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Supervised by :
mohammad al-naeem Prof. Dr. Wasileh petro
khaled al-shollol
Patricia
Benner
The nurse-patient relationship is not a uniform, professionalized
blueprint but rather a kaleidoscope of intimacy and distance in
some of the most dramatic, poignant, and mundane moments of
life. (Benner, 1984a)
OUTLINS
* Objectives of presentation
* Credentials and background of Patricia Benner
* Theoretical Resources and Dreyfus model
* Major concepts & Definitions of Benner theory
* Use of empirical evidence
* Major Assumptions of Benner work
* Metaparadigm of Benner theory.
* Logical form
* acceptance by the nursing community.
* Benner Work Critique
* scope of utilization of beener theory
* application of beener theory
* Conclusion & * Reference
OBJECTIVES
At the end of my lecture, all students will
be able to:
- Introduce Patricia Benner and discuss Dreyfus model
- Identify the Major concepts & Definitions of theory
- Identify the Major Assumptions (metaparadiam) of
Benner work
- describe the acceptance of theory by the nursing
community
- Discuss the scope of utilization of beener theory and how we
can applied it nowadays
Life:
Patricia Benner was born in 1942 in Hampton, Virginia. And
spent her childhood in California.
She was married to Richard benner on 1967,they have a son and
a daughter.
Professional:
* Bachelor degree in nursing from Pasadena College, in 1964 .
* Master in medical-surgical nursing from the University of California,
San Francisco (UCSF), in 1970 .
* PhD - from the University of California Berkeley , in 1982.
Benner Background
(cont.)
Award
Benner received an award for outstanding contributions to the
profession by national council of state boards of nursing in 2002 for
her work on developing an instrument to capture the sources and
nature of nursing errors .This instrument is entitled ( Taxonomy of
Error ,Root Cause and Practice (TERCAP).
Benners Books
(1979): New Nurses Work Entry: A Trouble
Sponsorship
(1984): Stress and Satisfaction on the Job
From
From
Theory
Practice
Theoretical knowledge
=
Knowing that
Practical knowledge
VS
=
knowing how
Dreyfus model
stuert Dreyfus and Hubert Dreyfus developed the skill
acquisition model by studying the performance of chess master
and pilots in emergency situations.
The model is situational , developmental , and describe five level
of skills acquisitions . Each level build up on the pervious level.
Dreyfus model
Movement through the 5 levels(ex: school students)
course
primary-tawjehi
to
Intuition
Video
situation
a situation
Exemplar
Salience
Domain
Maxim
Paradigm
case
Experience
comportment
Hermeneutics
Competency
1st concept:
Use of empirical
evidence
Use of empirical
evidence
Use of empirical
evidence
Use of empirical
evidence
Use of empirical
evidence
Take a break
Together
, these
aspects
of the
person
make up
the
person
in the
world.
The role of
Situation
The role of
Temporality
Person
The role of
Personal
Concerns
The role of
Body
3. Health
4. Situation
Theoretical Assertions
Some relationship statements included
in Banner's work:
1- Clinical knowledge is embedded in perceptions rather than
precepts.
2- Perceptual awareness is central to good nursing judgment.
3- Formal rules are limited and discretionary judgment is needed
in actual clinical situations.
4- Expertise develops when the clinician tests and refines
propositions, hypotheses and principle-based expectations in
actual clinical practice.
Logical Framework
Is the Benner work is inductive or deductive ??
By following Dreyfus models logical sequence,
Benner was able to identify the performance
characteristics and teaching-learning needs in each
level of skill by a qualitative descriptive research.
Benner claims that new knowledge and
understanding are constituted by articulating
meanings, skills, and knowledge that taken from
clinical practice.
(cont.)
Research
3. Research
1.
2.
3.
4.
Research
3. Research (cont.)
SO, formal models should be used discretions
as tools & should not eclipse (cover) the
relational, holistic, intuitive aspects of nursing.
Further Development
Benner has taken a hermeneutical form to uncover the
knowledge embedded in clinical nursing practice.
As she does this, she is also uncovering the nursingcaring with which it is deeply intertwined
It doesnt provide us with any universal truths about
caring in general or about nursing-caring in particular
Dunlop (1986).
60-70%
70-80%
80-90%
competant
90-100%
proficient expert
Exam
50% clinical
50% knowldge
Conclusions
1. Strength of the theory:
2. Limitation of theory
Simplicity
Generality
How general is
this theory?
Empirical
Precision
Derivable
Consequences
How accessible
Is this theory ?
How important
Is this theory ?
Simplicity
The model is relatively simple in regard to the five stages of skill
acquisition , and it provides a comparative guide for
identifying levels of nursing practice.
Description of novice level of performance would be
possible but expert description would be difficult if not
impossible and limited to its usefulness.
A degree of complexity is encountered in subconcepts for
differentiation among the levels of competency and the need
to identify meanings and intentions.
Empirical Precision
Benner theory is researchable, and qualitative research has been
the primary paradigms to discover embedded knowledge of clinical
practice.
Quantitative attempt have been made to design and validate nurse
competence scale.
Her work can be considered as hypothesis generating rather than
hypothesis testing .
So it is an inductive theory .
Derivable Consequences
References
References
Tomey, A. M. and Alligood, M.R. (2006). Nursing theorists and their work.
http://www.jointcommissioninternational.org/improve/get-accredited-academicmedical-center-hospitals/
http://www.jnc.gov.jo/arabic/Nursing%20Polices.htm
Benner, P. (1984). From novice to expert: Excellence and power in clinical nursing
practice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Dreyfus, H. L., & Dreyfus, S. E. (1986). Mind over machine: The power of human
intuition and expertise in the era of the computer.
Thank You !!