Market Potential For Solar Water Pumping System and Cost Benefit Analysis of Diesel vs. Solar Pump - Research Thesis Report

Market Potential for Solar Water Pumping System and
Cost Benefit Analysis of Diesel vs. Solar Pump
Submitted By- Kevin Kovadia (AM0712)

Internal Guide- Dr. Mercy Samuel
External Guide- Mr. Nilesh Arora
MBA in Technology Management,

Faculty of Management, CEPT University, Ahmedabad - 380009
www.cept.ac.in
June 2014
CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ kkovadia@gmail.com
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis titled Market Potential for Solar Water Pumping
System and Cost Benefit Analysis of Diesel vs. Solar Pump has been
submitted by Kevin Kovadia towards partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
award of MBA in Technology Management with specialization in Operations and
Project Management. This is a bonafide work of the student and has not been
submitted to any other university for award of any Degree/Diploma.
Dr. /Prof. ____________

Chairman/Chairperson,
Dissertation Committee 2012-14
Sign._______________
Internal Guide
Dr. Mercy Samuel,
Associate Professor,
Faculty of Management,
CEPT University
Sign._______________
External Guide
Mr. Nilesh Arora,
Partner,
ADDVALUE Consulting Inc.
www.avci-lean.com
2
UNDERTAKING
I, Kevin Kovadia, the author of the thesis titled Market Potential for Solar Water
Pumping System and Cost Benefit Analysis of Diesel vs. Solar Pump,
hereby declare that this is an independent work of mine, carried out towards partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of MBA Degree in Technology
Management with specialization in Operations and Project Management at Faculty
of Management, CEPT University, Ahmedabad. This work has not been submitted
to any other institution for the award of any Degree/Diploma.
June 2014
Name: Kevin Kovadia
Place: Ahmedabad
Roll No: AM0712

3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Many people have contributed to this research work. First and foremost, I express
my sincerest gratitude to my internal guide, Dr. Mercy Samuel, Associate
Professor,
Faculty
of
Management,
CEPT University. She has provided
continuous support to my research work.
sincerely
thank
her
for
her
patience, motivation, enthusiasm and immense knowledge.

I convey my sincerest gratitude to Professor Mr. Nilesh Arora, Partner - Director,
ADDVALUE Consulting Inc. His guidance has helped me in all the time of
research and writing of the research report. I could not imagine anyone else as
a
better
advisor
and mentor for my research thesis other than him.
Furthermore my earnest thanks to Dr. Gayatri Doctor and Prof. Shreekant Iyenger,
who shared their knowledge during the entire course.
I convey my special thanks to all the interviewees without whom this research
work could not be termed as a research thesis. I also thank the solar water pump
manufacturers from whom I got details about farmers using solar water pump.
Their patience and valuable time devoted to my research work are highly
respected.
I also acknowledge the support & encouragement of my friends and colleagues
throughout the course of my work. Last but not the least; I convey my heartfelt
thanks to my family for their unwavering support and patience during the course of
my thesis work. Lastly, I offer my regards to all of those who supported me in all
respect during the completion of my thesis.
ABBREVIATION
SWP
Solar Water Pump
MNRE
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
PVP
Photo Voltaic Pump
PV
Photovoltaic
AC
Alternate Current
DC
Direct Current
JNNSM
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
RKVY
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana
GDP
Gross domestic product
GHG
Greenhouse gas
JGS
Jyotirgram Scheme
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction.............................................................................................. 10
1.1
Indian Pump Industry Overview ........................................................... 11
1.2
Pump Market in India .......................................................................... 12
1.3
Agriculture in India .............................................................................. 12
1.4
Solar Water Pump .............................................................................. 14
1.5
Why Solar .......................................................................................... 16
1.6
Why SWP? ........................................................................................ 17
1.7
Market Potential ................................................................................. 19
1.8
Costbenefit analysis (CBA) ................................................................ 19
1.9
Research Objective ............................................................................ 20
Literature review ...................................................................................... 21

2.1
Electricity Consumption in Agriculture sector ........................................ 22
2.2
Water Resources in Gujarat ................................................................ 23
2.3
Solar Power as substitute of Diesel ...................................................... 23
2.4
The off-grid system ............................................................................. 26
2.5
Solar Water Pump .............................................................................. 26
2.6
Government Subsidy for Solar Water Pump ......................................... 28
2.7
Market Potential of SWP ..................................................................... 31
Research Methodology ............................................................................. 33

3.1
Need of the Study ............................................................................... 34
3.2
Primary Survey................................................................................... 34
6

3.3
4
Limitation of study............................................................................... 34
Cost Benefit Analysis of Diesel vs. Solar Water Pump ................................ 35

4.1
Costing Assumptions: ......................................................................... 36
4.2
Scenario 0 ......................................................................................... 37
4.3
Scenario 1 ......................................................................................... 38
4.4
Scenario 2 ......................................................................................... 39
4.5
Scenario 3 ......................................................................................... 40
Conclusion............................................................................................... 42
Bibliography ............................................................................................. 43
Appendix ................................................................................................. 46
7.1
List of Solar PV Water Pumping Systems Tested and Qualified at Solar
Energy Center during the year 2012-13 ......................................................... 47

7.2
List of Questions and Responses during SWP User Interview................ 51
7.3
List of Images of Site location where Interview conducted of SWP Users
during Thesis Research ............................................................................... 56

7.3.1
1st Interview site location ............................................................... 56
7.3.2
2nd Interview site location .............................................................. 57
7.3.3
3rd Interview site location............................................................... 58
7.3.4
4th Interview site location ............................................................... 59
7.3.5
5th Interview site location ............................................................... 60
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Solar, Diesel & Conventional Power Comparison ................................. 17

Figure 2 Conventional vs. Solar Power generation process ............................... 24
Figure 3 Technical Specifications of Solar Submersible DC Pump ..................... 28
Figure 4 Impacts of the Jyotigram scheme on different stakeholder groups ...... 29
Figure 5 Breakeven Point in Scenario 0............................................................ 37
Figure 10 Site location of Solar Water Pump User (1) near Hirapur Chokdi ......... 56
Figure 13 Site location of Solar Water Pump User (4) near Palanpur .................. 59
Figure 14 Site location of Solar Water Pump User (5) near Ghamij Village .......... 60
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Pump Market in India Highlights........................................................... 11

Table 2 Challenges and Potential Solutions of Solar water pump ....................... 32
Table 3 5hp Diesel Pump Costing Assumptions ................................................ 36
Table 4 5hp SWP Costing With and Without 30% Subsidy................................. 36
Table 5 5hp Diesel Pump Costing (Scenario 0) ................................................. 37
Table 9 Comparison of break-even point in each scenario of SWP Usage .......... 41
Introduction
10
1.1 Indian Pump Industry Overview

A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by
mechanical action. Pump is not a new concept in the Indian industry. In fact, the
Pichkari which Lord Krishna and his playmates used for splashing coloured water
on Gopies, can be termed as the oldest reference to a pump concept, especially of
the reciprocating plunger type. Thus, pumps must be an Indian invention, but
commercial production of pumps in India, as contemporarily understood, is quoted
to be way back in the first decade of twentieth century (Amin).
The Indian Pump industry has more than 800 manufacturers with worker strength
of over 40,000 producing about 5 million pumps annually. Indian market for pump
is estimated to be Rs.5000 Crores growing at an annual rate of 8% significantly
higher than the global rate of 4% in FY 12. The Pumps industry in India is more
than seven decades old. Though it has a turnover of Rs 5000 crore the size is not
even 10 per cent of the size of USA market. The industry meets 95 per cent of the
domestic demand.
Year
FY 2012
FY 2013
Estimated Market (in Rs)
5000 Cr
8375 Cr
Annual Growth rate
8%
12%
No. of Pump Manufacturers
800+
800+
% of Demand meet by Domestic

Manufacturers
95%
95%
Table 1 Pump Market in India Highlights

Source: (Singhi_Advisors, 2011), (TATA , 2013)
11
1.2 Pump Market in India

Exports have been a regular feature of Indian pump industry for years. Indian
pumps have reached more than sixty countries around the world including
developed countries. India exported Pump sets worth 400 Crs in FY 11. Indian
pump industry is characterized by the coexistence of large number of Small &
Medium units, some large manufacturers and plenty of foreign manufacturers.
Coimbatore is the leading hub for pump manufacturing followed by Ahmedabad

and Rajkot. India is the outsourcing hub of the manufacturers abroad who have
found India to be not only a cheap source of skilled labor but also the market to be
an expansive one. Contribution of Agricultural and domestic industry to total pump
sales is higher in India compared to global standards. (Singhi_Advisors, 2011)
The following are major player in Indian pump Industry like,

KSB, Kirloskar, Texmo, Crompton, CRI, Jyoti, Lubi, Duke Etc.
1.3 Agriculture in India

Agriculture is a key sector in India that employs two-thirds of the countrys work
force and continues to be a significant contributor to the GDP, 20% in 2005
(MOSPI, 2007b).
Water is becoming increasingly scarce in many parts of the world and thereby
limiting agricultural development. The capacity of large countries like India to
efficiently develop and manage water resources is likely to be a key determinant
for global food security in the 21st century. (K Palanisami, 2011)
12
Figure 1 Solar Water Pump (SWP) Block Diagram

Source: Self Compiled
13

Since agriculture is the major water-consuming sector in India, demand
management in agriculture in water-scarce and water-stressed regions would be
central to reduce the aggregate demand for water to match the available future
supplies. (K Palanisami, 2011)
It is estimated that 80 per cent of the freshwater in India is used for agriculture and
a major portion (70%) of this is based on groundwater irrigation. Nearly 88 per
cent of the total minor irrigation schemes in India are pump-based (MoWR, 2013).
Though pump sets are important for livelihoods, they also contribute to the GHG
emissions since a significant percentage of them rely on diesel.
1.4 Solar Water Pump

Solar power operated water pumping system is used pump the water in remote
place where the electric power is not available, it is a renewable energy technic
where no cost for the electricity, A solar cell, a form of photovoltaic cell, is a device
that uses the photoelectric effect to generate electricity from light, thus generating
solar power (energy). Most often, many cells are linked together to form a solar
panel with increased voltage and/or current. Solar cells produce direct current
(DC), which can be used directly, converted in Alternate Current (AC), or stored in
a battery.
The first phase of market development for solar PV water pumping in India goes
back to 1993-94.The programme of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
(MNRE), then known as Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources, aimed for
deployment of 50,000 solar PV water pumping systems for irrigation and drinking
water across the country. MNRE provided the financial assistance required for
subsidizing the capital and interest cost of the solar pumps. (GIZ, 2013)
14
Figure 2 Solar Submersible Pump Diagram

Source: (taiyosolar.in)
Some years ago there were PVP models on the market that operated with
batteries and a conventional inverter. However it was soon realised that the cost
savings on the pump did not make up for the overall substandard efficiency and
the higher maintenance cost due to battery replacements. Instead it became clear
that it is more economical to rather store water in a reservoir than electricity in a
battery bank. (EmCON, 2006)
15

In several villages, the bore wells are now utilized as a dual source and the
operational hours have been reduced. Based on a random survey, it has been
observed that a significant saving has been achieved in electricity consumption
that is now available for alternative uses, proving to be an eco-friendly
achievement. Solar pumps have also been commissioned in 260 villages in the
State and about 200 more solar pumping systems will be installed in the near
future. In various parts of the State, including coastal and tribal areas, roof top
rainwater harvesting structures have also been taken up in public buildings,
schools and individual household level, which is also resulting in substantial
electricity savings. Comprehensive energy audits for various group water supply
schemes have also resulted in energy savings. (Gupta, 2011)
1.5 Why Solar

In India 80% of the electricity is produced by coal which is a nonrenewable source. Electricity whatever produced is very less than the need for
electricity.
By this many of the companies, industries, organizations, common
people are facing severe power cuts. Because of this insufficient power supply for
the agriculture sector, output of the crop is reducing every year. This scarcity of
the power is creating major problems in small scale industries which logistics are
totally depended on power.
Solar power is one of the best nonpolluting energy sources. India being at best
geographical location receives nearly 300 to 320 days good sunny days. Among
the solar power sources, solar Photovoltaic (PV) is one the matured power
systems. If the industry develops and spread the Solar PV power packs to be
installed at different places especially on buildings (commercial, public and
institutional), industries, and also on various barren lands like hilly slopes, and
desert areas. (Somasekhar. G, 2014)
16
16
Cost (Rs) (Per KWh)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2011
Solar PV
2013
2015
2017
Conventional Power
2019
2021
Diesel Gen. Set
Figure 1 Solar, Diesel & Conventional Power Comparison

Source: Headway Solar (P) Ltd.
1.6 Why SWP?

To grow the product where the grid energy doesn't reach in the hands the PV
system plays important role in developing country like India. Another important
reason
of using PV based pumping systems is: conventional electricity not
supplied in sufficient time (6-8 hour supplied to farmers in Rajasthan India), the
cost of conventional energy, government subsidy in solar pumping systems and
it is difficult to extend the electric grid to every location where it is needed for
every farmer. (Shiv Lal, 2013)
17

Erratic power supply and frequent grid failures are typical in most part of rural
India. Farmers have a diesel pump or diesel run generator as an alternative
to minimize the risk of crop failure due to discontinued water supply. As an
alternative to expensive rural electricity grids and inefficient conversion of fossil
fuels, renewable energies can contribute to solving this problem. (Shamaila Zia,
2012)
According to TATAs Strategic Report on Indian Pumps and Industrial Valves

Market, Likely scenario of Pumps market over next five years:
1. Minimal technological advancements; low R&D investment
2. Reduction in profit margins due to increasing raw material prices and
operation in a price- sensitive market
3. Competition from low-cost Chinese Imports
4. Manufacturers will be expected to provide integrated solution (motors,
seals, valves, drivers, after-sales service and technical support)
5. Some degree of consolidation of the market
Source: (TATA , 2013)
18
1.7 Market Potential

Market Potential is the estimated maximum total Sales/Revenue of all suppliers of
product in market during a certain period.
Estimating Market Potential (MP) = N P Q
Estimating Market Potential (MP) of firm A = N P Q MS 2

Where,
MP
N
P
Q
MS
= market potential
= total number of potential consumers
= average selling price
= average annual consumption
= market share (%) of consumers buying from firm A
1.8 Costbenefit analysis (CBA)

CBA is a systematic process for calculating and comparing benefits and costs of a
project, decision or government policy. It involves comparing the total expected
cost of each option against the total expected benefits, to see whether the benefits
compensate the costs, and by how much.
CBA has two purposes:
1) To determine if it is a sound investment/decision
2) To provide a basis for comparing projects
Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) estimates and totals up the equivalent money value
of the benefits and costs to the community of projects to establish whether they
are worthwhile. 3
1 . http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/market-potential.html
2 . http://plantsforhumanhealth.ncsu.edu/extension/marketready/pdfs-ppt/business_development_files/PDF/estimating_market_potential.pdf
3 http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/cba.htm
19
1.9 Research Objective

1
The objective of this study is to analyze market potential of solar water pumps.
To analyze what is the need of Solar Water Pump.
To conduct a comparative cost benefit analysis among Diesel vs. Solar Water
Pump.
20
Literature review
21
2.1 Electricity Consumption in Agriculture sector

Gujarat energy minister Saurabh Patel says the government has promised 10
hours of electricity to farmers for agricultural purposes and is delivering on it.
However, Praful Senjaliya, a farmer leader in Saurashtra associated with the
Bharatiya Kisan Sangh, disagrees. "Farmers have never got 10 hours electricity.
As it is, we don't need much power because of drought-like situation. But the main
problem is that electricity that is supplied for around five to eight hours is only at
night and odd times. We have requested the government often to provide
electricity in the day," he says (The Times of India, 2013).
Despite massive public investments in canal irrigation, Gujarat agriculture has

come to depend heavily on irrigation with wells and tube wells. During the 1950s
and 1960s, farmers used mostly diesel engines to pump groundwater. However,
as rural electrification progressed, they began switching to submersible electric
pumps, especially as diesel pumps are unable to chase declining water levels.
Major expansion in the use of electric pumps occurred during the late 1980s as the
Gujarat Electricity Board (GEB) changed to flat tariffs linked to the horse power of
pumps. Until 1988, farmers were charged based on the metered use of electricity.
However, as electric tube wells increased to hundreds of thousands, rampant
corruption began to plague meter reading and billing. Farmers also complained
about the tyranny and arbitrariness of the GEBs meter readers. (Tushaar Shah,
pp. 1-18)
22
2.2 Water Resources in Gujarat

Gujarat has just 2.28% of Indias water resources and 6.39% of countrys
geographical area. This is again constrained by imbalances in intra-state
distribution. The State has an average annual rainfall of 80 cm with a high
coefficient of variance over time and space and as a result droughts have been
frequent. Out of 185 rivers, the State has only eight perennial rivers and all of them
are located in southern part. Around 80% of the States surface water resources
are concentrated in central and southern Gujarat, whereas the remaining threequarters of the State have only 20%. (Gupta, 2011)
Since 2000, however, all available evidence suggests that the regions ground
water economy has begun shrinking in response to a growing energy squeeze.
This energy squeeze is a combined outcome of three factors:
a) Progressive reduction in the quantity and quality of power supplied by
power utilities to agriculture as a desperate means to contain farm
power subsidies;
b) Growing difficulty and rising capital cost of acquiring new electricity
connections for tube wells; and
c) An eight-fold increase in the nominal price of diesel during 1990-2007
(a period during which the nominal rice price rose by less than 50 %).
(Shah T. , 2008)
2.3 Solar Power as substitute of Diesel

A complex set of factors such as global warming, increasing competitive land use,
and the growing mismatch between energy demand and supply is creating new
challenges for the vast agrarian population in India. Diesel for running irrigation
pumps is often beyond the means of economically marginalized farmers.
23

Insufficient Irrigation can lead to crop damage, reducing yields and diminishing
income. Environment-friendly, low-maintenance photovoltaic pumping systems
offer new possibilities for pumping irrigation water. (GIZ, 2013)
Figure 2 Conventional vs. Solar Power generation process

(Image Credit: Sunible.com)
24

Solar energy technologies have long been used in the areas of solar heating, solar
photovoltaic, solar thermal electricity, and solar architecture. Energy shortages
and increasing energy prices are two of the most urgent problems we face today.
One desirable solution to the energy shortage problem is renewable energy, and
solar energy is one of the cleanest and most efficient energy sources. Solar panels
are among the most common methods of harvesting solar energy from solar
radiation, which accounts for a large portion of available renewable energy. (Hu,
2012)
According to Mr. Santosh Kamath, Executive Director of KPMG, Decentralized

systems benefit from lower network losses as power does not have to be
transported over long distances. These include applications such as solar rooftop
systems, solar-powered agriculture pump sets, solar lighting systems and solarpowered telecom towers (KPMG, 2011).
Several studies have indicated that the capital cost of solar is significantly
more expensive than a diesel powered system but this is not the case. Solar
pumps tended to replace larger capacity submersible pump and generator of
comparable or greater cost. This is a result of a common tendency to oversize
generators and pumps, a bigger is better mentality which persists not just
within communities but also within District Water Offices and agencies who
supply the equipment.
There are also other capital investment and running
costs for generators that are not required for solar. (Brian McSorley, 2011)
25
2.4 The off-grid system

An off-grid solar PV power system is the standalone system provides
uninterrupted power to the customer when sun is available. Off-grid system
requires the battery storage and Inverter to get the AC power. The solar PV power
inverter and batteries shall have limited life and supposed to be replaced at fixed
intervals say after 10 years.
Advantages:
1. One time truthful Investment
2. Solar power Grid system comes without noise and pollution
3. After payback period owner can enjoy absolutely free of cost
4. For this grid system diesel is not required
(Somasekhar. G, 2014)
2.5 Solar Water Pump

Irrigation
advantage
water
pumping
Solar
Photovoltaic
(SPV)
theoretically
has an
in meeting the needs of remote communities because of the high
distribution costs of grid-power to this market and the competitive position with
respect to diesel has improved with the recent rising oil prices. A surface
pump powered with a 1.8 kWp PV array can deliver about 140,000 liters of water
on a clear sunny day from a total head of 10 meters. This quantity of water drawn
has been found to meet the irrigation requirement of 5-8 acres of land by
using improved techniques for water distribution. (Amit Jain, 2012)
In rural and/or undeveloped areas where there is no power grid and more water is
needed than what hand or foot pumps can deliver, the choices for powering
pumps are usually solar or a fuel driven engine, usually diesel. There are very
distinct differences between the two power sources in terms of cost and reliability.
26

Diesel pumps are typically characterized by a lower first cost but a very high
operation and maintenance cost. Solar is the opposite, with a higher first cost but
very low ongoing operation and maintenance costs. In terms of reliability, it is
much easier (and cheaper) to keep a solar-powered system going than it is a
diesel engine. This is evident in field where diesel engines lie rusting and unused
by the thousands and solar pumps sometimes run for years without anyone
touching them. (SELF, 2008)
The solar pump has a unique cost structure with very high capital investment and
near-zero marginal cost of pumping. This makes it very similar to electric pump
owners who face high flat tariff but unlimited use of power (when available) at zero
marginal cost. This cost structure will drive away small farmers who want to
irrigate only their own little field; but it is ideal for potential ISPs. A solar -pump
driven groundwater economy will also promote competitive groundwater markets
with highly beneficial outcomes for water buyers who will gain even more with
buried pipeline distribution networks such as those obtaining in central Gujarat
(Shah, 1993).
Solar pumps offer a clean and simple alternative to fuel-burning engines and
generators for domestic water, livestock and irrigation. They are most effective
during dry and sunny seasons. They require no fuel deliveries, and very little
maintenance. Solar pumps are powered by photovoltaic (solar electric) panels and
the flow rate is determined by the intensity of the sunlight. Solar panels have no
moving parts, and most have a warranty of at least 20 years. Most solar pumps
operate without the use of storage batteries. Solar pumps must be optimally
selected for the task at hand, in order to minimize the power required, and thus the
cost of the system. (lorentz, 2008)
27

The following figure indicates, Indicative Technical Specifications of Solar Deep
well (submersible) Pumping Systems:
(With D.C. Motor Pump Set with Brushes or Brush less D.C. (B.L.D.C.))
Figure 3 Technical Specifications of Solar Submersible DC Pump
Source: (MNRE, 2013, p. 10)
2.6 Government Subsidy for Solar Water Pump

With the launch of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) in 2010,
the solar water pumping programme of the MNRE was integrated with the off-grid
and decentralized component of the JNNSM. There under, solar PV water
Pumping Systems are currently eligible for a financial support of 30% subsidy,
28

subject to a benchmark price of Rs. 190 per peak watt (Wp) from MNRE. Several
states such as Rajasthan, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra,
Tamil Nadu and Bihar have taken up initiatives to implement solar PV water
pumping programs using the financial assistance of JNNSM and funds available
from the respective state governments (GIZ, 2013).
A SPV Pumping System installation program has been taken up by the
Horticulture Department of the Government of Rajasthan (GOR). Applicants may
avail of an 86% subsidy from the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
(JNNSM) and the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY). MNRE is providing
30% subsidy under the JNNSM, while the Government of Rajasthan through
the RKVY makes the remaining 56% available. This is a special scheme by GOR.
For other states only MNRE is providing 30% subsidy under the JNNSM. Only
7334 solar PV water pumps having been installed across the country, as of March
2010 (Amit Jain, 2012).
The following figure is based on assessment of the impacts of JGS on different

stakeholder groups in Gujarat.
Figure 4 Impacts of the Jyotigram scheme on different stakeholder groups

29

Source: (Tushaar Shah, pp. 327-344)
Solar-powered agriculture pump sets:
Currently, the agriculture category which uses power for irrigation pumps
contributes around 20 percent of the total power demand of India. The grid
power tariff to agriculture segment is heavily subsidized. The power supply
is staggered and the network performance inefficient in most cases.
Moreover, the subsidy burden is increasing due to the increase in

conventional power costs thus negatively impacting the financial health of
the State and power utilities.
Furthermore, there are a large number of agriculture pump sets that

currently use diesel power where there is no grid connection available.
As cost curves come down, solar power is well suited as an alternative

solution to meet the power requirements of the agriculture segment.
Besides being a clean and convenient source of power, solar power can
reduce the subsidy burden on the Government.
To start with diesel, pump sets could be replaced by solar-powered pump

sets due to favorable cost economics.
Source: (KPMG, 2011)
30
2.7 Market Potential of SWP

According to Bloomberg reports, The Indian government is aiming to swap out 26
million fossil-fuel-powered groundwater pumps for solar-powered ones. The
pumps are used by farmers throughout the country to pull in water for irrigation,
and currently rely on diesel generators or Indias fossil-fuel-reliant electrical grid for
power. Pashupathy Gopalan, the regional head of SunEdison, Said that 8 million
diesel pumps already in use could be replaced right now. And Indias Ministry of
New and Renewable Energy estimates another 700,000 diesel pumps that could
be replaced are bought in India every year. Tarun Kapoor, the joint secretary,
MNRE said that Irrigation pumps may be the single largest application for solar in
the country (SPROSS, 2014).
In India nearly 81 million (32.8 per cent) households do not have access to
electricity (Census of India, 2011). Around 74 million rural households lack access
to modern lighting services (TERI, 2013, p. 380) and a larger proportion of the
population (around 840 million) continue to be dependent on traditional biomass
energy sources (IEA, Octomber, 2011).
There are about 21 million irrigation pump sets in India, of which about 9 million
are run on diesel and the rest are grid based (Amit Jain, 2012).
31
Barriers
Market
Related
Barriers
Regularity
Issues
Potential Solutions
High Upfront Cost
Smart Subsidies/ Innovative

Finance
Lack of Finance Mechanisms
Innovative Customer Behaviour/

Business Finance Mechanisms
Low awareness among

Consumers & other relative
shareholders
Awareness Campaigns
Lack of Maintenance and

Support
Localized Service Infrastructure
Danger of Theft
Portable/ Community Owned

Systems, Insurance
Restricted Financial
Engineering
Innovative Policies and Finance

Engineering
Maze of Political Department
Single-Window Approach
Lack of Market Oriented

Policies
Policies Providing a level Playing

Field with diesel pumps
Concealed Tendency and

Small Landholdings
Tendency Reform, Leasing

Mechanisms & Group
Investments
Lack of Standardization and
Standardize product that cater

local needs
Technology
Quality Assurance
Related
Lack of Local Manufactures
Barriers
Promotion of Local
Manufacturing
Table 2 Challenges and Potential Solutions of Solar water pump

Source: (GIZ, 2013)
32
Research Methodology
33
3.1 Need of the Study

The water pump industry in India has become too much competitive to sustain and
in this scenario one needs to be innovative. And other side there is demand for
solar water pump because there are many farmers who do not have access to
electricity for farming in India. The point is Will this new innovation called solar
water pump able to fulfill the demand? During my secondary research I found
many reports which show comparison of Diesel VS Solar water pump. When we
talk of viability of solar water pump for farmers in Indian context, it makes
difference because of Indian geographical conditions, farmers mindset, Indian
governments approach towards solar water pump etc. So this issue needs to be
discussed with solar water pump users in India and perform cost benefit analysis
of diesel vs. solar water pump during my research thesis.
3.2 Primary Survey

To identify what is market potential of solar water pump, a structured interview of
farmer was taken. The interview includes questions like - what is capacity of solar
water pump, what is process of installing SWP, effectiveness of Government
subsidy etc.
This interview details are shown in Appendix 7.2 and 7.3 .
3.3 Limitation of study

Due to time constraint, five structured interviews able to taken of solar water pump
users. And this all SWP user belong to north central Gujarat.
Kheda District - 3 Interviews
Gandhinagar District - 1 Interview
Banaskantha District - 1 Interview

34
Cost Benefit Analysis of
Diesel vs. Solar Water Pump
35
4.1 Costing Assumptions:

5hp Diesel Pump Costing Assumptions
Particular
Scenario 0 Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3
No. of Hour Pump Usage /day
No. of Sunny Days/ Year
250
250
250
250
No. of Hour Pump Usage/ Year
250
500
1000
2000
63
63
63
63
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
Hike in Diesel Price (%)
10
10
10
10
Total Running Cost (Rs)
26775
53550
107100
214200
Price of Diesel/ litre (Rs) 4

Diesel Usage/ Hour (5HP)
Table 3 5hp Diesel Pump Costing Assumptions
Maintena
nce Cost
(C)
SWP
Cumulative
Cost W/O
Subsidy
(A+B+C)
SWP
Cumulative
Cost With
30% Subsidy
(D+B+C)
2500
491900
345080
2500
494400
347580
2500
496900
350080
2500
499400
352580
2500
501900
355080
2500
504400
357580
2500
506900
360080
2500
509400
362580
2500
511900
365080
10
2500
514400
367580
Year
Capital
Cost
Without
Subsidy (A)
Capital
Cost
With 30%
Subsidy (D)
Operating
Cost (B)
489400
342580
Table 4 5hp SWP Costing With and Without 30% Subsidy
http://www.mypetrolprice.com/10/Diesel-price-in-Ahmedabad
(Seleshi Bekele Awulachew (IWMI), 2009)
36
4.2 Scenario 0
5hp Diesel Pump Costing (Scenario 0)
Diesel
Pump
Cumulative
Cost
Capital
Cost
(A)
Operating
Cost (B)
Maintenance
Cost (C)
30000
26775
5000
61775
61775
491900
345080
29453
5000
34453
96228
494400
347580
32398
5000
37398
133625
496900
350080
35638
5000
40638
174263
499400
352580
39201
5000
44201
218464
501900
355080
43121
5000
48121
266585
504400
357580
47434
5000
52434
319019
506900
360080
52177
5000
57177
376196
509400
362580
57395
5000
62395
511900
365080
10
63134
5000
68134
506725
438590
506725
514400
367580
Year
Total
Cost
(A+B+C)
Total
SWP Cost
Without
Subsidy
SWP Cost
With 30%
Subsidy
Table 5 5hp Diesel Pump Costing (Scenario 0)
Cumulative Cost (Rs)
600000
500000
400000
300000
Diesel Pump
SWP without Subsidy
200000
SWP With 30% Subsidy
100000
0
1
10
Break Even Duration (Year)
Figure 5 Breakeven Point in Scenario 0

37
4.3 Scenario 1
Diesel
SWP Cost SWP Cost
Pump
Without
With 30%
Cumulative
Subsidy
Subsidy
Cost
88550
491900
345080
Capital
Cost
(A)
Operating
Cost (B)
Maintenance
Cost (C)
30000
53550
5000
88550
58905
5000
63905
152455
494400
347580
64795.5
5000
69796
222251
496900
350080
71275.05
5000
76275
298526
499400
352580
78402.56
5000
83403
381928
501900
355080
86242.81
5000
91243
473171
504400
357580
94867.09
5000
99867
573038
506900
360080
104353.8
5000
109354
682392
509400
362580
114789.2
5000
119789
802181
511900
365080
10
126268.1
5000
131268
933449
514400
367580
Year
Total
Cost
(A+B+C)
Total
933449
1000000
900000
800000
700000
600000
500000
Diesel Pump
400000
SWP without Subsidy
300000
200000
100000
0
1
10

38
4.4
Scenario 2
Diesel
Pump
Cumulative
Cost
Capital
Cost
(A)
Operating
Cost (B)
Maintenance
Cost (C)
30000
107100
5000
142100
142100
491900
345080
117810
5000
122810
264910
494400
347580
129591
5000
134591
399501
496900
350080
142550.1
5000
147550
547051
499400
352580
156805.1
5000
161805
708856
501900
355080
172485.6
5000
177486
886342
504400
357580
189734.2
5000
194734
1081076
506900
360080
208707.6
5000
213708
1294784
509400
362580
229578.4
5000
234578
1529362
511900
365080
10
252536.2
5000
257536
1786898
514400
367580
Year
Total
Cost
(A+B+C)
Total
SWP Cost
Without
Subsidy
SWP Cost
With 30%
Subsidy
1786898
2000000
1800000
1600000
Axis Title
1400000
1200000
1000000
Diesel Pump
800000
SWP without Subsidy
600000
400000
200000
0
1
10

39
4.5 Scenario 3
Operating
Cost (B)
Maintenance
Cost (C)
30000
214200
5000
249200
249200
491900
345080
235620
5000
240620
489820
494400
347580
259182
5000
264182
754002
496900
350080
285100.2
5000
290100
1044102
499400
352580
313610.2
5000
318610
1362712
501900
355080
344971.2
5000
349971
1712684
504400
357580
379468.4
5000
384468
2097152
506900
360080
417415.2
5000
422415
2519567
509400
362580
459156.7
5000
464157
2983724
511900
365080
10
505072.4
5000
510072
3493796
514400
367580
Year
Total
Total
Cost
(A+B+C)
Diesel
Pump
Cumulative
Cost
Capital
Cost
(A)
SWP Cost
Without
Subsidy
SWP Cost
With 30%
Subsidy
3493796
4000000
3500000
3000000
2500000
2000000
Diesel Pump
1500000
SWP without Subsidy

1000000
500000
0
1
10

40
Particular
Scenario Scenario Scenario Scenario

0
250
250
250
250
250 Hour
500 Hour
1000 Hour
2000 Hour
10 Year
Year
Year
Year
Year
No. of Hour Pump

Operating/ day
No. of Sunny Days/
Year
No. of Hour Pump
Operating/ Year
Break Even Point
Without Subsidy
Break Even Point
Year
2 Year
Year
With 30% Subsidy
Table 9 Comparison of break-even point in each scenario of SWP Usage
41
Conclusion
From the cost benefit analysis of diesel vs. solar water pump, Conclusion is that if
your daily water usage is ranging from 1-2-4-8 hours than respective break even
time period is approximately 10-6-4-2 year for Without subsidy and with 30%
Central Government Subsidy it is 7.5 - 4.5 - 2.5 - 1.5 year as shown in Table 9.
So, Daily around 8 hour of 5hp solar water pump usage for 250 days per year led
to recover cost in 2 year with comparison of 5hp diesel pump. Higher usage of
water will reduce break even time period. Now, if your usage is less than 8 hour
per day than you can recover SWP cost by other ways. Like selling water to others
and use solar panel for getting electricity for home lighting and other home
appliances.
During primary research in discussion with solar water pump user, one reason why
farmer buy solar water pump. And this reason will not able to found in any kind of
secondary research. Normally, Farmer buy solar water pump mainly because of
two things.
One is unavailability of electricity at farm and increasing price of
diesel. The reason is that farmer also buy solar water pump because of land
ownership issue. To get electricity connection, farmer need land ownership
document and signature of related owners. Normally one can become land owner
from his fathers land and fathers land is shared among his children. Now to get
signatures of all related owner is difficult. So, in this situation to get electricity
connection is difficult. So, farmers prefer to buy solar water pump.
42
Bibliography
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Amit Jain, S. J. (2012). Is Solar a solution to Blackouts in India: A case study with
agriculture diesel pumps sets?
Brian McSorley, M. M. (2011). Solar Pumps: A solution to improving water security
in drought prone areas. Oxham.
Census of India. (2011). Source of lighting: 2001-2011, Houselisting and Housing
Census Data Highlights - 2011. Registrar General & Census Commissioner,
India (ORGI), Government of India.
EmCON. (2006). Feasibility Assessment for the Replacement of Diesel Water
Pumps with Solar Water Pumps. NAMIBIAN RENEWABLE ENERGY
PROGRAMME (NAMREP).
GIZ. (2013). Solar Water Pumping for Irrigation: Potential and Barriers in Bihar,
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Gujarat State. (pp. 1-14). Zaragoza, Spain: UN Water.
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K Palanisami, K. M. (2011). Spread and Economics of Micro-irrigation in India:
Evidence from Nine States. REVIEW OF AGRICULTURE, 1-6.
43

KPMG. (2011). The Rising Sun - A Point of View on the Solar Energy Sector in
India. Mumbai: KPMG.
lorentz. (2008). Solar Water Pumps in Namibia: A Comparison Between Solar And
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MNRE. (2013). Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission - SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAIC WATER PUMPING SYSTEMS.
Seleshi Bekele Awulachew (IWMI), P. L. (2009). Pumps for small-scale irrigation.
IWMI.
SELF. (2008). A COST AND RELIABILITY COMPARISON BETWEEN SOLAR
AND DIESEL POWERED PUMPS. Solar Electric Light Fund (SELF).
Shah. (1993). Groundwater markets and irrigation development: Political economy
and practical policy. Bombay: Oxford University .
Shah, T. (2008). Crop per Drop of Diesel! Energy-Squeeze on Indias Smallholder
Irrigation. Anand, India: International Water Management Institute, .
Shamaila Zia, T. A. (2012). easibility Assessment of photovoltaic pumping for
irrigation in West Bengal, India. 1. Institute of Agricultural Engineering
(440e) Universitt Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany 2. Indian Institute of
Technology, Kharagpur, India.
Shiv Lal, P. K. (2013). Techno-economic analysis of solar photovoltaic based
submersible water pumping system for rural areas of an Indian state
Rajasthan . Science Journal of Energy Engineering, 1-4.
Singhi_Advisors. (2011). Pump & Valve Industry Overview & Opportunities.
Somasekhar. G, B. G. (2014). Marketing Methodology of Solar PV Power Packs.
IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF), 38-43.
44

SPROSS, J. (2014, February 7). India Wants To Switch 26 Million Water Pumps
To Solar Power Instead Of Diesel. Retrieved April 15, 2014, from
http://thinkprogress.org:
http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2014/02/07/3265631/india-solar-pumpswap/
taiyosolar.in. (n.d.). solarpump. Retrieved may 20, 2014, from taiyosolar:
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http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Power-full-Gujarat-gives-24-hourelectricity/articleshow/18786012.cms
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Groundwater: An Assessment of Gujarats Pioneering Jyotirgram Scheme.
International Water Management Institute, Anand, India.
45
Appendix
46
7.1 List of Solar PV Water Pumping Systems Tested and

Qualified at Solar Energy Center during the year 2012-13
N
o
1
File No.
&
Issue Date
0837/11/CSC/
SEC/Pump
27.12.2011
0861/11/CSC/
SEC/Pump
8.6.2012
43/2012/CSC/
SEC/Pump
8.6.2012
44/2012/CSC/
SEC/Pump
8.6.2012
93/2012/CSC/
SEC/Pump
8.6.2012
95/2012/CSC/
SEC/Pump
15.06.2012
115/201213/CSC/SEC/
Pump
11.07.2012
Pump submitted by
Pump
system
PV array
Type & Head
M/s JJPV solar Pvt Ltd.,

Vill Veraval (Shapar),
Dist. Rajkot- 360024,
Gujarat (India)
M/s Groundfos
M/s JJPV solar

Pvt. Ltd.
Submersible
3HP DC
pump, Head
30 meter
M/s JJPV solar Pvt Ltd.,

Vill Veraval (Shapar),
Dist. Rajkot- 360024,
Gujarat (India)
M/s Rotomag
M/s JJPV solar

Pvt. Ltd.
Centrifugal 2
HP DC surface
pump, Head 10
meter
M/s Span pumps Pvt.

Ltd., 104,Arihant,
1187/26, Shivaji nagar,
Pune-411005, India
M/s Groundfos
M/s Surana
Telecom &
Power Ltd,
Hyderabad
Submersible 0.5
HP DC pump,
Head 30 meter
M/s VRG Energy India

Pvt. Ltd., 128, Backbone
shopping center, Rajkot360064, Gujarat, India
M/s Groundfos
Model: SQF
8A-5
M/s PV Power
Technologies
Pvt. Ltd.,
Mumbai
Submersible DC
pump, Head 30
meter
M/s Moserbaer (I) Ltd.,

66, Udyog Vihar,
Greater Noida, G.B.
Nagar (UP)-201306,
India
M/s Sun
Pump, USA
M/s Moserbaer
(I) Ltd.
Submersible DC
Pump, Head 30
meter 2 HP
M/s WAREE Energies

(P) Ltd., 602, Western
Edge-1, Borivali (E),
Mumbai-4000066, India
M/s Lorentz
Pump Model:
PS 1800
SJ8-7
M/s WAREE
Energies (P)
Ltd.
Submersible
2HP DC
Pump, Head
30 meter
M/s Central Electronics

Limited, 4, Industrial
area, Sahidabad,
Ghajiabad (U.P)201010
M/s Lorentz
Pump
M/s Central
Electronics
Limited
Submersible DC
Pump, Head 30
meter 4.6 HP
47

8
113/201213/CSC/SEC/
Pump
08.08.2012
247/201213/CSC/SEC/
Pump
8.11.2012
10
244/201213/CSC/SEC/
Pump
9/11/2012
11
226/201213/CSC/SEC/
Pump
9/11/2012
12
248/201213/CSC/SEC/
Pump
27/11/2012
13
243/201213/CSC/SEC/
Pump
29/11/2012
14
249/201213/CSC/SEC/
Pump
M/s BSES Yamuna

Power Limited, Shakti
Kiran Building,
Karkardooma, New
Delhi
M/s Lorentz
Pump
Model:PS1800
CSJ5-12
M/s WAREE
Energies (P)
Ltd.
Submersible
2HP DC
Pump, Head
30 meter
M/s Jain Irrigation

Systems Ltd., Jain
Plastic Park, P.O. Box
72, N.H. No. 6, Jalgaon425001
M/s Shakti Pumps
(India) Ltd., Plot No. 401402-413, Sector -3,
Pithampur, Dhar-454775,
Madhya Pradesh
M/s Lorentz
Pump
M/s Jain
Irrigation
Systems Ltd.
Deep well 3HP

DC pump ,
Head 50 meter
M/s Shakti
Pumps (India)
Ltd.
M/s PV Power
Technologies
Pvt. Ltd.
Submersible
5HP AC deep
well monoblock pump,
Head 50 meter
M/s HBL Power

systems Ltd., Plot No.
263, Patparganj
Industrial Area, Delhi110092
M/s Kirlosker
Brothers Ltd
M/s HBL Power

systems Ltd.
Submersible
3HP AC deep
well monoblock pump,
Head 50 meter
M/s Topsun Energy

Ltd., B-101,GIDC,
Electronic Zone,
Sector-25,
Gandhinagar- 382028,
Gujarat, INDIA
M/s Bright Solar Pvt. Ltd.
Plot No. 90,Nathabhai
Estate,Near
Jashodanagar Cross,
Ahmedabad-380026,
Gujarat, India
M/s Mono
Pumps Ltd.
M/s Topsun
Energy Ltd.
Centrifugal 3HP
DC Submersible
Deep Well
pump, Head :50
meters
M/s Bright
Solar Pvt. Ltd.
M/s Green
Brilliance
Energy Pvt. Ltd.
3HP DC
Submersible
mono-block
pump, Head 50
meter
M/s Duke Plasto

Technique Pvt. Ltd. N.H.
14, Deesa Highway,
Badarpura
Dist: Banaskuntha,
Palanpur-385511,
North Gujarat, India
M/s Duke
Plasto
Technique Pvt.
Ltd.
M/sPV
Powertech
Centrifugal 5HP
AC Submersible
Deep Well
Pump, Head :50
meters,
48
15
253/201213/CSC/SEC/
Pump
M/s Punchline Energy

Pvt. Ltd. 328 Phase 2,
Udyog, Vihar Gurgaon,
Haryana 122016,India
M/s Shroffs
Engineering
Ltd
M/s Kotak Urja

Private Ltd
Submersible
Deep well
pump, 3HP AC
Pump, Head: 50
Meters
29/11/2012
16
257/201213/CSC/SEC
/Pump
30/11/2012
M/s BSES Yamuna

Power Limited
Shakti
Kiran Building,
Karkardooma, New
Delhi-110032
M/s Grundfos,
Denmark
M/s Kotak Urja,

Bangalore
Centrifugal
Submersible 1HP
DC pump, Head:
30 Meters
17
115/201213/CSC/SEC/
Pump
24/12/2012
M/s Central Electronics

Limited 4, Industrial
Area, Sahibabad
Ghaziabad (U.P)
201010
M/s Rotomag
M/s Central
Electronics
Limited
18
252/201213/CSC/SEC/
Pump
M/s JJPV Solar Pvt. Ltd.

Survey No. 236, Plot
No.2, Near Vikas Stove,
NH-8 B, Village Veraval-Shaper, Dist:
Rajkot-360024 Gujarat,
M/s Shakti
Pumps (I) Ltd.
M/s JJPV Solar

Pvt. Ltd.
Centrifugal
2HP DC
Surface
mono-block
pump, 10
Meters
Submersible
3HP AC
Pump,
50 Meters
M/s Jain Irrigation

Systems Ltd., Jain
Plastic Park, P.O. Box:
72, N. H. No. 6, Jalgaon425001
M/s Lorentz
Pump
26/12/2012
19
247/201213/CSC/SEC/
Pump
04.02.2013
20
316/2013/CSC/
SEC/Pump
21.02.2013
21
254/201213/CSC/SEC/
Pump
M/s Jain
Irrigation
Systems Ltd.
M/s Rajasthan
Electronics &
Instruments Limited, 2,
Kanakpura Industrial
Area, Jaipur-3 02012,
Rajasthan
M/s Rotomag
M/s Rajasthan
Electronics &
Instruments
Limited
M/s Alpex Exports Pvt.

Ltd., 81/2, 1st floor, Sri
Aurobindo Marg,, Near
Hero Honda Showroom,
M/s Bright
Solar Pvt. Ltd
M/s Alpex
Exports Pvt.
Ltd.
Submersibl
e 2HP DC
pump,
50 Meters
Shallow well
3HP DC Pump
Head :20
Meters
Submersible
2HP DC
Pump,
30 Meters
49

18.02.2013
22
309/201213/CSC/SEC/
Pump
05.03.2012
23
315/2013/CSC/
SEC/Pump
20.03.2012
24
276/2013/CSC/
SEC/Pump
07/03/2013
25
324/2013/CSC/
SEC/Pump
21/03/2013
Adhchini, New Delhi110017

M/s Jain Irrigation
Systems Ltd., Jain
Plastic Park, P.O. Box:
72, N. H. No. 6, Jalgaon425001
M/s Lorentz
M/s Jain
Irrigation Pvt.
Ltd.
Submersibl
e 3HP DC
pump,
20 Meters
M/s BSES Yamuna

Power Limited, Shakti
Kiran Building,
Karkardooma,
New Delhi-110032
M/s Grundfos
M/s Kotak Urja

Pvt. Ltd.
Submersible 1
HP DC Deep
Well pump , 30
Meters
M/s Waaree Energies

Pvt. Ltd. 602, Western
edge-1, Western
Express Highway,
Borivali (E),
Mumbai-400066, India
M/s Bright
Solar
Pvt.
Ltd.
M/s
Waaree
Energies
Pvt. Ltd.
Submersible
3HP DC, Deep
Well pump , 50
Meters
M/s Bright Solar Pvt.

Ltd. Plot No. 90,
Nathabhai Estate,
Near Jashodanagar
Cross,
Ahmedabad-380026,
Gujarat, India
M/s
PUMPMAN
M/s
Waaree
Energies
Pvt. Ltd.
Submersible 5
HP DC Deep
Well pump , 50
Meters
50
7.2 List of Questions and Responses during SWP User Interview
51
52
53
54
55
7.3 List of Images of Site location where Interview conducted of

SWP Users during Thesis Research
7.3.1 1st Interview site location
Figure 9 Site location of Solar Water Pump User (1) near Hirapur Chokdi
56
7.3.2 2nd Interview site location
57
7.3.3 3rd Interview site location
58
7.3.4 4th Interview site location
Figure 12 Site location of Solar Water Pump User (4) near Palanpur
59
7.3.5 5th Interview site location
Figure 13 Site location of Solar Water Pump User (5) near Ghamij Village
___________
60

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Market Potential for Solar Water Pumping System and

Cost Benefit Analysis of Diesel vs. Solar Pump

Submitted By- Kevin Kovadia (AM0712)

MBA in Technology Management,

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ kkovadia@gmail.com

Dr. /Prof. ____________

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ kkovadia@gmail.com

Name: Kevin Kovadia

Roll No: AM0712

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ kkovadia@gmail.com

CEPT University. She has provided

continuous support to my research work.

patience, motivation, enthusiasm and immense knowledge.

and mentor for my research thesis other than him.

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ kkovadia@gmail.com

Solar Water Pump

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

Photo Voltaic Pump

Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission

Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana

Gross domestic product

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ kkovadia@gmail.com

Indian Pump Industry Overview ........................................................... 11

Pump Market in India .......................................................................... 12

Agriculture in India .............................................................................. 12

Solar Water Pump .............................................................................. 14

Why Solar .......................................................................................... 16

Why SWP? ........................................................................................ 17

Market Potential ................................................................................. 19

Costbenefit analysis (CBA) ................................................................ 19

Research Objective ............................................................................ 20

Literature review ...................................................................................... 21

Electricity Consumption in Agriculture sector ........................................ 22

Water Resources in Gujarat ................................................................ 23

Solar Power as substitute of Diesel ...................................................... 23

The off-grid system ............................................................................. 26

Solar Water Pump .............................................................................. 26

Government Subsidy for Solar Water Pump ......................................... 28

Market Potential of SWP ..................................................................... 31

Research Methodology ............................................................................. 33

Need of the Study ............................................................................... 34

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ kkovadia@gmail.com

Cost Benefit Analysis of Diesel vs. Solar Water Pump ................................ 35

Costing Assumptions: ......................................................................... 36

List of Solar PV Water Pumping Systems Tested and Qualified at Solar

Energy Center during the year 2012-13 ......................................................... 47

List of Questions and Responses during SWP User Interview................ 51

List of Images of Site location where Interview conducted of SWP Users

during Thesis Research ............................................................................... 56

1st Interview site location ............................................................... 56

2nd Interview site location .............................................................. 57

3rd Interview site location............................................................... 58

4th Interview site location ............................................................... 59

5th Interview site location ............................................................... 60

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ kkovadia@gmail.com

Figure 1 Solar, Diesel & Conventional Power Comparison ................................. 17

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ kkovadia@gmail.com

Table 1 Pump Market in India Highlights........................................................... 11

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CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ kkovadia@gmail.com

1.1 Indian Pump Industry Overview

Estimated Market (in Rs)

Annual Growth rate