpfshv sysq
lcdbqfv zfpfh (hAdHyfsvv wfd) nrukv.'
visvW pdl dhvk bf rq kfrst imhfsv sn htsh, `zfmfsj zfmfv fmD
zmcj sp hAdHyfsvv zihfl dlsqsY kfsk pdl W nkAhflD rq kfrst zfmfv iv
zffrv oph srfj!'
klCv jvfv iv jfuD fmD-Dv mfsU dhsYl jsv slshb. zfv sk jfsvf wfd
rsh bf. (jc} 24/6-9, hc}, dm} 3307bQ)
Lvsbv tf'bk W zdHwfsiv dhsYlsj `dtzfb' hst. dhsYl rWqfv iv
D fmDv ubA dyvksv rfvfm rsq pfq. sjfb iajfsv zfv icbdhGhfr ShL bq.
(zfdJdb} 116ix})

iajfw sp, v, lcL W Shhfdrj nisjGv Ist pfslv zfsifsn dyvksv dhhfr
zShL sjht kfslv nfmsb mdrtfv ilGf sb. hfjD hck, ifkfsbf, hf iDv Lvfv
(?) Ist sj rfvfm rq bf. nckvfQ hcv shfb, ifkfsbf shfb hQ iDv-shfsbv (?)
nfsKW dhhfr rftft hQ ilGf Wqfsuh.
zfsvf mb jkjocdt jfvB vsqsY pfsk bfvD-icvsNv dhhfr dyvksv rfvfm bq;
ksh nfmdqjHfsh rfvfm. sn dbdlG nmq zdkhfdrk rst dhhfr ShL. mb jfvBW
jsqjde.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

iaKm jfvB } jcIXv W dwjG.

27

sjfb mcndtm (bfvD-icvN) sjfb jfsIv hf mcwdvj (bfvD-icvN)sj dhhfr jvsk

ifsv bf. zhwA ntfm LsmG lDd[k rst kfv ndrk dhhfr ShL. hAifsv mrfb
zffr hstb,
zfv zQwDhflD vmBD sp ipG mcntmfb bf rq skfmvf kfsj dhhfr jsvf bf.
mcwdvj bfvD skfmfslv iYl rstW dbyq mcndtm DklfnD kfv sysq m. zfv
mcntmfb bf rWqf ipG zQwDhflD icvsNv nfsK jbAfv dhhfr dlW bf. zQwDhflD
icvN skfmfslv iYl rstW mcndtm Dklfn kfv sysq m. jfvB, Wvf
skfmfslvsj ufrffsmv dlsj zfrhfb jsv hQ zffr skfmfslvsj dbu zbcoar W
[mfv dlsj zfrhfb jsvb. (jc} 2/221)
mc'dmb bfvDoB jfsIv icvNslv ubA hQ jfsIv icvNvf mc'dmb bfvDslv ubA
ShL bq. (jc} 60/10)
dwqf, jfslqfbD, jhcvD, mfpfvD hQ mkfsv shbfmfpD iaHxdk if-ifDv ndrk
sjfb (kWrDlhflD) mcndtm if-ifDv dhhfr ShL bq. (mh} 16/115,17/61, 28/93)
i[fsv zfnmfbD djkfhLfvD qflD W dJfb nydvf bfvDsj (ntfm oarB bf
jvstW) mcndtm icvN dhhfr jvsk ifsv. (jc} 5/5) ksh v sysq mcndtm bfvD sp
m kfsk sjfb nslr sb. dj sjfb mcndtm bfvDv ndrk sjfb djkfhLfvD
icvsNv dhhfr ShL bq; pk[B bf sn ntfm oarB jsvsY. spsrkc ntfm dyv
k, zhbk rq bf. kfYfVf mcndtmvf njt bhDv idk mfb vfsJ, dj
djkfhLfvDvf ntfsmv nhGswN bhD v idk mfb vfsJ bf. (rfrf} 245ix})
ijfw sp, mcndtm bfmLfvD mcwdvjvf (pfvf zffr YfVf iDv, jhv hf mfpfsvv
dbje iasqfubfdl dH[f jsv kfvf) zfrst djkfshv mk bq. kfslv ndrk dhhfrwflD ShL bq. (mh} 28/93)
sjfb icvN ntfm orB jvstW yeX jsv kfv ndrk mcndtm bfvDv dhhfr slWqf
dyk bq. mcndtm rsq bfmfp-svfpf W zbAfbA LmGDq dhNq iftb jvsY dj bf, kf
slJf dyk. bsy{ mbW rsk ifsv (hvQ zdLjfQw mbef rq) sp, mcndtm
pchkDv vi W siasm mc rsq sjht kfsj ifhfv sswA bfsm mf mcndtm rsq
ntfsm I]fdj slq. (Im} 46ix})
sjfb mcndtm icvN zmcndtm bfvDsj dhhfr jvsk yfst kfsj iajxk mcndtm jsv
k slsJ kfviv dhhfr jvsh. bfmfp-svfpf iaHxdksk pkhfb bf rst dhhfr ShL
rsh bf. (hc} 5286bQ, Ibf} 2/357)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

28

dkDq jfvB }- zisvv fmDk}-

zisvv dhhfdrkf D kfv fmDsk Kfjsk zfv zbA icvsNv ubA ShL bq. sn mfvf
dosq zKhf kftfj dlsq skv pKf nmq zdkhfdrk bf rWqf ipG vmBDsj
dhhfr jvf rfvfm. nckvfQ mdrtf zfnst omAf dj zisvv fmDsk Kfjfv ubA
nfmdqjHfsh zsbAv is[ zShL. mb dhhfdrkf nLhfsj sj dhsq jvstW dhhfrhb rq bf. sn iaKm fmDv zdLjfvHcf Kfsj, zfv dkDq fmD hAdHyfvD rq.
iv jde mdrtf jfdLj fmD oarB jvsk ifsv bf. jfvB sk hQw W nfsbv
zhf nhGrfvf rq. i[fsv jub icvN jfdLj D (4de ipG) oarB jvsk
ifsv. (jc} 4/3) jfvB, sk Hq Kfsj bf.
kfYfVf htf hftA sp, ntfm mfbhiajxdkv ubA nfmnAiCBG LmG. uDhsbv
nhGiajfv nmnAfv nmfLfb J]csu dmst LsmG. mfbhjCstv njt mfbcsNv iajxdk,
spZb[cLf hf jfmwd nmfb bq. D kfv hDpGhfb fmDv niCBG [cLf bfW dmefsk ifsv;
dhswN jsv pdl sn svfof rq zKhf kfv kcv nmq lDOGfqD rq. i[fsv hAdHyfvW
mfbhydvsv iadkjCt.
D hAf rst hQsw hfdk slhfv ubA nfb tfsHv sswA zKhf jub dhLhf hf
idvkAfv snZHfoA dIdvsq zfbsk hQ zfsvf zbAfbA pcdpc jfvsB dkDq,
kxkDq W ykcKG dhhfr nQnfsv iasqfub rq. zfv ef Sbdkjkfv idviD bq. ydv
W Sbdkjkfv iadkjCt skf j hf jfdLj iikD hf `oftGXn sIX' oarB jvf.
(kfmc} 67-75ix} la})

i[fsv jfdLj dhhfsrv wkG zfsY }-

1- j ns spb yfsvv zdLj bf rq.

2- Dslv mfsU spb bAfqivfqBkf Kfsj. HvB-sifNB, ydv-hAhrfv iaHxdksk
spb njtsj nmfb syfsJ slJf rq. njstv dbje spb nmfbHfsh vfd-hfn hf
zhfb jvf rq. bsy{ jfdLj dhhfr rfvfm. (jc} 4/3)
zhwA zsvv oc siamsj njstv ubA nmfbHfsh Hfo jvf znHh. (jc} 4/129)
kf zv pdl jfsj zdLj sisk yfq hf Hfstfhfsn ksh kf lCNBDq bq. dj
iajfswA njstv ndrk nmfb hAhrfv ialwGb Wqfsuh.
jfdLj dhhfr jvst sjfb Dv ml-yyGf zbA Dv dbje jvsh bf. sjfb Dsj
zbA D ians jcmhA hf jc{nf jvsk ncspfo slsh bf. kfslv zfsifsN pfsk
NGfOdek sjfb msbfmfdtbA hf lchGAhrfv bf rq kfv sJqft vfJsh. ixKj-ixKj hfnf
rst wfdv zfwf jvf pfq. bsy{ `dbm sk]skf, dbdNdl sk]skf, sk]skf mfjft It,

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

29

kfrfvW zdLj sk]skf lc' nkDsbv Ov.' dhswN jsv shilGf idvshw rst skf
dkmq bvj sn nQnfv.
iank} sJA sp, dkDq dhhfr jvfv nmq iaKm Dv zbcmdk uvvD bq.(mh} 25/67)
jcIvDv jfvsB fmDv zdLjfv sKsj dY rsq mcndtmslv pchdlbDvsi sjfb
mcufdrslv Hfso st j mfdnj ivD[fv iv zKhf oHG rst ianh W sbIfnjft
ipG zsi[fv iv zdLjfvHcf rsh; pdlW kfv fmD hkGmfsb uDdhk zfsY.(jc} 4/28)
sjfb mdrtfv fmD mfvf sost zKhf kftfj dlst sn kfv kjft ipG fmDv
zdLjfsv Kfsj. zkh sjfb vmBDsj kfv kjfst dhhfr jvf zShL. (jc} 2/235)
skv dhfdvk dhhvB isv zfnsh bwfzffr.
sjfb mdrtf oHGhkD Kfjst oHGjft kfv k. oHGfhfq dhhfr ShL bq. zShL
sofib sism pfv hAdHyfsv oHGhkD rsqsY sn siadmj dhhfr jvstW oHGfhfq
zfjXl nrDr bq. ianshv iv zfjXl nHh. (mh} 9/54,72)
sjfb mdrtfv fmD dbsJ]fu rst dbsJ]fu rWqfv dlb sKsj iCBG yfv hYv zsi[f
jvfv iv zfsvf yfv mfn lwdlb fmD-mxkcAv k iftb jsv dkDq fmD oarB
jvsk ifsv. dbLGfdvk nmsqv iCshG kfv dhhfr rfvfm. dhhfsrv iv kfv iChGfmD
dIsv st kfv Jdkqfv rsh; D sIv{ dbsk ifsv zKhf smfrv sIv{ dbsq kfsj
fmDv ubA kAfo jvskW ifsv. (mfbfvn nfhDt 2/88ix})
D yfst zfv bkcbHfsh dhhfr zfjXslv iasqfub sb. jfvB, D kfv hQ
dkDq zfjXl kfv dIsv zfnfv iv hfdkt. ksh kfsj dIsv sbWqfv iCshG D (j
mfdnj) k iftb jvsh. (I} 2/766) oHGhkD rst ianhjft ipG zsi[f
jvsh. zfv sn nmsq dkDq fmD sKsj ilGf Wqfsuh rsq pfsh.

kxkDq jfvB}- lc dbjefkDqv umfsqk

nfLfvBk} jfdLj dhhfsr zwfd shwD rq. nkDb kfv nkDbsj nrsu nsk
ifsv bf. nkDsb-nkDsb dhdYkf Kfsj. zkh nkDb jf dbjefkDq rst
zfkDqkfv hb dY rq, pf rfvfm. kfYfVf dbjefkDq nkDsbv jKfq ofsq Uftf
Lsv shwD. hfsV zdLj. jKfq hst `zfbnkDsb bfsV yfsV, shfb nkDsb icdVsq
mfsv.' kf ntfm mb jf dbjefkDqslvsj js Dvsi umf jvsk dbsNL
jsvsY. nckvfQ D Kfjsk kfv (nsrflvf, ShdisqD, ShmfsqD hf lcL) shfb (zKGf{,
wftD) sj dhhfr jvf rfvfm. klbcvi Dv hkGmfsb kfv Jftf hf shfbdU, IcIc hf
HfdUsj dhhfr jvf zShL. D mfvf sost hf kftfj dlst skv iv kfv
dbjefkDqv jfsj dhhfr jvsk hfLf sb.
Dv jfEhfsiv (hf mfsqv fmDv) zbA Dv smsqsj dhhfr jvsk slfN sb.(mh} 9/57)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

30

ykcKG jfvB } rvfm

r hf mvfq rvfm h]fLf zhfq dhhfr W dhhfsrv iqofm rfvfm. zhfq

jfsvf dhhfr rstW kf hfdkt. (pflct mfzfl 4/6)

im jfvB } yfsvv zdLj nQJAf

yfv D hkGmfb Kfjsk im dhhfr rfvfm. (jc} 4/3) yfsvv msLA sj sk Kfjst
kfv k swN bf rWqf ipG zbA dhhfr jvf pfsh bf.

N jfvB } dkb kftfj.

Dsj dkb kftfj dkb idhkfq dlst zKhf uDhsbv msLA dhdH nmsq dkbhfv
kftfj dlst Dsj icb} dhhfr jvf ShL bq. pdl jf kfsj icbvfq dIsv sisk
yfq, ksh D dkDq fmD W kfv spZbfl oarsBv iv sn sYfq kftfj dlst
zKhf mfvf sost ksh skv iv kfsj icbdhGhfr jvsk ifsv. bsy{ kfv iCshG bq.
(jc} 2/230)

Dsj dkb kftfj slWqfv iv tdk rsq Hct hcUsk sisv kfsj dIsv sisk
`rftftf' if zhtb ShL bq. zKfG{, Dsj rftft jvfv ubA idvjdikHfsh
sjfb hc hf yfyfskf-mfmfskf Hfsqv ndrk dhhfr dlsq j vfd hfn jsv kftfj
dlst isv skv iv dbsu dhhfr jvf j iajfv sLfjf hQ hAdHyfv. pfsk dkDq
fmD j vfd hAdHyfv jsv hQ iaKm fmD Dsj rftft msb jsv dIsv dbsqW
kfv ndrk dyvdlb hAdHyfv jvsk Kfsj. jfvB, iajxkis[ D Hfsh kfv ubA
rftft rq bf.
sp hAd rftft jvfv ubA vi dhhfr jsv, rflDsnv HfNfq sn rt `Lfv jvf
N]fV.' (o} 6/309) hAd hQ pfv ubA rftft jvf rq sn hAd (zKGf{ iaKm
fmD) zffr W klDq vnCstv zdHw. (o}1897 bQ, dm} 3296)
ufqhltD hf dhdbmq-dhhfr dhbf ixKj smfrsv ShL bq. Wv shfb hf shdesj hQ
W v shfb hf sheDsj dhdbmq j'sv ifDv hlst ifDsj smfrv j'sv dhhfr
ntfsm rfvfm. (hc},mc} kAfdl) zhwA h tfmfv dbje Hq ifDv ixKj smfrv
rstW ufqhltD dhsq ShL bq. (pdl kfsk sjfb sLfjf-Lff dlsq bfmsj-Wqfs
smfrv hf]Lf rq kfrst. (mh} 4/328, 9/68)
mckXzfr hf nfmdqj dhhfrW ntfsm ShL bq. djYcv dhdbmsq sjht j nfr hf
mfn hf hYv Dn orB jsv dhdY rWqfq spsrkc D W kfv nfsbv lcdlGb zfsn
kf ntfm mb dhhfrsj rfvfm sOfNBf jsvsY. (hc}, mc}, dm} 3147bQ)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

31

zbcvi kftfsjv dbqsk dhhfr j iajfv sLfjf. dhslsw dosq hf slsw dhhfrhsbv nmq msb msb dbqk vfJf sp, djYcdlb ncJ tcse kftfj dlsq slsw dIvh
hf yie slh ksh mb dhhfrW ShL bq. (vi jvst hAdHyfv jvf rq.) jfvB,
skW D W kfv nfsbv znrfq zhf sbsm zfsn. (Im} 49ix}) pfsk bfvDv mfb
W zdLjfv JhG rq.
sjfb kvBDv dhbf nmdksk sufviChGj dhhfr slWqf rfvfm. mb dhhfr-hb
wc rq bf. (Im} 48 ix})
hftA-dhhfr ShL. (mc}, dm} 3129bQ) ksh nfhftj rWqfv iv fmD-Dv j
zivsj iYl bf rst kfvf dhhfrhb dY jvsk ifsv. (hc} 5138bQ, zflf}, dm} 3136bQ)
nhQw hf nsofsv zfkDq omA if-ifDv dhhfr ShL. ksh dH sofs
zbfkDqslv nfsK Shhfdrj-nC fib jvf m. (Im} 47ix}) dhswN jsv
nfmfbA de-dhycAdk W msbfmfdtbA dbsq hfVfhfdV zdLj rq nsofs Osv-Osv dhhfr
rst. zdHvf hstb, `Osv-Osv dhsq dlst, Ov iv rsq pfq. zfkDqkf hfVfsk
dosq kf dhdY rsq pfq sjhfsv.' zhwA nhGs[s DblfvD rt jdifKv.
sjfb mcndtm sjfb hAdHyfdvBD bfvDsj dhhfr jvsk ifsv bf. hvQ hAfifsv vi
bfvD mbmcjfdvBD nclvD vsiv Ffdt hf Ffbf-jfef idv rstW mcndtm icvsNv kfsk
vdy rWqf dyk bq. jf siasmv sbwfq sbwfoa rstW kfsj nrLdmGbD jvf
rfvfm.
hAfifsv zffr ifj hstb, hAdHyfvD sjht hAdHyfdvBD zKhf zQwDhfdlbDsj
hQ hAdHyfdvBD sjht hAdHyfvD zKhf zQwDhflD icvNsj dhhfr jsv Kfsj. zfv
mcdmb icvNslv ubA kf rfvfm jvf rt. (jc} 24/3)
nckvfQ znkD bfvD mcwdvsjv ipcf; mcndtsmv bq. jfvB Hsq zQwDhflD;
idkv siasm iidksj zQwDfib jsv hQ W jsv jj mf'hCslv hflsk zbA
hfdkt mf'hClsj wvDj. (zhwA znkD rstW sjfb mcwdvsjv nfsK sjfb mcndtm
bfvDv dhhfr ShL bq.)
i[fsv hAdHyfdvBD pdl kWhf jsv iajxk mcndtm bfvD rq kfrst j mfdnj
zsi[fv iv ksh kfsj dhhfr jvf ShL rsk ifsv. oHG rst oHGfhfq dhhfrhb wc bq. ianshv iv dhhfr rsk rsh. (I} 2/780)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

32

ifD iYl
ikD icvsNv nrLdmGbD, zLGfdbD, nfblfD, uDhb-ndbD, oxsrv oxdrBD, nfsbv
ubbD, rlsqv wfdlfdqbD, vrnA v[fjfdvBD, kfv ncJD nQnfsvv iaLfb nlnAf.
nckvfQ mb nfKD dbhGfysb icvNsj nkA Hfhsk rq, hcUsk rq. wcLcmf siam,
YxJtkf W zfshso bq; hvQ dhshj W dlmfso sn dhNq dbsq dyf jvsk rq.
nfLfvBk} mfbcN kfv HfhD-ndbDv iaHfh-iadkid, mfb-pw-JAfdk, Lb-nil,
jctDb hQw, msbfstfHf vi-snZlpG iaHxdk slsJ mc rsq kfv uDhb-n tfH jvsk
yfq; zKy kfv zfLAfdkj W ocsBv dljef soZB msb jsv. pfv Ist lfiskAv yfjf
zsbj nmq zyt rsq vsq pfq zKhf nQnfv rsq sE dkmq. dj fbD icvN
zhwA sJqft vfsJ sp,
sldJsk itfw Ict zdk msbfrv,
o dhsb kfsv nsh jsv zbflv.
sp Icstv snZvH bf, djsnv sn Ict?
jlfy kfrfv siasm msubf hcthct.
ocBDv ocB dyvjft dhvfduk vq,
kcY vi lc dlsb LCdtnf{ rq.
diaq bhD hstb, vmBDsj kfv zKG, zfdHufkA, vi-snZlpG W Db-LmG slsJ
dhhfr jvf rq. dj kcdm Dblfvsj sisq jxkjfpG rW. skfmfv r LCdtLCndvk
srfj. (hc}, mc}, dm} 3082bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, skfmfslv iaskAsjv wcjXvjfvD zv W dpjXvjfvD durf rWqf
dyk. zfv mb mcdmb D oarB jvf dyk; sp kfv zfsJvfskv jfsu nrfqkf
jvsh. (mf} 1856bQ, dnn} 2176bQ)
nckvfQ mb ifD iYl jvf dyk, sp rsh icBAmqD, ncwDtf, nydvf, Dblfv,
ilGfbwDb; pfsj slJst mb JcwDsk Hsv WsE, pfsj zfslw jvst nkv iftb jsv,
fmD hfsv sost dbsuv slr, snZlpG W skv hQ fmDv Lb-nislv pKfKG
v[Bf-sh[Bf jsv. (bf} 3231bQ, rf} 2/161, zf} 2/251)
mrfb zffr hstb, nckvfQ nfLD bfvD skf kfvf, pfvf (kfslv fmDslv
zbciddksk W stfj y[cv zvfst) zbcokf hQ dbsuslv k v[fjfdvBD;
zffrv drIfpsk (kWIDsj) kfvf kf drIfpk jsv. (jc} 4/34)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

33

viv slJf dyk, HfhD-ndbDv idvshw. wf iajxdkv smufu, mfbdnj nckf

kAfdl; pfsk nQnfv rq iawfdmq. uftfmqkf sKsj lCv rq hfjAftfi, stb-slb W
njt hAhrfv.
dhhfsrv jde mrfb swA rt nfb oarB . swAsj nfmsb svsJ D dbhGfyb
hfbDq. diaq bhD hstb, zdLj siammqD, zdLj nfblfD vmBD dhhfr jv.
jfvB, zfdm skfmfslvsj dbsq djqfmsk zbAfbA mskv nfmsb (nQJAfdLjAkfv
Ist) ohG jvh. (zflf}, bf}, dm} 3091bQ)
zk}iv nfKDv vi-snZlpG skf mfbcsNv iajxdkok hfdk hfnbf. spsrkc D nclvD
rst msbv iawfd W zfbl zdLj rq. zbAfbA vmBDv iadk jJb mb Ycse bf.
iv zffr nclv. dkdb snZlpGsj iYl jsvb. (dn}n} 1626bQ)
zk}iv slJfv dhNq ndbDv sjZmfpG. jcmfvDv dbje sp ncJ zfsY zjcmfvDv dbje
kf sb. ef skf mfbcsNv iajxdkok iYl. spsrkc Hfstfhfnfv iaKm irfv kfv
dbje sist lfiskA iCBG idvkxd zfsn. bsy{ pdl kfv msb Hfstfhfnfv dbd iChG
W hkGmfb fmDv siam Wub jvsk wcv jsv ksh sn kctbfq kfv rlq jJsbf iChG
fmDv dlsj U]csj hkGmfb fmDsj kcYfb jsv. zfhfv jJsbf dbsuv HfsoAv
idvhkGbsj hV lcHGfoA msb j'sv Hfstfhfnfv Ffdt Jfdt j'sv vnrDb nQnfv jsv
hkGmfb fmDv slrifsw. dj mb Kfsj sn mxk zKhf sn kftfjlfkf fmDv
dbje. Ist lfikA uDhb mLcv rsq osV Esk ifsv bf. zhwA hkGmfb fmD iChG
fmD rsk nhGdhNsq m rst sn jKf dH. iv iajxk lfikA-ncJ isHfo
jvfv sswA diaq bhD j nfrfhDsj jcmfvD bfvD dhhfr jvsk c jsv hstb,
sjb jcmfvD jvst bf? sn skfmfsj dbsq hQ kcdm kfsj dbsq siamsjdt jvsk.
(hc}, mc}, dm} 3088bQ)

zbA dkdb hstb, skfmvf jcmfvD dhhfr jv. jfvB jcmfvDslv mcJ zdLj dmd,
kfslv oHGfwq zdLj nfbLfvD, kfslv spfbDiK zdLj , kfvf Ytbfq jm rq
hQ si zdLj nc Kfsj. (mf}, dnn} 623bQ, nuf} 4053bQ)
hGv udmsk sp Instv hDu nhGiaKm svfdik rq sn Int Itsb zdLj W
m rq. Int kcst sn udmsk zbA Int svfib jvst zfv sn snfbfv Int
Ist bf. zbcvi Hfstfhfnfv hDuW.
zhwA pfv nQnfsv iff oxdrBDv iasqfub, sp kfv sYfe sYfe Hf shfb kAfdlv
ndEj iadkiftb yfq, kfsj zjcmfvD dhLhf dhhfr jvf dyk. (hc} 2967bQ)
iv pdl sj sjfb dhLhf hf idvkAfv iadk hQ kfv nfb-ndkv iadk nlq
rsq kfsj dhhfr-hsb zfh j'sv kfv lcdlGb lCv j'sv ncdlb zfsb ksh dbyq sn
hAd zdLj nWqfshv zdLjfvD. (mh} 18/119)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

34

nhGdlj dlsq dbsuv mfb spmb, dEj sn nmipGfq mfb W idvshswv ifD iYl
jvf dyk. sk sj jfsvfv iv ohG ijfw bf jvsk sisv jKfv zfOfsk siasmv
odk hfLfiaf rsh bf. iduwb, dw[f, nHAkf, zKGSbdkj zhf, hQw iaHxdk
Hsqv nmfb rst snef m. spmb Hsqv hqsnv msLA shwD kfvkmA Kfjf
dyk bq. bsy{ HdhNAsk dhdH sufqfv-Hfef slJf dlsk ifsv.
ipGc nhGiajfv B W iduwsbv ifD sist snfbfq snfrfof. mb lfikA
rsh dyvncsJv hQ mb fmD rsh hV snZHfoAhfb. i[fsv djYc bf sistW pdl
Db ifq ksh kfW kfv snZHfsoAv jfvB zhwA.
nckvfQ h W ufmf iYslv jdifKv jmf Db W ydv. hQswv y-bDykf
djYc sb. spsrkc mfbcN njst nmfb. njt mcndtm Hf-Hf. mrfb zffr hstb,
sr mfbcN! zfdm skfmfslvsj j icvN W j bfvD rsk nxd jsvdY. isv
skfmfslvsj dhH jsvdY dhdH ufdk W sofs; pfsk skfmvf j zisvv nfsK
idvdyk rsk ifv. skfmfslv msLA sn hAd zffrv dbje zdLj mpGflfni sp
hAd zdLj nQpmD (mcfjD W ivsrpofv). (jc} 49/13)
kfYfVf `Hfstf-ml sjfb sofD-hsBGv msLA dbdlG bq. iaskAj hv m, mLAm
W zLm zfsY.' zfv `jfsjv dFm nflf rq, idskv sYst ofLfW rq.' nckvfQ
dhshyA rt, sp mfbcNsj dbsq zfmfv lvjfv sjht kfv ydv W hAhrfv. zhwA
ifdvifdwGj zhf slJfW lvjfv dbyq. jfvB, kfskW jciaHfh iVfv zfwf
Kfjsk ifsv.

zkh hv-jsb dbhGfysbv nmq}

1- if hf ifD sjfbX cst isVsY ufbfv zfso sjfbX idvshsw mfbcN rsqsY kf
ufbfv syf jvb. jfvB, zsbj nmq hQw Jfvfi rstW idvshw-sB mfbcN nclv
W ydvhfb rsq osV sE.
2- if hf ifDv ydv slJfv zfso kfv hfi-mfsqv ydvW dhyfpG. jfvB,
nfLfvBk} `zfef ocsB vde zfv mf ocsB shde' hQ `lcL ocsB dO W mf ocsB dU' rsq
Kfsj. zfv `hfijf shef dnifdr jf sOfVf, jcY bf srf skf sKfVf sKfVf.'
3- dhhfr jde nrfhfb sjfifbD iadkfjvsBv bfm. nckvfQ mb nD dbhGfyb
jvf dyk pfsk Hsqv ifbfrfv iajxdk W ydvs dmt Jfq. bsy{ zytfhfv
zfwf shwD. (kczf} 49ix})
zhwA jfsvf hfdrAj DblfvD slsJW sLfjf JfWqf dyk bq. jfvB, njft 7 efq
jfsj bfmfp iVsk slJst sp sn yfwXskv bfmfp isV sn LfvBf HctW rsk ifsv.
sjbbf, rsk ifsv sn yfwXskv bq hvQ Iusvv jfpf zflfq jvdYt.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

35

zbcvi jfsvf hfsiv DblfvDv mk jKf wcsb zKhf sjht jfsvf Hfsqv hf hcbfsqv
DblfvDv jKf wcsb kfv DblfvD rWqfsk dbdyk rsq sLfjf JfWqfW zbcdyk. sJfl
if hf ifD sjmb kf nhGiaKm W swN dhyfpG.
zbcvi mft-Lb zfsY dj bf, ifh dj bf ifh -kfW dhyfpG bq. jfvB, kf skf zfu
zfsY jft bfW Kfjsk ifsv. zfhfv zfu bf Kfjst jft sn spskW ifsv. zfdm
spmb dEj skmdb Osv dhhfr jvf hf slWqf dyk. dhswN jsv OcN (smfef efjf iB)
dlsq hV Osv Tcjsk pfWqf dEj bq.
fbDvf hstb, `skfmfv sysq sp bDsy kfv nkf oarB jsvf bf. jfvB, rqskf kcdm
kfv mCJGkfq j ifsh hQ skfmfv sysq sp sy kfvW nfKD rsqf bf. jfvB,
nHhk} sn skfmfv iv ohG W zrQjfv iajfw jvsh. kcdm spmb dEj skmb
nmmfsbv hc, nD W uDhb-ndbD oarB jsvf, kfsk skfmfv mb sjfb iajfv hAdKk
rsh bf.'
rfdk-Wqftfv ndrk hck jvst rfdk vfJfv mk Ov dbsusj hfbfsk rsh. bkchf
`hVv divDdk hfdtv h]fL, [sB rfsk ldV [sB y]fl.'
jKf Hfhf pfq sp, hV hfdVsk smsq iVst kfv sJsk-ivsk sjfb j rsh bf;
ncsJ Kfjsh. dj kfv dbyqkf sjfKfq? `hV ofsYv ktfq hfn, Fft Hfst
nhGbfw.'
smsqv zdHHfhsjv dyk, smsqv vdy W iYslv sJqft vfJf. zhwA kfv rfsk
sFfv sYsV slWqf dyk bq. iv Dsbv sFfv sjfb nmq YfVfv bq. jfvB,
nfLfvBk} smsqslv jibfq Kfsj,
`vsnv bfov, vsiv nfov, pdl Lb if,
zflv jsv jdv kfsv hfsiv ufmf.'
hfnX! rt sHfohfdlbD W ivstfj ns z bfvDslv zfwf. vf sjht
hfdrAj lxdv snZlpG iYl W jfmbf jsv; dj zlxGdv snZlpG ziasqfubDq Hfsh!
kfvf ufsb bf sp, jc{dnk msbv sKsj jc{dnk mcJ zsbj Hfstf.
zkh jfsu zdHHfhjsj kfv smsqv nrfqj rWqf jf Ivp. kf skf
smsqv dhhfsr zdHHfhj Kfjfv wkGfsvfi jvf rsqsY.
zfhc zlfzfr hstb, zfdm nfl dhb mcnfsqshv lsnG hnkfm. djYc dlb dkdb
zfmfsj slJsk bf sisq pJb zfdm k]fv dbje tfm, kJb zfmfsj dufnf
jvstb, `kcdm dYst sjfKfq?' zfdm httfm, `zfmfv D mfvf sot; sn dbsq
djYcdlb hA dYtfm.' dkdb htstb, `zfmfslvsj Jhv lfWdb sjb? kfv ufbfpf
iVkfm.' kfviv sE yst zfnfv Yf jvst dkdb zfmfsj htstb, `dkDq dhhfr
jvst bf sjb?' zfdm httfm, `zffr zfibfsj vrm jvb! sj zfmfsj smsq

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

36

slsh? zfdm skf lc dj dkb dlvrfsmv mfdtj mf.' dkdb htstb, `pdl zfdm dl,
ksh kcdm jvsh dj?' zfdm httfm, `uD rAf].'
ns ns sJf{hf ifE jsv 2 dj 3 dlvrfm smfrsvv dhdbmsq kf]v smsqv ndrk
zfmfv dhhfr idVsq dlstb. kfviv zfdm sE tfm. kJb JcwDsk zfdm
djQjkGhAdhmCP. Osv sn tfotfm dyf jvsk; B jvsk rsh, jfv dbje jdv?
mfodvshv bfmfp iVtfm. svfpfq dYtfm sndlb. Ikfv jsv vfskv Jfbf sJtfm.
Jfbf dYt vde W skt. kAhnsv sj lvufq zfOfk jvt. zfdm httfm, `sj?'
zfoj htt, `zfdm nfl.' Hfhtfm, dkdb dj nfl dhb mcnfsqh? k]fsj skf
ydw hYv pfh{ Ov sKsj mndul YfVf zbA sjfKfW spsk slJf pfq db. sE lvuf
Jctsk sldJ db. LfvBf jvtfm, rqskf hf mk idvhkGb rsqsY. zfdm httfm,
`zfhc mcrfml! zfidb dbsu stb! zfmfsj sFsj ifEfsk ifvskb? zfdm zfibfv
dbje zfnkfm.' dkdb htstb, `bf. v rjlfv kcdm.' zfdm httfm, `zfslw
jvb.' dkdb htstb, `Hfhtfm, dhikDj icvN kcdm; zKy skfmfv dhhfr rt. kf
kcdm jfjD vfk jfefW ef ziYl jvtfm. bfW skfmfv D!'
slJtfm, sn kf]v snfufncdu iyfsk nt lfqmfbf. zk}iv dkdb kfsj lvuf
ifv jsv dlsq lvuf h jsv iafb jvstb. tfq sn spb lvufv nfsK dmsw
sot. zfdm hfdVv Yfsl ysV iadkshwDv njtsj r]fj dltfm. njst htt, `dj
hAfifv?' zfdm httfm, `nfl kf]v smsqv ns zfmfv dhhfr dlsqsYb. rEf{ jsv
dkdb kf]v smsqsj zfmfv Osv dlsq sostb. WJfsb lf]dVsq vsqsY.' njt mdrtf
kfsj slJsk t.
zfmfv mfsqv jfsY Jhv sost dkdb sn htstb, `dkb dlb bf nfufsbf ipG pdl
kcdm Wsj iwG jsvf ksh zfmfv syrfvf slJf skfmfv ubA rfvfm.' zkh dkb dlb
zsi[fv iv kfv ndrk hfnv-wpAfq dmdtk rtfm. slJtfm sn zbAkmf nclvD,
jcvzfsbv rfsIp, zffrv vnCt v ncfr dhNsq ncdhf hQ fmDv zdLjfv
dhNsq nhuff.
viv jmfn Wfl nfslv dbje zfmfv pfWqf-zfnf dYt bf. zk}iv jdlb
kf]v mndusl dosq nftfm dlst dkdb v dlstb. dj sjfb jKf htstb bf.
k{iv nm stfj pJb mndul sKsj shv rsq sot, kJb jf sisq zfmfsj
dufnf jvstb. ` stfjefv Jhv dj?' zfdm httfm, `kfv Jhv mb; pf hcsk
iYl zfv wsk ziYl jvsh.' dkdb htstb, `pdl kfv sjfb dhNq skfmfsj
ndlrfb jsv, ksh tfdE hAhrfv jsvf.' zk}iv hfdV dIsv tfm.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

37

nfslv smsq; pfsj JtDIf zfct mfstj dhb mfvWqfb k]fv sYst ztDslv ubA
iqofm dlsqdYstb. dj dkdb vfuidvhfsv smsqv dhhfr dlsk zDjfv jsvdYstb.
zhswsN iYl jvstb j Dblfv ovDhsj! (zdIqfkct zf'qfb 2/377)
mchfvj zfhc zfcfrv hAfifsv jdKk zfsY sp, dkdb k]fv iaHc (mbDh) v hfofsb
jfu jvskb. k]fv iaHc hfofb-mfdtj rfmfpfsbv hV hAhnfqD dYstb. jdlb
hfofsb sn lfnsj htstb, `mchfvj! jde dmd shlfbf yf.'
mchfvj ofY rsk Jc]su Jc]su jde shlfbf iaHcv rfsk dlstb. iaHc skf sHs
sJsk yse Estb. htstb, `skfmfsj dmd slsJ zfbsk httfm, zKy ej shsY
dbsq st? dmd slsJ dbsq n.'
mchfvj zbA jde ofY sKsj zfv jde shlfbf sb dlst dkdb sJsq slJstb
snefW ej. svso kxkDqhfv ifEfst j zhf. iaHc htstb, `zfsv kcdm ej zfv
dmd shlfbf jfsj hst syb bf?' htstb, `uD bf. zfibfv zbcmdk bf sisq dj jsv
sJkfm?'
lfsnv zfmfbklfvD W nkkf slsJ iHc zhfj rstb. kf]v syfsJ k]fv jlv W
mpGflf hxd sit.
iaHcv dYt j nclvD jbAf. h hV hV idvhfv sKsj kfv dhsqv n zfndYt.
jlf iaHc mchfvjsj sFsj htstb, `zfmfv smsqv ndrk sjmb stfsjv dhsq rWqf
dyk ht skf?' mchfvj htstb, `ufsrdtqfk pcsov stfsjvf hQw W jctmfb slsJ
dhsq dlk, qflDvf slq Lb slsJ, JDfbvf slq vi-snZlpG slsJ. dj mk
sjht Db slsJ dhsq dlsq Kfsj.'
Lvsbv fboHG jKf iaHcv hV iYl rt. mchfvsjv jKf iaHc kf]v Dv dbje
sJ jsv htstb, `zfdm skf smsqv ubA mchfvsjv sysq zdLj ipc if zfv
jfsj msb jdv bf.'
rsqW sot dhhfr. dikf Hqsj iaycv zKG dlsq kf]slv lfiskA nfrfpA jvstb.
sn lidk pf]slv vsN um dbsqdYstb idn mcrfdn, pfsrl, hDv mcpfdrl
zfcfr dhb mchfvj. (zdIqfkct zf'qfb, hsb Jfsjfb 2/238)
dYt smsqv hfhfslv kfslv smsqslv zfsJvfk hfbfsbfv iadk sJqft svsJ if
iYl jvfv idk. lcdbqflfvDv iadk sJqft svsJ bq.
j hAd rfnfb hfnvD (v}) sj dufnf jvt, `zfmfv jde smsq zfsY. h
ufqof rsk kfv dhsqv jKf zfnsY. jfsj slh htsk ifsvb?'
rfnfb htstb, `sn icvN slsJ smsq lfW; sp zffrsj Hq jsv (sp ivsrpofv).
sk pdl sn kfsj Hfstfhfsn kfrst kfv pKfKG jlv jvsh. zfv Hfstf bf hfnst
sn kfv iv zkAfyfv jvsh bf. (qCbct zfJhfv, hsb jckfhfr 4/17)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

38

wcLc zdHHfhj bq hvQ sJfl smsqslvsjW hAfifsv nsykb rWqf dyk.

zfhC kftrf kJb ntfm oarB jsvbdb. dkdb sm nctfmsj dhhfsrv iafh
dlst sm nctfm htstb, `zfibfv mk pchj fmD rWqfv spfoA; vlXspfoA bb.
dj zfidb skf jfsIv. zfv zfdm rtfm jub mcndtm bfvD. kf zfmfslv msLA
dhhfr wc bq.' zfhC kftrf Lb-slZtskv stfH sldJsq htstb, `kcdm dj snfbfyf]dl W zKG sisq JcwD rsk ifvsh bf?'
sm nctfm htstb, `zfdm snfbf y]fdl djYc yfbf. dj zfidb mb mfbcN; sp
wcbsk ifq bf, slJsk ifqbf hQ sjfb ijfv jvsk ifsv bf mb sjfb rfhwD
lfsnv oVf jfsEv (mCdkG) iCuf jsvb. sk dj zfibfv dhshsj hfsL bf? wcbcb, pdl
zfidb mcntmfb rb, kfrst zfdm zfibfsj dhsq jvh. zfv ntfm rsh zfmfv
smfrv! YfVf zbA djYc zfdm smfrvvsi yfbf! (kczf} 52-53ix})
sJA sp, zfmfv j YfD mcJ Jcst jsqjde dhhfr iafh vlX jvst kfsj vfuD
jvfhfv ubA kfv zdHHfhj zfmfsj lfdqk slb. vslv jfvB dufnf jvst sn
zfmfsj zflshv nfsK ufbft. `uD, Wvf mfpfv iCuf jsv.' zbA j iafshv uhfsh
htt, `zfdm wcsbdY Wslv hfdVsk de-dH zfsY. zfmfv Hq rq sp zfdm Jfvfi rsq
pfh?!'
vi DblfvD uhfh wcsb zfdm zhfj bf rsq hQ kfsj wk LbAhfl W lczf bf
dlsq ifdvdb.
nlD zfvshv zft-mfumfzfr wrsv jjfst zfdm dhhfr svdueDv mcrvD
(stJj) dYtfm. j dhhfr mudtsn ifDv wkG dtJfv nmq 1m wkG dYt, sn
jstsuv zLAqb swN jvsh. 2q wkG dYt, if dnofsve Jfq, kfsj dnofsve JfWqf
YfVsk rsh!
wkG iftsb hv nmk dj bf, kf ufbsk kfsj iaw jvf rst sn htt, `YfVfv
syf jvh.' jsbv jfsY kf htf rst sn htt, `syf bq; wskG dtJcb, zfu sKsj
YfVsh hQ spdlb sn icbvfq dnofsve Jfsh sndlb zfmfv j kftfj hst oBA rsh!
mudtsn sp hfrhf W lczfv swfv sEdYt kf htf hftA. idvswsN wskG hv
f[v jsvdYt. zfdm dbu rfsk sn wkG dtsJdYtfm. zfu nmfsu lvjfv zfsY
mb ocBhkD jbAfv.
dj rfq! bfvDv mCtAmfb jsm pfWqfv Ist hQ isBv yfsiv mcsJ h ocBhkD
jsb zmk nsW zspfoA ifsv iafh iakAfJAfb jvsk ifsv bf. jvst rqskf
zdHHfhjslv jKfv uftf nrA jvf lfq rsq Esh. i[fsv ifsv lfdV zfsY
hst zKhf smtf-sJtfq dbsq pfsh bf hst if vlX jvst kJb zdHHfhsjv sjfb

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

39

zncdhLf rq bf. hvQ `Jb sYfe smsq, wj-zfrfl Kfjsk rsh Sh dj' -hst Dblfv
if dIdvsq dlsk kecjc tfshfL rq bf. zKy lfhD jsv, `kfvf bfdj mcntmfb!'
nckvfQ DblfvD W ydv hAkDk zfdHufkA, bfm jvf hQw, pw, nil, il iaHxdk
dhshybf jsv dhhfr dlst hf jvst lfikA-ncsJv ncdbdyk zfwf jvf pfq bf. diaq
bhD hstb, skfmfslv dbje pJb mb hAd (dhhfsrv iqofm dbsq) zfsn; pfv
Db W ydvs skfmvf mc kJb kfv ndrk (smsqv) dhhfr lfW. pdl kf bf jv
kfrst ixdKhDsk dI{bf W mrfIfnfl nxd rsq pfsh. (dnn} 1022bQ) dkdb zfsvf
hstb, sp hAd zffrv ndtfsHv sswA djYc lfb jsv, djYc slWqf rsk
dhvk Kfsj, jfsj Hfstfhfsn zKhf OxBfhfsn hQ kf]v ndtfsHv jKf sJqft
jsv dhhfr slq, kfv mfb iCBGf mfb. (zf}, rf}, hf}, ndk} 2046 bQ)
zkh Db W ydvs if-ifDv nmkf uvvD. jfvB, njt iajfv hBG-ShNmA,
hb W ykf-dbyckfv iafyDv ycvmfv jsv slq Db W kfjWqf.
sjfb Dblfv ilGf-siamD if-ifDv ubA Ifsnj shilGf-siamD if-ifD rsk ifsv
bf. sjfb skZrDlhflD if-ifDv ubA sjfb dhlzfkD hf mfpfvD if-ifD rsk ifsv
bf. dmEfifdbv mfsYv ndrk zbcvi mfsYv dhhfr swfHbDq hQ sbfbfifdbv mfsYv
ndrk zbcvi mfsYv dhhfr mfbfbn. bkchf dmEf ifdbv mfsYv sbfbf ifdbsk sn
hQ sbfbf ifdbv mfsYv dmEf ifdbsk sn hfn jvf jdEb rsh. zfv mfbfbn
kJb rq; pJb `pAfqnb jf kAfqnb wcjde jf hAfqob'-v Ov isV. sk fmDDv mfb-zimfsbv hAfifvef nmfb ipGfsq Kfsj. bsy{ znmkfv jfvsB jfsvf
D iaHc rq zKhf lfnD. i[fsv nmkfv D rq hc. so]sqf if-ifDv is[ wsv,
dwd[skv is[ zdwd[k, ldvslav is[ LbD if-ifD Jch jm ncJ zfbsk ifsv.
klbcvi shilGf idvshswv ifD ilGf idvshsw st kfv lm h rsq pfq! jfvB,
ustv ifJDsj snfbfv J]fyf dlstW kfv mb isV Kfsj ust. sjbbf, sn ilGfv
idvshwsj J]fyf msb jsv! kf sn dbsuW mb idvshsw wfd ifq bf hQ
NGfhfb fmDW kfsj dbsq zwfd sHfo jsv. hb sKsj hfO kcst sb kfv pk
kvdhqk slWqf srfj hQ sifN mfbfsbf pfj bf sjb, khcW kfv mb sKsj dj hb
kcst sItf pfq bf. kf sn nlf I]fj sJf]su, I]fdj dlsk syf jsv; mbdj sLfjfW
dlsq hsn zsbj nmq.
zhwA nh djYc rq DblfvD kvdhqk dTst rWqfv Ist. Db W kfjWqf
Kfjst fmD-D jfsvf zncdhLf rq bf.
jef dhNq sJqft vfJfv sp, sjfb if hf ifD nisjG ufbsk kfv Db dhNsq
iaKsm iaw jvf dy{ bq. bsy{ viv snZlpGfdl iYl bf rsq kfsj vlX jvst
Dblfv vlX jvf rq hQ kfsk mrfbhD v dhsvfdLkf rq. zkh jkxGis[v

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

40

dyk sp, zbAfbA dhNsq iaKsm iYl rsq swsN Db dhNsq iaw (zhwA) jsv Db
Kfjst oarB jvsh, bkchf vlX jsv slsh; pJb wvDqskv dhivDk ytf rsk sh]sy
pfsh. jKfq hst, `zfso lwGb Lfdv, swsN B dhyfdv.'
iajfw sp, ifD iYslv ubA sufVf-, jcioft kAfdl wcH-zwcsHv djYc t[B bq.
if hf ifi[ ifdvifdwGj zhf, idvshw kAfdl slsJ W dufnfhfl jsv sjfb
ifD iYl rst kfv zdHHfhjsj dhhfsrv iafh slsh. ksh kfv iCshG slJf dy{
sp, sn ifD ifsv ubA omAf dj bf. zomAf hf zShL rst kfsj dhhfr iafh
slWqf rfvfm.
zbcvi pdl kfv iCshG zbA ifdBiafKDG ifDv ubA iafh dlsq Kfsj, kfrst sn
uhfh bf slWqf ipG kfv iafshv iv iafh hf (lv jNfjdN jsv) iastfHb ShL
bq. zsbAv zdLjfsv rs[i jvf hQ sk dhsN osV skftf mcndtsmv jfu bq.
diaq bhD hstb, j mcndtm ziv mcndtsmv Hf. nckvfQ kfv ubA kfv
Hfsqv q-dhsqv iv q-dhq hQ dhhfr-iafshv iv dhhfr iafh -kfv
sYsV bf slWqf ipG- rftft bq. (hc}, mc} 1414bQ)
ifD pdl jfsvf kftfjiaff D rq ksh kfv sk kfsj dhhfr-iqofm slWqf
rfvfm. fmD-mxkcAv sk Kfjst iHfsh iafh slWqf dbdN. dsk slWqf
yst. mrfb zffr hstb, zfv pdl skfmvf zfHfsn-dsk vmBDslvsj
dhhfr-iafh lfW zKhf zsv kf sofib vfJ, ksh kfsk skfmfslv slfN rsh bf.
zffr ufsbb sp, skfmvf kfslv ns zfstfybf jvsh. dj dhdLmk jKfhfkGf
YfVf sofisb kfslv dbje sjfb zDjfv jsvf bf. dbdlG nmq zdkhfdrk bf rWqf
ipG dhhfrjfpG ni jvfv nQji jsvf bf hQ susb vfJ, zffr skfmfslv
msbfHfh ufsbb. zkh kf]sj Hq jv. (jc} 2/235)
zbcvi r hf mvf jvsk dosq rvfm zhfq sjfb bfvDsj dhhfr iafh
slWqf zShL. (nuf} 7809bQ)
dhhfsrv iCshG if-ifDv v, hDpG iaHxdk ivD[f jsv kfvf svfomc dj bf kf
slsJ sbWqfv nmKGb vsqsY ntfsm. diaq bhD hstb, skfmvf jcsvfo rsk lCsv
sKsjf; spmb hfO rsk lCsv itfqb jv. (hc} 5797bQ)
ymGsvfoff s]ev mfdtj spb nc ]e lst kfv ]e bf dbsq pfq. (hc} 5771bQ)
jfsvf ubA zisvv sjfb iajfv [dk jvf ShL bq. sjfb lc'usbv ubA
idkswfLmCtj ivivsj [dkoa jvfW ShL bq. (zf}, mf}, mf} 2340, 2341 bQ)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

41

G
ifD lwb
ifD snZlspG pk iadn srfj khcW kfsj dhhfsrv iCshG j Utj slsJ sbWqf
m. Oesjv yejlfv jKfq niCBG dhhfn W zff bf svsJ uDhb-ndbDsj uDhb
kvDsk yVfhfv iCshG ys[ pfyf jsv sbWqf hcdmfsbv jfu. sk dhhfsrv iv
fmD-Dv mfsU hsb mLCvkf zfsn, zdLj Hfstfhfnf nxd rq. sj zivsj
slfNfsvfi jvf sKsj hf]yf pfq hQ dhhfsrv iv ifsk rq bf.
ifD slJsk dosq if pf slJsh kf rt, ifDv sjht syrfvf W jd ipG
rq. zbAfbA z slJf hf slJfsbf ShL bq. jfvB, mdbsk sjfb omAf bfvDv iadk
lxjXifk jvf zShL. kf iasqfusb pf ShL, kf rt ifDv lc z.
lwGsbv nmq ifDv nfsK spb kfv hfi hf Hf hf sjfb mfrvfm Kfsj. kfsj
ifsv ndrk jfdjbD sjfb vsm sYsV slWqf ShL bq. pdlW dhsqv jKf iff rq.
if spb ifDv iadk jfmbusv bf slsJ. (mcobD 6/553) zfv lwGsbv nmq kfsj
dhhfr jvfv spb iff vflf Kfsj.
ifDsj idvyq dufnf ShL. ksh tf nmq Lsv hdnsq vfJf ShL bq hQ hfvhfv
hhfv zKhf zdbsmNsbs lDOG[B kfv iadk lxd vfJfW zShL. zbcvi jhfv
slJfv iv icbvfq slJf hf slJsk yfWqf ShL bq. (lkf} 28ix})
ifDv ndrk mcnfIfrf jvf, vnftfi W vrnA jvfW zShL. djYc[B kfslv mfsU
rlsqv zflfb-ialfb srfj, hst ncspfo slWqf zdHHfhsjv ubA rfvfm.
nmq ifDv mb hV jvfv ubA djYc irfv slWqf m. jfvB,
nxdk dlsq h]fLf Kfsj iaDdk, iaDdk dlsq h]fLf Kfsj mb,
irfsv hf]Lf Kfsj nxdk, kf slWqf iasqfub.
zhwA ifDv ost dbsu rfv ivfsbf hf rfk Lsv OdV zKhf zfQde ivfsbf rfvfm.
iv iqofsmv zfQde hst djYc sb. mb zcvDqsj wcHfwcH djYc LfvBf jvf
dhlzfk W dwjG. pf ifyfkA-nHAkfv vDdk. (zfI} 10 ix}, zfdu} 212ix})
viv iYl-ziYslv jKf Hfhbf-dyf jsv isv ufbfsh.
zbcfb jsv [sBsjv slJfq ifD zfymjf nclvD msb rsk ifsv zKhf ianfLb W
nfunfq sLfjfW rsk ifsv. kf pdl sj dhhfr jvfv iff dbqsk dbu ifDsj
kfv W kfv zdHHfhsjv zufs sofisb sKsj tcdjsq slsJ, kfrst kfW ShL. ksh
mb fb sKsj tcdjsq slJf ShL bq, spJfsb sn kfv jf sofibDq z iajfw
jvsk ifsv. zkh cstv isK hf sjfb zfkDqv hfdVsk sKsjW slJf pfq.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

42

diaq bhD hstb, pJb skfmfslv sj sjfb vmBDsj dhhfr iafh slq, kJb
pdl iafshv ubA kfsj slsJ ksh kf lCNBDq bq; pdlW vmBD kf ufbsk bf
ifsv. (dnn} 97bQ)
nfrfhD ufshv dhb zfcfr hstb, `zfdm j kvBDsj dhhfsrv iafh dlst kfsj
slJfv ubA tcdjsq Kfjkfm. swN ipG zfdm kfv sn snZlpG slJtfm pf zfmfsj
dhhfr jvsk {nfdrk jvt. zk}iv zfdm kfsj dhhfr jvtfm. (dnn} 99bQ)
ifD slJfv nmq jfstf jtsI pchj snsu kfsj sLfjf slWqf rfvfm. spmb
ifDis[v ubA rfvfm, jubsj sldJsq zivusbv ndrk ifsv dhsq slWqf.
diaq bhD hstb, sp (jfsj) sLfjf slq sn zfmfslv ltHc bq. (v} 1319bQ)
i[fsv jusbv nfsK dhhfsrv jKfhfkGf rsq dhhfr-hsbv nmq zsbAv nfsK
sLfjf dlsq dhsq dlst sn dhhfr wc bq. mb jvst smsqsj hAdHyfv jvsk slWqf
rsh. (rfdwqfkc vWdpt mcvff' 6/254)
ifsv hfdVv sp sjfb mdrtf h slJsk ifsv. ksh if YfVf sjfb zbA icvN
slJsk ifsv bf; ifsv hfi-yfyfW bq. nckvfQ hcbf hf hc nr ifsv ifD slJf
NGfrDbkf W Db-dhsvfdLkf. ifD W ifDis[v dyk, jmf if YfVf zbA
sjfb icvNsj ifDv syrfvf bf slJfsbf. bsy{ sk njst nmfb sofbfrofv rsh.
dj sp bfvDsj bf yfstW slJf pfq, sn (se]f-se]f sjfifbD) bfvD W kfv
zdHHfhsjv zhf dj kf zbcsmq.
ifD slJfv zfso zKhf isv hfdVv stfjsj slJfsbfv ubA ifDv Isef hf Ydh
sbWqf hQ ifDis[v kf slWqf ntfsm dbdN. dhswN jsv dhhfr bf rst sn Ydh
vsq pfsh shofbfv jfsY. kfYfVf NGfrDb icvN rst sn Ydh kfv hc-hfh W
zbAfbA icvN kxdv nfsK lwGb jvsh. pfsk ifD W kfv zdHHfhsjv tf rWqf
dyk.
zhwA iaodkwDt (lcoGdkwDt) zdHHfhsjv jfsY nh LmDGq hfBD rfnAjv. dj
zffrv zfpfh kfv ubA HqQjv. nckvfQ pfvf k]fv zfslswv dhvfyvB jsv
kfvf nkjG srfj sp, dhipGq zKhf jdEb wfd kfslvsj oafn jvsh. (jc} 24/63)
i[fsv ifDsj nvfndv bf slsJ kfv Ydh slsJ iYl ndEj bfW rsk ifsv.
jfvB, Ydhsk snZlpG hLGb hQ de sofib jvf pfq sn jKf rqskf iafq njst
ufsb.
ifDvW iYl-ziYslv zdLjfv zfsY. nckvfQ ifsj nmq slsJ sbsh.
(dhhfsrv dlb dhhfrhsbv iCshG hfdVsk slJfq dhswN tfH rq bf.) kfv iYl bf
rst snW vlX jvsk ifsv. (lkf} 35ix})

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

43

dhswN jsv zif, dhlzfkD, mfpfvD, shbfmfpD, Ifsnj, LCmifqD, mlAifqD,

hlsmufuD iaHxdk slsJ W wcsb kfsj dhsq jvsk vfuD bf rWqf Wqfsuh. dj
rfq! sn ncif zfv j'ub ncwDtfv HfsoA sufse. zfv sn ncwDtf hf zfsY j'ub?
i[fsv Db W ydvsv zbcjCt sjfb dhNq ziYl jsv zmk iajfw jvf
zfLcdbjfslv bkcb IAfwfb. kf skf sj if ziYl jsv usbA sp, ifsv
lfdV zfsY! zKhf shfvjf ivsk rsh. hfsv spsk ifsh bf! dnsbmf W smtf-sJtf
slJsk ifsh bf. if iAfeX isv bf, ifsv drd sb, snfuf efsiv kf -pdlW sn
sJfuf bq! kf skf pchjvf zffr W klDq vnCstv dhvfyvB jsv kfslv diaqkmf
W iaBdqbDslv jf zbcok rsk wcv jsvsY. bsy{ rqskf dhsq rsh bf zKhf
siqnDv mbn ifsh bf! isBv ovm hfufsvW vi lfrvB psK idvlx rq!
jfbf shsbv sFfotf Jssvv zHfh sb sjfKfW! hvQ shb W kfv Jsv
dlsq rfsev iafq nm fb iCBG. nckvfQ zffrv ifbfr.
jswaBDv nHA (?) mfbcN pfvf h slJsk dosq Db dhNsq sjfb iaw jsv bf.
`bfmfp isV dj bf, jcvzfb iVsk ufsb dj bf' -nh dhNq ufbfv sjfb iasqfub
msb jsv bf. i[fsv bfy-ofb ufsb dj bf, snkfvf-shrftf hfufsk ifsv dj bf -sn
nh dhNsq iaLfb iaw Kfsj! zfrf! i]fyubsj sJfw jvsk ifvst ksh skf h dbsq
ohG rsh!
ifD iYl bf rst if hf ifi[ dsk ufdbsq slsh sp, dhsq oVf kfslv
is[ nHh rsY bf. ivsi ifDv sjfb slfN-de kfv zdHHfhj hf zbA
stfsjv nfmsb hBGbf jvsh bf. sp irfv dlsq ifDv mcJ slsJdYt kf zfv sIv{
sbWqf ShL bq, dykW bq. ksh dhsq rsh msb jsv pdl zdoam djYc smfrvfbf
(h'st sJ jsv) dlsq Kfsj ksh kf sIv{ sbWqf ShL hQ ifDis[v kf sIv{
slWqf jkGhA. ('tfmct mczfdb 2/50)
iv nfmfbA dev jfvsB dhhfsr uhfh dlsq zDjfv H jvf ShL bq. jfvB
zDjfvh rsq kf H jvf mcbfdIsjv t[B. (dm} 56bQ)
spmb sjfb `KfFG ifdeG'v jKfq jfb dlsq zKhf sjfb drQncsjv jfb-Hffdb wcsb
dhsq sHs ifDv mb Hff dyk bq.
zbcvi msb iYl rstW `isB' iYl bf rsq ifDv sjfb J]ck shv jsv dhsqsk
uhfh slWqf dbOGfk Fht zbAfq. bW-nsv sHfsuv Ffst thB jm rsqdYt hst
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siecsjv mk sJsq shVfsbf zHAfn rst, dhsqv iff vflf bf dbsq (sp smsq rfvfm
sn) ifD slsJ shVfst, dbyq kf nydvhfb mfbcsNv vDdk bq.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

44

Shhfdrj nijG jfsqm jvfv hAfifsv sjfb Dblfv mfbcN pdl jfsvf jfsY ivfmwG
sbq ksh if hf ifDv slfN-ocB Jcst htf zhwA dyk. (dm}3324) spsrkc
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idvshsw siamnC fib jsv dhisl isV ksh dbyq v lfdqk sn hrb jvsh.
spsrkc ndEj ivfmwG slWqf j zfmfbk. zhwA zsrkcj dbYj sjfb hAdok
fsKG hf drQnfq zdkvb jsv hf pf bq kf hst dhsq HffsbfW mrfifi. kfYfVf
ivdrSkdNkf Dsbv j iaLfb t[A. (mc}, dm} 4966bQ) ts[A si]ZYsbf njt
mcndtsmv jkGhA.
iv sp hAd sjfb mcndtm Hfsqv sjfb dhil hf j lCv jsv zffr djqfmsk
kfv dhil W j lCv jvshb. (mc}, dm} 204bQ) jbAflfq zfmfslv slswv hkGmfb
nmfsu j yvm dhil. dhislW mcndtm Hfsj nfrfpA jvf mcndtsmv jkGhA.
zKG, ncivfmwG W ncifsv nfb dlsq ijfv, hV ijfv. zhwA mb ijfsv
dbsuv [dk hQ hlbfmW rsk ifsv. jfvB, if slsJ dlsq smsqv ncJ rst kfv
mf-hfhf htsh, `zffr dlsqsY.' i[fsv lcJ hf uftf-utb rst htsh, `zmcj
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kfYfVf susb-wcsb sj js sIst slq bf. dj zhcU mfbcN zdbYfjxk nh
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zbAfsq nhv jvfq ijfvDv zdkdv nWqfh tfH rq.
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jvf hQ zdHHfhjsj ufbskW bf slWqf zKhf kfv zbcmdk bf dbsq dhhfr jvf
rfvfm W hfdkt. nfLfvBk} hAdHyfdvBDvf vi dhhfr jsv dyvuDhb hAdHyfv jsv
Kfsj. (zflf}, dk}, mf}, zf}, v} 1840bQ, dm} 3131bQ)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

45

iv siam rt LCsiv mk; pfsk nchfsnv zfsmu KfjstW kfv nCifk rq ut

zfocb dlsq, zfv swN idvBdk rq Yf dlsq. kf siasm isV zfof-diYf dyf bf
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jfvB, `icvsNv jef hqn zfsY; pJb bfvD-sbwf sofisb mbsj sisq hsn. zhfv
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`yfsb.' zhf rst kfv hc-hfshv dbje sKsjW sn vrnA lXOfdek rsk
ifsv. nckvfQ zdHHfhj nkjG rst ifi sKsj svrf sisq pfsh.
i[fsv zdHHfhj pdl pchjsj dhsqsk hfLf slq zKhf Dblfv ncifDsj dhsq
jvsk bf dlsq kfv sjfb zfkDq zifDsj h jsv zfbsk yfq zKhf isB iYl
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dyk.
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dbsuv Yfmk zifD dhhfr jvf hf `tfH mAfsvu' jvfq dikfmfkfv kKf zffr
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ncifs jbAf iVst ndkA snZHfsoAv dhNq. `lw icnm jbAf; pdl ncifs isV.'
if-ifD iYl hQ hfolfsbv iv kfslv zfsifsnv msLA zfnf-pfWqf, iftfi,
sedtsIfsb lCvftfi, jfs mB, sj zivsj dhswNHfsh ivD[f jvfv ubA zhfL
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ndrk Dvi hAhrfv, dbuGbkf zhtb, jfjD jcvzfb dw[f slWqf iaHxdkW
rfvfm. (mh} 26/136) zhwA dhhfr zfjXl ni rsq Kfjst kfv ndrk (nfvfv
iCshGW) Dv mk hAhrfv jvsk hQ jcvzfb W Db dw[f kAfdl dlsk ifsv.
nmfsu kf dblbDq rstW wvDqsk dblbDq bq. (I }2/748)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

46

dhhfsrv iCshG Hfstfvsi sHsh dbb}zfidb dj Hfstfhfnfv mmGfKG ufsbb? sjht spZb-ncJ tcef iajxk ncJ bq -kf
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zfibfslv Hsqv mfsU sjfb Hct hcUfhcdUv nmq ndv sswA jecW
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sn jKf ufsbb skf?
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tfc; spf Jfsqof Wr HD iYkfsqof zfWv spf sbr]D Jfsqof Wr HD iYkfsqof!

iB W spZkcj
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jsvsYb. (v} 2621bQ)
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Hfsh sj zisvv nil oafn jsvf bf hQ susb-wcsb stfsjslv Lb nislv
djqlQw zbAfqHfsh oafn jvfv sswA dhyfvjoBsj {sjfy dlW bf. (jc} 2/188)
hvisBv mft rfvfsmv mft. jbAfis[v jKfq `rfvfsmv mft rfvfsm pfj.' jfvB,
nfLfvBk} kf rq, iChG sKsj `dIXF dFsifdue' jvf nCslv zKG zKhf ycdv hf rvI

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

47

jvf zKhf dH[f jvf pfjfskv efjf. isB slWqf rftft efjf Jch jm rq. rftft
rstW isBv blGmfq isV kf rfvfsm idvBk rsq pfq.
dj nhGbfwD dhNuDhfBc t sjfssj? zLGfdbD sisk sost skf zKG ialfb
jvsk rq; spmb h mcndtm slsw zfuW iaydtk. dj nmfsu v iaflcHGfshv
jfvB dj? v jfvB dj dhufdkv zbcjvB bq? iBiaKfv jfvB, mcndtsmv Db sKsj
lfdnbA, bfvD iaodkv bfsm shstfibf W ilGrDbkf. ifvf Jsn iVst zfqbfv hQ
dYtf Kfjst jtfv mCtA W jlv zhwA Kfsj bf.
ifDis[v y zfwf; OcN, rfdlqf, hJdwwX hf ifdvskfdNj dlsqW hV Ov sTfjf.
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iB bf dbsq Kfjst nfmfbA jtr-slv Ist ifDi[ ndv hlst nrsu kftfj
(sJftf) dbsk iak rq. kftfj rst dkDq dhhfsr smfef efjfv iB sbWqfv vflf
iff rsq Kfsj.
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iaKfv j jfvB. ksh Hfsh hdkf jvfv j jfvBW iB-iaKf. spsrkc smsqv
dhhfsrv nmq iB W spZkcsjv ubA 2/3 dhOf udm dhq jsv zKhf bf jsv nhGsmfe
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zfhfv ifVfv `wf]jycD'slv jKfq dbsuslv nm vfJsk dosq zsbj hsvv mf
slJfsldJ iB sysq hsn. efjf, udm, oqbf, dedH, ofdV bf dbstW ufmf-sheDsj
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hviB dlsk bf ifvst wwcvhfdVsk jbAfv HfsoA sufse zjKA dbpGfkb,
tfbf, hbf, obf, H{Gnbf. fmD hf kfv hfdVv stfsjv ifwdhj zkAfyfv,

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

48

zbflv, zhsrtf. jmis[ rsk rq fmDv snfrforfvf. idvswsN dhhfr-dhsYl;

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jbAfrkAf jvf rq. iviv jbAf umfst fmD W kfv hfdVv stfj hLCv iadk shufv
rsq pfq. slv zhf rq sn ufsrtD pcsov mfbcNslv mk; pfslv jfsjW pJb
jbAf-nfsbv ncnQhfl slWqf rq. kJb kfv mcJmt jfstf rsq pfq hQ
znrbDq mbfsi dj rq. Wsj sp nQhfl slWqf rq kfv ofdb-srkc sn dbu
nialfq rsk zfksofib jsv. (sn dyf jsv,) zimfb nrA jsv Wsj svsJ slsh,
bf mfdesk ic]sk sItsh! nfhLfb! Wvf pf dnf jsv kf zdk dbjx. (jc} 16/58-59)
isBv jfvsB fmDv HfsoA mbmk D sufse bf. Dv dbmGt siam W waf sKsj
rq hdk. `kDv-dh]Lf-ifJD' jJsbf dj ofb ofsk ifsv? dbu dikfsj sp isK
hdnsqsY kfsj ncJ-dnQrfnsb sjfb ys[ slJsh? v Ist fmD Dv slsrv iwG
ifq, dj msbv bfoft ifq bf. jfu ifq dj `dJlmk' ifq bf. spmb wwcvhfdVskW sn rq mfbrfvf, WubrDb.
zfv ifDis[v jKf? jk smsqv hfi iB-hbAfq rsY LQn, isKv dHJfvD.
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jtsrv Yfqf.
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skf ise pfj!' jfvB, smsq dbsu fmD dbhGfyb jsv dbsk ifvst kfslv svrf!

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

49

dj It kfsk dhivDk rsq sjhtmf lcbGfm hQ wwcvhfdVsk zjKA dbpGfkb W

lc}J kfv nfKD rq. zfv nhGswsN iB hf spZkcj dlsk bf ifvst dhsYl YfVf zfv dj?
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hv sE pfsh dhhfr mudtn sKsj; pdl djYc efjf hfjD sKsj pfq zfjXslv nmq!
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dj sn zfOfk nmfsuv mcsJ sjht `zfrf' rsq sKsj pfq. jsbv zfkrkAfv
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zbcHCdk, sjfb zfslftb zfbsk ifsv bf. v jfvB zsbjef sp, zfOfk
sp Jfq sn v uhfsh zfsvf hV zfOfk slq. nckvfQ mfv sJsq W mfv dlsq nmfsuv
zhf rsqsY mfv-iadkspfdokfv mfvmcJD jcDoDvslv mk. kf w mfwcst kf sjfb
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sjhtmf jbAfv dikf zKhf pfv jbAfv nQJAf Jch shwD.
zsbj s[s iB sbWqfv mk ifsiv lfdqk hv zKhf hsvv hfi Djfv jvsk
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zfv I]fdj slWqf pfq bf.
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yf, W yf. sjfbX zdLjfsv k yf-yf? wcLc ubA bq dj sp, dhqf-hfdVv

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

50

jef mfbcN (h)sj sJfvsifw nr kfvf kfslv ilkst zbcoar jsv zfwaq dlsqsY
kf?!
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hfdtw hQ jde ymG-dbdmGk ifdbv mwj. (zf}, bf}, nmf} 3349bQ)
ksh ufmfsqv msb ifWqfv zfjfJf hQ bf sist zsv hAKf hf jfsvf dbje
zdHspfo W jKf spb bf rq. (mh} 26/99)
mcndtm nmfsu iB j mrfmfvD. sj vJshf djHfsh?
sj vJfv nhsysq hV W jmf ifq rt iff mfb zfbf. nmfu pdl
mfsbv Yfqfq zfwaq sbq kfrst mb zfvIfv svfslv kfi rsk njst svrf
ifsh. ivjfstv iv iCBG dhhfn bf st hQ zffrv jsEfv wfdsj iajxk Hq bf
jvst iB vJf nHh bq. zKGstfH hV mfvfkj. pk ifWqf pfq kk sisk yfq
zfsvf mb. sjfb zfb, sjfb nQoEb ifsv bf msbv odk svfL jvsk. jfvB,
zfjfsw I]fl sisk hsbv ifdJ Lvf znHh.
Db W zffr-HDdkv mfLAsm nfmfduj zh[q W Sbdkj SwdKstAv iaodk (!)
h rsk ifsv. zfv kf rst mfbcsNv mb sKsj dvicv kfVbf lCvDHCk rsh. stfH W
dtnf jsm sost isvv Lsbv iadk lxjXifk rsh bf.
zffrv zfb ilGfiaKf iaydtk rst, bfvDslr dbsq zwDt W sbfQvf Ydh, bfvDslr
dbsq hAhnAf-dhfib kAfdl h j'sv, bfvD-snZlpG lctGH j'sv bfvDv mpGflf
iadkf jvst bfvDsj icvN iB dlsq bq hvQ mb W Lb dlsq Jc]su zfbsh.
nmfsuv njt nlsnAv jfdj nkAfoar W iasyf pdl `iB sbh bf, iB slhW bf'
swfofbsj jsmG vifdqk jvf rq, ksh iB `rfsVft' hb rsk itfqb jsv
h]fysh.
nfmfduj spZK-hqjsev mfLAsm iB oarDkfslvsj zil jvst iBiaKfv dhstfi
nfLb rsk ifsv. `iB sbWqf dhsqsk zQw oarB jvh bf, sn dhsq JfhW bf, kfv
hvpfDW pfh bf' - nQji rsk rsh. ksh nQJAfodvkf hAkDk kfskW
uqtfH nHh bq.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

51

mnduslv mfmoB iB sbWqf hsvv dhsq bf iVfst djYcef jfu rsk ifsv. ksh
v idvBfm wcH bq. skW sHfe rsh zfv sn sHfse dusk EfW jdEb. jfvB,
hkGmfsb nmfsuv mfbcN mfmslv islw zbcpfqD yst Jch jm; iv mfmslvsj
nmfsuv dbslGw W zfslwfbcnfsv shwDv Hfo ytsk rq! kfYfVf dhsq iVfhfv ubA
zfsvf jk dbm-smff hkGmfb.
nckvfQ Db, Dblfv W zfstm-mfmslv sp nmfsu sjfb mCtAfqb sb, sn nmfsuv
kfv ubA sjht zfstm-mfmslvsj lfqD jvf bAfq dhyfv rsh bf.
j hV zfwf zfsY HfhD iaum djswfv-djswfvD, kvB-kvBDv iv. slv msLA
pdl DbD sykbf dIdvsq zfbsk ifvf pfq ksh vf, bhDb bWsufqfsbv lt
ifvsh nmfsuv lcoGdkv iK zhsvfL jvsk. (sr mfbcN!) skfmvf zffrsj Hq
jv. zfv db}nslsr susb vfJ sp, zffrv zfpfh hV jdEb. (jc} 2/196)
zkh sr pchj hc! iB slsJ bq, hvQ Db W mb slsJ dhsqv jKf ifjfifdj
jsv sIt. r]Af, ksh wcHjfsu slvD jsvf bf. zfv skfmfv wcHnd[sB zwcHsj
smfse fb dlWbf. ksh ifsh sn ndbD; sp rsh,
idkiafBf nkD zbcvfomdk oGncNmf-dnf,
iaDdk-hsb zfdnsh skfmfv zfibfsv jdv dvf.

slbsmfrv
k[B mb j iuo{ W zfuh slswv jKf htdYtfm spJfsb `vfdsvsk
shufq svfl, dlsb y]fslv zfstf.' sp slsw djYc djbsk sost Dkhv dhdbmsq
sjfb zKG dlsk rq bf; hvQ hv ndrk Yfmk zKG ifWqf pfq! Jb hfhuoskv jKfq zfnf pfj.
dhhfr j difd[j ycd. fmD-D Hsq sj zsbAv jfsY ijxk W idvkx.
dj fmDv zdLjfv shwD. kf Dv jkGhA zdLj. D kfv slr-spZhb nr fmDv
hfdVsk sn hf nlf Yfqfv bAfq fmD-ifsw sKsj kfv zbcnvB W snhf jsv. kf
skf ycdsk kfsj mb djYc ifdvskfdNj ialfb jvsk rq pfsk sn n rsq
fmDv hsb zfnsk vfuD rsq pfq. nxdjkGf qQ mfbcNsj dhLfb dlsqsYb. dkdb
hstb, sdJk (zShL) bfvDoB hAkDk zbAfbA bfvDoBsj skfmfslv ubA ShL
jvf rsqsY, wkG sp, skfmvf skfmfslv Dq zsKGv dhdbmsq kfslvsj kth jvsh
dhhfr hsb zfh jvfv ubA, hAdHyfsvv ubA bq. kfslv msLA pfslvsj skfmvf
isHfo jvsh kfslvsj dbLGfdvk smfrv ziGB jvsh. (jc} 4/24)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

52

dkdb zbA hstb,

hQ skfmvf bfvDslvsj kfslv smfrv nmsb dlsq lfW. (jc} 4/4)
zfv diaq bhD hstb, nhsysq zdLj ocvkiCBG wkG pf iCvB jvf uvvD, kf rt
sn h pfv fvf skfmvf (Dslv) ocf rftft jsv Kfj. (nuf} 1547bQ)
nckvfQ Dsj kfv iaslq smfrv ialfb jvf Ivp. udm, ufqof, zKG, ztfv,
jfiV-syfiV kAfdl smfrsv slWqf yst. hvQ iasqfusb (ifDi[ vfuD rst)
jcvzfb dw[flfb, ntfm oarBW smfrv rsk ifsv. (hc}, mc}, dm} 3202-3209bQ)
smfrv jm rWqf hfbDq. ksh sYfq shwD slWqf dblbDq bq. mrfbhD k]fv
sjfb D W jbAfv smfrv 480 dlvrfm (1428 oafm Wusbv svZiAmclaf) v zdLj
dYt bf. (v} 1927bQ) rpvk Ifskmf (vf}) v smfrv dYt jde stZrhmG. (n}zflf}
1865bQ, bf}, zf}1/80) rpvk zfsqwf hstb, kf]v smfrv dYt 500 dlvrfm (1487,5
oafm Wusbv svZiA mclaf). (n} zflf}1851bQ) ksh sjht sm rfhDhfv smfrv dYt
4000 dlvrfm (11900 oafm svZiAmclaf). zhwA smfrv hflwfr bfufwD mrfbhD
v kvI sKsj zflfq jsvdYstb. (n} zflf} 1853) kfYfVf dkdb hstb, bfvDv
hjGskv msLA; kfsj iqofm slWqf nru rWqf, kfv smfrv i rWqf hQ kfv
oHGfwsq nrsu nfb Lvf zbAkm. (n}uf} 2235bQ)
ruvk mCnf (zf}) k]fv iaslq smfrsvv dhdbmsq wwcsvv zfe zKhf lw hYv mucvD
jsvdYstb. (jc} 28/27)
smfrv rfjf rst dhhfr nrunfLA rsh; hQ snef hfdk. i[fsv iBiaKfv
mk smfrv zdkdv shwD yfWqfv iaKfW j jciaKf.
smfrsvv zKG sjhtmf Dv iafiA rj; zdHHfhsjv bq. sk dhhfsrv isv
fmDvW sjfb zdLjfv sb. D ShLHfsh spJfsb Yf snJfsb Jvy jvsk ifsv. (Im}
105-109ix}) zhwA D ndys sYfq fmDsj dlst kf Hsqv ubA ShL. (jc} 4/4)
Dsj smfrv bf dlsq dhhfr jvst zsbsjv dbje dhhfr hfdkt. (dInc} 2/149)
zfjXslv nmq smfrv dbLGfdvk bf jvstW dhhfr wc rsq pfq. dj fmD-Dv
dmtsbv iv D sn mdrtfv nmidvmfB ytdk smfrsvv zdLjfdvBD rsh, sp nhGdlj
dlsq kfv zbcvi. dmtsbv iCshG fmD mfvf sostW vi ytdk smfrv W mDvfsnv
rjlfv rsh. (dInc} 2/149-150)
smfrv dbdlG bf jsv dhhfr rsq dmtsbv iCshG fmD kftfj dlst D smfrsvv
rjlfv rq bf. ksh kfsj nfLAmk zKGfdl Jvy-i slWqf zhwA jkGhA. (jc} 2/236)
dhhfsrv nmq smfrv dbLGfdvk jsv niCBG zKhf djYc smfrv hfjD vfJf yst. dmtsbv
iv D sn B mjch jsv dlsk ifsv. bsy{ B rsq kf fmDv OfsV sKsj pfsh.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

53

smfrv dbLGfdvk jsv hf djYc zflfsqv iv dhhfr rsq dmtsbv iCshG fmD mfvf
sostW D iCBG smfrsvv rjlfv rsh. D mfvf sost fmD smfrv sIv{ ifsh bf. (dInc} 2/148)
smfrv dbdlG jsv zflfq dlsq dmtb jvfv iv fmD Dsj kftfj dlst smfrv
sIv{ ifsh bf. mrfb zffr hstb, zfv pdl j Dv st zbA D oarB jvf dv
jv hQ kfslv jubsj iaycv zKGW dlsq Kfj khcW kf sKsj djYc oarB jsvf
bf. skfmvf dj dmKAf zihfl hQ iajfwA ififyfvB fvf kf oarB jvsh? djHfsh
skfmvf kf oarB jvsh, zKy skfmvf iviv nrhfn jsvY hQ kfvf skfmfslv
jfY sKsj lxP iadkwadk dbsqsY? (jc} 4/20-21)
smfrv LfpG rsq zflfq bf jsv dmtsbv iCshG kftfj dlst dbdlG smfrsvv zsLGj
zflfq jvsk rsh. zhwA pdl D zKhf pfv rfsk dhhfrhb sn (fmD) mfI jsv
slq ksh sn jKf dH. ksh mfI jsv slWqfef zfknQpsmv dbjekv. (jc} 2/237)
dmtsbv iCshG pdl D dbsuv slfsN kftfj ifq zKhf sJftf kftfj sbq ksh smfrv
skf ifsh bf hQ sjfb Jvy-iW bf. (dInc} 2/151-152) smfrv zflfq dlsq
Kfjst dmtsbv isvW pdl D sJftf kftfj yfq, kfrst fmDsj kfv ial smfrv
sIv{ dlsk rsh. (hc}, dm} 3274bQ)
sjfb zShL hf zomAf bfvDv ndrk Hctsm dhhfr rsq dmtsbv iv kfv zShLkf
(spmb oHG zfsY hf lcL shfb rq kAfdl) ufbf sost D iCBG smfrsvv rjlfv rsh.
ksh kfslv mfsU dhsYl Wqfsuh. (dInc} 2/149)
jfdLj dhhfsrv s[s njt Dv smfrv nmfb rWqf uvvD bq. (mh}6/262)
Dv smfrsvv zKG Jvy jsv sIst fmD pdl kfv dhdbmsq Dsj kfv nmidvmfB
udm hf ufqof dtsJ slq ksh kf ShL. (mh} 25/47) i[fsv zbAfbA WqfsvnDbvf
vfuD bf rst sjfb Dv bfsm (hf sjfb Wqfsvsnv bfsm) zdkdv djYc udm-ufqof
t jvf ShL bq. jfvB, sjfb Wqfsvsnv ubA zdnqk sb. (dm} 3047bQ, v} 1655bQ)
ifDv dbje sKsj 50 rfufv (iB) dbsq 10 hf 20 rfufv kfsj smfrv dlst
zKhf bfsm mf smfrv h]fLst hQ zflfsqv dbqk bf Kfjst zKhf lw rfufsvv lw
efjf zflfq W zhdw hfjD svsJ zflfsqv dbqk bf vfJst; zKGf{ Dv iafiA rj
iCBGmffq zflfq slWqfv Yf bf Kfjst sLfjfq dhhfr rsh djbf nslr. zhwA
jfu sp zffrv Ivp zfsbv dhvfyvB kfsk sjfb n}slr sb.
iajfw sp, smfrv dhsufV hf]Lf hf sk sjfb wcHt[B zfsY msb jvf dhlzfk.
(sr mfbcN!) skfmfslv iadkiftsjv dbje sKsj pf zhkDBG rsqsY skfmvf kfv
zbcnvB jv hQ k]fsj YfVf dH zdHHfhjslv zbcnvB jsvf bf. skfmvf Jch
zi islw oarB jsv Kfj. (jc} 7/3)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

54

dhhfsrv iCshG slwfyfv

jKf ifjfifdj rst dhhfsrv dlb rsh. ksh sjht dlb jvfv ubA Oef W
zfVviCBG mudtn jvf hQ vfujDq ifb-sHfusbv dhict zfsqfub W hAhf jvf
zihAsqv ipGfqHc. hvis[v dyk, kf sJqft vfJf hQ nshGfm JfWqfv hAhf
bf rst lcbGfm bf jvf. sjhtmf jub stfj dosq zKhf bf dosq sedtsIfsbv
mfLAsmW dhhfsrv dlb dEj jvf pfq. dbsuslv ncdhLfmk sp sjfb dlsb sp sjfb mfsn
dlb dv jvsk sjfb hfLf sb. zffrv dlb nh nmfb. idjf slsJ wcHfwcH dlb
dbhGfyb dhlzfk hQ dhufdkv zbcjvB.
dbmB jvfv nmq dbmBisv sjfsB rtcl tfdosq slWqf dhlzfk. sk sjfb
wcHt[B zfsY hst msb jvf dwjG.
viv ixKj jsv rtcl mfJfv jfiV ifEfsbf hQ dhhfr-hsbv 5/7 dlb iCshG
jsbv hfdV `tob' ifEfsbfv iaKf ntfmD iaKf bq. kfviv v ns pfq hsvv Hfhc W hcbfvf. nfu-sifwfj, ianfLb-nfmoaDv nfsK ickct uvvD, zsbsj ifEfq tcFc
hQ kfnW! kfv nfsK dydb, ifb-ncifdv, mfY, mcf, rtcl mfJfv wfdV Kfjsh.
`tob-Lvf' W mcJ slJfv zbcfb j hAqht hAfifv. sk pf Jvy rq kf jef
ntfmD dhhfr mudtsnv ubA psK. dj rfq sv! isvv jfb sJftfbjcdy dlsq
mtstW kfsk dbsuv hAKf sjfKfq?
dlsbv swsN zbcdk rq mcJ lwGsbv zbcfb. ifDsj ncndkf jsv `zftm
kftf'v (if-ifDv hnfv ubA dhswN ncndk dhYfbf hf) zfnsb hnfsbf rq.
viv zvfso ndk sn syrfvf slsJ ifsv Hf-hcvf. zfcst hf efjfq
dydb dbsq ifDv zLsv iwG jsv! zcvDqv irfv ncndk zfcst idvsq slq,
OdV idvsq slq nclwGb rfkJfdb sesb! v I]fsj lc'yfvde Eff-irfn skf yst.
jfvB, vf slWv, blf, hc, irfsnv if kf!
zk}iv ncsoft jdJfdbsk ncskf h]fsL, ttfse tfofq rtcl h]fef hQ rfsk slq
u]fdk hf jfuttkf! zKy slvsj syrfvf slJfsbfW rfvfm. diaq bhD nkA
hstsYb, tf bf Kfjst pf mb kf jv. (hc} 3484bQ) zKGf{ dbtG shrfqfvf
Yfmk Lxkfg ialwGb jvsk ifsv. i[fsv sjfb mc'dmb dbtG rq bf. jfvB,
tf mfsbv zQwdhswN. (hc}, mc}, dm} 5bQ)
iajfw sp, v iv sKsj rfsk hf jifst ncskf sh]sL vfJf W jfuttkf hf u]fdk
nhGlf nfsK vfJf dhlzfk. hvQ v mfLAsm pdl sjfb mstv zfwf jvf rq ksh kf dwjG.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

55

if-ifDsj viv dlbocdtsk hfdVv hfsv spsk bf slWqf. dlsb mndul hf

iDsvv Kfsb dnd dhkvB jvf iaHxdk dhlzfk W dwjG.
hfv vt ofsq rtcl, skt yfifsbf, nfkcwD W bfdiskv bJ jfef iaHxdk iaKf.
skt yfifsbfsk nLhf bfvD rsk rsh. dhLhf zfnsk ifsh bf. dbdlG jfisV jfhfmcsJ hdnsq rtcl mfJfsh. jfisV dtJf if-ifDv bfm. ifsj mb mdrtfvf rtcl
mfJfsh pfslv ifsj slJf slWqf rfvfm! ifsv mb zs (ufs, bfHDv bDsy)
rtcl mfJfq sp z icvNsj slJfsbfW rfvfm. nckvfQ mb iKf ntfsm dj rsk ifsv?
i[fsv icvN vM hAhrfv jvsk ifsv bf. kf rfsk-ifsq smsrdl tfofsk ifsv
bf. rtcl hAhrfv jvfW kfv ubA swfHbDq bq. dhswN jsv rtcl vsMv sifwfj kfv
ubA dbdN. (mc}, dm} 4327bQ)
jlf nfrfhDv ofsq rtcl vM slsJ bhD hcsUdYstb, dkdb bh-dhhfdrk. (hc}, mc},
dm} 3210bQ) snef rtcslv vM bq. hvQ Dv slsrv (mdrtfslv hAhrfpGA jiajfv
ncod) `Jftcj'v vM; pf k]fv jfisV stso dosqdYt.(Ifkt hfvD 9/144) nckvfQ efsj
if-ifDv ubA rtcl mfJfv ShLkfv ltDt mfbf pfq bf. r]Af, ksh pdl sj slsrv
vM `jf]yf snfbfv mk t' jvfv sswA dbu rfsk smsJ Lcsq sIst, ksh sn
jKf dH. kfYfVf dhsqv if-ifDv ubA dlsq to wcv jvf dhlzfk.
zhwA ifD rfsk-ifsq smsrdl hAhrfv jvsk ifsv. hvQ mdrtfslv rfsk nhGlf
smsrdl tfdosq vfJf dhdLnmk. (dm} 4467bQ)
viv vfs [Dv mcsJ slWqfv slwfyfv. nfLfvBk} iaKf ifwGhkDG idvshw sKsj
Lfv jvf hf zbciashw jvf iaKf. diaq bhD hstb, sp hAd sp ufdkv zbcjvB
jsv, sn kfslv ltHc. (dm} 4347bQ)
kfYfVf mb mdrtfvf ifsv WfLv iwG jsv kfv mcsJ [Dv-dmd slq, pfslv
ubA ifsj slJf slWqfW rfvfm! zsbj nmq irfsnv ifD (?) HfhD, bfbD
rst rfsk jfmsVW slWqf rq! hvQ ifW HfhDv mcsJ kcst slq iadklfsbv [Dv!
zKy iwG sKsj kfv mfKfq ncy so]sK pfWqfW m dYt. (dnn} 226bQ) zbcvi
jsv ifDv nfsKW kfv irfsnv ifvf! hvQ sp [Dv JfWqfsk pfq kfv nfsKW
yst dhdH mvf.
zfv kfv nfsK yst `oDk-ifdeG' pchkDslv oDk. wcLc oDk bq hvQ zwDt oDk W
rfkkfdt nr sTft-hflA hfdusq oDk. v ns Kfsj `stdF FAfn' hf bfy. zfv
swsN dhdH zwDt W zShL zdHbq hf `jfi'! mb idvddk slsJ-wcsb iaskAj
vdyhfb mcndtm kf OxBf jvsk hfLA. dj h vdyrDb oxrjkGf nh slsJ-wcsbW wcLc
hst s[i jsv bf sp, `zfm jfst sFfm vfuf, dhsq jfst smsq vfuf.' Ist
Yf jsv zbcok iauf rsq kfslvsj dbu zhfq sYsV slq zKhf smsqslv Lmsj

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

56

hfLA rsq yci Kfsj. kf dbu idvhfvsj dbtGkfq sYsV dlsq hfdVv hfsv vfk
jfefskW tf jsv bf. zKy oxsrv nm lfdqk nisjG djqfmsk oxrjkGfv
dbje SjdIqk kth jvf rsh. (dm} 3685bQ)
Lvsbv znfv W zwDt mudtsn sjfb mcndtm bfvDv idk rWqf hQ [Dv
JfWqfsbf db}nslsr rfvfm. spmb mdrtfslv jDdkGjtfi lwGb jvf hf bfsy
sIdv slWqf icvNslv ubA dhswNHfsh rfvfm. mb bfdysqsj sIdv slWqfv hlst
kfv sjfmv sHs slWqf dyk mcndtsmv -dhswN jsv kfv zdHHfhsjv. dj rfq!
`wfwcVD pdl lf]dVsq mcsk, kfrst h skf ifj dlsq dlsq mcksh!'
zfhcsVf hf KchVf Hfskv (zdhhfdrk zhfv swN zoarsBv) zbcfbW
dhufkDq iaKf. dlsbv [Dv-dnd dhkvBW dhlzfk. hvQ iDvktfq dhkvB
dwjG. zfv dlb nfLfvBk} ifjfb hf hfkfnf dhkvB (dhsqv) dlb. pfslvsj
ifjfb hf dmd slWqf rsh kfslvsj idvmfB mk efjf dlsq `Hfk' JfWqfsk
rsh. bf dlst bq. stZdjjkfq mfb vfJsk dosqW zsbsj tdk rq. nckvfQ
nh slwfyfv ntfsmv djYc bq.
kfviv zfsn skt bfmfsbfv iftf. sUfmv Fftf rq if hf ifDsj sjla jsv
rfkkfdt dlsq oDk sosq W iald[B jsv!
YfVf zfsY dwvskt Tftfv zbcfb. nLhfslv rfskv isv rfk, nhfv iv
sbfVf, kfv iv skt Tftf rq hQ kf ifDv mfKfq odVsq isV. ns zfsvf
jk dj smsqdt jDdkG. kfYfVf iaKf nHhk} dwhdt iCufvDslv. jfvB,
zsbsj iaKfsj `dwhskt Tftf' hst Kfsj. kfYfVf v iamfB rt dwhdtsv
mk sbfVf!
nckvfQ sp mcndtm bfvDvf mCdkGiCujslv zbcvi jsv kfvf vncstv hfBDmsk
Wslv ltHc. zfv slv ns lfqD rsh kfslv zdHHfhj W fmDvfW.
dlbocdtsk `zftmkftfq' hnfv zfso if-ifDv jift sEdjsq zfnsb hf
dhYfbfq nftfm dhlzfk. sjfb shofbf (spmb hcbf iaHxdkv) sjfst sysi zftmkftfq hnf rfvfm. bfvD-icvsNv (jcecslv) zhfL dmtf-dmwf, jsKfijKb mufjEff, ilGfrDbkf iaHxdk ntfm dhsvfLD zfyvB W zHAfn. spmb vM YVfYdV jsv
srftD (?) W jflf sJtf iaHxdk dhufkDq iaKf. mb zfVv W zbcfb ntfsm
zbcsmfdlk bq.
nckvfQ mcndtm nfhLfb! kcst dlb `zftmkftf' bfmj `vKkftf'sj idvshw
rsk. if-ifDW nsykb rW! hnshbf `vKkftf'sk. [Dv Jfsh bf v-Wv
rfsk. sj ufsb Wslv rfskv zhf dj? dY}!

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

57

dhhfsrv dlb
dhhfr hb W mudtsnv ubA hv, jsb W zdHHfhj YfVf zfv mf lcde stfsjv
iasqfub. kfW skf dmdbe jsqsjv hAfifv. dj k dhict zfsqfub, k Oef
djsnv? ocstf stfj ialwGb bq dj? 10/20ef Fctfv dhdh, 80/100ef hvpfD;
kfsk zmcndtmW Kfjsh! k stfsjv vfJf W JfWqfsbfv lfdqk ifDis[v OfsV.
sjfb zdLjfsv? `k ub ifvh bf' htstW ifq sb. nm jcecsv mfb vfJsk
rsh. sufv jsv pfsh 100 ub hvpfD. ifDi[ hfLA rsq vfuD rq. ef dj pctcm
bq? pctcm jsv dj jfsvf hfdVsk dbmB JfWqf yst? mb siecsjvf dj tcsevf bq?
jcecm hcUfsk dbsu JfWqfW. isvv OfsV sjb jcecsmv mfb vfJ? bfdj `isvv stsu
if iVst kcstfifbf sEsj, zfv dbsuv stsu if iVst j]Afj jsv Ffsj.' kf bf?
sufsvv hvpfD sHfv sKsj iak. okjft if-ifD sn]flf W zfef smsJ ofsqv
rtcl kcst (zfmifkf slWqf) ifdbsk sofnt jsvsY. hv kfv lfdVocstfsj shw
skt ifvf jsv sy]sY mnxB oft shv jsvsY! zfu kfslv bhuDhsbv bkcb iaHfk.
yfdvdlj JcwDsk Fomo. dj jfv sJqft Kfsj sp, `jfsvf siZNmfn, zfv jfsvf hf
nhGbfw.' `jfsvf smfu rq, sj zfmfwq pfq.'
hv nfufsbfv Lcm ytsY hfdVv j iafs. (dbsuv zKhf nvjfvD) HfhDvf hvsj
dOsv ivm zflsv jifst ycb-jcmjcsmv sIfef, mfKfq mcjce, otfq Icstv mftf,
zfcst snfbfv zcvDq, otfq snfbfv rfv, ufmfq snfbfv shfkfm, ofsq svwsmv hf
rtcl djQhf ufIvfbD vsMv vmft hf]Lf rsY. pfv iaskAjde rfvfm.
zbA dlsj wfdV slWqf rqdb hst hV HfhD vfo jsvsY; kf Fctfv dhdh pfsh bf.
sYfe hcbcsj ufmf-iAfe slWqf rqdb hst vfo jsvsY; kf hvpfD pfsh bf. hcsj
hvpfD bf dbsq sost snsuf HfW dhsqsk pfsh bf htsY. W ifVfv nfuc vfo
jsvsY, snW hvpfD pfsh bf. jfvB, kfv yfyfsj hvpfD htf rqdb kf! Wslv
njstv vfo mfbfhfv syf ytsY.
hvsj sjfst kcst ifdj hf ofdVsk hnfstf kfv hcbf zKhf yfyfskf Hf. mf t
skstv H]fV W ifdbv hlbf rfsk sYstv jfsY. jqub smsq mf-shefsj dlt jfiV
sTsj. mf sYstv ifsq skt dlsq ifdb fvf if Lcsq dlt! nsnsr dufnf jvt,
`sjfKfq pfY hfhf?' sYst nkv uhfh dlt, `skfmfv ubA lfnD zfbsk pfdY mf!'
viv ofdV hf ifdj Ycse ifDv oafm hf wrsvv dlsj.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

58

htf hftA sp, iCshGv jDdkGocstf ntfsmv djYc bq. iv iqnf dbsq lfnD
zfbfv iaHfh h nQnfsv h hLCv iv isv Kfsj.
hvpfDv ofdV iCshG YcsedYt. Kfmt oafsmv hfsv. sj sjffW sb. hAfifv dj?
k znfmfduj ifDi[! dbmB jvsk hf zfso hfdVsq (nQhLGbf ufdbsq) dbsk
zfsn db sj! lfWqfk bf dlst dj jfsvf hfdV smsrmfb pfWqf rq. k bDy W sY]fyf
bq hvi[. ksh ufstm dbyq hse. jfvB, sufviChGj skf k stfj ns sbsY
kfvf. sufv jsv smsrmfb sn zfhfv lfWqfskv zsi[f sjb? ufstsmv mk Tcsj
iV, zfv tcsevfv mk sise Hv. slfN dj kfsk? slwfyfv skf! dbmGm swfNB rst
hf [dk dj?
vfo dbsq iashw jsv hvpfD. jsbi[ Hct Djfv jsv jk js vfo mfbfq.
khcW znQok mhA sKsj svrf ifqbf. zfhfv Jfsb skf `hfhc pk hst, ifdvNlX
lst hst kfv wkB.' sj jfv mcsJ rfk slsh? pdl dhsq Ocsv pfq!
hvfbcomb rst nnmfsb kfsj sjfst jsv bfmfsbf rq. iaKsm mndusl nftfm (?)
zKhf lc vfjzfk bfmfp iVfsbf rq. (de dhlzfk, zhwA mndusl sost hf
mndusl dhsq vfJst njtsj kfdrqAfkct mndul lc'vfjzfk iVsk rq. iajfw
sp, mndusl dhsq svsJ hvpfDslv Lcmifb, znQok jKfhfkGf iaHxdk fvf kfv
idhkf rfdb jvf zhwA rfvfm.) viv iDvktfq, mfmktfq nftfm (?) jvfsbf
rq. kfviv (sjfb sjfb tfjfq) wwcvhfdVsk dbsq dosq hvfnb nfk y kWqfI
jdvsq hnfsbf rq. nmq bfdj jsb tcdjsq sjfb I]fj sKsj hvsj slsJ (iYl
jsv) Kfsj. dj nmq ziYl rstW dj dhsq dIdvsq dlsk ifvsh?
zk}iv hv zfsn dhhfr mudtsnv `zftm kftfq.' hV dhbDk rsq vmft rfsk
dbsq U]csj dhYfbfq nftfm (?) jsv. dj ufdb, `zfnnftfmc zftfjcm' h'st nftfm
rqskf ufsbW bf. viv sjhtf mcsJ bfmfsp hnfv mk (iafq nhGlf hsn).
nmq zsbj ufqofq iAfsstv sose lf]dVsq lc infdLjf pchkD jifst
ylsbv sIfef dlsq hQ otfq Icstv mftf idvsq hv W hvpfD hvB jsv!
kfviv wcv JfWqf-lfWqf W Hc]dVsHfub; zsLGj JfWqf, zsLGj sItf. dmdsJfsvv
lt skf sofbf-o]fKf 70/80 ef vnsoff Jfsh. bf ifvst dbQsV-dbycsv, ycdv jsv
tf jfmsV hf sthc ycsnW sise Hvsh. isv hdm rsq sostW YfVsh sjb? iqnf skf
tfosY bf.
v isvW pdl djYc zfbsk hf dlsk jec dht rq kfrst sie hcv rsh zKhf
sItf rsh Y]csV! zfsvf jk zwftDb zfyvB hlXpfDslv! djsnv k lfiX, sjb
k hficd zdLjfv Itfsbf? jfvB, rqskf ifDv hfi syfsvv lfsq Lvf isVsY
kf. jbAflfq sKsj mcd ifWqfv ubA hvis[v k ifsq Lvf. Jfsq-lfsqW

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

59

pdl kfvf ofst yVW mfsv, khcW oft sisk bDvsh nrA jsv dbsk rsh. bsy{ pdl
dhsq Ocsv pfq! dbrfk muhcv ifDi[!
mrfb zffr hstb,

skfmvf ifbfrfv jv, dj ziyq jsvf bf. dkdb ziyqjfvDslv iYl jsvb
bf. (jc} 7/31)
zfv skfmvf djYcsk zihAq jsvf bf. pfvf zihAq jsv kfvf zhwA wqkfsbv
Hf. zfv wqkfb kfv iadkiftsjv iadk zdkwq zjxk. (jc} 17/26-27)
kfslv dhvs (wfdv) hAhf zhtb jvf rsh pfvf mfbcsNv iv zkAfyfv
jsv hQ ixdKhDsk zsrkcj dhslafrfyvB jsv shVfq. (jc} 42/42) zfv dkdb
zkAfyfdvslvsj iYl jsvb bf. (jc} 42/40)
lqfv bhD hstb, j mcndtm ziv mcndtsmv Hf. sj jfsvf idk pctcm
jvsh bf hQ sj jfsj znrfq sYsV slsh bf. kfjWqf rt rlsqv dudbn.
zfv sjfb mfbcsNv mslv ubA kecjc psK sp, sn kfv mcndtm Hfsj OxBf jsv.
iv iskAj mcndtsmv ufb, mft W k iskAj mcndtsmv ubA rfvfm jvf
rsqsY. (mc} 2564bQ)
ifEjmfs zfwf jdv hcUsk sisvsYb sp, ipGc jmGjf W dhdH zfyfvzbcfsbv nis[ sjfb nmKGb ntfsm sb. kfYfVf ifDis[v iadk mb zHl
zfyvB wcLc ntfm dhsvfLD bq; hvQ zmfbdhjW.
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jsv dhdH JfslAv HAfvfdeu iak jvf. jfvB, zihAqjfvDvf wqkfsbv Hf.
(jc} 17/27) spmb smsrmfbslv znmfb rsk bf slWqfW kfslv jkGhA.
Wdlsj Fctfv (slftfv) dhdhvfW ilGfv Fcdt sKsj shv rsq shofbf icvsNv rfsk
JfWqf-lfWqfv jkGhA (?) iftb jvsY. zfv msb msb dyf jvsY `sj sjmb jfiV
ifsh.' jfiV Jfvfi rst skf svrf sb.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

60

dhhfr-hb
ntfm j ncwxJt uDhb-hAhf. dhhfr sjfb sJtf bq. ef rt lc'de uDhsbv
dyv-hb. kf hbsj ncwxJdtk W w jvfv sswA ntfsm vsqsY dhdH
dbqm-bDdk.
ntfmD dhhfr-hsbv ubA iaKmk} wkG rt if-ifDv nmdk. nckvfQ kfvf
spJfsb dhhfr jvsk nmk bq snJfsb sufviChGj dhhfr slWqf kfslv zdHHfhsjv
ubA ShL bq. diaq bhD hstb, zjcmfvDv ivfmwG hf uhfbD zbcmdk bf dbsq
hQ jcmfvDv nmdk bf dbsq kfslv dhhfr slWqf pfsh bf. zfv jcmfvDv nmdk rt
smZb Kfjf. (hc}, mc}, nbf} 3058bQ, nmf} 1516bQ)
nckvfQ zjcmfvDv uhfbD zbcmdk hQ jcmfvDv smZbnmdk dhbf dhhfr wc rq
bf. zbcmdk sbsh jsbv hfdVv stfj.
bfhfdtjfv dhhfr kfv zdHHfhj dlsk ifsv. rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) v dhhfr
rsqdYt 6 hYv hqsn hQ dhhfr-hfnv rsqdYt 9 hYv hqsn.(mc}, dm} 2129bQ)
ksh nmdk bf dbsq zdHHfhj zif, Ifsnj, wfvfhD, hAdHyfvD, dhlzfkD hf sjfb
zspfoA icvsNv rfsk kcst dlst mdrtf nfhfdtjf rWqfv iv dbsu jfuDv dbje
zdHspfo jvsk ifsv. Yf jvst dhhfr zece svsJ fmDv nfsK nQnfv jvsk
ifsv, bsy{ hfdkt jvfskW ifsv. (zflf}, dm} 3136bQ)
ifDv ubA kfv ztD hf zdHHfhj uvvD. dhbf ztDsk dhhfr hfdkt. (zflf},
dk}, mf}, zf}, v} 1839,1840bQ)

ztD rsh nfhftj, ncmdj W ncshfLni nsykb mcndtm icvN. spmb

ifDv dikf, kf bf rst lfslf, bf rst sYst hf sifkf, bf rst nsrflv Hf, bf rst
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zbcvi dbjefkDq.
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sjfb mdrtfv zdHHfhjsk hf zfslwsm dhhfr rsh bf. (dp} 16 ix}) spmb,
dbjsev ztD Kfjsk lCsvv ztDv; spmb hfi Kfjsk lfslfv hf lfslf Kfjsk Hfsqv
zdHHfhjsk bfvDv dhhfr rq bf.
zbcvi iftdqkf hfi sjfb ztD bq. pfv sjfb ztD sb kfv ztD rsh jfuD.
(mh} 9/55)

hfi bfdj hf jhviCufvD rst smsqv ztD rsk ifsv bf. ( 26/138)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

61

zdHHfhj YfVf bfvDv dhsq rq bf. spsrkc icvsNv hAfifsv kfv smfse zdHkf
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zdHHfhj uvvD. ksh zShL zdHHfhjk jfsvf ytsh bf. (ncmfmc} 70ix}) nfLAmk
ncif W spfoA fmD dbhGfyb YfVf sJqft-JcwD mk pfv-kfv nfsK smsqv dhhfr dlsk
ifsv bf. spsrkc zdHHfhjk j hV zfmfbk. pf dbsuv fsKG spJfsb JcwD snJfsb
iasqfo jvsk hf dbsuv jfsY Hsv vfJsk ifsv bf. pKffsb kf si]ZsY slWqf Ivp.
mrfb zffr hstb, sr mcdmboB! skfmvf susb-wcsb zffr W vnCstv sJqfbk
jsvf bf hQ skfmfslv (odYk) zfmfbskvW bq. (jc} 8/27)
dkdb sjfb sJqfbkjfvD (dhhfnOfkj) zjxksj Hfstfhfsnb bf. (jc}22/38)
zffr skfmfslvsj zfslw jsvsYb sp, skfmvf zfmfbk kfv pKfKG mfdtjsj
iakAiGB jv---. (jc} 4/58)
kfYfVf iaskAj lfdqkwDt hAdsj kfv lfdqk ians djqfmsk SjdIqk dlsk
rsh. (dm} 3685bQ)
nckvfQ spmb zifs jbAflfb rfvfm. zbcvi ncif ifWqf nsW jbAflfb bf
jvfW rfvfm. jbAfv nmdk nsW dbu fsKG dhhfr bf slWqf zdHHfhsjv zShL
jkGxk. ztD mb dhhfsr hfLf dlst ivhkDG WtD dhhfr slsh. bsy{ dhyfv-dhshybfv
iv jfuD kfv dhhfsrv Hfv sbshb. (nuf} 2709bQ)
mrfb zffr hstb, zfv skfmvf pJb Dslv huGb jv hQ kfvf kfslv k
iCBG jsv, kJb kfslvsj kfslv fmD oarB jvsk hfLf dlW bf. (jc} 2/232)
ntfmD dhhfsr zfjslv nmq 2de nf[D zhwA uvvD. (v} 1844bQ)
if-ifD pdl dhhfsr sjfb wkG tfofsk yfq kfrst kf tfofsk ifsv. ksh sn wkG
spb sjfb rftftsj rfvfm hf rfvfmsj rftft bf jsv. vi rst sn wkG iftb
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oarBspfoA W iftbDq bq. hvQ zsbsjv msk zfjXl wc rsh bf. jfvB, smfrv
slWqf Wqfsuh, pdlW kf nfmfbA srfj bf sjb. zbcvi pdl ifDis[v dbje
sKsj djYc (iB) ifWqfv wkG tfdosq if dhhfr jsv ksh sn wkG iftb ifDis[v
ubA Wqfsuh bq. (dInc} 2/47)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

62

zfjXl djHfsh rsh?

smfrvfdl LfpG kAfdl rsq Kfjst jfuD hf mfm nfsrh nC[Hfsh sJ]fu sbshb sp,
ztD sj hQ wvqD djbf? hsvv yfv Dv hkGmfsb ef im dhhfr skf bq? hv
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rst dydE zflfb-ialfb jsv zfjXl nHh. ksh dydE sldJsq iafh W jhcstv iv
2ub nf[D vfJf uvvD. ( 2/36) hv fbwCbA hf sbwfoa zhfq Kfjst zfjXl
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pcdpc bq.
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smfrv, wkG kAfdl (jfdht hf jhctbfmf) dtsJ sbWqf slfsNv bq.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

63

hsvv dkDq dhhfr rst iaKmf Dv zbcmdk uvvD bq. (mh} 25/67)
YfVf hkGmfsbv pXb sbWqfv zbcfb hQ jDt W nf[D nr jsbv pXb
zfbsk pfWqfv Oefv nmKGb wvDqsk dmst bf. dhhfr zfjXslv ubA nf[D uvvD,
jsbv pXsbv ubA bq. v ubA jsbv zdHHfhj psK. zhwA zdHHfhsjv i[
sKsj sLfjf hf sJqfbskv zfwf Kfjst jfpD dbsu zKhf k]fv iadkdbdL ilGfv
zfVft sKsj jsbv mkfmk ufbsh.
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e jsv wfdV-nfqf-hfu ivfsbf, jsbv rfsk ycdV bf vfJf, mfKfv sJ]fif hf shBD bf
h]fLf, (zsbj tfjfq) ncdkv wfdV ivf uvvD msb jvf, jsbsj di]sVv iv
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mfsqv svfpf vfJf (bf JfWqf) kAfdl dhlzfk W zdkdv jmG.
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sswA nftfm W mcnfIfrf jvf, dbsuv rfsk mfm, jDt W nf[Dslvsj WtDmfr
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idymmcsJ hnfsbf kAfdl dhlzfk. (Imfmc} 2/714)
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hf kWhf jsv, kfrst kfv fmD sp LmGfhtD srfj kfv is[ rfvfm rsq pfsh.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

64

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zivsj dIsv ifsh.
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sufsvv djYc sb. (kf} 625-626 ix}) lf-bfdik dhlfsqv nmq sufviChGj iqnf
zflfsqv iaKf ntfmD bq. dhhfsrv nmq kfslv sjfb jmG hf rj sb. ( 626 ix})
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drnfsh pdl mb zsKGv lvjfv rq, ksh dbsuv oafsmv dhsq-hfdV sKsj djYc y]flf
hf HfVf sbWqf pfq. spef zbA oafsm dlsk rq snef dbu oafsm dlst Ufsmtf Kfsj bf.
dhhfr mudtsn hsvv hc-hfhslv kvI sKsj zwDt iaswfv ndtk rAfXdht
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rq. bfbD zKhf lflD zfsn. nfmsb hsn jsbv Ffb rfskv jdbf zfct dbsq
dydbsk ycdhsq hsvv zLsv iwG jvfq hQ hsvv zfct dbsq zbcvi jsbv
zLsv iwG jvfq. zk}iv zfqbfq j zisvv mcJ ialwGb jvf rq. hvsj bfbD hf
lflD vrnAYst dufnf jsv `dj slJst Hf?' hv ifjf rst (zmfhnAf slJstW)
hst `yf]l slJtfm.' djYc bf htst dwdJsq slq ifjf hcdVvf. zfv v mfsU ifVfv
F]fiftDvfW nfvf mudtn rfdnsk W JcwDsk mcJdvk jsv skfst.
viv wfwcVD hv-jsbv diYb dlsj sn lf]Vfq. dydbv ifsv j dlsj hsvv
rfk ziv dlsj jsbv rfk nr bfbD hf lflD wfwcVDsj sn if kcst slq. njst
sYsV slq, dj ifjf ufmf YfsV bf. irfv yf. ufmfsqv ifswG kfv ykcv hcbf

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

65

syfJ desi nh dw[f slq. wfwcVD djYc efjf sIst dlstW ufmfsqv iYl bf rst
sie bf YfVst yst wfwcVD-ufmfsqv sie dbsq dbtG efbfefdb! icbvfq djYc efjf
shwD iVst sie YfsV zKGstfHD ufmf. rfdnsk mudtn mcJdvk rq. tfq mcJ
Tfsj mcndtmvf. dbtGkf W Lxkf sjfb sjfb mcndtm bfmLfvD OsvW Ose Kfsj.
zk}iv wfwcVD kfv ufmf-shde, dhqf-dhqfb W zbAfsbAv rfk js Lsv
Fcjsv sj]sl jbAf n]si slq; `isv sJflf zfv bfsmfsk lw, kdlb smsq zfmfslv
dYt. Jb skfmfslv rt. wfdsk svsJf. mfvsLfv jsvf bf. jvst zffr-zffrv
vnCtsj jvf rsh----.' pfsk vsqsY jKfv dwjG.
viv jsb skftfv iftf. jsbv slftfHf sn jsbsj skfst. dj kfv jfiV
hsvv jfisVv ns wftDvf sh]sL svsJsY. irfv YfVf Jctsh bf. irfsvv ucsqf
sJtfq slftfHf jf dusk pfsh, kf rsh bf. efbfefdbv iv iYlmk efjf sist
ksh o]fe sJftf rq. v mfsU dhqf-dhqfsb W zfsvf zbAfbA irfsnv ififDslv mfsU irfsnv jk sp IctUcdv sIfse hQ buvhfuslv jk sp
buvhfuDv tVf yst, kf skf iakA[lwGDvf ufsb. jf dbtG bf rst mb
idvshw oVf nkA jdEb.
sjfb sjfb tfjfq mudtn sKsj hv dbsu dbu ifDsj sjfst kcst sjfb
dbuGb vsm iashw jsv! zfsvf jk vjm jDdkG jk tfjfq bkcb bkcb vsM W TsM
slJsk ifWqf pfq. pfv iafq nhocdt dhufkDv zbcjvsB zKhf sJqfthsw jxk
zfyfv. i[fsv mudtsnv mfsU hv jsb jE]f jvf dbtGkf W rfvfm. (Im}
46ix}, vfjfdb} 47ix})

zk}iv djYc bff jsv ufmf v rfk sLfqf dbsq irfv zffv jsv wftf hf
wftD. dj ufdb ucqfsk sj rfsv zfv sj hf dusk?
viv hv-jsb Hqsj sjfst jsv ofdVsk kcst dhlfq slWqf rq. v sysq hV
dbtGkf zfv dj rsk ifsv sp, jub ncndkf, nchfdnkf, bh idvBDkf,
tfhBAmqD pchkDsj kfv sjfb shofbf icvN kfv ofsq rfk svsJ, sjfst Hsv, hfsk
sysi ofdVsk kctsh hf ofdV sKsj bfmfsh?! ef hsvv hf dj jsv vdy rq?!
hvjsb dbsu ifsq sr]se ofdV yfish-bfmsh. dhjtf rst smsqvf sj jsbsj
hQ icvsN hvsj kctsh. jf pdl nmfsbv lvjfv rq ksh Hfsh jsbsj
mdrtf hQ hvsj icvsN ydVsq slsh. YfVf iaKf shrfqfmD W zShL.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

66

jbAf dhlfq
jbAf dhlfq jvfv iCshG dikf-mfkfv dyk, kfsj zffr-HDdk W bkcb nQnfsvv
iv dhswN islw lfb jvf. spmb dyk dYt kfv uDhbsj nclv W zflwGmq
jsv osV skftf.

j jbAfsj kfv mfkfv islw dbbvi}-

`sheD! skfmfsj sp dw[f dlsqdY kfsk zdkdv islw dbiasqfub. khcW

islw dhmxk W lfnDbsj nvB W nufo jdvsq slq.
sheD! smsqslv pdl fmD YfVf ytk hQ kfslv ubA mf-hfsiv Lb-slZtk W
snr-Hfstfhfnf pdl psK rk, kfrst dbyq skfmfsj wwcvhfdV ifEfkfm bf. dj
smsqvf icvN (fmD)slv ubA hQ icvNvf smsqslv (D)slv ubA nxd rsqsY.
sheD! kcdm sn idvshw kAfo jvsk ystY, spJfsb kcdm um dbsqY. sn hfnf
kAfo jvsk ystY, pfsk kcdm tfdtk-ifdtk rsqY hQ j bkcb jceDsv zbcomb
jvsk ystY, spJfsb skfmfv sj idvdyk bq. mb nDv nfsK hfn jvsk ystY,
pfv ndrk skfmfv sjfb zftfi sb. sn skfmfsj kfv fmDsk dbsq skfmfv
kfhLfqj W mfdtj rsqsY. nckvfQ kcdm kfv sndhjf rsqf, sn skfmfv snhj rsq pfsh.
sheD! fmDv ubA skfmfv mfsqv 10ef jKf nhGlf sJqft svsJf, dyvncdJbD rsh
bwfzffr}1- zsi kc rsq nlf kfv dbje dhbDkf Kfjsh.
2- sJqft jsv kfv njt jKf wahB jvsh hQ kfv njt zfslw iftb jvsh.
3- kfv ys[ nlf nclwGbf rsq Kfjsh. skfmfv sjfb z W jfu spb kfv ys[
ziaDdkjv bf rq.
4- kfv bfsjv jfsYW spb kcdm OxBA bf rW. hvQ nlf sn spb skfmfv dbje rsk
snZvH-ncOafB oarB jvsk ifsv. (bsy{, spb sjfb iajfsvv lcoG bf ifq.)
5- kfv dblaf W zfvfsmv jKf nlf sJqft vfJsh. jfvB, dblaf Hffv Ist dhvd W
vfo nxd rq.
6- kfv zfrfsvv jKfW nhGlf msb vfJsh. pKfnmsq Jfhfv iak vfJsh.
7- kfv Lb-nislv drIfpk jvsh, sJqfbk jsvf bf. ziyq W zihAq jsvf bf
hQ fmDsj kf jvsk hfLA jsvf bf.
8- kfv idvusbv pKfKG snhf jvsh. wk nkjGkfv nfsK njstv nfsK nAhrfv
jvsh.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

67

9- Jhvlfv! kfv sjfb jKfv zhfLA rsqf bf. bsy{ kfv rlq sKsj skfmfv
Hfstfhfnf lCv rsk Kfjsh.
10- kfv sjfb sofib vrnA W sHl jfsvf dbje iajfw jsvf bf, bsy{ kcdm kfv
dbje dhhfnOfdkbD rsq pfsh.
zfv nfhLfb! fmD pdl sjfb dhNsq dydk hf swfjfrk Kfsj, ksh kfv nfmsb
sjfb ijfv zfbl iajfw jsvf bf. zfv pdl zfbdlk W iaIc Kfsj, ksh kfv
nfmsb skfmfv sjfb swfsjv jKf iajfw jsvf bf. (dInc 2/209)
zflwG mfsqv zflwG islw hse! mfbsk ifvst ncsJv lfikA tfH rq
snZHfoAhfb lidkv.
zk}iv sheDufmfsqv sswA lczf iEbDq}.

yfvB}- zff-mf hf-dvj IDdrmf, zhf-dvj tfmf ID dhbf-drmf.

zKGf{, sr zffr! Wslv lc'usbv ubA hjGk lfb jv hQ Wslv hfnsv mt lfb
jv. (kfh}, zfdp} 174ix})

hLChvB
bhhLC t wwcv hfdVsk. hfdVsk isVsY SrSy. v I]fsj wfwcVD hvBFftfq
dnlcv, Lfb, ifb, dydb, lchGfOfn iaHxdk dbsq lvufq rfduv. ufmf (blf) bhhLCsj
sjfst kcst dbsq t. dkmsLA hfdVv iashwisK bkcb wfdV dhYfsbf rsqsY. bhhLC
zftkfvfMf ifsq kfv iv sr]se hfdVsk wcHfomb jvt. wfwcVDsj slsJ hf
dybsk sisv hLC U]csj kfv ifsq rfk sEdjsq nftfm (?) ufbft. wfwcVD iv iv
htt, `zffrsj nftfm jv mf. ncJD rW!' kfviv dn]dKsk dnlcv W mcsJ dydb dlsq,
Lfb-Ofn dlj Wdlj YdVsq, hLCv ofsq nsnsr rfk svsJ hfdVsk kctt. wcH[sB
mcsJ dydb dlst bfdj hLC nQnfsv dydbv mk mLcv rsq Kfsj; spmb nhuDv hDu
svfisbv nmq mcsJ ocV svsJ svfib jvst nhuD hf It bfdj dmd rq!
rqskf zsbsjv dhhfn rsh bf sp, mcndtm idvshswW mb rsq Kfsj! jfvB
stf dbYj dhufkDq zfyfv.
zk}iv wvhk-ifdbv LcmLfm. dj iaKm dlb wwcvhfdVsk sJsk sb (?) sjfb
zfkDqv hfdVsk sJsk rq! kf Jfhfv nmq JfslAv nfsK stfrf hf j]fyf tf svsJ
(?) zbA hfdV rsk dbsq zfnf rq?
sjfb sjfb tfjfq fmD-Dsj j ifs zfkDq-ub njstv nfmsb [Dvmfdtlf JfWqfsbfv zbcfbW ifdtk rq!

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

68

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vnftfi, Eff W sbfQvf iaswfv. slWv st HfhDv nfsK vnftfi jvsk ncspfo dlsq
hV Hf (hv) nsv pfq! rfqsv icvN skfmfv Db, NGf W siZvN sjfKfq?
dhhfsrv iaKm sKsj swN ipG dHdFW jAfsmvf fvf zKhf IsefoafID fvf nfvj
Ydh kcst vfJfq lc ifi; Ydh skftfv ifi hQ dhdH mdrtfslvsj slJf W
slJfsbfv ifi.
ntfmD iaKfq (hfnsvv) dlb hf vfs dhhfsrv iyfv dhsLq. `lcIX' (zfef-yftf
yftcsbv mk slJsk TiXTsi zfWqfudhdw j iajfv sTftj) hfdusq sYfe sYfe
hfdtjf smsqvf wDtkfiCBG oDk ofsh. dj zbA hflAp fvf zKhf zwDt, siamjfdrbDmCtj, znfv, zKGrDb oDk hf ofb ofWqf W swfbf rfvfm. dlsb ntfmD
out sosq zfbl jvf dhdLnmk; ksh kfskW spb dwjG W dhlXzfskv o bf
Kfsj. JcwDsk svjsFGv ofb, mfsjv ofb, dHdFW ialwGb iaHxdk ntfsm
jsEfvHfsh dbdN. (zfdp} 179-180ix})
zfkw hf IejfhfuDW ShL bq. jfvB, zfocb dbsq sJtf zShL, sk dhislv
zfwf zsbj, kfYfVf sk zihAq rq zKy ijfv djYc rq bf. se stfjsj
HDk-n W dhv jsv skfst. nckvfQ mcndtm dwqfv!
fsn bfyst sjfb hfdtjf hf mdrtf bfysk ifsv; ksh kf spb sjht mdrtfv
lxdsk dhbf OcMcsv icvN-y[cv zvfst rq hQ zwDt bfy bf rq. (Imfmc} 2/651)
zhwA jfu sn smsqvf ifsv pfslv zfkmpGflf, ofHDpG W wftDbkfv zHfh
zfsY. tctc slWqfW dhufkDq zfyvB. mcndtmslv ubA sn rNGLdb ShL bq. (
2/650)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

69

wcH hfnv
wcH hfnv vubD. uDhsbv mLcvkm vfd. svfmfjv ictjmq pfdmbD. bh
lidkv, bh lc siadmj-siadmjfv iaKm nf[f{ W iaKm dmtsbv wcH nd[B.
hfnv-j[de rsh msbfvm, snZvHmq, ncndk W zfstfjmdk. (zhwA
sk zihAq jvf dyk bq.) js[v jifswG Kfjsh djYc ItIce, lcL zKhf dmf
W ifdb.
hv Wpc jsv hfnsv bh nfKDv zsi[f jvsh. bhhLCsj Wpc jdvsq ncndkf W
ncvdHkf jsv HfhDvf hQ zbAfbA mdrtfvfW lczf htsh,
.

yfvB}- zftft Jfdv zthfvfjfr, zzftf Jfdvb kf-v.

zKGf{, mt W hjGskv iv hQ snZHfsoAv ndrk (skfmfv bhuDhsbv nCybf

srfj). (hc}, mc}, zfdp} 174 ix})
zk}iv kfsj hfnv Osv sYsV zfnsh. iChG rsk fmD hfnsv Kfjst D nwa
nftfm jsv js[ iashw jvsh. fmD nsnsr v slsh hQ sE mcnfIfrf jsv
wpAfq hnfsh. jcwtfdl dufnfhfslv iv fmD-D dmst 2 vfjzfk bfmfp iVsh.
ksh D l]fVfsh fmDv iyfsk. mcndtm lidkv bhuDhsbv wcHfvH rsh zffrv
hflk W zfbcoskAv mfLAsm. fmDv iyfsk l]fdVsq Dv bfmfp iVfsk kfv (ShL
dhNsq) zfbcokA jvfv iadk dk vsqsY. nckvfQ iaKmk} zffrv hflk W
dkDqk} fmDv zfbcokA W dJlmk rt bfvDv LmG.
zk}iv fmD lczf jvsh,



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yfvB}- zff-mf hf-dvjtD ID zfrXtD, zhf-dvj tfm dIqAf, zffmfumf' hfbfbf mf ufmf'kf dhJfv, zIfdvGj hfbfbf pf IfvvfjXkf tf
Jfv.
zKGf{-sr zffr! zfmfsj zfmfv idvhfsv hjGk W iafycpG lfb jv hQ Wslv
ubAW zfmfv mfsU hjGk W mt lfb jv. sr zffr! pkdlb zfmfslvsj jdk
vfJsh kkdlb mstv iv zfmfslvsj zdhdY svsJf hQ dhdY jvst mstv
ubA zfmfslvsj dhdY jsvf. (zfwf}, zfvf}, kfh}, iaHxdk ,zfdp} 94-96ix})

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

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zk}iv sE wpAfq hsn fmD Dv ttfse rfk svsJ `dhndmfr' hst lczf ifE
jvsh;

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yfvB}- zff-mf D zfnXzftcjf dmb Jfdvrf zJfdv mf ufhftkfrf
zftfdr, zzfpc dhjf dmb wfdvGrf zwfdvG mf ufhftkfrf zftfr.
zKGf{, sr zffr! zfdm skfmfv dbje v mt hQ v msLA skfmfv nx iajxdkv
mt iafKGbf jvdY. zfv skfmfv dbje v zmt hQ v mfsU skfmfv nx
iajxdkv zmt rsk zfwaq iafKGbf jvdY. (zflf}, mf}, rf}, hf}, iaHxdk, zfdp} 92-93ix})
zk}iv nsiasm sjfst sesb dbsq jef ycb dlsq fmD Dsj htsh, `zfmfsj
sisq JcwD rsqY skf diasq?' D tf W Hq jfdesq htsh, `zftrfmlc dtfr, Jch
JcwD rsqdY. zfidb JcwD skf?' fmD htsh, `zftrfmlc dtfr, wk JcwD.'
kfviv lcL, It hf dmd dbsq sj zivsj Jfsq slsh. Hfsh bhhLCv mb
sKsj Hq W tf LDsv LDsv lCvDHCk rsh. sdtk rsh siasmv kvmftf.
iajfw sp, jusbv ifs rfk svsJ zivusbv JfWqf jciaKf.
nmq wcLc spZb dyf bq hvQ HfhD uDhsbv h idvjibfv jKfW Hsq
zfstfybf jvsh. sj zivsj dhswN islw W ivfmwG slsh.
zfhc lfvlf kf]v Dsj islw dlsq hstdYstb, `pJb zfmfsj slJsh sp, zfdm
svso sodY, kJb kcdm zfmfv vfo dmefhfv syf jvsh. zfv skfmfsj svso spsk
slJst zfdmW skfmfv vfo dmefh.' (dInc} 2/208)
zfhct zfnWqfl k]fv Dsj hstdYstb, `diasq zfdm Hct jsv sItst zfmfv jfsY
hltf sbhfv syf bf jsv zfmfsj [mf jsv dlW. zfv zfdm sfLfdhk rsq jKf
htst kcdm zfmfv mcsJv iv mcJ dlW bf. sk zfmfslv Hfstfhfnf dyvfqD W mLcv
rsh.'
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kf sHsM pfq. kf rqskf fmDv isvW mcJ yftfq. kf jec mfdbsq ytshb.'
fmD htt, `kf dEj, kf j]fsyv ecjvf fmDv mpGflfq dh]sL j slq. kfYfVf
smsqslv mb j]fsyv rstW mcJJfbf djc ifjf ifskv. kf nh sHsM sostW mcJ
z[k zhfq nshso ytmfb Kfsj. zKy mcJJfbf j]fsyv W mbJfbf stfrfv rst
zfocsb dO isV bf. lfikAW rq mLcv.'

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

71

dhhfsrv vsM vfMf zfu nh; vfMf mb, vfMf zfHvB,

ht bfvD ` v zfstfsj zfu mm bh ufovB.'
ifsi bq idkicsBA ncmdk
Kfsj spb rsqf idkv nfvdK
idk pdl rq z sr nkD!
sh]sLfbf bqsb zfhvB;
z idksv zf]dJ slq spb skfmfv nkA zfyvB.
nkjGkfv dhNq sp, vfs hf zbA sjfb nmsqW ivisvv iCshGjfv dkrfn
ufbsk bf yfWqf Hsqv ubA m. bsy{ mLcvfd dhNvfdsk idvBk rsh.
sJA sp, hfnsv hv-jsbv jsKfijKsb jfbfdy ifkf rfvfm. jfbfdy sisk sofib
jKf sp swfsb, djqfmsk kfv jfsb odtk nDnf Tftf rsh. (hc} 7042bQ)
bh-lidkv siasmv sufqfv ifdhk jvj kfslv uDhb W spZhsbv Hq jctsj;
sk zisvv jfu dj?
`hfdk zfsb vfdk zfbfv iaDdk,
hLCv hcsj sofib ncsJv HDdk.
dhub Osv Jb sp ofq oDdk..
jtf Kfjfv ofbJfdb sn of'sh
lfn idKj Hfsh.'
dj dmtb-diifnfkG fmD dj SLpG vfJsk yfsh? mb kfv ofsh }`ocb sJft dbusGb zfsIfef siasmv oc,
sbdY ivfsk ztsj skfmfv zfstf j'sv rdljc.
vk iahfr zfdbqf isb,
nd]ih skfmfsv ldJbf ihsbmb Ifocsbv Ifo smsJ n bfdysh jfmbfic.'

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

72

mLc-dmtb
rlsqv zflfb-ialfsbv iKm nf[fsk spZb-dmtb jvsk syf bf jvf fmDv
dyk. zhwA D vfuD W iak Kfjst sn jKf dH. Dv jkGhA fmDv dsk nfVf
slWqf. mb dj sofnstv ifdb bf KfjstW Dv `bf' jvfv zdLjfv sb. (zfdb
96ix}) spsrkc fmD pJb kfv Dsj dhYfbfv dlsj Ffsj kJb D spsk zDjfv
jvst hQ fmD vfofdhk zhfq vfd jfefst iaHfkjft ipG dIdvfhoG Dv
iv zdHwfi jsv Kfsjb. (hc}, mc}, zflf}, zf}, nuf} 532bQ)
D vffwfst vffv jfsu hA KfjstW fmDv Ffsj idk rWqf Wqfsuh. (bf},
kf}, dm} 3257bQ, nuf} 534bQ)

dmtsb vsqsY nljfv nm-idvmfB nWqfh. (mc}, bf}) jefbf bIt hflk kAfo
jsvW D dmtb jvf ntfsmv dhLfb. (hc} mc}, dm}145bQ) ubA fmD idk
Kfjst kfv zbcmdk YfVf D bIt svfpf vfJsk ifsv bf. (dm} 3269bQ)
nckvfQ zbAfbA hAkf kAfo jsv nsmv mfLAsm Hsqv msb mrfwfd zfbqb
jf jkGhA.
dmtsb sjht fmDv dbsuv spZbkxf dbhfvB spb swA bf rq. sjht dbsuv
subf W jfmfdo dbhGfdik jvsk hQ Dv mfbdnj, wfvDdvj, iaHxdk zhf
sJqft bf jsv zKhf kfsj sdukf bf jsv zKhf kfv hDpGJtb hf iCBGkxdv
jKf bf sHsh sjht dbsuv hDpGifk W kxdsj ifLfbA dlsq dmtb mLc-dmtb bq.
Hsqv iCBG kxd rt iajxk mLcv dmtb. nckvfQ nsmv iCshG dhdH wxfv;
zfdtb, ycb, lQwb, mlGb iaHxdkv HCdmjf uvvD. bsy{ D fl sKsj hdk
rst kfv dbje siasmv sjfb fl Kfjsh bf. idk sisqW iidkv dyfq dlbifk
jvsh. zkh nsykb pchj spb sk Hct bf jsv hsn. bsy{ dhsqv zfnt swA
(hAdHyfv {Jfk) dhIt rsq pfsh. (n} 50-51ix})
ijfw sp, wxfsvv nmq Dv bhx lQwb W syfNb sjfb slfsNv bq. (I} 2/757)
dmtsbv ubA sjfb dbdlG dlb-[B hf nmq sb. mfbdnj W wfvDdvj nckf hQ
msbv yfdrlf Kfjst kf jvf pfq. zhwA zdLj sbwfq fA rfvfsbf dyk bq.
fAv[fv ubA dhbf iwG W spZb dyfq pJb spZbf IDk rsq sE dEj sn
nmsq jvf dyk. ksh msb vfJfv jKf sp, j zisvv spZb[cLf dmefsk znmKG
rst hQ spZbhfufsv jub ovm W zivub Eff rst nQnfsv jtr sbsm zfsn.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

73

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dbshGfL rq, Hfsh jvst nfb z, hdLv hf dhjtf rq kAfdl jKfv Djxdk
ntfsm sb. zffr ifj hstb, skfmfslv D skfmfslv wnAs[ vi. NckvfQ
skfmvf skfmfslv wNAs[s spHfsh Yf omb jvsk ifv. (jc} 2/223) zkh nm
vjsmv zfnb ShL. nm ShL nmsq nm ShL. zmfhwAf-iCdBGmf iaHxdk sjfb
wcHfwcH dlb hf vfk bq. sk nfsbv sjfbW [dk rq bf. (hc}, mc}, zfdp} 99-100ix})
Dv mfdnj rst nm rfvfm. jfvB, nfh zwcdy. idh bf rWqf ipG Dv
dbje nsmv ubA pfWqf dbdN. (jc} 2/222)
mfdnjfhfq nm jvf j ijfv jcIvD. (zflf}, dk}, mf}, bf}, zfdp}120-121)
nrhfn jsv sItst j lDbfv (nWqf yfv oafm idvmfB snfbf zKhf kfv mCtA, bf
ifvst v zLG idvmfB zKG) nljfr jsv jfIXIfvf dlsk rsh. (zflf}, dk}, bf}, mf} iaHxdk, zfdp 122ix})
YfVf zhfq nsm fmD-Dv Hsqv is[ fAok dhswN [dkW vsqsY
zsbj. (kczf} 139 ix})
zhwA mfdnjfhfq nm YfVf zbAfbAHfsh spZbfyfv ShL. (mc}, zflf}, iaHxdk, zfdp}
121-122ix}) spmb, nmq hf zbAfbA nmq Dv vSmKcb ShL. sk hDpGifk
rstW slfN sb. (zfdb} 1/90)
ksh Dv ifqcisK (mtfsv) nm rfvfm. sp hAd mb jfu jsv sn zdHw.
(zflf}, zf}) mb hAdv dlsj zffr djqfmskv dlb kfdjsqW slJshb bf. (bf}, dk})
mb jfuW j iajfv jcIvD. (zflf}, dk}, mf}, zfdp} 101-104ix}) nckvfQ
nsm Dv nmk bf rWqf Ivp.
sJA sp, sbIfsnv zhfskW nm rfvfm. oHGfhfq pdl sBv sjfb ijfv
[dkv zfwf bf Kfsj kfrst Jch nkjGkfv nfsK ShL. (Im} 103ix})
dbuGb js[ sjfb ilGfv dHksv dmtb jvf tfwDtkfv idvyq. zhwA fmD-D
Hsq Hsqv nhGf bofhfq slJsk ifsv. (I} 2/766) sk fAok sjfb
[dkW sb. `fmD-Dv sj zsbAv tffb slJsk sb, hf rpvk zfsqwf (vf})
jJbW fmDv ocf slsJbdb, t rsq ofLfv mk nrhfn jsvf bf, hf t rsq
nrhfn jvst nfb z rq. nsmv nmq jKf htst nfb skf{tf hf shfhf rq'
kAfdl hst sp nh rflDn hBGbf jvf rq, kfv jdeW nrDr W wc bq. (slJcb, kczf}
118-119ix})

i[fsv zffr hstb, Wvf (Dvf) skfmfslv sthfn hQ skfmvf kfslv

sthfn. (jc} 2/187)
Ocm rstW dbu nfb hf zbA sj js[ Kfjst nm jvf dyk bq. ksh dwwc
jf zshfL rst dH jKf.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

74

iajfw sp, smsqslv spZb-dmtb bf jvfv nfLfvB SLpG-nDmf yfv mfn. kf ipGf
jfvB YfVf hQ Hsqv nmk ycd hAkDk v zdLj nmq dhvsr jfefsbf ShL
bq. (Im} 77ix})
nsmv iCshG dbsbv lczf ifE jkGhA;
.





yfvB}- dhndmf-r, zff-mf ufdhbfw wfkf-bf zufddhw wfkf-bf mf
vfpfjkfbf.
zKGf{, zfdm zffrv bfm dbsq wcv jvdY. sr zffr! zfmfslv dbje sKsj
wqkfbsj lCsv vfJ hQ zfmfslvsj sp nfb lfb jvsh kfv dbje sKsjW
wqkfbsj lCsv vfJ.
lczf ifE jsv nrhfn jvst nrhfsnv Ist nxd nfsbv sjfb [dk
wqkfb jvsk ifsv bf. (hc}, zflf}, dk}, zfdp} 98ix}) iajfw sp, wqkfbW mfbcsNv nfbndksk zQwoarB jsv Kfsj; pdl nsmv iCshG zffrv bfm bf sbWqf rq kfrst.
(jc} 17/64, kjf} 3/54)

nm hf hDpGifskv iv sofnt (mfKf wc nhGwvDv sLfqf) Ivp. ksh bofhfq

fmD-D zfdtbfdl jvst, hDpGifk bf rst hQ mpD (hDspGv iCshG dboGk zfEft
kvt ilfKG) shv rstW sofnt Ivp bq. tffb Lcsq Wpc psK.
dtfoa spfbD-mcsJ iashw jvfst hDpGifk bf rstW Hsqv iv sofnt Ivp.
zbcvi dtfoa spfbDisK iashw bf jdvsqW sp sjfb iajfsv hDpGifk jvst sofnt
Ivp. (mh} 22/89)
Dv v-SmKcb jsv hDpGifk jvst fmD sofnt jvsh. D (hDpGifk bf rst)
sofnt jvsh bf. v Lcsq Wpc psK. (zfdb} 1/90ix})
jfdLj hfv nm zKhf sofnt Ivspv jfdLj jfvB rstW swsN jhfv
sofnt psK. ( 1/125ix})
fmD-nm jvfv iv-iv Dv mfdnj wcv rsq sost sjhfsv mfdnj h rWqfv
iv sofnt jvsk ifsv. ( 1/124) zKGf{ mfdnjfhfq iChG-nsmv ubA sofnt
uvvD bq.
iaKsm fmD sofnt jsv Dv sofnt jvfv iCshG wDsk kfv slsrv fi sbWqf
sjfb slfsNv bq. (zfdp} 105 ix})
j vfs hf dlsb jfdLjhfv nrhfn jvsk yfst lc nrhfsnv mfsU Wpc jsv
sbWqf dyk. zhwA sofnt jvst zfsvf m. sk icbdmGtsb zdLjkv kxd
tfH rq. (mc}, zfwf}, zf}, zflf}, bf}, kfh}, zfdp} 108ix})

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

75

dblafv iCshG nm jsv Iusvv iCshG sofnt jvsk yfst tffb Lcsq Wpc zKhf
kfqfmcm jsv wqb jvf m. (zfdp} 113,117-118 ix})
zhwA nshGfm rstf Ocmfhfv iCshG sofnt jsv sbWqf. (118ix}) jfvB, lDOG[B
bfifsj bf Kfjf swaq. ksh sofnt bf jsv spb sjfb bfmfp b bf rq. spsrkc
pKfnmsq bfmfp zflfq jvf Ivp.
svfpfv dlsb Dycb W wxfvfyfsv hDpGifk bf rst svfpf b rq bf. (I} 1/505)
pdlW siamsjdtsk mpD Jtb rq khcW sjfb [dk sb. (mh} 14/104) Dv
rSmKcsb hf njfsm hDpGifk jvst svfpf b rq. (I} 1/507) fmD-D sjfb iajfv
Hcst svfpfv dlsb nsm dt rsq iVst msb iVf mf ixKj rsq pfsh. v ubA
jfpf jfIXIfvf sb. (mh} 14/113)
Yfjxk nm jvst svfpf jfpf hQ jfIXIfvf Wqfsuh; jde Dklfn fLDb
jvsh, bf ifvst (pKfKG Wuv YfVf) dbvhdYHfsh lc mfn jefbf svfpf iftb
jvsh, kf bf ifvst Nfeub ovDhsj (mfKfdiYc 1djstf 250 oafm jsv) JflA (yft)
lfb jvsk rsh. (hc}, mc}, zflf}, dk}, bf}, mf}, dInc} 1/413-414)
zhwA D nmk bf rst sufviChGj nrhfn jvst Dv svfpf b rq bf. (I} 1/542)
'dkjfI zhfq nm ShL bq. (jc} 2/187)
r jvsk dosq rvfm zhfq nm jvst r hfdkt rsq pfsh. rsv nm
jfu iCBG jvsk rsh, mfq zdkdv jde ]e dIlqfr dlsk rsh hQ bIt rstW
r zfofmDsk jfpf jvsk rsh. (I} 2/232)
dmtsbv oc vrnA hc-nJD hf zfv jfsvf dbje iajfw jvf rfvfm. D-nsmv jKf
sp zisvv dbje Jcst hst sn hAd djqfmsk zffrv dbje nhsysq dbjx ipGfsqv
stfsjslv ltHc rsh. (zfwf}, mc}, zf}, iaHxdk zfdp} 142 ix})
mb hAd skf sn wqkfsbv mk, sp sjfb bfvD-wqkfbsj vffq sisq nm
jvsk tfso, zfv stfsjvf kfv dlsj sysq sysq slsJ.(zf},zfwf},zflf},hf},iaHxdk zfdp} 143-144 ix})
sJA sp, dhhfr-hsbv iv nfvfv iCshG fmD-Dv slJf-nf[f{ W dmtb ShL. (mh}
22/206)

iajfw Kfsj sp, hfnv vfdv swN iaHfsk lcL kAfdl dlsq hfnv Eff jvfv zfyfv
ntfmD bq.
hsvv ubA hfnv-njfst sE hfdVsk idk zfkDq-ubsj nftfm slWqf hQ
kfslv ubA lczf jvf mcfrfh. zfkDq-usbvW mcfrfh, kfv ubA zbcvi nftfmlczf jvf. zffrv vnCt mbde jsvsYb. (bf}, zfdp} 138-139 ix})

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

76

ztDmfrX
ztDmfr hf hsHfu jvf Wqfsuh. (zf}, kfh}, kf}, iaHxdk ,zfdp} 144ix}) pdlW hf
jde mf Yfot pshr jvf rq. (hc}, mc}, iaHxdk, zfdp} 149 ix})
sHfu zbcfb dkb dlb ipG jvf yst. (zfhc qf'tf iaHxdk, zfdp} 146 ix})
sHfsuv zdLj rjlfv Dblfv ivsrpofv mcndtmvf. diaq hstb, mcdmb
YfVf jfsvf nD rsqf bf hQ ivsrpofv hAd YfVf skfmfv JflA spb zbA sjW bf
sJsk ifq. (zflf}, dk}, rf}, zf}, zfdp}164 ix})
ztDmfv ubA mfQn rWqf uvvD bq. sp sjfb JflA fvf dmtsbf{nh iftb
jvf pfq. (zfdp} 151 ix})
ovDh mfbcNslv ztDmf-sHfsu zKG hf JflAfdl dlsq zQw oarB jvf LbD mfbcNslv
ubA mcfrfh. (hc}, mc} kAfdl, zfdp} 152 ix})
sHfsu shsY shsY LbDslvsj dbmB jvf hQ ovDh mfbcNslv (pfvf zivsj
JfWqfsk ifsv bf kfslv)sj hfl slWqf rst v JflA dbjxkm JfslA idvodBk
rq. (mc}, hf}, iaHxdk, zfdp} 153ix})
ztDmfv ubA zfmdk rst idk rWqf Wqfsuh. sp hAd dhbf Wusv mb
sHfsu idk rq bf, sn hAd zffr W kf]v vnCstv zhfLA. (hc}, mc}, zf}, hf}, iaHxdk,
zfdp} 154ix}) mb dj svfpf svsJ KfjstW idk rsq kfslv ubA lczf jvsk
rsh. (mc}, bf}, zf}, hf}, iaHxdk, zfdp} 155ix}) svfpf bIt rst hQ dbmBjfvD sJsk
sufv jvst svfpf sHsW sJsk ifsv. (mc}, zf}, iaHxdk, zfdp} 155ix}) zfv Hff
svfpf jfpf jvsk rsh bf. (zfdp} 159ix})
dj sp ztDmf zbcfsb zwDt hf zShL jmGjDdkG (ofb-hfubf, dHdFW, ml
iaHxdk) yst sn ztDmfq idk rsq pdl islswv mfLAsm kf h jvsk ifsv
ksh sHfu JfWqf ShL. bsy{ bf sJsq dIsv pfWqf Wqfsuh. hAfifsv h rflDn
vsqsY. kfv lc-jde dbmvi}diaq bhD hstb, sp hAd zffr W ivjfst dhhfn vfsJ sn spb jJb sn
sHfu-mudtsn bf hsn pfsk mlA idvshdwk rq. (zf}, dk}, rf}, zfdp} 163-164 ix})
jlf rpvk zftD (vf}) bhD sj dbmB jvst dkdb k]fv oxsr Ydh slsJ dIsv
sostb. zftD htstb, `dj jfvsB dIsv stb, sr zffrv vnCt! zfmfv mf-hfi

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

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zfibfv ubA {noG srfj.' dkdb sv htstb, oxsrv j ilGfq (iafBDv) Ydh
vsqsY. zfv dIdvfhoG sn oxsr iashw jsvb bf sp oxsr Ydh Kfsj. (mf} iaHxdk zfdp} 161ix})
hsb mfnl sj j hAd lfWqfk dlt. dkdb stfjdesj sFsj dufnf
jvstb, `Osv mCdkG (hf effsbf Isef) zfsY bfdj?' stfjde htt, `r]Af zfsY.'
zk}iv sn mCdkG (hf Isef) b bf jvf ipG dkdb iashw jvstb bf. lCv jvf
rst ksh iashw jvstb. (hf}, zfdp} 165 ix})
mfm zfWpf hstb, `sp ztDmfq sTft-khtf W hflAp Kfsj sn ztDmfq
zfmvf rfduv r bf.' (zfdp} 165-166ix})
dufnA sp, iB sbWqf pdl OcN W rfvfm mft sbWqf rq kfrst sn mft sKsj
jxk ztDmf-sHfu JfWqf ShL dj? zhwA pfv mft rfvfm W rftfst nQdmdwk kfv
dbmB JfWqfv dhNqdeW dhkdjGk. rfvfm JflA H[B sKsj h]fysk bf ifvst lczf
oarBspfoA rsh sjfssj?
pfvf ShL ztDmf Jfsh kfslv ubA dyk, JfWqfv iv dbmB JfWqfv nfLfvB lczf
iVf hQ hjGskv ubA dhswN lczf jvf. (zfdp} 166-175 ix})
`sp lc'de jcncm IcdeqfsY zfdu siasmv jcncm hfso,
dbmGt kfslv jvsof iaHc zfibfv zbcvfso.'
ztDmf hf zbA lfWqfk sp JfWqfsh kfv msb msb dbqk rWqf dyk bq sp,
zfu pfslvsj zfdm JfWqfdY jft kfvf zfmfsj zhwA JfWqfsh. spmb, sp Jfq
kfsjW B hf shfUf msb jvf dyk bq. zhwA JfWqfsbfv hlst JfWqfsbf, irfv
hf ijfsvv dhdbmsq irfv W ijfv jvf jkGhA. ksh kf iaskAsjv dbu dbu
nfLAfbcpfqD. bf ifvst wcjdvqf fib W lczf jvf jkGhA. JfWqfsbfv iv wcjdvqflczf dbsq kfviv sJ]fyf hf kctbf mfvfv zHAfn dbyq mcndtsmv bq.
dhsq idVsq svsJ (zfjslv iv) zfnf-pfWqf dmtbfdl rWqfv iv dhbf zbcfsb
h Osv zfbf pdl wwcsvv Jvy hf]yfsbfv sswA rq kfrst kf j mr{ jfu.
dj sk dbsuvW Jvy hf]yfsbfv swA ndEj bq. jfvB, ztDmf-sHfu (zi
Jvsy rstW) jvsk rsh. kf rt Wqfsuh.
zhwA JfsbW ziyq ShL bq. sjbbf, ziyqjfvD wqkfsbv Hf. kfYfVf bfm
sbWqfv sswA stfjsj sldJsq zKG bf Kfjst B jsvW dhwft LcmLfm jvf ShL
bq. (kczf}119ix}) iv iadkdlkf jsv oshGv nfsK sp sHfu-zbcfb jvf rq sn
sHfu JfWqf dbdN. (dnn} 626 bQ)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

78

zbAfbA stfjfyfv
hvpfDv zsLGj nQJfq jsbpfD zfsn hsvv hfdV jsb-ufmf dbsk. ziasqfusb
jsbv hfiW v mfLAsm h jcecsmv mfb v[f hf hLGb jsv Kfsj. pf hf srfj hsvv
hfsiv jfsY rfI iadkswfL skf sbWqf rq!
sjfb sjfb zst bhhLCv mfkxtq pffv iCshGv vfs fmD-D Hqsj zbcfb
jsv `syZKD sofnt' slWqf rq. zk}iv fmD kfv Dsj sjfst kcst sjfb vsm
iashw jvsk yfst hJdwswv stfsH lvuf zfost lf]Vfq fmDv djQhf Dv sjfb
irfsnv (?) if hf ifD. hJdww sist ksh lvuf YfVf rq!
dhlfsqv iCshG hLC njstv rfsk dmd, dydb hf (dikxtq rsk zfnf) ocV dhkvB jsv.
sk sn bfdj njstv jfsY dmd-mLcv rsq nQnfv jvsk ifsv! zk}iv ofbfshofbf njstv if iwG jsv zKhf nftfm mcnfIfrf jsv dhlfq W lczf sbq. zsbj
hx-hxf ifsq nftfm sbWqfv nmq `zffrsj nftfm jv mf' h'st Kfsj. dj kf sp
rfvfm, kf sj kfsj ufbfq bf. hvQ bf jvst hLCv shzflhDv yyGf rsq Kfsj!
zk}iv jsb nr ufmf wwcv hfdVsk sost iaKm nf[fsk wftD hf wftfuslv
kvI rsk mufsjv j jdEb ivD[fv zfiAfqb oarB jvsk rq. `se'-sk hcV
jvf ofsn wvhk-ifdb, kf ufmfsj dnLf jsv ifb jvsk rq. zKhf thB, dydb W
nflf ifdbv vdMb wvhk; kfsj ndEj wvhk dysb sJsk rq! Jfb rsk wcv rq
irfsnv if-ifDslv nfmbf-nfmdb rfdn-zfsmfl W mfb-zimfsbv mfLAsm
idvshw sbfQvf jvfv iftf. sp irfn fmD-Dsk jvst hcdVvf hst, `dY} dY}
sjhfsv h ifotf! jKfq hst, dlsb Hfwcv zfv vfsk icvN!'
viv wcv rq zmtf. zmtfv nfu-sifwfj dbsq vfo-zbcvfo. zbcvi
b'dlb, rtcl mtf, sT]dj mtf, hflod, JAfb iaHxdk dhufkDq zfyfv W zbcfb!
YfVf vsqsY rfdbmcb W dhhfr-hfdNGjD iftb pf ifyfkA nHAkfv zbcjvsB
kKfjdKk nHAswaBDv mfbcsNvf j'sv zsKGv ziyq Odesq Kfsj. diaq bhD hstb,
sp hAd sp ufdkv zbcvi zfyvB j'sv Kfsj, sn hAd sn ufdkv ltHc.'
(Im} 50ix}, I} 2/759)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

79

lfikA W zdLjfv
uosk pk IcdeqfsY Ict, IdtqfsY pk It,
bfvD dlt kfsr vi-vn-mLc-o ncdbmGt.
sjfsbf jfst jf rq db sjf uqD icvsNv kvhfvD,
siavBf dlqfsY, wd dlqfsY dhuq-t[D bfvD.
bfvD icvsNv zLGfdbD, nmfsuv nyt sufVf yfjfv zbAkm. idvhfsvv dHd W
dw[fv iaKm ct bfvD. iaskAj mrfb icvsNv iyfsk sjfb bf sjfb bfvD
tcfdqk Kfsj zKhf icvsNv mrskv diYsb bfvDv rfk zhwA Kfsj.
lfikA uDhsb fmD-D Hsq Hsqv mcJfsi[D. iaskAsjv - zdLjfv
vsqsY zisvv iv. ntfsm rt HfvnfmAmCtj ifvidvj nrfqkfdHdj
siam-iaDdkv nclvkm uDhb hAhf.
mfbcN drnfsh nmfb zdLjfv njstv. dj kfrstW nmfsu ncwxJtfv ubA sbkf W
mfbAhAdv dhswN iasqfub. bsy{ nhf `smfVt' rst wfd W wxJtf hufq Kfsj
bf. bfvD-icvsNv HCdmjf nmfb rstW bfvDv iv icvsNv jkGxk vsqsY. bfvD
ufdksj zsi[fjxk lchGtvsi nxdjkGf zffrv sOfNBf}


zKGf{, kfvf skfmfslv sifwfj hQ skfmvf kfslv sifwfj. (jc} 2/187)
bfvDslv skmdb bAfqnQok zdLjfv zfsY, spmb zfsY kfslv iv icvNslv.
dj bfvDslv iv icvNslv djYc mpfGlf zfsY. (jc} 2/228)
icvN bfvDv jkGf. jfvB zffr kfslv jsj zisvv iv swak lfb jsvsYb
hQ swak ubA sp, icvN (kfslv ubA) Lb hAq jsv Kfsj. (jc} 4/34)
nckvfQ bfvD icvNslv sbD rsk ifsv bf. sbkfv zLGfdbD, vfbD hf vfumfkf rsq
skf bfvDv dhvfe ohG. hflskW fmD Dv mfm. fmD zdwd[k hQ D ifjf
rfsIp-jfvD rstW mfmdk fmD jvsh. (mh} 1/382) iv D fmDv iyfsk
l]fdVsq (ufmfzfk jsv) bfmfu iVsh. (zfdb} 1/416)

fmDv iv Dv zbDjfpG zdLjfv}-

fmDv iv Dv h zdLjfv zfsY, pf iftb jvf fmDv is[ Wqfsuh. sn nm

zdLjfv dbmvi}-

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

80

1- zfdKGj zdLjfv}-

j- fmD dhhfr-hsbv nmq hf iCshG sp smfrv Dsj ialfb jvsh hst zDjfv
jsvsY kf iCBGHfsh zflfq jvf hQ kf rsk Dsj hdkf jvfv ubA sjfb iajfv
eft-hfrfbf bf jvf. mrfb zffr hstb, nckvfQ kfslvsj kfslv Ivp smfrv
ziGB jv. (jc} 4/24)
J- zfdKGj zhfbcpfqD Dv HvB-sifNB jvf. dbsu pf Jfsh kfsj JfWqfsh hQ pf
idvLfb jvsh dEj sn nmmfsbv sthfn kfsjW idvLfb jvfsh. (zflf}, dk}, bf}, mfmc}
147ix}) zhwA sbjDv dbqsk hAdqk zKG fmDv ubA nljfv nmkctA rsh. (hc}, mc},
dm}1930bQ) zbAfbA njt hAsqv sysq Dv iyfsk hAsqv sbjD zdLj. (mc}, dm}
1931bQ) mb dj kfsj j ofn ifdb ifb jvfstW kfsk sbjD tfH rq fmDv. (dnn}
2736bQ, v} 899 bQ)

2- hAhrfdvj zdLjfv}-

j- Dv ndrk nfsh hfn jvf Wqfsuh. lc-jde ocB ziYl rstW nlfyfv W
nAhrfv h jvf smfse dyk bq. mrfb zffr hstb, zfv kfslv ndrk nfsh
uDhb-pfib jv. skfmvf pdl kfslvsj OxBf jv ksh mbW rsk ifsv sp, skfmvf
pf OxBf jvY, zffr kfv msLA iaHCk jtAfB dbdrk svsJsYb. (jc} 4/19)
nckvfQ nfh Icdesq kctsk fmD nhGlf dbsuv siamsj Dv msbv dnQrfnsb zfnDb
jsv vfJsh. kfsj nclv siammq bfsm Ffjsh, sn pf yfq kf kfsj nfLAmk ialfb
jvsh. rlsqv dhdbmsq rlq hQ wd bq hvQ Hd fvf nfKDv mb uq jvf jkGhA.
Dv mb sisk rst zfso siam dlsk rsh. `jde ifJDsj Lvsk rst kfsj Hq
slJfsbf yst bf. kfsj zflv j'sv, Hfstfhfnf dlsq jfsY zfbsk rq. zk}iv
jdlb sn zfidb sifN smsb sbq. jfvB, snr W Hfstfhfnf hV idh dudbn.'
Dv dbje kfv mfkxtsqv iawQnf jvsh. nmq mk kfsj snJfsb dbsq pfsh hf
spsk-zfnsk slsh.
sjfb jfvsB D svso sost SLpG Lvsh. mcJGfdm jvst nrA jsv sbsh. spsrkc icvN
zsi[f bfvDv zfsho W iadkdqf-iahBkf zdLj hQ icvsNv sysq bfvDv SLpG
htfQsw jm. nckvfQ lqf jsv srfj zKhf Hfstfhfnfv Jfdksv srfj kfv Hct
[mf jvsh. `pk Hct rsh Ict Hfstfhfnfsk.' kfv sYfeJfe dev iadk s[i
jvsh bf. zdbYfjxk Hcstv iv kfsj syfJ vfMfsh bf. zbAfq jvst zhwA wfnb
jvfv zdLjfv kfv zfsY. ksh`wfnb jvf kfv nfsu snfrfo jsv sp,
dev iv iaDdkv nfsK nrb Lsv sn.'

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

81

kfYfVf Hct rWqf mfbcsNv iajxdkok Hfh. Hct-de dlsq njstv uDhb oVf.
dj sn Hctsj iafLfbA dlsq hfjD uDhsb zwfd sFsj zfbfv sjfb pcd sb.
diaq bhD hstb, skfmvf bfvDslv ubA drkfjfJD rW. jfvB, bfvD ufdk hdm
ivfd rsk nx. (nckvfQ kfslv iajxdk hdm W sevf.) zkh kcdm snfuf
jvsk sost rqskf kf sHs sItsh. zfv dbsuv zhfq si[f jvst h]fjf
sKsj pfsh. zkh kfslv ubA mtjfmD rW. (hc}, mc}, dm} 3238bQ)
nckvfQ Dv dbje sKsj pk hV zflswGv hAhrfv zfwf jvf pfj bf sjb, kfv
msLA djYc bf djYc sevfdm Kfjsh. niCBGHfsh fmDv msb zdk nvt isK sn ytsk
yfsh bf. snfuf jsv yftfsk sost rfV Hffv mk sHs pfsh; zKGf{ mb sHs
lfikA sHsM (kftfj rsq) pfsh. (mc}, dm} 3239bQ)
diaq bhD hstb, sjfb mc'dmb icvN spb sjfb mc'dmb Dsj OxBf bf hfsn. jfvB
sn kfv jef ocB ziYl jvstW ziv zfv jef ocsB mc rsh. (mc}, dm} 3240bQ)
nckvfQ iCdBGmfv nclwGb ydlamfvW jt zfsY. nclwGb snZvHmq softfsiv ndrkW
jej zfsY. ocBhkDv msLAW djYc de sKsj pfWqf zfHfdhj bq.
jdKk zfsY sp, jlf j hAd kfv sEf]ejfef Dv zdHspfo dbsq rpvk mfsvv
dbje idk rsq hfdV lvufq kf]sj Ffj dlsq zsi[f jvsk wcbsk sit
rpvk Wmsvv DW kf]v ndrk jKf-jfefjfde jvsYb hQ dkdb bDvh sKsj pfsYb.
stfjde zfv sjfb jKf bf hst iafb jvsk jvsk msb msb htsk tfot,
`zfmDvt mc'dmbDsbv pdl zhf rq zKy dkdb JtDIf, jk jVf mfbcN, kfrst
zfmfv zfv dj rsk ifsv?' rpvk mfv lvufq sn stfjdesj spsk slsJ sFsj
dufnf jvstb, `skfmfv iasqfub bf hst kcdm yst pfY sjb?' stfjde htt,
`pfv ubA sndYtfm kfv uhfh zfdm sisq sodY ucv! zfmfv D zfmfv ndrk tf
dusH jKf hst. kfv zdHspfo dbsq zfibfv jfsY sndYtfm. dj slJdY
zfibfvW zfmfv mk zhf?' mfv htstb, `zfdm nrA jsv db Hf! jfvB,
zfmfv iv kfv zsbj zdLjfv zfsY; sn zfmfv Jfbf ifj jsv, vde SkvD jsv,
jfiV Lcsq slq, zfmfv nfbsj blc ifb jdvsq tftb-iftb jsv, zfmfv rlsq
wfd zfsb, kAfdl. kf jec nrA jsv db.' stfjde htt, `zfmDvt mc'dmbDb!
zfmfv DW skf zbcvi.' mfv htstb, `ksh nrA jsv bfW so Hf! sn skf
nfmfbA[B vfofdhkf Kfsj.'
nckvfQ nclv snZvHmq softfi kcst kfv ncOfB dbsk rst lc-jef j]fef rfskofsq I]cVsh Sh dj? jf]efv ubA sj dj iaIcdek softfisj OxBf jsv? bfvD
softfsiv mk nclv W sjfmt hst j]fefv bAfq jKf fvf dbsusj v[f jvsk yfq.
(mf} 52 ix})

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

82

i[fsv vfsov mfKfq jub icvNsj [f jvsk rst kfv dhshj-hcdv sJ

Lsv, jub bfvDsj [f jvsk rst kfv rlq W zfshsov sJ Lsv hQ nmfusj
[f jvsk rst kfv iajxdksj ufoak jsv nIt rWqf pfq. kfYfVf `Dv ns
UoVf jsv sjfb tfHW sb; zfOfk jvstW j, zfv zfOfk sistW j.'
D sjfb Hft jKf htst si[fv jfsb bf wcsb sJqfstv nfsK swfbf, sjfb m
vfq-ivfmwG dlst kf nflsv oarB jvfW nfsh hfn jvfv wfdmt.
spmb, kfv ndrk rfdn-kfmfnf jvf, nh nmq siZvN smufu bf svsJ sjfb sjfb
nmq kfv ndrk ShL sJtf jvf, wvDvyyGf hf hAfqfmfdl jvf kAfdlW fmDv jkGhA.
diaq bhD dhdh zfsqwfv ndrk slZV iadkspfdokf jsv jhfv srsvdYstb W isv
zfv jhfsv dkdb duskdYstb. (zf}, mfmc} 150ix})
klbcvi Dsj sjfb ShL sJtf slJsk ncspfo slWqfW lCNBDq bq. (hc}, bf}, zfdp}
275ix}) ksh nh djYc rsh jf dbuGsb, ilGf-nDmfv dHksv.
D Hfstf Jfhfv SkvD jvst, nfusofu jvst hf sjfb Hfstf jfu jvst kfv
iawQnf jvsh fmD. mbdj Dv rlqsj tcse sbWqfv ubA ntfm dmKAf htfsjW
ShL jsvsY. (hc}, mc}, dnn} 545bQ) ksh sp dmKAf kfv zdLjfv rvB jsv W kfsj
sLfjf slq, sn dmKAf bq.
nfsh hfn jvsk yfst fmD Dv oxrfdt jsmGW nrfqkf jvsh. sk Dv mb
fmDv iadk waf W siasm zfsvf idviCBG rsq Esh. diaq bhD ; dpdb lcufrfsbv
hflwfr dkdbW nQnfsvv jfu jvskb. Dslv nrfqkf jvskb, zk}iv bfmfspv
nmq rst mnduslv dlsj vWbf rskb. (hc}, dk}, zfdp} 290ix}) dkdb zbAfbA
mfbcsNv mk jub mfbcN dYstb; rs jfiV idvjfv jvskb, lcL slfqfskb hQ
dbsuv dJlmk dbsu jvskb. (dnn} 670bQ, zfdp} 291ix})
fmD spmb Dsj nclvD slJsk iYl jsv skmdb DW fmDsj nclv W ncndk
slJsk Hfstfhfsn. ef rt mfbcsNv iajdx k. nckvfQ fmDvW dyk Dsj sJfw
jvfv ubA nfusofu jvf. pfsk kfvW buv zbA icvsNv (fmDv sjfb idvY
zfkDsqv) idk zfjx bf rq. hsb zffn (vf}) hstb, `zfdm zfmfv Dv ubA
nfunf jdv, spmb sn zfmfv ubA nfunf jsv.' zfv zffr kfzf'tf hstb,
bfvDslv skmdb bAfqnk zdLjfv zfsY, spmb kfslv iv zfsY icvNslv--.
(jc} 2/228)

htf hftA sp, zhsrtfv Ist h zfLcdbjf fmD kAfo jsv zKhf
zbAfnf rsq isV.
JtDIf mfv v dbje jde stfj jJcj W sttfsJif shsw idk rt.
ns dYt kfv D. fmDv dhvs zdHspfo jsv kfv dbje sKsj dhhfr dhsYl iafKGbf

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

83

jvt. lCvlwDG JtDIf nh djYc hcUsk ifvstb. dkdb kfv fmDsj idvYkf oarB
jvfv sswA ifdEsq dlstb. zk}iv sn kfv yct, bJ kAfdl sjse idvjfvidvY rsq dIsv st dkdb kfsj kfv Dv dbje spsk zfslw jvstb. D
ivicvN sHsh kfsj slsJ nsv pfdYt. iv[sB kfsj dybsk sisv kftfsjv
zfshlb iakAfrfv jsv dbt!
Oebfv iv JtDIf mfv htstb, `skfmvf skfmfslv Dv ubA nfunf
jv. zffrv jnm! skfmvf spmb skfmfslv DosBv nfunf iYl jv; zbcvi
kfvfW skfmfslv nfunf iYl jsv. (kczf} 103-104ix})
Dv ]sef JfWqf zsbj fmDv dbje ziYlbDq. dj wvDqsk kf Djxk. vnCt
ifb-ifsv dEj sn fsb mcJ svsJ ifdb ifb jvskb, sp fsb rpvk zfsqwf
(vf}) mcJ tfdosq iCshG ifb jvskb. sp rfV sKsj rpvk zfsqwf sofX YfdVsq
sJskb, sn rfV dbsq dEj sn ufqofsk mcJ svsJ zffrv bhD sofX YfdVsq
sJskb. (mc}, zf}, iaHxdk, zfdp} 277ix}) kfYfVf Dv vnbf W WfLv syfNsBv dkW
wvDqsk hkGmfb. (hc} 5080bQ, dnn} 623bQ)
mb siasmv iadkmfv ]sef hQ ycb kfvf sJsk yfqbf, pfvf jf siamrDb
bDvn icvN zKhf pfslv D zidvY W sbfQvf Kfsj kfvf zKhf pfslv dbje sjht
Stdj spZbnsHfo mCt kxd.
Dsj dhdH its[ (spmb l, jcvhfbD iaHxdksk) sYfeJfe irfv slWqfW
nfsh hfn jvfv ipGfqHc. skW Dv rlq dyvhlD rq fmDv rlq sust.
smfe jKf Dv ndrk hfn skf siadmjfv ndrk hfn. nhGskfHfsh kfsj sJfw vfJf
mfbcsNv iajxdkok Hfh. siadmjsj j slWqf sjfb mcndtm, sjfb mfbcsNv, hvQ
sjfb iwcvW jfu bq.
diaq bhD hstb, skfmfslv msLA m hAd sn, sp kfv Dv dbje m.
zfv zfdm dbu Dv dbje skfmfslv nshGfm hAd. (kf}, rf}, lf}, zfdp} 269ix})
nhfv sysq iCBG mfblfv hAd sn, pfv ydv nhfv sysq nclv hQ Wslv msLA
nhGfsi[f m hAd sn, sp kfv Dv dbje m.
nfhLfb! skfmvf bfvD (D)slv ubA mtjfmD rW. spsrkc kfvf skfmfslv rfsk
hdlbD. (dk}, mf}, zfdp} 270ix}) kfslv hAfifsv zffrsj Hq jv. spsrkc
kfslvsj skfmvf zffrv zDjfsv zDjfvh rsq hvB jsvY hQ zffrv
hfBDv mfLAsm kfslv tffb rftft jsv dbsqY. (mc})
zhwA Dv pKfKG mpGflf W zdLjfv ialfb jvfv bfm `zf]yt Lvf' hf `h
ifotfdm' bq.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

84

J- fmDv iv Dv zbAkm zdLjfv sp, dhil zfil sKsj fmD kfsj v[f
jvsh. Dsj v[f jvsk dosq pdl fmD wv rfsk mfvf isv, ksh sn wrDslv luGf
ifq. (dk}, zflf}, bf}, dm} 3529bQ)
zbcvi Dsj ufrffm sKsj v[f jvfW kfv j hV lfdqk. kfsj Db, zfjDlf,
idhkf, hflk, rfvfm, rftft, zdLjfv W hAhrfv iaHxdk dw[f dlsq n{jfu
jvsk zfslw W zn{jfsu hfLf dlsq zffrv zfpfh sKsj svrf slsh.
mrfb zffr hstb, sr mfblfvoB! skfmvf dbsuslvsj hQ dbu idvhfvsj
ufrffm sKsj hf]yfW; pfv b mfbcN W ifKv --. (jc} 66/6)
o- Dv LmG, slr, spZhb W mpGflfq NGfhfb rWqf hQ nsh sjfb iajfv jt
tfosk bf slWqf fmDv iv kfv j zdLjfv. nckvfQ D j m nQv[BDq W
drIfuskv dudbn. stfsjv mcsJ-mcsJ, ivicvNslv syfsJ-syfsJ W pchjslv msbmsb dhyvB jvsk bf slWqf; pfsj slJf slWqf kfv Dv is[ rfvfm kfsj nfLfvB
zbcmdk dlsq hfdV zfnsk-spsk bf slWqf ncicvsNv jmG.
zfv v bfm v[BwDtkf hf so]fVfmD bq. hvQ ef rt ncicvsNv vdywDtkf W
idhkf. bfvD-fLDbkfv bfsm pfvf hofrDbkf W bokfsj `iaodk' msb j'sv
zffr-Hslv `so]fVf' hst Kfsj, wvDqk kfslvsj `sH]Vf' hst zfJAfqb jsv.
zfv `sH]Vf' hf D-jbAfv hAfifsv NGfrDb icvN uffsk pfsh bf. (bf}, lf}, mfmc} 155ix})
dbsuv Yfmk Ov-WOv, ifVf-WifVf, mfsjGe sn mfsjGe spsk fmD kfv
Dsj hfLf slsh. sjfb iajfv sbfQvfmD, zwDtkf, ofb-hfubf, dnsbmf-dKsqefsv dbsu
pfsh bf, DsjW spsk slsh bf. sbfQvf sedtdHwb W dHdFW hfdVsk vfJsh bf.
svdFWsk ofb-hfubf wcbsk slsh bf. ipGf jfvB dhbf hQ zfsifsnv ycd W
nmdk YfVf yfv mfsnv zdLj D sYsV hfsv Kfjsh bf. spsrkc icvsNv spZbiahxd
spmb, dEj skmdb bfvDvW. icvsNv spmb bfvDslr nQnoGtfsH ivmkxd, zbcvi
bfvDW icvsNv nQnoG sisq yvm kxd isHfo jsv Kfsj. zkh siasm zbfdhtkf
hufq vfJsk bfvDsj drIfpk jvf icvsNv ubA Ivp hQ kf j ncvdyiCBG jmG.
ifdb hf wvhsk nfmfbA jef sifjf hf mfdY iVst kf ifb jvsk jfsvf vdy rq bf;
zfv dbu Dv snZlpG W siasm zisvv jfm hf jclxd, mshAv mcJ W jfmbfv mb
iVst kfsk dj jsv vdy rq ncicvsNv? nckvfQ sp icvsNv zbcvi ncvdy sb sn
jficvN Sh dj?
druvD 286 nsb `vf'v jfpDv dbje j mdrtf mcjffmf lfsqv jvt. kfv
zdHHfhsjv nfsK dmst fmDv dhvs sn kfv smfrvfbf hfhl 500 dlvrfm zflfq
bf slWqfv zdHspfo jvt. jfpD nf[D kth jvst nf[D idk jvf rt. dj
nfd[lfkfvf mdrtfdesj sybfv ubA kfv syrfvf slJfsk zbcsvfL ufbfstf. Jhv

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

85

fmDv jfsb sost jfpDv nfmsb htt, `zfdm Djfv jvdY sp, 500 dlvrfm zfmfv
Dv ifWbf. zfdm pKfnmsq kfsj kf zflfq jsv slh. nf[Dv lvjfv sb. W spb
syrfvf bf sJfst!'
Jhv Dv dbje sost snW zffr zk}iv jfpDsj nf[D svsJ htt, `zfdmW
zfmfv fmDv dbje sKsj iafiA smfrvfbfv lfhD iakAfrfv jsv dbdY hQ lcdbqf
W zfsJvfskv ubA Wsj [mf jsv dldY.'
wcLc ubA sp, ilGfv mfb W mCtA zfsY bfvDv jfsY, zfv fmDv zfsY pKfpK
NGf. kf syrfvf Jcst shzfhv jvsk njst bfvfu. ef skf ncvdyiCBG mcndtm
lidkv idvyq.
Dsj JfmfJf nslr jvfW fmDv dyk bq. ShL jsmG, dydj{nfv ubA hf zbAfbA
uvvD jfsuv ubA ilGfv nfsK spsk bf dlsq kfsj zoGth jsv vfJf rt
zdkvb W so]fVfmD. kfYfVf mb zhsvfL iaKfq ntfsmv sjfb nmKGb sb.
i[fsv Dsj nslr jvst lfikA uDhb dk rsq sE. jfvB lfikA ncsJv
ubA uvvD; fmD-Dv Hsqv zfmfbklfvD, drSkdNkf, nkAhfdlkf, zvkf,
zbfdht siam, dhhkf, bmakf, ncdmk hAhrfv W hfjAftfi, sj zisvv ocB
Djfv. zfv nslr nh djYcsj LQn jsv sIst. jfvB nslr mb dudbn pfv
nC[km dwjV jhfv msbv mfdesk nfdtk rsq sost kfsj pk[B ipG bf
sesb-dY]sV sItf rq, kk[B sn iaht iakfsi vfuk jvsk Kfsj hQ niaDdk W
ncsJv jKf Hfhsk slq bf.
nslsrv Itwadksk h rkHfof fmD kfslv Dslvsj Hfskv yft ipG
kftfh svsJ vffv nmq smsi vf]Lsk slq! htf hftA sp, jKfq jKfq hQ
jfsu jfsu Dsj nslr jvst sn fmDv nQnfv dbyq j iajfv ufrffm.
idvswsN, mrfb zffrv hfBD iaskAj fmDv msb vfJf dyk; dkdb hstb, sr
mcdmboB! dbyq skfmfslv D W nfb-ndkv msLA sj sj skfmfslv (ifdKGh W
ifvstZdjj dhNsqv) w. zkh kfslv hAfifsv skfmvf nkjG sKsjf. zhwA
(DbD dhNsq zbAfq sKsj kWhf jvst W ifdKGh dhNqj zbAfsq) skfmvf pdl
Wslvsj mfuGbf jv, Wslv slfN-de si[f jv hQ Wslvsj [mf jsv lfW
kfrst susb vfJ sp, zffr [mfwDt, ivm lqftc. (nCvf kfofhcb 14 zfqfk)

Dv iv fmDvW zbDjfpG zdLjfv vsqsY}-

iaKm zdLjfv rt ShL jsmG W zfslsw fmDv zfbcokA . fmD nQnfsvv lfdqkwDt
hAd. nQnfv W lfikA dhNsq kfv zfbcokA Dv ubA uvvD. spmb sjfb ctjstsuv iaLfb dw[j, zdIsnv mAfsbufv hf dFsvv iaHxdkv zfbcokA zbAfbA
njtsj jvsk rq.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

86

D nfLfvBk} fmDv sysq hqsn sYfe rq. mfkxtsq mf-hfsiv (ShL dhNsq) zfslw
spmb smsb ytsk sYst-smsq hfLA skmdb wwcvftsq fmDv zfslw W dbslGw smsb
ytfW Dv ijxdkok zfyvB. kfYfVf LsmGW vsqsY fmDv ubA zdkdv mpGflf.
zkh siam, niaDdk W wxJtkf hufq vfJsk hVsj sbkf mfbsk rq. iaskAj
sjfifbD W slAfso ifdKGh dbqm zbcnvBDq. zkh fmD-Dv s[s kf
bfvD-ivfLDbkf rsh sjb. ksh zbAfq W zShL dhNsq zhwA fmDv zfbcokA
zShL. jfvB pfslvsj zffr jkGxk dlsqsYb kfslvsj zShL W zbAfq jkGxk
slbdb. sj kfv jkGxk W ilsj zShLHfsh hAhrfv jvsk ifsv bf. kfYfVf jkGf
rWqfv zKG sjhtmf wfnb yftfsbf bq; hvQ lfdqkwDtkfv shfUf nccHfsh hrb
jvfW jkGfv mrfb jkGhA.
sp bfvD fmDv jf zbcokf W idkhakf sn bfvDv hV mpGflf vsqsY ntfsm. diaq
bhD hstb, vmBD kfv i]fy Wqfsv bfmfp iVst, vmpfsbv svfpf iftb jvst,
skv drIfpk jvst W fmDv kfshlfvD jvst uffskv sp sjfb lvuf dlsq
Yfmk iashw jvsk ifvsh. (kfh}, dr}, zf}, iaHxdk, dm} 3254bQ)
swaf vmBD sn, pfv iadk kfv fmD lxjifk jvst sn kfsj sJfw jsv slq, sjfb
zfslw jvst kf iftb jsv hQ kfv uDhb W nisl fmDv ziYlbDq
dhvfyvB jsv bf. (dnn} 1838bQ)
Dv dbje fmDv mpGflf dhvfe. mpGflfv jKf ntfm dbsu sOfNBf jsvsY. diaq
bhD hstb, Dv ubA fmD kfv uffk zKhf ufrffm.(zfwf},bf}, kfh}, rf}, iaHxdk, zfdp} 285ix})
pdl zfdm jfsj jfsvf ubA dnulf jvsk zfslw jvkfm, kfrst bfvDsj
zfslw jvkfm sn spb kfv fmDsj dnulf jsv. (dk}, dm} 3255bQ)
Dv jfsY fmDv mb zdLjfv zfsY sp, D pdl fmDv slsrv Of sy]seW Kfsj
khcW sn kfv pKfKG rj zflfq jvsk ifvsh bf. (rf}, dr}, zfwf}, n}uf} 3148 bQ)
mdrtf pdl dbu fmDv rj (pKfKGvsi) ufbskf, kfrst kfv lcicv zKhf vfskv
Jfhfv sJsq swN bf jvf ipG sn (kfv ifsw) l]fdVsq Kfjskf. (kfh, nuf} 5259bQ)
kf]v wiK pf]v rfsk mcrfmslv iafB zfsY! bfvD kfv iadkiftsjv rj kk[B
ipG zflfq jvsk ifsv bf, pk[B ipG bf sn kfv fmDv rj zflfq jsvsY.
nWqfvDv disE KfjstW pdl fmD kfv dmtb yfq ksh sn hfLf dlsk ifvsh bf.
(mf}, zf}, dr}, zfdp} 284ix})

lc hAdv bfmfp kfslv mfKf zdkm jsv bf (jhct rq bf) ; sn Dklfn sp

kfv iaHcv dbje sKsj itfqb jsvsY, sn kfv dbje dIsv bf zfnf ipG hQ sp D
kfv fmDv zhfLAfyvB jsvsY, sn kfv hfLA bf rWqf ipG (bfmfp jhct rq bf.)
(kfh, rf}, dnn} 288bQ)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

87

dkb hAdv bfmfp jhct rq bf, zfjfswv dlsj sE bf; mfKfv isv pfq bf;
mb mfm pfv mfmdk (zdLjfQw) stfsj ziYl jsv, dhbf zfslsw sp jfsvf
ufbfpf iVfq, hQ vfs nsmv sswA fmD Ffjst sp D kfsk znmk rq.
(dnn} 650bQ)

fmD pJb kfv Dsj dbu dhYfbfv dlsj (nm jvsk) zfrhfb jsv kJb pdl D
bf zfsn, zk}iv sn kfv iv vfofdhk zhfq vfd jfefq, ksh njft ipG
dIdvfhoG kfv iv zdHwfi jvsk Kfsjb. zbA j hBGbfq pk[B ipG bf
fmD kfv iadk n rsqsY, kk[B ipG dIdvf kfv iv zdHwfi jvsk
Kfsjb. (hc}, mc}, zflf}, zf}, iaHxdk, zfdp} 283ix})
fmDv zfbcokA Dv ubA zffr W klDq vnCstv zfbcokA. nckvfQ fmDsj n
jvst zffr n rb. htf hftA sp, zdLjfQw kftfj W dkDq dhhfsrv jfvB
rt fmDv zfrfsb Dv pKfnmsq nfVf bf slWqf. zdLjfv iftsb fmD-Dv
hb muhck W mLcv rsq osV sE, bsy{ bf.
2- fmDv mfb-mpGflf W yfdrlfv sJqft vfJf Dv ubA uvvD. fmD hfsv sKsj
sn spb ziaDdkjv djYc slJsk, wcbsk, w]cjsk hf zbcHh jvsk bf ifsv. icvN
hfsv jmGhAkfq ust-icsV hfdVsk sn pdl Dv dnkmcJ W slr-nQnfsvv
ifdvifeA bf sit, kfrst kfv zfv ncJ sjfKfq? nQnfsv kfv mk lcHGfof hAd zfv
sj sb, pfsj hfsv smrbsk ust sn hfdVsk Dv jfsYW utsk rq.
sn bfvD jk zflwG idkHf sp kfv fmDsj dmtb dlsq JcwD W n jvfv ubA
jfsvf mxkcAskW swfj iajfw jsv bf. zdk SLpG W nrbwDtkfv nfsK mbde jvf
zbcim idkHdv idvyq. iv vi jvfv iyfsk iaHCk jtAfsBv zfwf jvf
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nmq bhD v dbje jfefskb. j dlb nAfq dkdb kf]v dbje sostb. dlsj
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kftrfv dbje Jhv bf pfq. dkdb sYstdesj Osvv j sjfsB sTsj svsJ dlstb.
zk}iv fmD zfhc kftrf vnCt v dbje sKsj hfdV dIvst htstb, `zfmfv
shef sjmb zfsY?' vmfnf htstb, `pJb sKsj W iDdVk kJb sKsj sp j
ifdYt kfv sysq Jb Jch wf. zfv zfwf jdv sn zfvfm tfH jsvsY!'
zk}iv idkiafBf D fmD hQ k]fv ndrk zfnf zfsvf zbAfbA smrmfbslv ubA
vfsv Jfhfv siw jvstb. njst sJsq sE sot. zfhc kftrf sE dbsuv dhYfbfq
dosq wcsq iVstb. (Dv jKfq Hfhstb, sYst zfvfm sisq OcmfsY.) Wdlsj
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swN dlsj vmfnf fmDsj htstb, `sr zfhc kftrf! pdl sj jfsj sjfb dudbn
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`zhwA bf.' D htstb, `kfrst wcbcb, zffr zfpXpf zuf zfibfsj sp sYst
Lfv dlsqdYstb kf sIv{ dbsqsYb. zkh zfidb SLpG Lsv sbjDv zfwf jvb!'
jKfq fmD svso Estb; htstb, `k[B ipG djYc bf hst yci sKsj, k
djYc rWqfv iv kcdm zfmfsj zfmfv sYst mvfv Jhv dlY?!' zk}iv dkdb `f
dtfdr----' iVstb W zffrv iawQnf jvstb. kfviv zffrv vnCt v
dbje Oebf Jcst htst dkdb k]fsj htstb, skfmfslv Hsqv ok vfs zffr
hjGk lfb jvb. nckvfQ vfs vmfnf k]fv osHG zfhfv jde nfb LfvB
jsvb. (kfqfdtnD 2056, hf} 4/65-66, dr} 725bQ, zf} 3/105-106 iaHxdk. slJcb, zfrjfmct

ufbfsqp 24-26 ix})

3- fmDv Db W skv sJqft jvf Wqfsuh. shilGf, se]f-se]f sjfifbD rsq,

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icvsNv zbciddksk stfjy[cv zvfst dbsuslv k v[fjfdvBD. zffrv
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kfv zhkGmfsb sofisb zffrsj Hq bf j'sv jcecmhfdV, dhsqhfdV iaHxdk dosq
zKhf wwcvhfdVsk ilGfbwDb snsu hQ hfsiv hfdVsk shilGf rsq dbsuv mb W
sJqft-JcwDv kfshlfvD j'sv Kfjst sn bfvD dbyq hV sLfjfhfu. diaq bhD
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jsv slWqf nsW -kfv zbciddksk shilGfq hfsv pfq. (dnn} 542bQ)
swaf vmBD skf sn sp sjfb ivicvNsj dbsuv mcJ slJfq bf hQ shofbfv mcJ
dbsuW slsJ bf. fmD hfdVsk bf Kfjst ofb-hfubf wcsb bq; hvQ jcvzfb W DbD
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zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

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jfsY sisk Yf rq. spZb [cLf shsV sE. kfskf ntIoB hstb, `ofb rt
hAdHyfsvv m.' (kfmc} 162ix}) i[fsv zffrv dpjsv mcdmbslv dy iawf
rq. (jc} 13/28)
4- fmDv Shqfdj W nfmfduj uDhsbv iadkW dhswN sJqft vfJf Dv jkGhA.
nckvfQ kfv hAdok jfu-jfvhfv, iVfwcbf iaHxdksk dFefhG jvf hf hfLf slWqf
drkfjfdJbD Dv zHAfn rsk ifsv bf. fmDv dbje mb dhNq, h hf dhtfn-nfmoaD
D yfsh bf, pfv Ist sn hfLA rsq zShL zsKGfifuGsbv iK zhtb jsv sIst.
rfvfm ifuGb W zn{ hAhnfq smfse kfv nrfqkf jvsh bf. nfLD D skf sn; sp
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Hq jvshb, rfvfm ifuGb sKsj lCsv Kfjshb. jfvB, zfmvf bf sJsq [cLfq SLpG
Lvsk ifvh; dj ufrffsm SLpG Lvsk ifvh bf! (mfmc} 169ix}, dnmcnf} 50-51ix})
--idk pdl rq z sr nkD sh]sLfbf bqsb zfhvB,
z idksv zf]dJ slq spb skfmfv nkA zfyvB.
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kfv lfdqk. nhGjfu dbsuv rfsk jvf m. sk kfv fA Hfstf hQ slsr
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kf skf jub hflwfrv jbAf rsqW dkdb rs yfdj Ocdvsq zfef diNskb. kf]v
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hfdVv sjfb nlsnAv ndrk zShL iaBq osV Esk ifsv. kfslv hAhrfv, ydv,
dhhfn iaHxdk dwwcslv msb iaHfh dhfv jsv kAfdl. dhtfsnv zfdkwspA dbsuv

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

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YfncJ dmst bf.
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niflb zfib Hfdhqf bf jsv,
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zLmf sn bfvD nQnfv dHksv.
6- fmD kfv Dsj mb-iafB dlsq Hfstfshsn Kfsj. pKfnfLA m zfrfv-hnsbv
hAhf jsv Kfsj. khcW de fHfdhj. dj nfmfbA de slsJ nm ijfv,
irfv W iaDdk-Hfstfhfnfsj Hcst pfWqf bfvDv nrufk iajxdk. djYc dw[f hf
wfnsbv jKf htst msb jsv, fmD kfsj sjfbdlb Hfstfhfsn bf. fmDv zjxkkf
iajfw jsv kfv msb dblfvB hAKf dlsq Kfsj. de mb jde jmG pfv ubAW
smsqvf icvNslv sysq zdLj nQJAfq ufrffmhfdnbD rsh. (hc}, mc}, dm} 19 bQ)
diaq bhD hstb, zffr sn vmBDv dlsj kfdjsqW slsJb bf (slJshb bf) sp
kfv fmDv jxkkf Djfv jsv bf, zKy sn fmDv mcJfsid[bD. (bf}, dnn} 289bQ)
zfnst `smsq stfsjv mdb Hfh, rfufv dlstW pfq bf zHfh.'
7- D rq nQnfsvv vfbD. fmDv Lb-nil nhGnQnfv rq kfv vfuk hQ fmDv
zfmfbkW. kf kfv pKfKG drIfpk jvf hQ pKffsb ndEjHfsh kf hAq jvf Dv
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dlst, D sofisb wcLc kkecjc dbsk ifvsh pkecjc dbst kfv W kfv nfsbv
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dk}, mf}, iaHxdk, nkf} 926-930bQ)

8- fmDv dhbf zbcmdksk hfsv, mfsjGe, dhsqhfdV, mVfhfdV kAfdl bf pfWqf

idkHdv idvyq. mbdj mndusl (mfsmv iyfsk mdrtf ufmfzfsk) bfmfp
iVsk sostW fmDv zbcmdk yf. (zfdb} 1/275-276) ivfLDbkfq zfsY mcdv
ivm fl. mfkxsfV si[f jsv UV-hxd, wDk-oaDsm spmb dwwc dbsusj dhisl
sIst, kf-v sjft sYsV dFm spmb sOftf rsq pfq, dEj skmdb bfvDW fmDv
snr-nDmfsj QOb jsv dbsuv Db W lcdbqf b jsv.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

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kfW mfbcsNv vdyv hAfifv bq dj? kfrst Kfjt zfv dj? hb, wxJt W
nDmfhkf YfVf dj sjfb Sbdkjkf, sjfb wfd W ncJ zfsY?
i[fsv ntfmD Sbdkjkf W oD-nDmfv dHksv sKsjW bfvD jmG, yfjcvD W
ifuGb jvsk ifsv. spJfsb Dsbv sjfb hfLf sb, bfvDk W nkDskv sjfb zf]yV
sb, snJfsb fmDvW sjfb hfLf Kfjsk ifsv bf. mdrtf sjht mdrtf jmGs[s, dwwc
W mdrtf dw[fsb zdIn hf dw[jkfv jfu, hfdVsk hsn dwwc W mdrtf sifNfsjv
lduGjfu zKhf sjfb rfskv dwijfu hf mAfjfdbsjt jfu dldhA jvsk ifsv; pfsk
ivicvsNv nfsK sjfb nQnh sb. zbAKf iv icvsNv ifwfifdw jmGs[s
zhfLHfsh dmstdmsw jmG jvf bfvD fLDbkf bq, hvQ bfvDv rDbkf hQ fmDv
lDbkf. (Im} 103ix}, kfmc} 131-133ix} )
zhwA pfvf fmDv ivm ncJ W Hfstfhfnf sisq LbA rsqsY kfvf sjfb dlb njt
yfjcvD mvDdyjfv iyfsk Ycse bf. spJfsb utm ialwGb jsv bfvDsj icvNslv
jmGs[s zfjNGB jsv sb kfvf bfvDsj utJfhfv hfdbsq Kfsj. Osvv W hfsvv
Hq jfu Hqsj jvsk rst ncJ sjfKfq? zhfq nfb-ndkv tftb
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dhNq hQ zfmfslv fsbv swN nDmf (mCt t[A) jsv dlW bf. (dk} 3497bQ)
9- fmDv zbcmdk bf rst kfv iddksk D bIt svfpf vfJsk ifsv bf. spsrkc
kfv nfQnfdvj jsmG hf spZb-ncsJ hfLf iVst zffr sn svfpfq vfpD bb. (hc}, mc}, nkf}
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hlst ifesjt Y]cVst zfocsb siet iVsh. sp snfrfo jsv, kfv wfnb jvfv
zdLjfv zfsY. zfv wfnb D OfV sisk smsb dbsk hfLA rsh. Hct rst [mf
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zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

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jsvdY, zk ifdvbf' kAfdl hst zbmbDqkf iajfw nkD bfvDv LmG bq. nckvfQ
fmDv vfsov zfocbsj zrQjfv W skAv siet fvf bq hvQ dhbsqv ifdb fvf
dbhGfdik jvf dyk.
diaq bhD hstb, skfmfslv DvfW uffkD rsh; sp D zdLj iaBdqBD,
nfblfD, hfv-hfv Hct jsv hfv-hfv fmDv dbje zfknmiGBjfdvBD, pfv fmD vfo
jvst sn kfv dbje sn kfv rfsk rfk svsJ hst, zfidb vfdu (Eff) bf rWqf
ipG zfdm Ocmfh bf. (dnn} 287 bQ)
bfvD rsq jub icvsNv mb uq jvsk bf ifvf hV zfyspGv hAfifv! kcIfsb
rft Lvsk bfsv snhf sjmb sbsq, zfv mvslv mb spfofsk bfsv sn hf sjmb
smsq?!
sJqft vfJfv dhNq sp, fmD-Dv mfsU dhsYl Oefsk wqkfb hV k{iv. nmcsv
iv dbu dnQrfnb sisk mfbcNsj dhf jvsk kfv `siwft sIfnG' ifdEsq slq.
nhsysq sp hV dI{bf nxd jvsk ifsv sn rq kfv zdLj SbjeAiaf. sj dj
jsvsY kfv drnfh sbq htDn. iskAsj sn hst, `zfdm zmcj jsvdY, zfdm zmcj
jsvdY. (ycdv, hAdHyfv, rkAf iaHxdk nQOeb jsvdY). dj htDn hst, `djYc
jvdb kcdm!' zk}iv pJb jub hst `zfdm fmD-Dv mfsU vfofvfdo nxd jsv
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hst, `r]Af, kcdm jfsuv hAfef jfu jsvY!' (mc} 2813bQ) nckvfQ vfsov nmq
wqkfbsj nrfqkf W sJfw jvf zhwA sjfb mcndtm lidkv jfu bq.
11- idkiafBf bfvDv nlf dyf fmDv msbfncJ, kfv ivm zfbl W JcwD. spsrkc
kfv zfbsl Dv ivmfbl. fmDv zfbl bf rst dbsuv zfbl jibf jvsk
ifsv bf D. hfsv sKsj svfsl-ovsm st k}ICkGHfsh kfv nfmsb ifdb siw
jvf, rfWqf jsv slWqf kAfdl nkDv LmG. kfYfVf fmD nftfm dlsq pJb hfdV iashw
jsv, kJb v dlsq rfdnmfJf WfLsvv iwG irfv pdl Hsq dhdbmq jsv, ksh
v mk lfikA ncJ zfv zfsY sjfKfq?
nQnfv ncsJv rq vmBDv sB
vmBD nclv rq nkDk v[sB.
mdbsk D fmDv ubA rsq Kfjsh Ice softfi. idvjfv-idvYkfq,
znf hQ shwHCNfq fmDv y[cwDkt jvsh. snZlpG W snZvsH Hvf softfsiv
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bfvD-mcdv zfslftsbv iasqfub sb.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

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htf hftA sp, sp fmD kfv Dv iaofP Hfstfhfnf ifq, dhisl nfbf, js
snhfpk, spZhsb ivm dmtb ifq, vfo-zbcvfo hf zdHmfb jvst pfsj kfv D
mfdbsq sbq mb fmDv mk snZHfoAhfb fmD zfv sj rsk ifsv? dikf-mfkfv lczf
W Dv siasm skf vsqsY fmDv iajxk siZvN. mb bfvD bf rst icvsNv uDhb hxKf.
siasmv iadkmf snsrv nfov
jvBf-dbUGv lqfv blD,
rk mvmq nh yvfyv
uosk bfvD bf Kfdjk pdl.
fmDsj n W vfuD jvhfv ubA ntfm j iajfv dmKAf htfsjW Dv ubA ShL
jsvsY. Dv msb pkecjc idvmfB fmDv Hfstfhfnf hkGmfb, fmDsj zdLj JcwD jvfv
ubA kfv docB Hfstfhfnf mcsJ iajfw jvf, hvQ fmDv sjfb jcHfshv jfvsB
Hfstfhfnfq zfdhtkf stW kf sofib jsv fmDsj pdl kfv iafBTftf Hfstfhfnfv
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znkAkf iamfB bf jsv.
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sn dmKAf iamfdBk rst nfmfbA siasmvW dwwmrtecjc sHsM ycvmfv rsq pfsh.
12- fmDv nQnfsv kfv dikfmfkf W shfbslv ndrk nAhrfv jvf Dv zbAkm
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jvf jf dyk. dhswN jsv fmDv nfmsb nfsbv iv vfo bf UfVf, ofdtml,

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

94

hczf W mfvLv bf jvf Dv zflshv idvyq. kfYfVf hczf jvf rfvfm. zfv kf
jhct rst dbsuv sYstv [dk. (zflf}, mfmc} 176ix})
Dv dyk, nfb-ndksj idhkf, idvYkf, nydvkf, hDvk, nQpmwDtkf,
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mfsqv rfsk oVsh mfbcN mf pdl sn nkA rq
mf- skf ufrfsb iajxk dhhdhlAftq.
mf- skf ivmf, nmf. mfsqv ilkst uffskv zfwf jvf pfq. mf
kfv nfbsj mb mfbcN jsv kctsh; pfsk kfvf h]fysh ntfm dbsq W ntfsmv
ubA hQ mvsh skf kfv isK. pfslv mfLAsm nmfsu nfdLk rsh iaHCk jtAfB. vf
rsh kfvf, pfslvsj dbsq vnCt djqfmsk ohG jvshb.

fmD-Dv spZK zdLjfv}-

1- hAhrfdvj zdLjfv}iviv ivivsj [mfv busv slJsh. Hct rWqf mfbcsNv nrufk iajxdk. mfbcN
sp jfu jsv sn jfsu dbsusj zsbj nmq f vsi ifq. dj kJb dbsusj skf
wfd slWqf pfq bf. hVsufv zfs[i jvf pfq. nckvfQ fmD-D pdl Hsqv lc mb
hQ lc zLGf dmst j slsrv mk dbsuslvsj msb jvsk ifsv ksh `pk Hct
rsh Ict Hfstfhfnfsk.'
zbcvi sj zivsj JcwD jvsh, zffrv zfbcoskAv islw slsh, nQnfsvv
spZK lfdqk iftb jvsh, sj jfsj jfsvf nfmsb tdk jvsh bf, jfsvf vrnA W
oc de ijfw jvsh bf. sj jfsvf oc slfsNv jKf dbsuv zfkDqslv dbje I]fn
jvsh bf.
2- ShNdqj zdLjfv}sk fmDv dikf Dv ubA hQ Dv mfkf fmDv ubA zfib dikf-mfkfv bAfq
rsq pfq. v Ist zfsifsn dhhfr rfvfm rq. fmD-D sj zisvv Wqfsvn rq.
nhGswN W iaLfb zdLjfv rt Hsqv Yf W JcwDmk sj zisvv slr hAhrfv W
(ShLHfsh) dyv spZbkxd zfflb.
icvsNv HfsoA nfLfvBk} dkb iajfv D sufse}1- jfsvf HfsoA sufse iaHc! Ist sn Dv dbje SB rq. dbrfk dhdhv softfm
rsq kfv zf]yt Lsv nQnfv jsv. dhdh spmb hst dEj skmdb yst. lfdVsj `dY}'
jvst yeX j'sv oft skt ifvf jsv. dnsbmfq pfWqfv hfqbf Lvst wkJcwD rsq Dv
iyfsk iyfsk yst. Db dwJsk, dtJfiVf jvsk hfLf dlst kf mfsb. mf-hfisj

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

95

slJsk mfbf jvst kf swfsb. Osv Kfsj sn, zfv hfufv jsv dhdh. mfY Lsv sn,
Hfo jsv dhdh! zffrv zhfLAfyvB jsvW dhdhv hfLA sKsj ncJfbcHh jsv. sjfb
dhNsq Dsj wfnb jvfv jKf jibf jvf pfq bf, se sn fmDsj lvmk
wfdnsq Kfsj; mb smsq sjfdjthLC rq, mbdj dbsuvW pk sbq bf sn.
mb D fmDsj pf hst fmD kf Lh nkA hst smsb kfsj dIdvfv mk dhhfn
jsv hQ pfv dhvs hst kfsj ifjf lcwmb msb jsv. fmDv nc dhshjsj
sjhfsv rum jsv sIst. sjfb Hct rst jKfq hQ jJbW Sldrj zfOfkW dlsq
Kfsj fmDsj! zKy mb sofshyfvD mcndtm rst sn j slsJ kfv shsrD D
(v)oB Dsj zdHwfi dlsq htsk Kfsj `Wsj j dlnX bf, zffr skfsj LQn
jvj! W skf skfv dbje j'dlbjfv smrmfbmf. zlCv HdhNAsk skfsj sYsV W
zfmfslv jfsY sn pfsh. (dk}, mf, iaHxdk,zfdp 284ix})
mb nQnfsv wfd sjfKfq? jKfq hst, `vfufv slfsN vfuA b iauf j ifq, zfv
bfvDv slfsN nQnfv b wfd yst pfq.'
2- jfsvf HfsoA D rq dbrfk yvsBv lfnD. Icehstv mk sp dlsj tfdK Jfq sn
dlsj odVsq pfq. jk dbpGfkb nrA jsv lfnDv mk. fmD YfVf fmDv mf-shfbW
kfsj j dlsq Kfsj. `skfmfv ubA lfnD zfbsk yttfm mf' jKfsj hfhfqb jsv
fmD. nmsq sJsk ifq bf jfsuv yfsi, nclv ivsk ifq bf jKfv syfse. zKy Dv
iv jkxGk KfjstW zShL jkxGk sb. v ubAW uhfhdldr jvsk rsh fmDsj.
3- kxkDq iajfv D fmDv ubA zsi[fjxk hsqfjdb hc. mb Dv dbje fmD
waf W nmDr ifq, Hd W Hfstfhfnf ifq, ivfmwG W nlcislw ifq. rt sn
zflwG D, pfv ubA rflDn wvDsI htf rsqsY uoskv nhsysq swa nil. (nuf}
3413bQ)

diaq bhD hstb, icvsNv ubA ncJ W snZHfsoAv dhNq rt yfvde; nfLD bfvD,
iaw hfdV, n{ iadkshwD hQ nyt nWqfvD (ofdV). zfv lcJ W lcHGfsoAv dhNqW
yfvde; zn{ idkshwD, znkD D, zyt nWqfvD (ofdV) hQ nQjDBG hfdV. (dnn} 282bQ)
snZHfsoAv D sn; pfsj slsJ fmD mc rq. nQnfv sYsV hfsv sost D W kfv
nislv hAfifsv dbdy Kfsj. zfv lcHGfofv D rt sn; pfsj slsJ fmDv mb dk
rq, sp fmDv iv duH tf jsv (tfbkfb jsv) hQ nQnfv sYsV hfsv sost
D W kfv nislv hAfifsv sn dbdy rsk ifsv bf. ( 1047bQ)
ndkA skf `YAf]lf Ode syfvf of, syfv iVwD, LCkG Hf. mCJG sYst, D b, jqde
hV j.'
ipcf Dv hAhrfv njt zdLjfsvv sLG. lfhDv hfsv zdkdv kfv lfb. fmDv
ubA kAfo Djfv jvsk kfv sjfb dLf sb. kfv msb-iafsB wcLc LfvBf Kfsj}-

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

96

isvv jfvsB fKG dlqf hdt

uDhb mb njdt lfW,
kfv mk ncJ sjfKfW dj zfsY?
zfibfv jKf Hcdtqf pfW.
skf idkhakf nkD. `idk snhfq Kfsj mdk, ksh kfsj hdt nkD.' fmDv
dJlmk rq kfv hak. mb D rq hV SLpGwDtf. sp rfst fmDv nfsK Kfsj sn
rfst zffrv wcjXv W iawQnf jsv. fmD ncwD bf rstW dbu Hfo W HfoA dbsq
n rq. SLspGv It hV dmEf. SLpG W nhv j zmCtA nil. pfvf LbD bf rstW
LbDv mk uDhb-pfib jvf pfq. nhv W wcjXsvv Ist Hq uosk vktfH rq.
nhv 3 iajfv; zffrv Ivpjxk jmGnmCsrv iv nhv W SLpGLfvB; kf b bf
jvf. k]fv dbdN rfvfsmv iv SLpGfhtb; kfsk dt bf rWqf. zfv k]fv dtdJk
kjlDsvv iv SLpGLfvB; kfsk n Kfjf hQ kfv iv [c bf rWqf. pfv msLA
dkb iajfv nhv dhlAmfb sn IjDv rstW vfuf. ovDhD rft rstW nhv W
wcjXsvv hst kfv mb Kfsj nht.
Dv msb sjfb zdHspfo sb. jfvB, spmb fmD, spmb wwcv-wfwcVD W spmb
wwcvhfdV sn sisqsY kf kfv HfsoAv dudbn.
kXhD hstb, jlf hnvfv j vffq iK ytdYtfm. idKmsLA slJtfm, j
ziChGf nclvD jub jcwaD hxsv nfsK irfn W rfnfrfdnv nfsK jKf htsk htsk
iK ytsY. zfdm pchkDv dbjehkDG sn dufnf jvtfm, ` stfjde skfmfv sj?'
htt, `zfmfv fmD.' zfdm zhfj rsq kfsj httfm, `skfmfv k nclv vi-spZhb
Kfjf nsW jcwaD hxsj dbsq dj jsv nQnfv jv?! ef nkA zfypGubj
hAfifv!!'
dj mdrtfde zfmfsj v jvt, `kfsk dj zfsY? nHhk} db zfmfv mk
nclvD sisq zffrv wcjXv zflfq jvsYb. zfv zfdm bfv mk jcwaD sisqW nhv
jsv zfdY. zfv wcjXvjfvD hQ nhvjfvD Hsq uffkhfnD rsh! zffr zfmfv
HfsoA pf ucdesqsYb kf sisq n rWqf dyk bq dj?!'
uhfsh zfdm rkhfj rtfm. zk}iv djYc bf hst iafb jvtfm.
mb uhfh ndkA j mc'dmbf bfvDv. i[fsv jfsvf Dsj zbcvi iastfHb,
jcmBf W IcnXmv dlsq kfv nQnfv b jvf zhwA sjfb mfbcsNv jfu bq; kfv
iyfsk Kfsj wqkfb. iv diaq bhD hstb, sp hAd jfsvf D zKhf
Dklfnsj kfv (fmD hf iaHcv dhvs) iasvfdyk jsv sn zfmfslv ltHc bq.
(zflf}, bf}, kczf} 146-147ix})

zhwA sp lidk kjlDsv iCBG mfb vfsJ kfvf sjfb dlb dhydtk rq bf.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

97

mb lidk mc'dmb lidk. mb ydvhfB zflwG lidkv t[B; tfwDt rq,

zivsj sjfb iajfv hAKf slq bf. wfd W wxJtkfjfmD rq. isvfijfvD W
drkfjfJD rq. nkAhflD, dmkHfND, dmHfND, SLpGwDt, jxk, zsi kc, nrbwDt,
zDjfv iftbjfvD, zfmfbklfv, nQpmD, duskdlaq, Hla, dwfyfvD, dhbqD,
dnkmcsJf rq.
jfsj tfbkfb hf zdHwfi jsv bf, wDkt smufuD rq. jfsj oftfofdt jsv
bf, jfsvf ycotD, tfofb-Hfufb, jfsvf oDhk, ivyyGf, ivdblf jsv bf. zLDv rq
bf. drQncse, hJDt, ivwaDjfkv rq bf. sp zffrv ubA nh djYcsj iYl jsv W
Hfstfhfsn, kf]v ubA njt djYcsj OxBf jsv W ml hfsn. kf]v ntfsHv
sswA n W vfofdhk rq.
mfv dhb Jffh hstb, `bfvD dkb iajfv; iaKm iajfv bfvD; pfvf rq nvtmkD,
nkD hQ zfknmiGBjfdvBD, zsKGv hAfifsv fmDsj nfrfpA jsv, fmDv zsKGv
ziyq Oesk slq bf. dkDq iajfv bfvD nfsbv zfLfv. zfv kxkDq iajfv bfvD rt
nQjDBG shdV; zffr sp hflfv ubA Yf kfv olGfsb kf tedjsq slb.' (zft jlct
IfvDl 6/112)

Lvsbv Dvf rt fmDv otfv ofh. vf sjht `rfm jsv Jfq zfv Lcm jsv
swfq.' slv bf zfsJvfskv dyf Kfsj, zfv bf- lcdbqfv sjfb dyf!
j iajfv D zfsY; pfvf fmDv zfslw-iftsb odVmdn, jc]sVdm W oqQoY jsv.
hvQ kfv sn jcm kf'mDt bf jvsk hfrfbf sJ]fsu. jJsbf hf bfj dn]esj si[fW
jsv hsn. dkDq iajfv D; pfvf zfslw swfbfmf dbsmsN iftb jsv. sjfb iajfsvv
Wuv siw hf odVmdn jsv bf, kfvf jcsm rfduv rq. dj zfv j iajfv fmDiafBf D zfsY; pfvf jcsmv zfwf jsv bf. jcsmv iCshG fmDv iasqfub zbcmfb jsv
iCBG jsv vfsJ.
zbcvi fmDW dkb iajfv. swsNfsv lidkv sp oDGq ncJ uosk isHfo rq
kf jibfkDk!

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

98

Ov-nQnfv
bhhLC pJb nQnfsv zfsn kJb sn sjhfsv zidvdykf zbdHf Kfsj. nfQnfdvj
jfsu Kkmk JfWqf kfv fHfdhj. sjfb jfu dEjHfsh bf ifvfef iajxdk. jfvB
njst mfsqv hfdV sKsj ifjf doD rsq wwcvftq zfnsk ifsv bf, kfYfVf dwd[kf
rst skf smfse bf. jfvB, kfv zdLjfQw nmq dw[ftfsH hAq rsq Kfsj. kf
wfwcVD-bbslv dyk, kf smsb dbsq bhhLCsj snsrv nfsK jfu dw[f slWqf, nQnfv
hcdUsq slWqf. j]fsL su]fqft dlst sp nh ov ofdV efbsh kf bq. zkh bhhLCv
idk sjfb ijfv H{Gnbf, jef[ W hAsfd hAhrfv jvf hQ dbsq kfv nfmsb
kfv mf-hfisj obf slWqf mfbdhj JfdksvW dyk W ShL bq.
kfYfVf bhhLC hfdVsk st kfsj dbsuv smsq hst msb jvf wwcv-wfwcVDv
jkGhA. `shef lfnD sbsY' msb jvf rDb stfsjslv idvyq. iv nmq kfv
jmG[mkf, jmGieckf W jmGdbicBkf slJfv nmq bq. iaKmk} slJfv nmq W dhNq
rt shef-h v siam, kfslv msbv dmt. rlsqv zflfb-ialfsbv ncspfo dlsq
kfslv msLA iaofP Hfstfhfnf st ksh zbA djYc dhyfpG. bsy{ Ov Tcjsk yfst
mfKf tfost bhhLC Hfhk} OfhsV pfsh. zfv v ubA lfqD rsh hfdVv jDG.
iaDdkrDb nQnfsv hLCdbpGfkb yst. spJfsb fmD kfv siZvN sJsq hsn. sj Hfstf
bf hfnstW pdl fmD sjht Hfstfhfsn, kfrstW sjfb iajfv syfJ hcsu nrA jsv
ncdlsbv zfwf jvf pfq. dj kfv jfsYW dbvfw rst Dv zfv sjfbX iK sJftf
Kfsj? njt iK h slsJ zhswsN ifi W zfkrkAfv iK shsY dbsk hfLA rq.
wwcv-wfwcVDv dJlmk hLC nfLAmk jvsh. dj nmq W idvddk bf hcsU
dJlmskv (ofsq skt, ifsq skt sbWqfv) zfjf[f W kf jf zdLjfv msb jsv
Kfjst jtsrv fv mc rsq zfsn.
fmDv rlsq Dv zfnb ixKj. dikf-mfkfv zfnb dH. njtsj - zdLjfv
ialfb jvsk icvNsj siZvsNv hV jsEfv ivD[fv nmcJDb rsk rq. Dv jKf dbsq
spmb mf-hfsiv iv JfmfJf Jff rWqf ShL bq, skmdb mf-hfsiv jKf wcsb Dv
iv bfrj zkAfyfv ShL bq. Hq nsev OCBGfhskG icvNsj dbsuv dhshj
hQ wvDqskv nfrfpA dbsk rq. sofisb Dsj nfbf dlsq mf-hfsiv (slfN rstW)
kfslv hfrAk} hfLA rsq Kfjf swaq}. ksh jf nDmfrDb idvddksk wvDqk v
Ifqnftf dlsk ifsv. mf-hfsiv jKfmk ytf Ivp rstW, bfrj hf zShL dbslGwmk
ytf rfvfm. zjfvsB Dsj kftfj dlsk htst kfslv jKf smsb kftfj slWqf mfhfsiv dJlmk W zfbcoskAv ipGfqHc bq. (Imfmc} 2/756)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

99

jkj mf-hfi zfsY pfvf kfslv sYst kfv Dsj Hfstfhfncj -kf yfq bf. i[fsv
Hfstfhfnf zfhfv dbsuslv smsqv ubA kfslv ufmfsqv dbje sKsj zfwf jsv.
zkh dhbf slfsN dbYj drQnfq `slJsk tfdv ytb hf]jf' hst Dsj kftfj dlsk
htst sYstv sn jcm mfbf ShL bq. Hqsj vfuD W wf jvf kfv jkGhA.
j hAd mfm zfrmslv dbje sn htt, `zfmfv hfi zfmfsj zfmfv D
kftfj dlsk zfslw jvsY, zfdm dj jvh?' dkdb htstb, `kftfj dlW bf.'
stfjde htt, `rpvk mfv k]fv sYst hsb mfvsj k]fv D kftfj dlsk htst
zffrv vnCt k]fsj (hsb mfvsj) kftfj dlsk zfslw jsvbdb dj?' mfm
zfrml htstb, `skfmfv hfiW dj mfsvv mk?' jfvB, mfv (vf}) jfsvf iadk
pctcm jvshb -kf jibfv hfsv. rqskf dkdb smsqdev hAfifsv mb djYc
ufbskb pfv jfvsB kftfj slWqf uvvD dYt. kf bhD hsb mfvsj k]fv
dikfv jKf zbcnfsv kftfj dlsk zfslw jsvdYstb. nckvfQ Dv Hfh ml rst
zhwA mf-hfsiv jKfq kftfj dlsk rsh. (Imfmc} 2/755-756) zbcvi htf pfq
rpvk hvfrDm (zf})v kf]v ic nmftsj lvufv syZjfE hltfsk zfslw
jvfv hAfifsvW.
ncicvN nQnfsv dhshj dbsq yst. zkh `shfb Hfk ifqbf, zfv wftDv ifsk
smff' slWqf kfv dyk bq. i[fsv Dv lcbGfm vest kfsk sjfb dhyfv-dhshybf
bf jsv kfv W kfv zfkDqv iadk Jff rWqfW dyk bq. nm nfmnA hufq
svsJ kfsj nQnfv-kvD zfso shsq dbsq spsk rq. dhswN jsv `h Hfst nvf,
rsh ifVf ifVf, zfv doD Hfst bflf, W djYc bq lflf' jKfv sJqft svsJ mb
ifq zhtb jvsh; pfsk `nfiW msv hQ tfdEW bf Hfs.' dj rfq! spJfsb
dhshj dhshsjv jlv jsv bf, snJfsb zfv dj zfwf jvf pfsh?
hfdVv jKf hfsv sost dhid zdLj shsV pfq. drQncse wf]jycDslv ivfmswG hf
jfb-HfMfdbsk wfwcVDv mb dhN rsq sE. shilGf idvshsw mb idvddk
zdLjkv nxd rsq Kfsj.
dhdH ibAfn W vijKfv siamjfdrbDsk sp jfidbj siam W Hfstfhfnfv hBGbf
ifWqf pfq fmD-D hf wwcv-wfwcVD ivisvv dbje sKsj snvi zfwf jvst
zhwA mb zfOfk ifsh; pf mrfHct. jfvB, jfidbj siam sjht jibf W
sJqfstv uosk mfbcsNv mfbnise dhyvB jsv. hfhuosk kfv sjfb zdk W
lfrvB sb, zfv KfjstW kf dhvt.
i[fsv nQnfsv jtr rq zHfsh bsy{ Hfsh. lvuf dlsq nQnfsv zHfh iashw
jvst ufbftf dlsq siam-iaDdk-snr-mmkf nh tcdjsq itfqb jsv. zKG Kfjst hc
zsbj rq, iaDdkv iv iaDdkv oDdk jfsb Uftf Lvfq. dj zHfh slJf dlst

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

100

nhf zfib vff Lsv. mf-hfi, Hf-hc mb dj swsN DW `YfVh-YfVh' rq.

mb bf rst HfhsB sj zisvv idk slfNfsvfi jsv jtr hfdLsq Kfsj.
zfdV ifkf smsqslv j nrufk jc-zHAfn. sk kfslv sj jfsvf Jfdkv jsv
bf. iasqfubmk wfnb hf snfrfo bf sist vf mfKfq sE dosq nhGbfw zfsb.
nmnAfv nmfLfbW icvN dbsuv siZvN fvf jvsk ifsv. dj sp wfnbfLDbf bq
kfsj mfKf sKsj bfmfsh sj? zffrv Hq bf Kfjst nQnfsv wfdv dhr fqD bDV
h]fLsh djHfsh? kfYfVf jKfsk zfsY `iDv mfsb bf o]fsq, iDv mfsb bf mfsq. iDv
mfsb bf ovsk, iDv mfsb bf uvsk.' nckvfQ ovv mk dhshsjv mfKf JfWqf YfVf
nmfbfsrGv nfsK zimfsbv zfyvB jvf nru bq.
Hfstfhfnf mb j h pf ufk-ifk mfsb bf, wkf mfsb bf. siadmjfv dikf
sOfv w rstW siadmj kfsj huGb jvsk ifsv bf. iafsBv hlstW kfsj fv jsv
zfsb. kf skf wwcvhfdVv jfsvf ndrk jtr jsv zKhf wAftj kKf Hdoidk
zKhf kfv hfdVv stfj shfbsj uftfq hst dbsuslv Dv iv pfvf iadkswfLmCtj
dbpGfksbv vtfv yftfq kfvf dbyq bDvn iafsBv siamrDb fmD; pfvf siasmv mmG W
mCtA nisjG sjhfsv z zKhf lfnDb.
sysb kfrf siam, ufsb wcLc iafBsjfKf rsk zfsn k zjfvsB iafsB-iafsB shlbfv efb.
kfYfVf dhshjrDbkfv iadkswfsL dhshjrDbkf bq hvQ dhshj hAhrfv jvst
nfItA tfH rq.
fmD Hfstf rst hQ wwcv-wfwcVD Hfstf bf rstW fmD-ncsJv ubA SLspGv nfsK
mdrtfv nQnfv jvf dyk. jfvB, `fmD-ncsJ hbhfn.' fmDv ncJ Kfjst hsbW hfn
jvsk nkDv dLf sb. bsy{ fmD lfnDb rst kfv D dhLhfv mk uDhb-pfib
jsv.
idvswsN jde jKf nQnfsvv njtsj sJqfst vfJf dyk sp,
`zfsY mb iChGfiv
njt Osv jKfv,
kfsk dj sj rq sof iv?
dbdkA djdkA dbdkA stEf
oxrLsmGv LmG snef,
Hfstfml rq jKfefkf wcbst dj yst Ov?'

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

101

Ov ufmf
ic sifNfv mk ufmf sifNfv svWqfuW jf dbvifq hf wsJv s[s sjfb
sjfb stfsj smsb Kfsj. zfv nfLfvBk} sjfb dbvifq zKhf zflvstfHD pchj
Ov-ufmf dosq Kfsj. zhwA ntfsmv bDdk rt, fmD kfv D dbsuv jfsY vfJsh.
zKGf{ Dv HvB-sifNB W hfnfsbv lfdqk fmDv iv. (jc} 65/6) v dhivDk
rst nfLfvBk} ItW dhivDk rq. zKGf{ DblfvD bf Kfjst zKhf jm Kfjst D
fmD snsu hsn. kfYfVf jub ovDh stfj pdl LbDv smsq dhsq jsv hQ kfv
hfnfb W HvB-sifNsB fmD zbcoxrDk rq, kfrst sn D ifq bf hvQ ifq jub
wfnj. zfv kJb sn ufmfsqv znmfb, zbflv W zwfdv jKf nDmf zdkm
jsv pfq. nmfsu Ov-ufmf ians sp njt iahfl iaydtk zfsY kf jKfv
hfhkf imfB jsv.
spmb htf rq, `Ov-ufmfsqv mfb bf.' `Ov-ufmfvf hl rq.' `Ov-ufmf
Vbys rq. jfvB, Lb-mft kfv dbsuv jfmf bq skf.'
`zfrmj bv Yq,
sp isvv hfdV Ov ufmf vq.'
`jfstf hfmb, jef wcla, sh]se mcntmfb,
Ov-ufmf sifNAic i]fyubf nmfb!'
`Ov ufmfsqv sifVfv mcJ,
mvf-h]fyf nmfb ncJ!'
`hfsvv ufmf bcvt zftm, Osvv ufmf bcsvf,
Hfk sJsq bfW bcvt zftm, Hfk sJsnsv bcsvf!'
`vsqv mcsVf jf mcsVf lfW zfmfv ifsk,
zfsVv mcsVf Oxk mcsVf lfW ufmfsqv ifsk!'
`pf dYt zfmfbD-iff mfsq-dUsq sJbc,
Ov-ufmf wfmcv ksv Lfb wcjfsk dlbc!'
nckvfQ mb nQnfsv sp ncJ sb kf htf hftA.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

102

msbfmfdtbA
nQnfv nfosv lc}J-kvsv sJtf,
zfwf kfv jmf sHtf.
dj sn sHtf Fcsh sost zfv jfv dj nfLA? fmD pdl Dsj bf yfq. kfv sjfb
dev jfvsB kfsj si[f jsv ksh D yfstW dj jvsk ifsv? mrfb zffr kfv
nmfLfb dlsqsYb}D pdl kfv fmDv lchGAhrfv W si[fv zfwf jsv ksh kfvf zfsifn-dbid
jvsk yfst kfslv sjfb slfN sb. hk} zfsifn jvf zdk m. (jc} 4/128) D
dbsuv djYc zdLjfv dhnuGb dlsq ndv mfLAsm fmDv nQnoG oarB jvf jmf iK.
dj D fmDsj si[f jvsk yfst hQ fmD kfsj iafB dlsq yfst kfv
nmfLfb dj? Dv si[f pdl nQok jfvsB rq; zKGf{ fmDv HvB-sifNB hf
nsmv zspfoAkf pKfKGHfsh iamfdBk rq zKhf zfsvfdik wkGfdl iftb bf jsv
Kfsj, kfrst dhNsq zffr hstb, ksh pdl kfslv Hsqv zfwQjf rq sp,
kfvf zffrv nDmfsvJf v[f jsv ytsk ifvsh bf hQ skfmvf pdl zfwQjf jv sp
kfvf zffrv nDmfsvJf (hfdhj) v[f jsv ytsk n[m bq. ksh sn zhfq D
sjfb djYcv dhdbmsq (smfrv sIv{ hf zdkdv djYc zKGl dlsq) (fmD sKsj)
dbjxdk sisk yfst kfsk (fmD-Dv) jfsvf ifi sb. nh zffrv oDnDmf.
zkh skfmvf kf tOb jsvf bf, zfv pfvf zffrv dbLGfdvk nDmf QOb jsv
kfvf zkAfyfvD. (jc} 2/229)
nckvfQ fmD smfrv sIv{ dbsq Dsj kftfj slsh. bf dlst D jfuDv dbje
zdHspfo jsv `sJftf kftfj' dbsk ifsv.
i[fsv D pdl zjfvsB hf nfmfbA dev jfvsB; spmb ilGfq Kfjsk ifvsh bf
hst, fmD tsun djsb JfWqfq bf hst zKhf iAfe isv bf hst `sJftf' yfq ksh
kfv iv uffskv ncodW rfvfm. (zflf}, dk}, dr}, nuf} 2706bQ)
diaq bhD hstb, sJftf kftfj iafdKGbD hQ dhhfr hb dYjfdvBDvf mcbfdIj
smsq. (bf}, hf}, zf}, dnn} 632bQ)
kftfj ShL rstW kf sjfb sJt-kfmfwf bq. ipGf jfvB dhbf kftfj slWqf hf
sbWqfv iv uhfhdldr jvsk rsh nQdw njt hAdhoGsj.
i[fsv D jf zhfLA rst fmDv dyk, iaKmk} kfsj nlcifsq islw
slWqf W hcUfsbf. zffr W kf]v zfpfshv Hq ialwGb jvf. kfskW dhvk bf rst

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

103

kfv wpAfkAfo jvf. ksh j[ kAfo jvf dyk bq. dj wpAfkAfo jvfsj pdl D
Hfstf msb jsv hQ kfsk sjfb IttfH bf rq, kfrst viv sn kfsj iarfv
jvsk ifsv. ksh syrfvfq bq hf mb iarfv bq; pfsk sjse-Icse pfq. (zflf}) sk
pdl D fmDv zbcokf rsq snfuf isK sn pfq, kfrst zfv zbA sjfb dHiK
zhtb jvf (kftfj slWqf) fmDv ubA dyk bq. (jc} 4/34)
iajfw sp, fmD-Dv mfsU siam hf dhsYl nxd jvsk sjfb iajfv spfo-pflc kAfdl
zdHyfv dqfv nfrfpA sbWqf ShL bq. jfvB pflc j iajfv jcIvD. (Imfmc} 1/148)
4 mfn zsi[f jm nmsqv ubA fmD kfv Dv dbje bf pfWqfv jnm sJsq sn
nmsqv dHksv D-dmtb yfst jnsmv jfIXIfvf zflfq jvsk rsh. smqfl iCBG
jvst jfIXIfvf tfosh bf. i[fsv 4 mfsnv zdLj nmsqv ubA D-iwG bf jvfv
jnm sJst jnsmv jfIXIfvf dlsq 4 mfsnv iCshG Dv dbje pfWqf uvvD. bsy{ 4
mfn zdkhfdrk rsq sost Dv kftfj rsq pfsh hf D jfuDv dbje zdHspfo jsv
fmDsj kfv nQnsoG zfnsk zKhf kftfj dlsk hfLA jvsk ifvsh. zffr hstb,
pfvf dbsuslv Dv jfsY bf pfWqfv wiK (tf) jsv kfvf yfv mfn zsi[f jvsh;
zk}iv kfvf pdl dmst pfq, ksh dbyq zffr [mfwDt, ivm lqftc. zfv pdl
kfvf kftfj dlsk nQji jsv ksh zffr nhGswafkf, nhG. (jc} 2/226-227,
dInc} 2/178-179)

D iYl bf rst pdl fmD kftfj slq, ksh ial smfrv sn sIv{ ifsh bf. D
`sJftf' dbst fmD smfrv sIv{ ifsh. nckvfQ smfrv hf zdkdv zKGlsv
stfsH Dv iv dbpGfkb yfdtsq kfsj `sJftf' dbsk hfLA jvf fmDv ubA ShL bq.
hAfifsv mrfb zffr hstb, sr mcdmboB! sufv-uctcm jsv bfvDslv Wqfsvn
rWqf skfmfslv ubA rftft bq. skfmvf kfslvsj pf ialfb jsvY, kfv djqlQw
zfknf{ jvfv (dIdvsq sbhfv) sswA kfslv iv {iDVb jsvf bf (hf zfej
svsJf bf); pdl bf kfvf iajfwA zwDtkfq dt rq. (jc} 4/19)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, zfv pdl j Dv st zbA D oarB jvfv Yf jv hQ
kfslv jubsj iaycv zKG dlsq Kfj, khcW kf sKsj djYc oarB jsvf bf. skfmvf
dj dmKAf zihfl W iajfwA ififyvB fvf kf oarB jvsh? (jc} 4/20)
fmDv vi lcvdHnd hcUf sost sn smfrv sIv{ ifsh bf. (dInc} 2/268)
fmDv ubA ShL bq sp, sn dbYj u jvf W j slWqfv sswA Dsj kftfj bf
dlsq tesj vfJsh. zffrv zfslw, kfslv iv dbpGfkb hf hfVfhfdV jvfv
sswA kfslvsj zfesj svsJf bf. sp hAd mb jsv sn dbsuv [dk jsv. zfv
skfmvf zffrv dbslGwnmCrsj Eff-kfmfwfv h msb jsvf bf.--. (jc} 2/231)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

104

hdbhbfW yvm iwGjfkv ipGfsq si]ZsY sost, iarfvfdl jsvW D fmDv zbcokf bf
rst zfv j ifq zffr hst dlsqsYb, pdl Hsqv msLA dhsvfL zfwf jv
ksh skfmvf v (fmDv) idvhfv rsk jub W Wv (Dv) idvhfv rsk jub
nfdtn dbpc jv; pdl kfvf Hsq dbid yfq ksh zffr kfslv msLA mDmfQnfv
zbcjCt zhf nxd jsv slshb. (jc} 4/35)
ifq ItinC bf rst dkmq uDhb sKsj dbjxdk sisk swN if rt kftfj.
diaq bhD hstb, dkb hAd lczf jsv dj jhct rq bf; sp kfv zn{ ydvsv
Dsj kftfj slq bf. sp B dlsq nf[D vfsJ bf hQ sp dbshGfLsj dbsuv zKG ialfb
jsv; zKy zffr hstsYb, skfmvf dbshGfLslvsj skfmfslv zKG ialfb jsvf bf.
(jc} 4/2) (nuf} 3075bQ)

kftfj sjfb dhsLq jmG bq, hvQ ShL jmG. hV rkHfofvf kftfsjv zfwaq dbsq
Kfsj. zfnst kftfj rt mfvsunD sosev mk. pJb yfdvdlsj zfb tfso hQ
nm soe h rsq pfq, kJb dbvifsq soe hAhrfv bf jvst uDhb h]fsy bf.

kftfj
D oHGhkD Kfjst zKhf idhf Kfjst hQ idhkfq sjfb nm bf jsv
Kfjst j kftfj slsh. (hc}, mc}) zfv v hAfifsv lc hAdsj nf[D vfJsh. (jc} 65/2,
nzflf} 1915bQ) zk}iv fmD Dsj Ov sKsj spsk htsh bf hQ DW fmD-oxr kAfo
jvsh bf. hvQ oHGjft hf dkb mfdnj ipG zsi[f jvsh. skv mfsU D
HvB-sifNBW ifsh. mrfb zffr hstb, sr bhD! skfmvf pJb skfmfslv Dslvsj
kftfj dlsk Yf jv kJb skv iadk t[A svsJ kftfj dlW, skv drnfh
svsJf hQ skfmfslv idkiftjsj Hq jsvf. skfmvf Wslvsj oxr rsk shv jsvf
bf hQ WvfW spb sn Ov rsk shv bf rq; pdl bf Wvf dt rq i zwDtkfq.
rt zffrv dhLfb, sp zffrv dhLfb tOb jsv, sn dbsuv iv zkAfyfv jsv.
kcdm ufb bf, rqskf zffr viv sjfb ifq shv jsv slshb.' (jc} 65/1)
zk}iv Hct hcsU fmDv mb W mskv idvhkGb Oest pdl D kAfo jvsk bf yfq,
kfrst skv dHksv (dkb mfdnsjv iCshG iCshG) kfsj dIdvsq dbsk ifsv. ksh
dIdvsq sbhfv nmqW lc bAfqivfqB hAdsj nf[D vfJsh.
sJA sp, D iakAfbDkf jvfv nmq kfv nmdk uvvD bq. (mh} 9/66)
dj mb hf mskv idvhGkb bf rst W Dsj kfv uDhb sKsj zfsvf lCv jvsk
yfst dkDq idhkfq dkDq kftfj slsh hQ zbcvi nf[D vfJsh. vivW D
fmDoxr kAfo jvsh bf hQ fmDW kfsj shv jvsk ifvsh bf. iv kfsj kA

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

105

jsv nQjse sItfW ShL bq. (jc} 65/6) s[s Dv dyk, bfbf znf W dhdH
siam-Hdmf ialwGb jsv fmDv mbsj dbsuv dlsj zfjNGB jvfv syf jvf.
JbW pdl mk idvhkGb rq, kfrst fmD kfsj dIdvsq dbsk ifsv. bsy{
sjhfsv dyvksv dhlfq jvsk yfst kxkDq idhkfq kxkDq kftfj dlsq dhhfr
dyvksv dhsYl jvsh hQ pKfdbqsm nf[D vfJsh. viv D fmDoxr kAfo jvsh
zfv kfv ubA sjfb HvB-sifNB sb. (dInc} 2/167)
kxkDq kftfsjv iv fmD yfstW Dsj zfv dIdvsq zfbsk ifsv bf. bkcb smfrv
W dhhfr zfjslW bq. r]Af, ksh pdl D sYfq dkDq dhhfr jsv, fmD-nm
jsv hQ sn fmD sYfq kftfj slq zKhf mfvf pfq, ksh skv iv icbvfq
iaKm fmD bh-dhhfr-hsb Dsj dIdvsq zfbsk ifsv. v iCshG bq. (jc} 2/230)
s[s idvjdikHfsh pdl sj bfvDsj kfv fmDv ubA rftft jvfv
sswA dhhfr j'sv 2/1 vfd nrhfn j'sv kftfj slq, khcW iChG fmDv ubA sn
ShL rsh bf. jfvB, jfu idvjdikHfsh jvf rq hQ DW zsbj s[s
jfsu vfuD Kfsj bf. iv rflDn wvDsI rftftjfvD dkDq fmDsj `Lfv jvf
N]fV W zdHw htf rsqsY.' (v} 6/309, mf} 1936bQ, dm} 3296bQ)
i[fsv j zKhf lc kftfj slWqfv iv dIdvsq bf dbst hQ kfv hfjD k
kftfj bf dlsq zdkhfdrk rst D rfvfm rsq pfq dEj; dj kfvisvW pdl fmDD icbvfq nQnfv jvsk yfq, ksh bkcb smfrv dlsq bkcbHfsh dhhfr (zfjXl)
iVfst icbdhGhfsr Hsq jdk rsk ifsv. zfv s[s wfd sb.
dj iCshG sp j zKhf lc kftfj sn hAhrfv jsvsY, kf Dv is[ nQJAfq oBA
Kfjsh. nckvfQ lc kftfj slWqfv iv dIdvsq dbsq Kfjst hf k ifv rsq pfWqfv
iv icbdhGhfr jsv Kfjst sn zfv jdemf kftfsjv mfdtj Kfjsh. zfv jdehfv
kftfj dlst D mb rfvfm rsh sp, sn dkDq dhhfsrv fmD kfsj sYfq kftfj bf
dlst hf mfvf bf sost iChG fmD zfv kfsj (dhhfsrv mfLAsm) dIsv ifsh bf.
zkh nfvf uDhsb jde Dv s[s fmD mf 3 hfv kftfsjv mfdtj rq. 10
hYv iv iv 3 hfv kftfj dlstW swN hfsv iChG zhf YfVf zfv dIdvsq dbsk hf
icbdhGhfr jvsk ifsv bf. (dInc} 2/247)
zhwA dkDq fmD oarB jvfv iv kftfj hf mxkcAv jfvsB skv iv iaKm fmD
pJb bkcb smfrv nr icbdhGhfr jsv, kJb zfhfv sn bkcb jsv dkb kftfsjv
mfdtj rq. (dInc} 2/249)
kftfjiaff bfvD pdl dhdLmk kfv fmDsj icbdhGhfr jvsk yfq hf zbA fmD oarB
jvsk yfq ksh sjfb fKG, vfo hf dhsNhsw kfsj sk hfLf slWqf kfv
zdHHfhsjv ubA ShL bq.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

106

mrfb zffr hstb, zfv skfmvf pJb D huGb jv hQ kfvf kfslv kjft
zdkhfdrk jsv kJb kfslvsj kfslv fmD oarB jvsk hfLf dlW bf; pdl kfvf
zfsifsn JcwDmk vfuD rsq pfq. (jc} 2/232)
Dv mfdnjfhfq kftfj dlst fmD sofbfrofv rsh hQ sn kftfj oBA rsh bf.
idhfhfq kftfj dlst ksh kf oBA rsh. Dv mfdnsjv Jhv bf susb kftfj
dlst sofbfrofv rsh bf hQ kftfjW bq. i[fsv susb-wcsb dlst sofbfrofv
rsh. (Im} 63-64 ix})
zbcvi j mudtsn dkb kftfj rfvfm. nckvfQ pdl sj kfv Dsj t[A jsv
`skfmfsj kftfj, kftfj, kftfj, zKhf `skfmfsj dkb kftfj' hst hf v zdLj
nQJAf sJ jsv, ksh kf sjht j kftfj oBA rsh. Hfsh j ns dkb
kftfj slWqfv iv Hct hcsU icbvfq pKfvDdk sk Dsj dIdvsq dbsk yfst hf
skv iv pKfdbqsm icbdhGhfr jvsk sjfb hfLf sb. (mh} 3/171-173, 26/133,
kczf} 148 W 228 ix})

dj zbcvi dkbhfv jsv Kfjst iCshGf dbqmfbcpfqD yfst icb} nQnfv jvsk
ifsv. bsy{ bf.
zdbqsm kftfj slWqf zffrv dbLGfdvk nDmftOb jvfv zHGc. (jc} 2/229, 65/1)
nckvfQ nmq W nQJAf hcsU kftfj slWqf kftfjlfkfv ubA Ivp.
pdl fmD kfv Dsj hst `pdl kcdm zmcj jfu jv hf zmcj ufqofq pfW kfrst
skfmfsj kftfj' hQ htfsk pdl nkA nkA kftfsjv dbqk Kfsj ksh mb
tedjsq vfJf kftfj Dv jfu jvfv nfsK nfsK oBA rsq pfq.
zhwA kftfsjv dbqk bf sKsj pdl Dsj Hq sldJsq sjht jfsu jsEfv dbsNL
jvf swA Kfsj, kfrst kftfj oBA rsh bf. ksh Dv jfu jvfv iv fmDsj
jnsmv jfIXIfvf tfosh. (mh} 5/94)
zbcvi kftfsjv iv jnm sJstW. spmb pdl sj kfv Hfsj htst, `kc
pdl jdvn, kfrst zfmfv D kftfj' hf `zfdm pdl skfv Ov pf, kfrst zfmfv
D kftfj' ksh s[sW dbqk dhyfpG. kftfsjv iajxk dbqk rst kftfj rsh;
bsy{ bf. ksh jnsmv jfIXIfvf zhwA tfosh. zbcvi ksjGv nmqW pdl sj
hst ` pdl bf rq ksh zfmfv D kftfj' zKy hfh kfv iadkjCt rq, kfrst
j dhLfb iaspfuA. ksh kftfj dbsq Lvsbv sJt sJtf fmDv ubA dyk bq.
(djlf} 2/242, I 2/791)

sj pdl fmDsj kftfj dlsk hfLA jsv, ksh sufviChGj zdbYfjxk kftfj
oBA bq. zbcvi sbwfoa mfkfstv kftfj, (mh} 32/252) yvm svso drkfdrk

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

107

fbrDb c hAdv kftfj, (mh} 16/347, 26/133) Hct jsv kftfj, zdkwq HDkdhrt hAdv kftfj oBA bq. (dInc} 2/221)
mvB-wpAfq wfdqk fmD kfv mDvfn sKsj Dsj hdk jvfv sswA kftfj dlsY
hst ufbf sost kfW LkGhA bq. nckvfQ sn kfv Wqfsvn rsh hQ fmD-mxkcAv
k iftb jvsh. (dInc} 2/249)
fmD kftfsjv hAfifsv Dsj Jdkqfv dlst hQ D kftfj iYl jvst kftfj
rsq pfsh.
dhhfr W kftfj dbsq sjfb Eff-mufj sb. mufj jsvW Dsj kftfj dlst kf
hfh. (v} 1826bQ)
dhhfr iafshv iv sjfb msbfmfdtbA rst fmD kfv hfolf Dv sswA pdl
kftfj hf rfvfm hst sJ jsv, ksh kf LkGhA bq. zhwA dhhfsrv iv kfsj
jnsmv jfIXIfvf tfosh. (mh} 9/58, I} 2/787)
kftfsjv Jhv D bf sistW kftfj oBA rsh. (I} 2/804)
zffr, kf]v vnCt hf Dbsj fmD ofdt dlst D kftfj rsq pfsh. dIsv dbsk
yfst kWhf jsv bkcb smfrsv icbdhGhfr jvsk rsh. (I} 2/783)
dydEv mfLAsm kftfj dlst kf oBA rsh. zbcvi shfhf pdl dsk kftfj slq
ksh kfW oBA. zhwA dtJsk ufbst kfv dk oBA bq. (dInc} 2/229)

k
fmD kftfj dlst D k iftb bf jsv dkDq fmD oarB jvsk ifsv bf. sk
fmD-Dsj dhhfr-dhsYslv hAfifsv icbdhGshybf jvsk ncspfo slWqf rq. Ist sn
ncspfso D iakAfbDkf jvsk ifsv. kfYfVf k dhdLh jvfq jKfv dk
vsqsY sp, dhhfr sjfb sYstsJtfv dhNq bq. v zfso-disY vsqsY dhdH dbqmbDdk W nDmf-nmq.
iv skv mfsU bfvDv oHGfwq ivD[f rq. pfsk lc fmDv kvI sKsj hQswv
nQdmwaB bf Ose.
kftfjiaff bfvD pdl zvdmkf rq hf kfv hfnv bf rsq Kfsj, ksh kfv sjfb
k sb. (jc} 33/49)
vdmkf mdrtf pdl kcmkD rq, ksh kfv k dkb mfdnj; dkb mfn bq. nckvfQ
nfbsj lcL ifb jvfhfv nmq pdl 2/3 hYvW mfdnj bf rq, ksh dkb mfdnj bf
rWqf ipG sn sk Kfjsh. (jc} 2/228, I} 2/799)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

108

kcrDbf djswfvD hf hxf rst kfv k dkb mfn. (jc} 65/4) dj k wcv jsv
djYc dlb isv kfv kc wcv rst, kc drnfsh kfsj dkb k iftb jvsk rsh.
(dInc} 2/297)

sjfb ufbf jfvsB mfdnj h Kfjst hf rhfv nHfhbf bf Kfjst kfv kW

dkb mfn. dj rhfv nHfhbf Kfjst dIsv zfnf ipG zsi[f jsv dkb mfdnj
k iftb jvsh. zhwA pdl zufbf jfvsB mfdnj h Kfsj kfrst 1 hYv zKGf{
osHGv 9 mfn hQ skv dkb mfn zsi[f jsv ksh dkDq fmD oarB jvsk
ifvsh. (I} 2/799)
oHGhkDv k inhjft ipG. (jc 65/4) mfn zKhf mfdnj drnfsh k wcv
jvfv djYc dlb iv oHG iajfw sist ianhjft ipG zsi[f jvsk rsh.
kftfjiaff mdrtf kfv kftfsjv Jhv dkb mfdnj iv sist kfv k swN.
zfv bkcb jsv k sb. (I} 2/804)
sJftf kftfsjv k j mfdnj. mfdnsjv iv dkDq fmD oarB jvsk ifsv.
(I} 2/799)

zbcvi fmD mfvf sost dhvrdhLcvf dhLhf DsjW k W swfjiftb jvsk rsh.

(jc} 2/234) sk Dv oHGfwq oHG sKsj Jfdt dj bf kf ivD[f rsh; pfsk hQsw nQdmwaB

bf Ose. kfYfVf sk Dv dbje fmDv sp mpGflf W zdLjfv kfv zdHhAd Ose.

nckvfQ dhLhf oHGhkD rst ianhjft ipG k iftb jvsh. (zfv kf 2/1
OefW rsk ifsv.) zk}iv sn dH fmD oarB jvsk ifsv. ksh oHGhkD bf rst 4
mfn 10 dlb zsi[f jsv k iftb jvsh. (jc} 2/234)
dhLhfv dhhfsrv iv hfnv bf rsq KfjstW k iftb jvsh. spmb, bfhfdtjf
djswfvD zKhf zdkhxf rstW k iftb jvsk rsh. (mh} 16/114,120,132)
vuqD kftfjiaff D (sk Kfjst; pfsj fmD dIdvsq dbsk ifsv) kfv fmD
mfvf sost bkcb jsv fmD-mxkcAv k iftb jvsh. (I} 2/ 820)
sjfbW jfvsB skv nmq didYsq slWqf pfq bf. fmDv mxkcAv iv sKsj k
iftb wcv jvsk rsh. (mh} 2/815, Im} 65ix})
fmDv mxkcAv Jhv 4 mfn iv ufbst kfv k mf hfjD 10dlb. 4 mfn lw
dlb iv ufbst zfv sjfb k sb. (I} 2/804)
skv dHksv dhLhfv swfjiftb Wqfsuh. swfj iftsb dhLhf kAfo jvsh}1- iaskAj nclv sifwfj. ksh v ubA sjfb dbdlG Lvsbv hf vsMv jfiV sb.
sp jfisV snZlpG sb sn jfiV idvLfb jvsh. nflf jfisV snZlpG Kfjst kfW
hAhrfv dbdN. (mh} 19/158) dbdlGHfsh jfstf sifNfj hAhrfvW dhdLnmk bq.
(Im} 65ix})

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

109

2- nhGiajfv ztfv. zhwA nmq slJfv ubA rfsk OdV hf]Lfq slfN sb.

(mh}19/158) r]Af, ksh hfsv sost efm slJfv ubA iasqfub bf rst hf vfJfv mk

isje hf hAfo Kfjst rfsk h]fLsh bf. jfvB, OdVskW snZlpG zfsb.
3- nhGiajfv ianfLb W zvfo; ncvmf, jfut, sp sjfb vQ kAfdl.
4- nhGiajfv ncod; nchfdnk nfhfb hf Sktfdl hAhrfv dbdN. (I} 2/813) mb
dj dbsuv sYstsmsq hf zbA jfsj sneufkDq djYc tfdosq dlskW ifsv bf.
spsrkc ncod rfsk sn pfsh kf. (djlf} 2/143) zhwA mfdnj sKsj idhkfv
nmq lcoG lCvDjvBfsKG djYc sne tffsb hAhrfv jvsk ifsv. (dthfmf} 24/13)
5- fmDoxsrv hfsv pfWqf. spsrkc fmDoxsr k iftb Wqfsuh. ksh jf
iasqfub hf zokAfq (ilGfv nfsK) hfsv pfWqf ShL. spmb, YfD hf dwd[jf rst
ct-jstu spsk ifsv. (mh} 16/131) sj bf Kfjst ov-Yfot, Intfdlv
slJfswfbf jvsk ifsv kAfdl.
zbcvi fmDv hfnfsb sjfb zfkDq bf Kfjst Hsqv jfvsB sjfb zbA zfkDqv
hfdVsk k iftb jvf pfq. (mh} 19/168) YfVf jcecmhfdV, nJDv hfdV hf zfv
jfsvf hfdV shVfsk pfWqf dbdN. (kfmc}154ix})
skv nmq zdkhfdrk rst nh dhdL-dbsNL swN rsq pfsh. v iv vDdkmk
nh djYc hAhrfv jvsk ifsv hQ dhhfrW jvsk ifsv. hvQ pfvf SLpGrfvf rsq
hAdHyfsvv isK if hfdVsq `v]fsVv Osv N]fsVv hfnf' jsv kfslv is[ dhhfr Ivp.
skv mfsU shfot W ocfsv stfm hQ bJfdl sjse idvjfv-idvY Kfjf,
mfY-mfQn, It kAfdl m JflA JfWqf lCNBDq bq. spmb y]fslv mcJ slJsk sb,
dhsqv jsb iwG jvsk sb iaHxdk LfvBf W zfyfv jcnQfv. (kfmc} 154-155 ix})
dhLhf fmDv Wqfsvn rsh. vuqD kftfjiaff rst hQ skv dHksv dhLhf
rst Wqfsvn rsh. hfdkt dhhfr, sJftf kftfj iaHxdkv sk Wqfsvn rsh bf.
slv swfj iftsbv kW sb. zbcvi kftfjiaff kfv k zdkhfdrk
rWqfv iv fmD mfvf sost Wqfsvn rsh bf. r]Af, pdl fmD kfv mvB-svfso Dsj
mDvfn sKsj hdk jvfv sswA kftfj dlsqsY hst ufbf pfq, ksh kfv k
ifv rsq sostW (1 hf 2 kftfsjv iv; pfsk icbdhGhfr nHh) D dkDq dhhfr
bf jsv Kfjst Wqfsvn rsh. pKfdbqsm dkb kftfjiaff rst zKhf skv iv
dhhfr jsv Kfjst sn zfv Wqfsvn rsh bf. (I} 2/820, djlf} 2/205, Im} 97-98)
dmtb bf rsq fmD mfvf sostW D Wqfsvn rsh. (I} 2/821)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

110

D rfvfm jvst
`pdl sedtdHwsb DbD siafoafm YfVf zbA djYc slJ, ksh kcdm rfvfm' hst D rfvfm
jvst hf sjfb zbA jfvsB `kcdm zfmfv ubA rfvfm' kAfdl htst hQ kftfsjv
dbqk bf rst kftfj rsh bf. hvQ D nrhfn rfvfm jvfv dbqk rst kfv ns nm
zShL rsq pfsh. ShL jvsk yfst jnsmv jfIXIfvf uvvD. zffr hstb, sr
bhD! zffr skfmfv ubA pf ShL jsvsYb kcdm skfmfv Dslvsj JcwD jvfv ubA kf
skfmfv iv zShL jsv dbY sjb? zffr [mfwDt, ivm lqftc. zffr skfmfslv
wiK rsk mcdtfsHv hAhf jsvsYb. zffr skfmfslv nrfq. dkdb nhG,
iafmq. (jc} 66/1-2,mh} 18/76)
iajfw sp, jnsmv jfIXIfvf (iafqdy) lwub ldvlasj mLAm Lvsbv JflA-lfb
(mfKf diYc 1 djstf 250 oafm jsv yft dlst yst) zKhf lwubsj h (sodtcd) lfb djQhf jub Dklfn mcd. zfv nsh nfmKGA bf Kfjst 3 dlb svfuf
iftb. (jc} 5/89)
Dsj `kcdm zfmfv mfsqv disEv mk' hf `kcdm zfmfv mf' hf shfb kAfdl hst
rfvfm jvst sj `dprfv' hst. mb htf hf jvf rfvfm. jvst jfIXIfvf Wqfsuh
hQ v iCshG nrhfn W kfv HCdmjf zShL. zffr hstb, skfmfslv msLA pfvf
dbsuslv DosBv ndrk dprfv jsv kfvf susb vfJcj, kfslv DoB kfslv mfkf bq.
pfvf kfslvsj HCdm jsv sjht kfvf kfslv mfkf, Wvf skf OxBA W dHdrDb jKf
hst. dbyq zffr ifismfybjfvD W [mfwDt, pfvf dbsuslv DosBv nfsK dprfv
jsv zk}iv Wslv d iakAfrfv jsv dbsk yfq, ksh kfslv iafqdy (jfIXIfvf)
rt spZb jfmbfq sj zivsj (fmD Dsj) iwG jvfv iCshG 1de Dklfn fLDb.
dbslGw skfmfslv slWqf rt. skfmvf pf jv zffr kfv Jhv vfsJb. dj pfv
nfmKGA sb kfv iafqdy rt spZb-jfmbfq sj zivsj iwG jvfv iCshG
jfdlsm lc'mfn svfpf iftb. sp sk znmKG sn 60 ub zHfhoasj JflA
(mfKfdiYc 1 djstf 250 oafm jsv yft) lfb jvsh. ef ubA sp skfmvf spb
zffr W klDq vnCst dhhfn fib jv. dt zffrv dbLGfdvk nDmfsvJf. zfv
zdhhfnDslv ubA vsqsY mmGl wfd. (jc} 58/2-4)
kftfsjv dbqsk dprfv jvst (Dsj mf hf mfsqv mk htst) kftfj rsh bf
dprfv rsh. i[fsv dprfsvv dbqsk kftfj dlst kftfj rsq pfsh. (dInc} 2/276)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

111

Dv kvI sKsj dprfv rq bf. ksh fmDsj `hfi' htst fmD nrhfn rfvfm hQ
v mfb jnsmv nmfb. zkh jnsmv jfIXIfvf dlst ksh fmD-nm ShL rsh.
(I} 2/793)

fmD pdl kfv Dsj sjfb ocB, vi, hf jmGieckf kAfdlsk kfv mfsqv nfsK kctbf
jsv hst `kcdm zfmfv mfsqv mk' (zKGf{ ocsB hf jsmG) hQ zbcvi D pdl kfv
fmDsj hst `zfidb zfmfv hfsiv mk' (zKGf{ sjfb ocsB hf jsmG) ksh sj jfsvf
is[ rfvfm rq bf. (I} 2/793)

zdykf
pchkD bfvDv nxdok iajxdk mfdnj vnafh kfv k kAfdlv drnfh slq, osHGv
Jhv ufbf pfq. zfv nafh kfv oHGdk sBv zfrfv rq.
oHGfhfskW mfdnj zfnsk ifsv. mb rst mfdnsj kftfj rfvfm bq. jfvB,
kfv k rt oHGjft. (dlk} 13ix})
zHAfnok dlsb zfso-disY rsq mfdnj rstW kf mfdnsjv Jcb, zHAfn 7 dlsbv
Kfjst pdl 6 dlsb idhf rq ksh sn idhf, 8m dlsbW Jcb dhlAmfb Kfjst kf
mfdnsjv Jcb. (dlk} 14ix})
mfdnsjv Jcb nfLfvBk} vsv bAfq. dj mfsU hf swsNv dlsj pdl smse hf ofhVf
vsMv Jcb zfsn ksh kfW mfdnsjv wfdmt. zhwA idhf rWqfv iv pdl Lvsbv
Jcb zfsn ksh kf mfdnj bq. (zflf} 307 bQ)
sjfb Dstfsjv 1dlb Jcb ivdlb h; zbcvi jefbf nhGlf rsk Kfsj ksh kf
mfdnj bq hvQ drfpf. (v hBGbf isv zfnsY.)
zHAfnmk kcv jqdlsbv dHksv pdl jdlb Jcb jdlb h Kfsj, ksh kfv
icsvfef mfdnj LkGhA. Jcb h KfjstW idhkf bq. (zfdb 207-208ix}) ksh
mfsUv dlbocdtsk pdl idhkfv nflfnafh slJf pfq ksh kf idhkf. ( 207ix})
mfdnsjv zwcdykfq sp nh LmGjmGfdl dbdN kf dbmvi}1. bfmfp}- mfdnjfhfq bfmfp iVf ShL bq. idhf rst sofnt jsv ksh
bfmfp iVsh. sp zs sjht j vfjzfk bfmfp iVfv mk nmsqv iCshG idhf
rsh sofnstv iv sn zsvW bfmfp jfpf iVsk rsh. spmb pdl sj nCpGfsv 2
dmdbe iCshG idhf rq ksh (nCpGfsv iv) sofnt jsv zfnsvv bfmfp jfpf iVsh
zk}iv mfodvshv bfmfp zflfq jvsh. sp zs sofnt jvsh sjht sn z
sKsj bfmfp iVf psK bq. diaq bhD hstb, sp hAd bfmfspv j vfjzfk
ifq, sn bfmfp (bfmfspv nmq) sisq pfq. (hc},mc})

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

112

sp hAd nCpGfsv iCshG zfnsvv j vfjzfk sisq pfq, sn zfnv sisq sbq hQ
sp hAd nCspGflsqv iCshG Iusvv j vfjzfk bfmfp sisq pfq, sn Iuv sisq
sbq. (hc}, mc}, dm} 601bQ, dlk} 19ix})
nckvfQ sjfb Wqfs iashw rWqfv iv zKhf bfmfp iVsk iVsk mfdnj wcv
rst idhkfv iv Wqfsv bfmfpW jfpf iVsk rsh. spmb pdl jfsvf nCpGfsv
2 dmdbe iv kc wcv rq (pfsk 1 vfjzfk bfmfp iVf pfq) kfrst idhkfv
sofnstv iv mfosvshv bfmfp jfpf iVsh. (18ix})
2. jcvzfb iwG W ifE }
bfifsj jcvzfb iwG zShL. (jc} 56/79) zbcvi mcsJ yfvB jsv kcmkD
jcvzfb sktfzk jvsh bf. msb msb iVsk slfN sb. zhwA pdl Hcst pfWqfv
Hq rq zKhf dwd[jf W YfDv sjfb zfqfk sJ jvf uvvD rq, ksh yfvB
jvsk iasqfusb ShL. (dlk} 20-21ix}, kfmc} 36ix}) i[fsv lczf lvl, dpjv, knhDr
krtDt, soIfv, kWhf, rflDn W dIjXr ifE, jfsvf lczfq zfmDb htf, jcvzfb
wahB kAfdl ShL. (dlk} 19ix}, kfmc} 38ix})
jcvzfb mfuDslv kInDv hf zbchfl iwG jsv iVf slfsNv bq. dnulfv zfqfk
wcsb dnulf jvfW ShL. (zfdb} 1/174)
kcmkDv sjfst mfKf svsJ kfv nfb zKhf fmD jcvzfb sktfzk jvsk ifsv.
(hc}, mc}, zfdb} 1/163)

3. svfpf iftb }mfdnjfhfq svfpf iftb dbdN. ksh vmpfsbv Ivp svfpf isv jfpf jvf uvvD.
(dj zhfq YfVf bfmfspv jfpf sb.) (hc} 321bQ, mc} 265bQ, zflf} 263bQ)
svfpfv dlsb nCpGfsv [sBj iCshG mfdnj st dlsbv svfpf hfdkt; jfpf jvsk
rsh. nCpGfsv iCshG mfdnj zfnsY hst msb rst; dj ianafhfsv Jcb slJf bf sost
hQ nCpGfsv iv slJf dlst svfpf b rsh bf.
Iuv lq rWqfv [sBj isv mfdnj wcv rst dlsb svfpf rsh bf. Iuv
lsqv [sBj iCshG Jcb h rst sofnt bf jvstW dlsbv svfpf Ivp. (zfdb}
1/173) Iusvv iv sofnt jsv bfmfp iVsh, zbcvi fmD-D nm jsv snrvD
sJsq isv Iusvv zfpfb rsq sostW svfpfv sjfb [dk rq bf. sofnt jsv bfmfp
iVf uvvD. (hc}, mc}, dlk} 22ix})
svfpf svsJ dlsbv mLAHfso Jcb st svfpf b W ifbfrfv ShL. spmb mfdnsjv
dlbocdtsk mdrtf ifbfrfv jvsk ifvsh hQ dlsb mfdnj h rstW dlsbv zhdw
nmsq ifbfrfv ShL. (mcm} 4/541-542)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

113

4. kWqfI }
Ivp, bIt nhG iajfv kWqfI zShL. zhwA nfqD hQ dmbf, mcplfdtIfr W
zfvfIfsk zhfb, ifKv mfvf kAfdl ShL. spmb dhlfqD kWqfsIv iCshG mfdnj wcv
rst kWqfI jvf Wqfsuh Kfsj bf. (hc}, mc})
dj r hf mvfv kWqfI ifj rWqfv iv jvsk rsh. bsy{ r hf mvf
rsh bf. (dlk} 23-24ix})
5. mndul W lofsr zhfb}mfdnj zhfq mndusl hf lofsr hnf zShL. (hc},mc}) zhwA mnduslv hfsv
sKsj mnduslv dHksv dk sjfb h dEsq sbWqf zShL bq. (mc}, zflf} iaHxdk, kfmc} 37ix})
6. fmD-nm }mfdnjfhfq nm rfvfm. mrfb zffr hstb, Wvf skfmfsj vu}nafh (jft W
fb) ians dufnf jsv, kcdm ht rf zwcdy. nckvfQ vu}nafhjfst D-nQnoG
sKsj lCsv Kfj hQ idhf bf rWqf ipG kfslv dbje (nsmv sswA) spW bf.
zk}iv pJb kfvf idvwc rsq pfq, kJb kfslv dbje dEj snHfsh omb jv
spHfsh zffr skfmfslvsj zfslw jsvsYb. dbyq zffr kWhfjfvDslvsj hQ
pfvf idh Kfsj kfslvsj Hfstfhfsnb. (jc} 2/222)
mfdnjfhfq nm jsv sItst j lDbfv (nWqf 4 oafm snfbf hf kfv mCtA) zKhf
zLG lDbfv nljf jvsk rsh. (zflf}, dk} iaHxdk, zfdp} 122ix}) zhwA znmsq
spZb[cLf dbhfvsBv ubA D ufdqf isv tffb (infh W ifqJfbffv) ilGf jsv
zbAfbA fsb hDpGifk kAfdl nhGiajfv spZbfyfv ShL. (hc}, mc}, dlk} 25ix})
spmb, ifqc W spfbDisK nm jvfv zfwf bf Kfjst hf SLpG vfJsk ifvst Dv
v-SmKcbW ShL.
iajfw sp, kcmkD Dv s]ef djYc hf kfv mcsJv tftf bfifj bq.
7. kftfj slWqf}
iCshG zfstfdyk rsqsY sp, mfdnjfhfq kftfj slWqf ShL bq. zfv dlsq sItstW
kftfj hfdkt; LkGhA bq. zhwA Dv ndrk hfnv jvfv iCshG, oHGjfst, zKhf
sJftf kftfj iafKGbfjfst mfdnjfhfq Kfjst kftfj slWqf zShL bq. (dlk} 27ix})
mfdnjfhfq dhhfr zfjXl (dhsq iVfsbf) ShL. ksh hfnv bf jvf m. hv
dmtb bf jsv SLpG vfJsk ifvst hfnv jvsh; bsy{ bf. ( 28 ix})
mfdnj h rst sofnt Ivp. sp nmsq srfj sofnt jvsk rsh. slwDq iaKf
zbcpfqD zKhf tfv Jfdksv dbdlG nmq sKsj sofnt didYsq bfmfp b jvst
sofbfrofv rsh. zfsvf Jcb zfnsh nslsr sjfb bfmfp didYsq dlst jfpf isV sbsh.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

114

mdrtf sofnt dbbvsi jvsh}iaKsm nfhfbfdl dlsq tffb Hfstfvsi Lcsq rfk idvjfv jsv sbsh. zk}iv
sofnstv dbqk jsv `dhndmfr' hst iCBG Wpc jvsh, kfviv 3 hfv mfKfq ifdb dbsq
Hfstf jsv mbHfsh sLZk jvsh spb ycstv sofVfq-sofVfq ifdb siZ]sY pfq.
zk}iv nfvf wvDv Lcsq sbsh. isv hJs hf kcstfv msLA sjfb ncod tfdosq
tffsb svsJ sbsh.
sofnstv iv zfhfv Jcb slJf dlst pdl smse hf ofhVf vsMv Jcb rq kfrst sjfb
[dk rsh bf. mfdnsjv mk rst icb} h rst zfhfv sofnt jvsh. (I} 1/240)
bfmfspv zs nIsv mfdnj h rst, zKhf ifdb bf Kfjst, zKhf ifdb hAhrfv
[dkjv rst kfqfmcm jsv bfmfp iVsh.
fsAv [dk bf rst idvusbv ndrk j ns r hf svfpf iftsbv sswA
hf zbA sjfb iasqfusb mfdnj h vfJfv NL hAhrfv ShL. ksh sk spb fmDsj
(sk) sLfjf slWqfv swA bf rq. (dlk} 43, I} 1/241)

dr
fpf
mfdnsjv Jcb jefbf zfnsk Kfjst zKhf 2/1 dlb YfVf nfvf mfsn Jcb h bf
rst mb Jcbsj drfpfv Jcb hst. zfv sp bfvDv mb Jcb zfsn kfsj mcfrfpf
hst.
mcfrfpfv dkb zhf rsk ifsv}1- jub mdrtfv iCshG pKfdbqsm mfdnj rk. dj isv Lfvfhfdrj Jcb sn zfv
h rq bf. nckvfQ mb mdrtfv zHAfnokHfsh sp j'dlb Jcb zfnk sn
j'dlbsj mfdnj Lsv hfjD isvv dlbdtsj drfpfv Jcb Lsv sbsh. nckvfQ isvv
dlbdtsk sofntfdl jsv bfmfp-svfpf jvsh. (hc}, mc})
2- jub mdrtfv wcv sKsj jefbf Jcb zfsn. mfdnj W drfpfv dlb kfv
zufbf. mb mdrtf sjfb t[B hcsU mfdnj W drfpfv mfsU ifKGjA dbhGfyb
jvsh. spmb pdl 10 dlb jfstf hQ hfjD mfsn tft Jcb, zKhf 10dlb smfef hQ
hfjD mfsn ifktf Jcb, zKhf 10 dlb lcoGmq hQ hfjD mfsn orDb Jcb slsJ ksh
jfstf smfef W lcoGmq Jcbsj mfdnsjv hQ hfjD drfpfv Jcb Lsv dbsq idhf
rsq bfmfp-svfpf jvsh. (dlk} 34ix})
3- mb mdrtf pfv mfdnsjv sjfb dbdlG dlb ufbf sb hQ sjfb t[BW hcUsk
ifsv bf, sn pJb sKsj iaKm Jcb lwGb jsvsY kJb sKsj drnfh Lsv dEj sn nmq

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

115

jsv iaskAj mfsn 6 hf 7 dlb (nfLfvB mdrtfslv zHAfnmk) zwcdykfv ubA

zsi[f jsv sofnt jvsh hQ hfjD dlbocdtsk bfmfp-svfpf jvsh. (dlk} 35ix})
sjfb hAfdLv Ist oHGfwq kcst sItst hf sjfb mb zifsvwb jvst pfsk
mfdnj dyvdlsbv mk h rsq pfq; pdl kfv isvW sjfbsm Jcb slJf pfq, ksh sn
Jcb mfdnj hf drfpfv bq. hvQ sn Jcb idhkfv iv smse hf ofhVf hsBGv Jcsbv
nmipGfsqv. sk mdrtf zidhf rq bf hQ bfmfp svfpfW h jvf ShL bq. sk
sofntW Ivp bq. Jcb Lcsq bfmfspv ubA zpc psK. zbcvi spfbDisK nhGlf
nflfnafh slJf dlstW j dbslGw. (I} 1/298)
nckvfQ iajfv mdrtfvf (mcfrfpfoB) idhf mdrtfv mk. zkh slv ubA
bfmfp, svfpf, r, fmD-nrhfn kAfdl njt jmG idhkfv mk iftb jvf Ivp
W ShL. ksh nhGlf Jcb Kfjst idhkfv ubA iaKm sofnstv iv iaskAj bfmfspv
ubA zhGfn hlst tffb Lcsq zpc jvsh. Jcb hfsv zfnfv Hq Kfjst jfiV
hf kctf sh]sL sbsh. (dlk} 37-38ix})

dbIfn
ianshv 2/1 dlb iChG sKsj hf ianshv iv sKsj tfofkfv [vBDq Jcbsj dbIfsnv
Jcb hst. Jcb nhGfdLj 40 dlb Uvsk Kfsj hQ ef kfv nhGswN nmq. nckvfQ
40 dlb iv Jcb slJf dlstW mdrtf sofnt jsv bfmfp-svfpf jvsh. zhwA 40
dlsbv mfKfq pdl ianCdkv mfdnj zfnfv nmq rq hQ Jcb jefbf sKsj pfq ksh
kfv zHAfnmk mfdnjjftW zsi[f jsv kfv iv sofnt jvsh.
40 dlb iCshG Jcb h rstW sofnt snsv bfmfp-svfpf jvsh. fmD nrhfnW
ShL rsh. dj 2/5 dlb h rsq icbvfq (40 dlsbv iCshG) Jcb st bfmfp-svfpf
kAfdl h jvsh hQ isv pJb h rsh zKhf 40 dlb iCBG rst sofnt jsv ifj
rsq pfsh. mfsUv dlsbv bfmfp-svfpf wc rsq pfsh hQ fmD nsmvW ifi rsh
bf. (dlk} 39-40ix}, kfmc} 49ix}, zfdb} 244ix}, mh} 20/177)
40 dlsbv dHksv Jcb smse hf ofhVf vsMv rstW kf dbIfsnv Jcb. (Im} 23ix})
mfbcsNv zfjxdk zfnfv iv (nfLfvBk} 80 dlb iv) oHGifk rst hf Oefst sp Jcb
zfnsh kf dbIfsnv Jcb. v iCshG rst kf dbIfn bq hvQ drfpfv Jcb. sk
bfmfp-svfpf jvsk rsh. (I} 1/243,245, Im} 24ix})

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

116

zfkfd
skf sot slrwcdv jKf. dj v iCshG zfkfwcdW jf iasqfubDq dhNq; pf
bf rst slr hflk djYc wc bq. zffr hstb,
spdlb Lb-nil nfb-ndk sjfb jfsu zfnsh bf. sndlb ijxk rsh sjht
sn hAd, sp zffrv dbje dhwc zv dbsq idk rsh. (jc} 26/88-89)
sp zfkf idvwc jvsh, sn nItjfm rsh hQ sn hAKG rsh, sp zfkfsj
jtcdNk jvsh. (jc} 91/9-10)
nckvfQ sp hAd zmCtj dhhfn, dwjG, dhlzfk, hfdkt zdHmk, nslr W nQwq,
ShNdqj zfnd (Lb, bfvD, odl, pw iaHxdkv stfH) dvicv zfmB, wvqD fb
wCbAkf, zdLj dhtfdnkf W rfdn, sbfQvf W jlpGgzfyvB hQ ififyvB sKsj dbu
zfkf W mbsj idh W dhwc vfJsh hQ zffrv iv ndEj mfb W dhhfn
vfJsh, kf]v dbje zfknmiGB jvsh, kf]v iv nlf Hvnf jvsh, k]fv dbje
njt yfWqf yfsh, kf]v nvB W LAfsb nlf rlq ufodvk Kfjsh, k]fv vnCstv
kvDjf nlf kfv iK W rlsqv zfstfjhdkGjf rsh. zdLjfdLj sktfzk lczf,
iafKGbf, dpjXv W doIfv kKf lvl ifE jvsh. DbD mudtsn zQwoarB, DbD hicj iEb-ifEb hQ nkAsj dysb kf nflsv oarB jvsh, mcndtm kKf nfvf nxdv
ubA pfv rlq lqflGa Kfjsh, kfv rlq idvwc rlq. smfejKf iCBG zfknmiGBjfvD
jub mcndtsmv rlq dhwc rlq. mb bf rst mcd W nItkfv zfwf jvf pfq
bf. (zfdb} 246-269ix})

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

117

oHG W umdbqB
nfb j nil. db} rstW nfsbv zfjfJf iaskAj mf-hfsiv. kf skf
db}nfb dikf-mfkf dydj{nfsKG djbf Jfq, sjfKf bf pfq? zhwA ShLHfsh dydj{nfdhfsbv nfrfpA sbWqf lCNBDq bq. lCNBDq rt nfbstfsH sjfb iDv-Efjcvmfpfsvv dbje sosq bpvfdl smsb nfb-jfmbf; hvQ rt J]fde dwjG. zffr pfsj
Yf nfb slb hQ pfsj Yf hAf vfsJb. nckvfQ mcndtsmv dyk, k]fv dbje
hst nfb yfWqf}




zKGf{, sr iaHc! zfmfsj sbj nfb lfb jv. (jc} 37/100)



zKGf{, sr zfmfv iadkiftj! kcdm skfmfv kvI sKsj zfmfsj n{ hQwLv lfb
jv, dbyq kcdm zkAfdLj iafKGbf wahBjfvD. (jc} 3/38)
dydj{nf-dhfsbv nfrfspA jxdm ifsq oHGnfvB idkv mfLAsm nfb tfH
jvsk rst pdl fmDv hDpG dbsq Dv oHGfwsq jxdm ifsq svsJ iaubb nHh
rq, kfrst mb nfbHfoA tfH jvf ShL. i[fsv fmD hAkDk zbA jfsvf hDpG
fvf mb iaubb rfvfm. sn nfb dbsuv ShL nfb rsh bf; hvQ sn ufvu oBA
rsh.
nfb-diifnf lCvDjvBfsKG zisvv nfb dbsq (ifdtkic drnfsh) tftb-iftb
jvfq ntfsmv nmKGb sb. (jc} 33/4)
sjfb idksk zffrv Yf hAkDk jfsvf dbu Yfmk ic hf jbAf um slWqf
nHh bq. mrfb zffr hstb, zfjfwmtD W ixdKhDv nfhGsHZmk zffrv.
dkdb pf Yf, kf nxd jsvb. dkdb pfsj Yf jbAfnfb hQ pfsj Yf icnfb
lfb jsvb. zKhf lfb jsvb ic-jbAf Hq hQ pfsj Yf kfsj hAf vfsJb.
dbyq dkdb nhG, nhGwdmfb. (jc} 42/49-50)
skfmfv iadkiftj pf Yf nxd jsvb hQ pfsj Yf msbfbDk jsvb. sk
Wslv sjfb rfk sb. zffr mrfb hQ Wvf pfsj kf]v zQwD jsv kf rsk dkdb
sLG. (jc} 28/68)

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

118

nckvfQ ic-jbAf umlfsbv hAfifsv DvW sjfb rfk hf de sb. kf sjht

jbAfnfb ianh jvfv Ist pfvf dbsuslv Dv iadk [c rq, kfvf dbYj mcJG Sh dj?
nh skf zffrv rfsk. kfYfVf hDu skf fmDv. D skf hGv wnAs[. spmb hDu
skmdb Int. nckvfQ slfN rst hDu W hDu-Wqftfv slfN rWqf dyk, udmv sjb?
i[fsv 2/3de jbAf hf shfsbv pKfKG iadkiftb jvst ivjfst mrfbhD v
ifwfifdw hfnfb tfH rsh. (dnn} 296 bQ)
iv sp sYstv zfwf jvf pfq kf `hAfef bf rsq hAKf, tAfEf hf j]fef'W skf rsk
ifsv. ksh nh djYc HfsoAv hAfifv bq dj? kjlDsv dhhfn W nd hQ zffrv
iv pKfKG Hvnf Kfjst ivm wfd tfH jvf pfq nQnfsv.
dmtsb pfv hDpGifk zfso rsh kfv hf kfv hQswv jfsvf mk nfsbv vizfjxdk rsh. fmDv hDpGJtb zfso rst nfb kfv dikxjcstv jfsvf mk hQ Dv
hDpGJtb zfso Oest nfb kfv mfkxjcstv jfsvf mk rsq um sbsh. (hc} 3329bQ, mc}
315bQ) nckvfQ mfkf-dikf soZvhBG rstW nfb jx hf wAfmhBG zKhf v dhivDkW
rsk ifsv. (hc} 6847,mc} 1500) jfvB, nfsbv dikxjct hf mfkxjcst hsBGv sjfb
icvN hf bfvD zhwA dYt pfv zfjxdk-Yfqf dbsq kfv um rsqsY.
dmtsbv Yqmfn iv nfb HCdm rWqf nHh. sk Dv iadk nslrsifNB ShL
bq. jfvB nfsbv oHGfwsq zhfb hQ kfv lcLifsbv nhGsmfe nmq dw mfn. (jc}
46/15) zfv kfv lcLifsbv nmq rt lc hYv (24 mfn). (jc} 31/14) zkh
zhdw Yqmfn osHGv bcAbkm nmq dbLGfvB jvsk sjfb nslr sb.
2/3 hYv iCshG fmD-dmtsb nkD-nfLDv nfb zShL bq. spsrkc h mdrtfv
oHGjft fHfdhj nmq rskW zdLj rsq Kfsj.
osHGv nmq nfLHfk, i]fyHfuf kAfdlv {nh W zbcfb dhufkDq iaKf. ntfsm
nh ShL bq. zbcvi sifk ifEfsbf kAfdl iaKfW.
oHGjfst odHGBD dbsuv zKhf kfv sBv sjfb [dkv zfwf Kfjst svfpf jfpf
jvsk ifsv. (mh} 14/110)
lf W nfrfpAjfdvBD hAkDk zbAfbA mdrtfslv nfbHCdm jvf slJf (odHGBDv
ocf lwGb) ShL bq. (mc} 338bQ) ianCdkoxsr stfrf, sY]Vfuft, mcsVf U]fef iaHxdk
vfJf dwjG.
ianhpBf pk lDOG srfj bf sjb (Jcb bf Hfst) bfmfspv nmq bfmfp mfI sb.
spHfsh nHh snHfsh bfmfp iVsk rsh. (Im} 35ix})
nfb-jfftD lidkv dhivDk zfv j lidk vsqsY pfvf ncJD idvhfv oVfv
si idvhfv-idvjibf kKf umdbqsBv nfrfpA dbsq Kfsj. kfslv swfofb rt
`zfmvf lc zfmfslv lc' kAfdl. dj Hfsh dbdlG-nQJAj nfb dbsq

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119

umdbqB jvf ntfm idviD jmG. spsrkc ntfm zdLj nfblfD bfvDsj
dhhfr jvsk c jsv. nQJAfodvkf ntfsmv jfmA.
iv sjb umdbqB? JfWqfsk-ivfsk ifvsh bf Hsq zKhf mfbcN jvsk
ifvsh bf Hsq? iaKm Hq pfslv rq kfvf zffrv iadk jcLfvBf vfsJ. zffr
pfsj nxd jsvb, kfsj kfv vuDW dbdlG jsv slb. zffr hstb, ixdKhDv iaskAj
uDshv uDdhjfv lfdqk zffrv. (jc}11/6) mb h uDh zfsY pfvf dbsuslv
JflA umf vfsJ bf (nQoar jvsk z[m), zffr Wslvsj hQ skfmfslvsj
uDhsbfijvB lfb jsv Kfsjb. dkdb nhGswafkf, nhG. (jc} 29/60)
nckvfQ Hq djsnv? h ufkj skf ubjsj pKfnmsq ncJnfmoaD lfb jsv Kfsj,
ksh ubsjv sef Hq sjb? hvQ Hfsh zffr Hqsj vuD dlsq Kfsjb,
ksh rkAf dj ubA?
zffr hstb, skfmfslv nfbsj lfdvlaA-Hsq rkAf jsvf bf, Wslvsj hQ
skfmfslvsj zfdm vuD dlsq Kfdj. dbyq Wslvsj rkAf jvf mrfifi. (jc}
17/31)

zfv mfbcN jvfv Hq sjfb Hq bq. mfbcN jsv osV kctsk syf jvst zffr
nfrfpA jvshb. zffrsj sp Hq jsv zffr kfv ubA nmfLfb nru jsv slb.
(jc} 65/4) kfYfVf jk nfb zmfbcsNv OsvW mfbcNvsi osV sE. sjfbX znDtfq
sj mfbcN rsq pfq, sj htsk ifsv? zfhfv jk hfsiv jmf sYstW zmfbcN rsq
sKsj pfq. hfh kfv iamfB.
nckvfQ deshAfdm hf HAfsnAfdmv mfLAsm hf oHGfwq kcst sIst usmv iK
sjhfsv h jsv slWqf ShL bq. zhwA pdl mdrtfv ianshv nmq lmh rWqfv
(iafB pfWqfv) Hq Kfsj zKhf nDuAfv YfVf kfv ianh bf rq, ksh mb nsev
s[s zokAfq um-ifq dbmGCt jvf ShL rsh.
dj sjhfsv dbmCGt bf jsv djYc nmsqv ubA h vfJf pfq dj bf? D pdl iaskAj
h{nv nfb dlsq lchGt W svfof rsq pfq hf Ob-Ob nfb lfsbv Ist sjfb Dsvfo
kfsj iDdVkf jsv skfst, kfrst eAfhste zfdl hAhrfv jsv lc nfsbv mfsUv
nmqsj djYc tf jvf ShL. v ShLkf vnCt v pcso djYc nfrfhDv zfpXt (nsm
hDpGJtsbv nmq spfbDisKv hfsv hDpGifk jvf) sKsj iamfdBk rq. (dp} 31-33ix},
dlk} 44ix}, Im} 52,93ix}, dthfmf} 26/18,21)

oHGhkDv uDhb pfWqfv zfwf bf rst osHGv 4/5 mfn iv B b jvf hf

oHGifk jvf rfvfm. jfvB, kf uDdhk j ifBrkAfv wfdmt. 4 mfn iCshG sjfb svfo
hf [dkv zfwfq jf iasqfusb ShL.

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nDuAfv jsv nfb ianhW ShL. mfsqv ufb h]fyfsk mxk B zifsvwb jsv shv
jvf Wqfsuh. spmb mxkodHGBDv osHG pdl uDdhk B Kfsj hQ nDuAfv jsv shv
jvst kfv h]fyfv zfwf Kfsj ksh mxkfv nDuAfv ShL; bsy{ bq. (dlk} 46ix}, kfmc} 53-57ix})
sBv hqn 4 mfn iCBG rsq b rst hf jvst kfv zfjDjf jvf m. (dthfmf}
26/34)

idvswsN, zffr njt lidksj dyvncJD jvb. idvhfv srfj ncsJv. dikf-mfkf
srfj zflswGv. nfb srfj hfLA. nQJAfq wcLc bq, hvQ fb-dhfb, Db W ydvs
j jKfq nhGjtAfsB mskv waDhxd srfj.

sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! zfmfslv D W nfbslvsj zfmfslv ubA bqbiaDdkjv hQ
ivsrpofvslv ubA zfmfslvsj zflwGvi hfbfW.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

121

nQsjk-idvdydk W im
fBiD
1. jc} = zftjcvzfb jfvDm.
2. zf} = mcnbfsl zfrml.
3. zfdJdb} = zfrjfmc dJkhfdkb dbjfdr dIt ntfm, Fv wWjk tfqAfb.
4. zflf} = zfhc lfl.
5. zfdb} = ufdm zfrjfdmb dbnf, mcfIf zft zflfhD.
6. zfI} = zfIvfbf, zfk.
7. zfIf} = zfIDjD qf Ifkfkft ntfm, nftmfb zft zflfr.
8. zfhc qftf} = mcnbfl.
9. zfdp} = zflfhcp dpIfI, wfqJ zfthfbD.
10. zfvf} = zfcv vfpfpfj, mcnffI.
11. zfwf} = hsb zfhD wfhfr, mcnffI.
12. kf} = ntfmD kf'tDm, zfcn nftfm hfhD.
13. mf} = hsb mfufr.
14. v = vWqft oftDt, mcrfdn zfthfbD.
15. 'tfmct mczfdb, hbct jfsqAm.
16. dr} = hsb drfb, nrDr.
17. n} = zjfIfk mfzft nvfr, nfhvD wfrDb.
18. djlf} = djkfhcl lfWqfr, hsb hfp.
19. Jfpc}= JfmnCbf pcrvfr dmb rfjdtb bcnXr, zfct zfpDp zftmcjdht.
20. kjf} = kInDv hsb jfnDv.
21. kf} = kfrfhD , mcwdjtct zfnfv.
22. kfh} = kfhfvfbD.
23. kfmc} = kfmhDrfkct mc'dmbfk, nfstr zft Ifpfb.
24. kfpc} = bfpvfk, ID kfzfcdlp pfufk, F} mr} mcndIv zfpXpfrXvfbD.
25. dk} = dkvdmpD.
26. kczf} = kcrIfkct zfvn, mfrmCl mfrlD fctD.
27. lkf} = ltDtck kfdth, ID jXdm bpdvt Jfdkh, mcnfl zft-Ifdtr.
28. dlk} = dvnftfkcb ID dlmfk kfhDqAfdk dtbXdbnf, wfqJ mcrf} zftnfmDb.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

122

29. bf} = bfnf.

30. I} = zft-IfkfWqf zft- ntfdmqAfr, nlD tfmf nQO.
31. Iu} = zft-IfkfWqf zft-udkmfqAfr, hsb hfp, hsb nfmDb
32. I} = IfkfWqf hsb nfmDb.
33. Ifkt hfvD, hsb rfufv zft-zfnjftfbD.
34. Ibf} = IfkfWqf bfpDdvqAfr.
35. Im} = IfkfWqft mfvzfr, hsb nfmDb, zfcfr dhb zft-duhvDb.
36. Imfmc} = IfkfWqft mfvzfdkt mcndtmfr, nqsb zfwvfI zfct mfjnCl.
37. Ifmcdb} = zft-IfkfWqft mcdrmfr, dtdbnft mfr. hsb hfp, hsb
nfmDb, hsb duhvDb.
38. dInc} = dIjn ncfr, nfsql nfshj.
39. hf} = hfrfjD.
40. hc} = hcJfvD.
41. mh} = mfuffkct hdnt ntfdmqAfr.
42. mfbfvn nfhDt, hafrDm pczfqAfb.
43. mfmfmc} = mfndtqfkct mfvzfdkt mcndtmfr, zfcfr zft-ufvfr.
44. mfmc} = zft mfvzfkct mcndtmfr, WqfrXhD nctfmfb zft-zfthfbD.
45. dm} = dmwjfkct mfnfhDr.
46. mc} = mcndtm.
47. mcobD} = zftmcobD, hsb jclfmfr.
48. pfmf} pflct mfzfl, hbct jfsqAm.
49. dp} = zfp-dpWqfu, hsb nfmDb.
50. pDmfmc} = pDbfkct mfvzfdkt mcndtmfr, F} Ifdkmf dnDj bcuCm.
51. vfJc} = tf vffdkt JclCv, zfhc zfbfn zftD.
52. vfIfdb} = zfv-vfnftc zt IfkfWqfb dbnfqAfr, hsb hfp.
53. dthfmf} = dtjft hf-dht mfIkcr, hsb nfmDb.
54. dtwf} = zft-dtjfw wfrvD.
55. nzflf} = nrDr zfhc lfl, zffmf zfthfbD.
56. nmf} = nrDr hsb mfufr, zffmf zfthfbD.
57. nuf} = nrDr zft-uf-dmn nfoDv zdpqflfkcr, zffmf zfthfbD.
58. nkf} = nrDr zffvoDh zfvrDh, zffmf zfthfbD.
59. ndk} = nrDr dkvdmpD, zffmf zfthfbD.
60. nbf} = nrDr bfnf, zffmf zfthfbD.

zflwG dhhfr W lfikA

123

61. dnmcnf} = dnIfkct mc'dmbfdkn nf-dljfr, bfWqft dhX zfcfr.

62. dnn} = zfn-dntdntfkcn nrDrfr, zfthfbD.
63. ncmfmc} = nctCjct mfvzfdkt mcndtmfr, nfdqlD mcrfml wfbjDkD.
64. rf} = rfsjm, mcflvfj.
65. rfrf = ntfm sm] rftft z rfvfm, ncI jfvpfhD, zbchfl, wfmXn iDvpflfr.
66. mf} = jCjct mfvzfdkt mcndtmfr, jWnv zft-mDbfhD.

zbcsvfL

hde zfibfv iVf swN rst

zfidb zivsj irfv dlb
zKhf iVsk dlb.
** LbAhfl **