ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration

What Is ATP?

Adenosine Triphosphate

______________ used by all cells

Organic molecule containing high energy _____________________________ bonds
Chemical Structure of ATP

What Does ATP Do for You?

How Do We Get Energy From ATP?

By _______________________ the high- energy bonds between the last _____________ phosphates in ATP
What is the Process Called?

__________________________________ (Adding H2O)

How Does That Happen?

How is ATP Re-Made?

The reverse of the previous process occurs.

Another enzyme is used

ATP _____________________

The ADP-ATP Cycle

When is ATP Made in the Body?

During a Process called __________________________________________ that takes place in both Plants & Animals
Cellular Respiration Overview
In both plants and animals **______________is broken down to produce ATP, with CO2 as a waste product.**

Includes pathways that require oxygen (_____________) and that do not require oxygen (__________________).
Breakdown of one glucose results in 38 ATP molecules.
Aerobic Respiration Equation
C6H12O6

+ 6 O2

6 H2O +

6 CO2 +

38 ____________

Comparing Photosynthesis to Respiration

1. Plants use the products of respiration for their reactants
2. 2. Animals use the products of photosynthesis for their reactants
For example, in photosynthesis
(reactants) 6CO2 + 6H2O + SUNLIGHT C6H12O6 + 6 O2 (products)
(reactants) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY (ATP) (products)
Photosynthesis and Respiration

What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration?

1. Glycolysis

2. The Krebs Cycle

3. The Electron Transport Chain

Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place? It actually takes place in two parts of the cell:
Glycolysis occurs in the _____________________ and Krebs Cycle and ETC takes place in the _________________

Glycolysis Summary:
Takes place in the _______________________________
Anaerobic ____________________________________________________________________
Overall production of 2 ATP

Glucose split into two molecules of Pyruvate or Pyruvic Acid

Krebs Cycle History
Discovered by Hans Krebs in 1937. He received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1953 for his discovery.
He was forced to leave Germany prior to WWII because he was Jewish.
2nd Stage: Krebs Cycle
Requires Oxygen (______________________________)
Produces 2 ATPs
Cyclical series of reactions that give off ___________ and produce one _________ per cycle.
Turns twice per glucose molecule
Takes place in matrix of ______________________________
Krebs Cycle

3rd Stage:
Electron Transport Chain
34 ATP Produced (by far the most)
_________________ Produced
Occurs Across Inner Mitochondrial membrane

Cellular Respiration (______________________)

What happens when cells dont have enough oxygen? Some organisms live in an oxygen-free environment. How do they
get their energy?
Anaerobic respiration is also called ______________________________, or the process by which energy is released
from glucose when oxygen is ___________ available.

This process allows organisms to continue to produce energy until oxygen is available.
However, this process only releases 2 ATP per molecule of glucose.
Alcoholic Fermentation
_________________________________ way of converting energy for yeast and other microorganisms
Glucose broken down to produce alcohol, __________________and ___________________ (2 ATP)
C6H12O6 ethanol + CO2 + 2 ATP
EX: baking bread with yeast or fermenting wine & beer
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Anaerobic way of converting energy in _______________ cells and some microorganisms
Glucose broken down to produce ____________ _________, _______________ and __________________ (ATP)
C6H12O6 lactic acid + CO2 + 2 ATP
EX: muscle cells during strenuous exercise, fermenting cheese, yogurt, sour cream
Strenuous Exercise
Lactic acid is produced by your _________ cells during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply enough O2 to tissues.
Without enough O2, the body is NOT able to produce all of the ___________ that is required.
The buildup of lactic acid can cause painful burning in your muscles!
Minimal ATP Production
In the absence of oxygen, anaerobic respiration only releases 2 ATP for each molecule of glucose broken down.
Comparing ATP Production
First, your body breaks down glucose through ____________________ respiration to produce 38 ATP per glucose
molecule; however, this is a slow process.
When muscle cells cannot get enough O2 they break down glucose through ______________ acid fermentation to
produce 2 ATP per glucose
Therefore, ____________ RESPIRATION is much more efficient in terms of ATP production 38 ATP compared to 2 ATP!
Aerobic Training

Anaerobic Training

Ex: long runs, biking, swimming Can increase the size

Ex: sprints, strides, quick bursts of energy

and number of mitochondria in muscle cells Can increase

___________ the glycogen levels in the muscles

the delivery of O2 to muscles by improving the heart and lungs

Increase bodys tolerance to lactic acid