Appendix 1 - Scales

The following list contains some of the most common scales plus several exotic scales. Each scale has several modes depending upon which note you start. Modes are used predominantly in Jazz and
each has a unique flavour

C SCALES
CDEFGABC

Major

C D D# F G G# B C

Harmonic minor

C D D# F G A B C

Melodic minor

C D E F# G# A# C

Whole tone

C D D# F F# G# A B C

Diminished

CDEGAC

Pentatonic major

C D# F# G A# C

Pentatonic minor

C C# F G A# C

Japanese

C D# F F# A A# C

Blues

C D E F G G# A B C

Bebop

C C# E F F# G# B C

Persian

C D D# F# G G# B C

Hungarian Minor

C D# E F# G A A# C

Hungarian Major

D# G A C D D# G A C

Kumoi

D# G G# C D D# G G# C

Hirojoshi

G G# B C D# E G G# B

Augmented

A# C C# D# E F F# G# A

8 Tone Spanish

G# A# B C C# E F# G# A#

Enigmatic

C# SCALES
C# D# F F# G# A# C C#

Major

C# D# E F# G# A C C#

Harmonic minor

C# D# E F# G# A# C C#

Melodic minor

C# D# F G A B C#

Whole tone

C# D# E F# G A A# C C#

Diminished

C# D# F G# A# C#

Pentatonic major

C# E G G# B C#

Pentatonic minor

C# D F# G# B C#

Japanese

C# E F# G A# B C#

Blues

C# D# F F# G# A A# C C#

Bebop

C# D F F# G A C C#

Persian

C# D# E G G# A C C#

Hungarian Minor

C# E F G G# A# B C#

Hungarian Major

E G# A# C# D# E G# A# C#

Kumoi

E G# A C# D# E G# A C#

Hirojoshi

C# G# A C C# E F G# A

Augmented

C# B C# D E F F# G A A#

8 Tone Spanish

C# A B C C# D F G A B

Enigmatic

D SCALES
D E F# G A B C# D

Major

D E F G A A# C# D

Harmonic minor

D E F G A B C# D

Melodic minor

D E F# G# A# C D

Whole tone

D E F G G# A# B C# D

Diminished

D E F# A B D

Pentatonic major

D F G# A C D

Pentatonic minor

D D# G A C D

Japanese

D F G G# B C D

Blues

D E F# G A A# B C# D

Bebop

D D# F# G G# A# C# D

Persian

D E F G# A A# C# D

Hungarian Minor

D F F# G# A B C D

Hungarian Major

FABDEFABD

Kumoi

F A A# D E F A A# D

Hirojoshi

D A A# C# D F F# A A#

Augmented

D C D D# F F# G G# A# B

8 Tone Spanish

D A# C C# D D# F# G# A# C

Enigmatic

D# SCALES
D# F G G# A# C D D#

Major

D# F F# G# A# B D D#

Harmonic minor

D# F F# G# A# C D D#

Melodic minor

D# F G A B C# D#

Whole tone

D# F F# G# A B C D D#

Diminished

D# F G A# C D#

Pentatonic major

D# F# A A# C# D#

Pentatonic minor

D# E G# A# C# D#

Japanese

D# F# G# A C C# D#

Blues

D# F G G# A# B C D D#

Bebop

D# E G G# A B D D#

Persian

D# F F# A A# B D D#

Hungarian Minor

D# F# G A A# C C# D#

Hungarian Major

F# A# C D# F F# A# C D#

Kumoi

F# A# B D# F F# A# B D#

Hirojoshi

D# A# B D D# F# G A# B

Augmented

D# C# D# E F# G G# A B C

8 Tone Spanish

D# B C# D D# E G A B C#

Enigmatic

E SCALES
E F# G# A B C# D# E

Major

E F# G A B C D# E

Harmonic minor

E F# G A B C# D# E

Melodic minor

E F# G# A# C D E

Whole tone

E F# G A A# C C# D# E

Diminished

E F# G# B C# E

Pentatonic major

E G A# B D E

Pentatonic minor

EFABDE

Japanese

E G A A# C# D E

Blues

E F# G# A B C C# D# E

Bebop

E F G# A A# C D# E

Persian

E F# G A# B C D# E

Hungarian Minor

E G G# A# B C# D E

Hungarian Major

G B C# E F# G B C# E

Kumoi

G B C E F# G B C E

Hirojoshi

E B C D# E G G# B C

Augmented

E D E F G G# A A# C C#

8 Tone Spanish

E C D D# E F G# A# C D

Enigmatic

F SCALES
F G A A# C D E F

Major

F G G# A# C C# E F

Harmonic minor

F G G# A# C D E F

Melodic minor

F G A B C# D# F

Whole tone

F G G# A# B C# D E F

Diminished

FGACDF

Pentatonic major

F G# B C D# F

Pentatonic minor

F F# A# C D# F

Japanese

F G# A# B D D# F

Blues

F G A A# C C# D E F

Bebop

F F# A A# B C# E F

Persian

F G G# B C C# E F

Hungarian Minor

F G# A B C D D# F

Hungarian Major

G# C D F G G# C D F

Kumoi

G# C C# F G G# C C# F

Hirojoshi

F C C# E F G# A C C#

Augmented

F D# F F# G# A A# B C# D

8 Tone Spanish

F C# D# E F F# A B C# D#

Enigmatic

F# SCALES
F# G# A# B C# D# F F#

Major

F# G# A B C# D F F#

Harmonic minor

F# G# A B C# D# F F#

Melodic minor

F# G# A# C D E F#

Whole tone

F# G# A B C D D# F F#

Diminished

F# G# A# C# D# F#

Pentatonic major

F# A C C# E F#

Pentatonic minor

F# G B C# E F#

Japanese

F# A B C D# E F#

Blues

F# G# A# B C# D D# F F#

Bebop

F# G A# B C D F F#

Persian

F# G# A C C# D F F#

Hungarian Minor

F# A A# C C# D# E F#

Hungarian Major

A C# D# F# G# A C# D# F#

Kumoi

A C# D F# G# A C# D F#

Hirojoshi

F# C# D F F# A A# C# D

Augmented

F# E F# G A A# B C D D#

8 Tone Spanish

F# D E F F# G A# C D E

Enigmatic

G SCALES
G A B C D E F# G

Major

G A A# C D D# F# G

Harmonic minor

G A A# C D E F# G

Melodic minor

G A B C# D# F G

Whole tone

G A A# C C# D# E F# G

Diminished

GABDEG

Pentatonic major

G A# C# D F G

Pentatonic minor

G G# C D F G

Japanese

G A# C C# E F G

Blues

G A B C D D# E F# G

Bebop

G G# B C C# D# F# G

Persian

G A A# C# D D# F# G

Hungarian Minor

G A# B C# D E F G

Hungarian Major

A# D E G A A# D E G

Kumoi

A# D D# G A A# D D# G

Hirojoshi

G D D# F# G A# B D D#

Augmented

G F G G# A# B C C# D# E

8 Tone Spanish

G D# F F# G G# B C# D# F

Enigmatic

G# SCALES
G# A# C C# D# F G G#

Major

G# A# B C# D# E G G#

Harmonic minor

G# A# B C# D# F G G#

Melodic minor

G# A# C D E F# G#

Whole tone

G# A# B C# D E F G G#

Diminished

G# A# C D# F G#

Pentatonic major

G# B D D# F# G#

Pentatonic minor

G# A C# D# F# G#

Japanese

G# B C# D F F# G#

Blues

G# A# C C# D# E F G G#

Bebop

G# A C C# D E G G#

Persian

G# A# B D D# E G G#

Hungarian Minor

G# B C D D# F F# G#

Hungarian Major

B D# F G# A# B D# F G#

Kumoi

B D# E G# A# B D# E G#

Hirojoshi

G# D# E G G# B C D# E

Augmented

G# F# G# A B C C# D E F

8 Tone Spanish

G# E F# G G# A C D E F#

Enigmatic

A SCALES
A B C# D E F# G# A

Major

A B C D E F G# A

Harmonic minor

A B C D E F# G# A

Melodic minor

A B C# D# F G A

Whole tone

A B C D D# F F# G# A

Diminished

A B C# E F# A

Pentatonic major

A C D# E G A

Pentatonic minor

A A# D E G A

Japanese

A C D D# F# G A

Blues

A B C# D E F F# G# A

Bebop

A A# C# D D# F G# A

Persian

A B C D# E F G# A

Hungarian Minor

A C C# D# E F# G A

Hungarian Major

C E F# A B C E F# A

Kumoi

CEFABCEFA

Hirojoshi

A E F G# A C C# E F

Augmented

A G A A# C C# D D# F F#

8 Tone Spanish

A F G G# A A# C# D# F G

Enigmatic

A# SCALES
A# C D D# F G A A#

Major

A# C C# D# F F# A A#

Harmonic minor

A# C C# D# F G A A#

Melodic minor

A# C D E F# G# A#

Whole tone

A# C C# D# E F# G A A#

Diminished

A# C D F G A#

Pentatonic major

A# C# E F G# A#

Pentatonic minor

A# B D# F G# A#

Japanese

A# C# D# E G G# A#

Blues

A# C D D# F F# G A A#

Bebop

A# B D D# E F# A A#

Persian

A# C C# E F F# A A#

Hungarian Minor

A# C# D E F G G# A#

Hungarian Major

C# F G A# C C# F G A#

Kumoi

C# F F# A# C C# F F# A#

Hirojoshi

A# F F# A A# C# D F F#

Augmented

A# G# A# B C# D D# E F# G

8 Tone Spanish

A# F# G# A A# B D E F# G#

Enigmatic

B SCALES
B C# D# E F# G# A# B

Major

B C# D E F# G A# B

Harmonic minor

B C# D E F# G# A# B

Melodic minor

B C# D# F G A B

Whole tone

B C# D E F G G# A# B

Diminished

B C# D# F# G# B

Pentatonic major

B D F F# A B

Pentatonic minor

B C E F# A B

Japanese

B D E F G# A B

Blues

B C# D# E F# G G# A# B

Bebop

B C D# E F G A# B

Persian

B C# D F F# G A# B

Hungarian Minor

B D D# F F# G# A B

Hungarian Major

D F# G# B C# D F# G# B

Kumoi

D F# G B C# D F# G B

Hirojoshi

B F# G A# B D D# F# G

Augmented

B A B C D D# E F G G#

8 Tone Spanish

B G A A# B C D# F G A

Enigmatic

Appendix 2 - Chord Chart

The following lists the main Chords for each note. To create variety, chord inversion will create a slightly different sound, e.g. C Major C E G becomes the first inversion E G C and the second inversion
G C E.
C CHORDS
C

Major 3rd

Minor 3rd

D#

Augmented 3

G#

Diminished 3

D#

F#

Major 7

Minor 7

D#

A#

Dominant 7

A#

Augmented 7

G#

Minor/major 7

D#

Diminished 7

D#

F#

Half diminished

D#

F#

A#

C# CHORDS
C#

Major 3rd

C#

G#

C#

Minor 3rd

C#

G#

C#

Augmented 3

C#

C#

Diminished 3

C#

C#

Major 7

C#

G#

C#

Minor 7

C#

G#

C#

Dominant 7

C#

G#

C#

Augmented 7

C#

C#

C#

Minor/major 7

C#

G#

C#

Diminished 7

C#

A#

C#

Half diminished

C#

D CHORDS
D

Major 3rd

F#

Minor 3rd

Augmented 3

F#

A#

Diminished 3

G#

Major 7

F#

C#

Minor 7

Dominant 7

F#

Augmented 7

F#

A#

Minor/major 7

C#

Diminished 7

G#

Half diminished

G#

D# CHORDS
D#

Major 3rd

D#

A#

D#

Minor 3rd

D#

F#

A#

D#

Augmented 3

D#

D#

Diminished 3

D#

F#

D#

Major 7

D#

A#

D#

Minor 7

D#

F#

A#

C#

D#

Dominant 7

D#

A#

C#

D#

Augmented 7

D#

D#

D#

Minor/major 7

D#

F#

A#

D#

Diminished 7

D#

F#

D#

Half diminished

D#

F#

C#

E CHORDS
E

Major 3rd

G#

Minor 3rd

Augmented 3

G#

Diminished 3

A#

Major 7

G#

D#

Minor 7

Dominant 7

G#

Augmented 7

G#

Minor/major 7

D#

Diminished 7

A#

C#

Half diminished

A#

F CHORDS
F

Major 3rd

Minor 3rd

G#

Augmented 3

C#

Diminished 3

G#

Major 7

Minor 7

G#

D#

Dominant 7

D#

Augmented 7

C#

Minor/major 7

G#

Diminished 7

G#

Half diminished

G#

D#

F# CHORDS
F#

Major 3rd

F#

A#

C#

F#

Minor 3rd

F#

C#

F#

Augmented 3

F#

A#

F#

Diminished 3

F#

F#

Major 7

F#

A#

C#

F#

Minor 7

F#

C#

F#

Dominant 7

F#

A#

C#

F#

Augmented 7

F#

A#

F#

F#

Minor/major 7

F#

C#

F#

Diminished 7

F#

D#

F#

Half diminished

F#

G CHORDS
G

Major 3rd

Minor 3rd

A#

Augmented 3

D#

Diminished 3

A#

C#

Major 7

F#

Minor 7

A#

Dominant 7

Augmented 7

D#

Minor/major 7

A#

F#

Diminished 7

A#

C#

Half diminished

A#

C#

G# CHORDS
G#

Major 3rd

G#

D#

G#

Minor 3rd

G#

D#

G#

Augmented 3

G#

G#

Diminished 3

G#

G#

Major 7

G#

D#

G#

Minor 7

G#

D#

F#

G#

Dominant 7

G#

D#

F#

G#

Augmented 7

G#

G#

G#

Minor/major 7

G#

D#

G#

Diminished 7

G#

G#

Half diminished

G#

F#

A CHORDS
A

Major 3rd

C#

Minor 3rd

Augmented 3

C#

Diminished 3

D#

Major 7

C#

G#

Minor 7

Dominant 7

C#

Augmented 7

C#

Minor/major 7

G#

Diminished 7

D#

F#

Half diminished

D#

A# CHORDS
A#

Major 3rd

A#

A#

Minor 3rd

A#

C#

A#

Augmented 3

A#

F#

A#

Diminished 3

A#

C#

A#

Major 7

A#

A#

Minor 7

A#

C#

G#

A#

Dominant 7

A#

G#

A#

Augmented 7

A#

F#

A#

A#

Minor/major 7

A#

C#

A#

Diminished 7

A#

C#

A#

Half diminished

A#

C#

G#

B CHORDS
B

Major 3rd

D#

F#

Minor 3rd

F#

Augmented 3

D#

Diminished 3

Major 7

D#

F#

A#

Minor 7

F#

Dominant 7

D#

F#

Augmented 7

D#

Minor/major 7

F#

A#

Diminished 7

G#

Half diminished

Appendix 2b - Chord Progression Chart

The Chord Progression Chart can be used to assist with creating simple and complex chord progressions. To increase the range of chords available, use substitution, e.g. reverse the polarity, flatten the
first note of the chord etc.
C

Scale Degree of C Major

II

III

IV

VI

VII

Scale Note

Chord

D Min

E Min

A Min

B Dim

CEG

DFA

EGB

FAC

GBD

ACE

BDF

Scale Degree of C Min

II

III

IV

VI

VII

Scale Note

Eb

Ab

Bb

Chord

C Min

D Dim

Eb

F Min

G Min

Ab

Bb

C Eb G

D F Ab

Eb G Bb

F Ab C

G Bb D

Ab C Eb

Bb D F

Scale Degree of C Major 7

II

III

IV

VI

VII

Scale Note

Chord

D Min

E Min

A Min

B Dim

CEGB

DFAC

EGBD

FACE

G B D F#

ACEG

B D F G#

Scale Degree of C Min 7

II

III

IV

VI

VII

Scale Note

C Min 7

D Dim 7

Eb 7

F Min 7

G Min 7

Ab7

Bb7

Chord

C Eb G B

D F Ab B

Eb G Bb Db

F Ab C Eb

G Bb D F

Ab C Eb Gb

Bb D F Ab

Scale Degree of D Major

II

III

IV

VI

VII

Scale Note

F#

Chord

E Min

F# Min

B Min

C Dim

D F# A

EGB

F# A C

GBD

A C# E

B D F#

C D# F#

Scale Degree of D Min

II

III

IV

VI

VII

Scale Note

Bb

Chord

D Min

E Dim

G Min

A Min

Bb

DFA

E G Bb

FAC

G Bb D

ACE

Bb D F

CEG

Scale Degree of E Major

II

III

IV

VI

VII

Scale Note

F#

G#

C#

D#

Chord

F# Min

G# Min

C# Min

D# Dim

E G# B

F# A C#

G# B D#

A C# E

B D# F#

C# G E#

D# F# A#

Scale Degree of E Min

II

III

IV

VI

VII

Scale Note

F#

Chord

E Min

F# Dim

A Min

B Min

EGB

F# A C

GBD

ACE

B D F#

CEG

D F# A

Scale Degree of F Major

II

III

IV

VI

VII

Scale Note

Bb

Chord

G Min

A Min

Bb

D Min

E Dim

FAC

G Bb D

ACE

Bb D F

CEG

DFA

E G Bb

Scale Degree of F Min

II

III

IV

VI

VII

Scale Note

Ab

Bb

Db

Eb

Chord

F Min

G Dim

Ab

B b Min

C Min

Db

Eb

F Ab C

G Bb Db

Ab C Eb

Bb Db F

C Eb G

Bb F Ab

Db G Bb

Scale Degree of G Major

II

III

IV

VI

VII

Scale Note

F#

Chord

A Min

B Min

E Min

F# Dim

GBD

ACE

B D F#

CEG

D F# A

EGB

F# A C

Scale Degree of G Min

II

III

IV

VI

VII

Scale Note

Bb

Eb

Chord

G Min

A Dim

Bb

C Min

D Min

Eb

G Bb D

A C Eb

Bb D F

C Eb G

DFA

Db G Bb

FAC

Scale Degree of A Major

II

III

IV

VI

VII

Scale Note

C#

F#

G#

Chord

B Min

C# Min

F# Min

G# Dim

A C# E

B D F#

C# G E#

D F# A

E G# B

F# A C

G# B D

Scale Degree of A Min

II

III

IV

VI

VII

Scale Note

Chord

A Min

B Dim

D Min

E Min

ACE

BDF

CEG

DFA

EGB

FAC

GBD

Scale Degree of B Major

II

III

IV

VI

VII

Scale Note

C#

Eb

F#

G#

Bb

Chord

C# Min

Eb Min

F#

G# Min

Bb Dim

B D# F#

C# G E#

Eb F# Bb

E G# B

F# Bb C#

C# A D#

Bb C# E

Scale Degree of B Min

II

III

IV

VI

VII

Scale Note

C#

F#

Chord

B Min

C# Dim

E Min

F# Min

B D F#

C# E G

D F# A

EGB

F# A C

GBD

A C# E

Appendix 3 Chord Progression in Pro Songs

The following Chord Progressions have been analysed from many popular songs, including Dark D&B, Funky House and Breakbeat.

Dark 1
1

C Eb G

C Eb G

C Eb G
b
C# F G#

4
I

II

III

IV

VI

VII

C Min

D Dim

Eb

F Min

G Min

Ab

Bb

C Eb G

D F Ab

Eb G Bb

F Ab C

G Bb D

Ab C Eb

Bb D F

C Minor

Dark 2

DFA

DFA

C Eb G

C Eb G
I

II

III

IV

VI

VII

C Min

D Dim

Eb

F Min

G Min

Ab

Bb

C Eb G

D F Ab

Eb G Bb

F Ab C

G Bb D

Ab C Eb

Bb D F

C Min

Euphoric 1

C Eb G

2
3

Ab C Eb
C Eb G

Ab C Eb

Bb D F

Bb D F
I

II

III

IV

VI

VII

C Min

D Dim

Eb

F Min

G Min

Ab

Bb

C Eb G

D F Ab

Eb G Bb

F Ab C

G Bb D

Ab C Eb

Bb D F

C Minor

Euphoric 2

C Eb G

G Bb D

G Bb D

Ab C Eb
I

II

III

IV

VI

VII

C Min

D Dim

Eb

F Min

G Min

Ab

Bb

C Eb G

D F Ab

Eb G Bb

F Ab C

G Bb D

Ab C Eb

Bb D F

C minor

Euphoric 3

C Eb G

Ab C Eb

G Bb D

Ab C Eb

Ab C Eb

C Eb G

Ab C Eb

G Bb D

9
10

Ab C Eb
C Eb G
I

II

III

IV

VI

VII

C Min

D Dim

Eb

F Min

G Min

Ab

Bb

C Eb G

D F Ab

Eb G Bb

F Ab C

G Bb D

Ab C Eb

Bb D F

C Minor

Euphoric 4
1

C Eb G
b
Bb D F

2
3

Ab C Eb

Ab C Eb
I

II

III

IV

VI

VII

C Min

D Dim

Eb

F Min

G Min

Ab

Bb

C Eb G

D F Ab

Eb G Bb

F Ab C

G Bb D

Ab C Eb

Bb D F

C Minor

Euphoric 5

1
2

ACE
CEG

3
4

DFA
CEG
I

II

III

IV

VI

VII

C Maj

D Min

E Min

F Maj

G Maj

A Min

B Dim

CEG

DFA

EGB

FAC

GBD

ACE

BDF

C Major

Euphoric 6

Ab C Eb

Ab C Eb

C Eb G

C Eb G
I

II

III

IV

VI

VII

C Min

D Dim

Eb

F Min

G Min

Ab

Bb

C Eb G

D F Ab

Eb G Bb

F Ab C

G Bb D

Ab C Eb

Bb D F

C Minor

Euphoric 7

1
2

Bb D F
C Eb G

3
4

Bb D F
C Eb G
I

II

III

IV

VI

VII

C Min

D Dim

Eb

F Min

G Min

Ab

Bb

C Eb G

D F Ab

Eb G Bb

F Ab C

G Bb D

Ab C Eb

Bb D F

C Minor

Funky 1
1

C Eb G B

C Eb G B

Ab C Eb Gb

Bb D F Ab
I

II

III

IV

VI

VII

C Min 7

D Dim 7

Eb 7

F Min 7

G Min 7

Ab7

Bb7

C Eb G B

D F Ab B

Eb G Bb Db

F Ab C Eb

G Bb D F

Ab C Eb Gb

Bb D F Ab

C Minor 7

Funky 2
1

C Eb G

C Eb G B

G Bb D

G Bb D F
I

II

III

IV

VI

VII

C Min

D Dim

Eb

F Min

G Min

Ab

Bb

C Eb G

D F Ab

Eb G Bb

F Ab C

G Bb D

Ab C Eb

Bb D F

C Minor

Funky 3
1

CEG
b
Eb G Bb

2
3

FAC
b
Ab B Eb

4
I

II

III

IV

VI

VII

D Min

E Min

A Min

B Dim

CEG

DFA

EGB

FAC

GBD

ACE

BDF

C Major

Funky 4
1

CEGB
inv
G A# D F

2
3

DFAC
inv
G A# D F

4
I

II

III

IV

VI

VII

D Min

E Min

A Min

B Dim

CEGB

DFAC

EGBD

FACE

G B D F#

ACEG

B D F G#

C Maj 7

Funky 5
1

b
F# A# C#

b
F# A# C#

3
4

FAC
CEG
I

II

III

IV

VI

VII

D Min

E Min

A Min

B Dim

CEG

DFA

EGB

FAC

GBD

ACE

BDF

C Maj

Funky 6

b
Bb D F

1
2

DFA

CEG

CEG
I

II

III

IV

VI

VII

D Min

E Min

A Min

B Dim

CEG

DFA

EGB

FAC

GBD

ACE

BDF

C Major

Funky 7
1

C Eb G B

C Eb G B

C Eb G B

Eb G Bb D
I

II

III

IV

VI

VII

C Min 7

D Dim 7

Eb 7

F Min 7

G Min 7

Ab7

Bb7

C Eb G B

D F Ab B

Eb G Bb Db

F Ab C Eb

G Bb D F

Ab C Eb Gb

Bb D F Ab

C Min 7

Funky 8
1

G Bb D F

Ab C Eb Gb

3
4

Bb D F Ab
C Eb G B
I

II

III

IV

VI

VII

C Min 7

D Dim 7

Eb 7

F Min 7

G Min 7

Ab7

Bb7

C Eb G B

D F Ab B

Eb G Bb Db

F Ab C Eb

G Bb D F

Ab C Eb Gb

Bb D F Ab

C Minor 7

Appendix 5 - Song Arrangement

The following examples of Song Arrangement have been extracted from popular Breaks, DnB artists and Hip Artists.