INSTIT

TUTO SU
UPERIOR DE ENGE
ENHARIA
A DE LISB
BOA
rea Deepartamen
ntal de Engeenharia Meecnica

Ottimizao do processo
p
o de pro
ojeto dee uma fe
ferrameenta
proggressivaa para a estam
mpagem de com
mponenttes met
licos

DIOGO FILIPE
E NEVE
ES MORG
GADO
(Liceenciado em
m Engenh
haria Mecnica)
Trrabalho Finaal de Mestraado para ob
bteno do grau
g de Messtre
em Enggenharia Mecnica
M

O
Orientadores
s:
Prof. Douutor Joaquim
m Infante Barrbosa
Mestre T
Tiago Alexan
ndre Narciso da Silva

J
Jri:
Presiidente: Prof.f. Doutor Joo Carlos Quaaresma Dias
Vogaais:
Prof. Douutora Brbara Perry Pereira Alves Goouveia
Prof. Douutor Joaquim
m Infante Barrbosa

Dezzembro de 2013
2

Pgina em branco

INSTIT
TUTO SU
UPERIOR DE ENGE
ENHARIA
A DE LISB
BOA
rea Deepartamen
ntal de Engeenharia Meecnica

Ottimizao do processo
p
o de pro
ojeto dee uma fe
ferrameenta
proggressivaa para a estam
mpagem de com
mponenttes met
licos

DIOGO FILIPE
E NEVE
ES MORG
GADO
(Liceenciado em
m Engenh
haria Mecnica)
Trrabalho Finaal de Mestraado para ob
bteno do grau
g de Messtre
em Enggenharia Mecnica
M

O
Orientadores
s:
Prof. Douutor Joaquim
m Infante Barrbosa
Mestre T
Tiago Alexan
ndre Narciso da Silva

J
Jri:
Presiidente: Prof.f. Doutor Joo Carlos Quaaresma Dias
Vogaais:
Prof. Douutora Brbara Perry Pereira Alves Goouveia
Prof. Douutor Joaquim
m Infante Barrbosa

Dezzembro de 2013
2









3iJLQDHPEUDQFR

'HGLFDWyULD




3DL0mH7kQLD
HDWRGDDJHQWHTXH
SRVLWLYDRXQHJDWLYDPHQWH
ID]SDUWHGDPLQKDYLGD
2EULJDGR


,










3iJLQDHPEUDQFR

,,


$JUDGHFLPHQWRV

*RVWDULDGHDJUDGHFHUDWRGDVDVSHVVRDVTXHFRODERUDUDPFRPLJRSURILVVLRQDOPHQWHH
GLUHWDRXLQGLUHWDPHQWHWRUQDUDPHVWHWUDEDOKRILQDOGHPHVWUDGRSRVVtYHO0DUFR9HUDV
3HOR DSRLR GXUDQWH R FXUVR D YLDJHP IRL ORQJD )DQLFD 3RU PH WHU HQVLQDGR D
GLIHUHQoDHQWUHXPGHVHQKDGRUHXPSURMHWLVWDREULJDGRPHVWUH&DUORV$LUHV3RUPH
WHU HQVLQDGR D PH[HU HP 1; H SHOD GLVFLSOLQD H PHWRGRORJLD GH SURMHWR 7LDJR
)LJXHLUHGR 3HOR DSRLR QDV QRLWDGDV GD 75: D WXD GHGLFDomR p XPD LQVSLUDomR SDUD
PLP )LOLSH 'LRJR 2EULJDGR SHODV EROHLDV SDUD R WUDEDOKR - 7LDJR 0DUWLQKR
2EULJDGR SHOD ELEOLRJUDILD 0iULR $QWXQHV H 3HGUR &RVWD (X FXPSUL D PLQKD
SURPHVVDIDOWDPYRFrVYHQKDDEROD1XQR6LOYD2EULJDGRSHODGLFDVREUHRWHPD
GDWHVHDWRGDVDVSHVVRDVTXHHPDOJXPPRPHQWRFRODERUDUDPFRPLJR

$RPHXRULHQWDGRU3URI-RDTXLP,QIDQWH%DUERVDHDRPHXFRRULHQWDGRU3URI7LDJR
6LOYD SHOR DSRLR GXUDQWH D HODERUDomR GHVWH WUDEDOKR ILQDO GH PHVWUDGR H D WRGRV RV
SURIHVVRUHVGR,6(/SHODEDJDJHPHPWHUPRVGHIRUPDomR

$WRGRVREULJDGR





,,,










3iJLQDHPEUDQFR

,9


5HVXPR

$iUHDGRSURMHWRGHIHUUDPHQWDVSDUDDHVWDPSDJHPGHHOHPHQWRVPHWiOLFRVWRROLQJ
FRQWLQXD D VHU XP GRV JUDQGHV SLODUHV GH WRGD D LQG~VWULD DXWRPyYHO $ FUHVFHQWH
QHFHVVLGDGHGDVHPSUHVDVHPDXPHQWDUDSURGXWLYLGDGHUHGX]LURVWHPSRVGHUHVSRVWD
DVVLP FRPR RV FXVWRV DVVRFLDGRV D FDGD SURMHWR WHP FRORFDGR XPD SUHVVmR FUHVFHQWH
VREUHRVJDELQHWHVGHSURMHWR
(PSDUFHULDFRPXPDHPSUHVDGHSURMHWRHIDEULFRGHIHUUDPHQWDVIRUDPFRPSDUDGDV
GXDVPHWRGRORJLDVGLVWLQWDVGHDERUGDJHPDRSURFHVVRGRSURMHWRGHIHUUDPHQWDV8PD
PDLV FRQVHUYDGRUD R PpWRGR WUDGLFLRQDO TXH XWLOL]D YiULRV VRIWZDUHV H RXWUD
LQWHJUDQGRWRGRRSURMHWRQDIHUUDPHQWD3URJUHVVLYH'LH:L]DUGGRVRIWZDUH1;GD
6LHPHQVRPpWRGRRWLPL]DGR
(VWH WUDEDOKR ILQDO GH PHVWUDGR WHP FRPR REMHWLYR DQDOLVDU R SRWHQFLDO H[LVWHQWH QD
XWLOL]DomR GD IHUUDPHQWD 3URJUHVVLYH 'LH :L]DUG QR SURMHWR GH IHUUDPHQWDV GH
HVWDPSDJHPPHWiOLFD
2VUHVXOWDGRVREWLGRVDSRQWDPFODUDPHQWHSDUDJDQKRVDRQtYHOGR OHDGWLPHUHGXomR
GHHUURVHXQLIRUPL]DomRGRVSURMHWRV




3DODYUDVFKDYH


3URMHWRGHIHUUDPHQWDVGHHVWDPSDJHP

3URJUHVVLYH'LH:L]DUG

1;

9









3iJLQDHPEUDQFR

9,


$EVWUDFW

7KHSURMHFWRIPHWDOVWDPSLQJWRROVWRROLQJFRQWLQXHVWREHRQHRIWKHJUHDWSLOODUVRI
WKHHQWLUHDXWRPRWLYHLQGXVWU\7KHJURZLQJQHHGRIFRPSDQLHVWRLQFUHDVHSURGXFWLYLW\
UHGXFH UHVSRQVH WLPHV DV ZHOO DV WKH FRVWV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK HDFK SURMHFW KDV SXW
LQFUHDVLQJSUHVVXUHRQWRROLQJSURMHFWGHSDUWPHQWV
,QSDUWQHUVKLSZLWKDFRPSDQ\RIGHVLJQDQGPDQXIDFWXUHRIPHWDOVWDPSLQJWRROVWZR
GLVWLQFW PHWKRGRORJLHV ZHUH FRPSDUHG WR DSSURDFK WR WKH GHVLJQ SURFHVV $ PRUH
FRQVHUYDWLYHZD\WKHWUDGLWLRQDOPHWKRGXVLQJYDULRXVVRIWZDUHVDQGDQRSWLPL]HG
PHWKRG XVLQJ RQO\ WKH 3URJUHVVLYH 'LH :L]DUG IHDWXUH IURP 1; VRIWZDUH IURP
6LHPHQV
7KLV VWXG\ DLPV WR DQDO\]H WKH H[LVWLQJ SRWHQWLDO LQ WKH XVH RI WKH 3URJUHVVLYH 'LH
:L]DUGIHDWXUHLQWKHGHVLJQRIPHWDOVWDPSLQJWRROV
7KHUHVXOWVREWDLQHGVKRZJDLQVLQUHGXFLQJOHDGWLPHDQGUHGXFLQJHUURUVDORQJZLWK
WKHVWDQGDUGL]DWLRQRIWKHGHVLJQSURFHVV


.H\ZRUGV

x

0HWDOVWDPSLQJWRROV

3URJUHVVLYH'LH:L]DUG

1;

7RROLQJ


9,,










3iJLQDHPEUDQFR

9,,,


*ORVViULR1RPHQFODWXUD/LVWDGH6tPERORV

$03



$SURYHLWDPHQWRGHPDWpULDSULPD

E



&RPSULPHQWRGHGREUDJHPHVWDPSDJHP

&



&RQVWDQWHGHHQFUXDPHQWR

)&



)RUoDSULQFLSDOGHFRUWH

)'



)RUoDGHGREUDJHP

)(%



)RUoDGHHVWDPSDJHPERVVDFLOtQGULFD

)('



)RUoDGRHQFRVWDGRUGHGREUDJHP

)((%



)RUoDGRHQFRVWDGRUGHHVWDPSDJHPERVVDFLOtQGULFD

)(8



)RUoDGHHVWDPSDJHPHP8

)(;7



)RUoDGHH[WUDomR

K



(VSHVVXUDGHFKDSD

M



)ROJDHQWUHRFXQKRHDPDWUL]

N'



)DWRUFRUUHWLYR

N8



)DWRUFRUUHWLYR

O



/DUJXUDGHEDQGD

03ILQDO 

0DWpULDSULPDILQDO

03LQLFLDO 

0DWpULDSULPDLQLFLDO

S



3DVVRGDIHUUDPHQWD

SF



3HUtPHWURGHFRUWH

3': 

3URJUHVVLYH'LH:L]DUG

SH



3HUtPHWURGHHVWDPSDJHP

4I



)DWRUFRUUHWLYRGHHVWDPSDJHP

UF



5DLRGHFDQWRGRFXQKR

UFP



5DLRGHFDQWRGDPDWUL]

5)4 

5HTXHVW)RU4XRWDWLRQ



)ROJDGHFRUWH

5 



7HQVmRGHURWXUDGRHQVDLRGHWUDomRXQLD[LDO



7HQVmRGHURWXUDDRFRUWH




,;









3iJLQDHPEUDQFR


;


ndice

&DStWXOR
,QWURGXomR
2EMHWLYRV
0RWLYDo}HV
2UJDQL]DomRGRGRFXPHQWR
&DStWXOR
2EMHWRGHHVWXGR
&DVRGHHVWXGR7RROLQJ
0RGHORGHQHJyFLR
(QTXDGUDPHQWR
&DStWXOR
&XQKRVHFRUWDQWHV&RQFHLWRVFKDYH
2SHUDo}HVEiVLFDV
&RUWH
'REUDJHP
(VWDPSDJHP
&DOLEUDomR
&RQFHLWRVSDUWLFXODUHV
(QIRUPDELOLGDGH
5HFXSHUDomRHOiVWLFD
'HWHUPLQDomRGHYDULiYHLVGRSURFHVVR
)ROJDGHFRUWH
)RUoDSULQFLSDOGHFRUWH
)RUoDGHH[WUDomR
;,



)RUoDGHGREUDJHP
)RUoDGRHQFRVWDGRUGHGREUDJHP
)RUoDGHHVWDPSDJHP
)RUoDGHHVWDPSDJHP%RVVDFLOtQGULFD
)RUoDGRHQFRVWDGRUGHHVWDPSDJHP%RVVDFLOtQGULFD
)RUoDGHHVWDPSDJHP(P8
)RUoDGHFDOLEUDomR
7LSRVGHIHUUDPHQWDV
)HUUDPHQWDVSURJUHVVLYDV
)HUUDPHQWDVWUDQVIHU
&DStWXOR
0pWRGRWUDGLFLRQDOGHSURMHWR
3UHSDUDomRLQLFLDO
(ODERUDomRGDEDQGD
&iOFXORGRSODQLILFDGR
&iOFXORGRSODQLILFDGRHP6ROLG:RUNV
&iOFXORGRSODQLILFDGRHP&$7,$9
'HVHQKRGRVFRUWDQWHV
'HILQLomRGDEDQGD
&iOFXORV
3URMHWRGDIHUUDPHQWD
&DStWXOR
0pWRGRRWLPL]DGRGHSURMHWR
3UHSDUDomRLQLFLDO
(ODERUDomRGDEDQGD



;,,


&iOFXORGRSODQLILFDGR
'HVHQKRGRVFRUWDQWHV
'HILQLomRGDEDQGD
&iOFXORV
3URMHWRGDIHUUDPHQWD
(OHPHQWRVHVWUXWXUDLV
(OHPHQWRVIXQFLRQDLV
2SHUDo}HVGH&RUWH
2SHUDo}HVGH(VWDPSDJHP&DOLEUDomR
2SHUDomRGHGREUDJHP
(OHPHQWRVSHULIpULFRV
&DStWXOR
&RPSDUDomR
(ODERUDomRGRSODQLILFDGR
(ODERUDomRGDEDQGD
(ODERUDomRGRSURMHWRGDIHUUDPHQWD
&DStWXOR
&RQFUHWL]DomR
&DStWXOR
&RQFOXV}HV
%LEOLRJUDILD
$QH[R$&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVWHyULFDVGRDoR60&
$QH[R%&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVUHDLVGRDoR60&
$QH[R&&iOFXORVSDUFLDLVGDVIRUoDV0pWRGRWUDGLFLRQDO
$QH[R'&iOFXORVSDUFLDLVGDVIRUoDV0pWRGRRWLPL]DGR



;,,,









3iJLQDHPEUDQFR

;,9


QGLFHGH)LJXUDV

)LJXUD2EMHWRGHHVWXGR
)LJXUD)OX[RJUDPDGRPRGHORGHQHJyFLR7RROLQJ
)LJXUD'LIHUHQWHVIDVHVGDVRSHUDo}HVGHFRUWHDGDSWDomRGH>@
)LJXUD)XQFLRQDPHQWRGRVHQFRVWDGRUHVDGDSWDomRGH>@
)LJXUD'LIHUHQWHVIDVHVGDVRSHUDo}HVGHGREUDJHPDGDSWDomRGH>@
)LJXUD5HSUHVHQWDomRGRVHOHPHQWRVGHHVWDPSDJHPDGDSWDomRGH>@
)LJXUD'LIHUHQWHVJHRPHWULDVGHSURYHWHVXWLOL]DGRVQRHQVDLRGH1DNDMLPD>@
)LJXUD'LDJUDPDOLPLWHGHHQIRUPDELOLGDGHDGDSWDomRGH>@
)LJXUD5HSUHVHQWDomRGHDSOLFDomRGHFDQHOXUDVDGDSWDomRGH>@
)LJXUD5HFXSHUDomRHOiVWLFDRXHIHLWRGHPRODDGDSWDomRGH>@
)LJXUD(VWDPSDJHPGHERVVDFLOtQGULFDDGDSWDomRGH>@
)LJXUD([HPSORGHIHUUDPHQWDSURJUHVVLYD
)LJXUD([HPSORGHIHUUDPHQWDWUDQVIHU
)LJXUD3HoDILQDODSyVLPSRUWDomRSDUDRVRIWZDUH6ROLG:RUNV
)LJXUD&RQYHUVmRGDVXSHUItFLHVXSHULRUSDUDVKHHWPHWDO
)LJXUD5HFULDomRGDDEDDSyVSODQLILFDomR
)LJXUD3ODQLILFDGRFRPSOHWR
)LJXUD,PSRUWDomRGDJHRPHWULDXWLOL]DGDHP6ROLG:RUNVSDUDR&$7,$9
)LJXUD5HFULDomRGDDEDSUHVHQWHQDSHoDLQLFLDO
)LJXUD3ODQLILFDomRILQDOGDSHoD
)LJXUD'HILQLomRGDEDQGDSHORPpWRGRWUDGLFLRQDO
)LJXUD0DWpULDSULPDQHFHVViULDSDUDH[HFXWDUDSHoDPP
)LJXUD3URMHWRGDIHUUDPHQWDILQDOSHORPpWRGRWUDGLFLRQDO

;9



)LJXUD5HJLmRDSODQLILFDU
)LJXUD5HJLmRREMHWLYRSDUDRQGHGHYHUiVHUIHLWDDSODQLILFDomR
)LJXUD0DOKDXWLOL]DGDQRFiOFXORGRSODQLILFDGRPP
)LJXUD3ODQLILFDGRILQDO
)LJXUD$SURYHLWDPHQWRGHPDWpULDSULPD6..
)LJXUD'HILQLomRGDEDQGDSHORPpWRGRRWLPL]DGR
)LJXUD'HILQLomRGRVHOHPHQWRVHVWUXWXUDLV
)LJXUD3URMHWRDSyVH[HFXomRGDHVWUXWXUD
)LJXUD,QWURGXomRGHHOHPHQWRVQRUPDOL]DGRVSDUDRSHUDo}HVGHFRUWH
)LJXUD,QWURGXomRGRVUHVWDQWHVSXQo}HVGHFRUWH
)LJXUD,QWURGXomRGDVPDWUL]HVGHFRUWH
)LJXUD,QWURGXomRGRVFXQKRVHGRVHQFRVWDGRUHV
)LJXUD,QWURGXomRGDVPDWUL]HVGHHVWDPSDU
)LJXUD,QWURGXomRGDPDWUL]GHGREUD
)LJXUD,QWURGXomRGRSXQomRGHGREUD
)LJXUD,QWURGXomRGRVHOHPHQWRVQRUPDOL]DGRV
)LJXUD&RPSDUDomRGDVJHRPHWULDVXWLOL]DGDVSDUDRFiOFXORGRVSODQLILFDGRV
)LJXUD   &RPSDUDomR GDV JHRPHWULDV XWLOL]DGDV SDUD R FiOFXOR GRV SODQLILFDGRV
GHWDOKH
)LJXUD&RPSDUDomRGRVSODQLILFDGRVREWLGRV
)LJXUD$VSHWRGDIHUUDPHQWDDSyVPRQWDJHP
)LJXUD$VSHWRGDIHUUDPHQWDHPSUHQVD
)LJXUD$VSHWRGDIHUUDPHQWDHPSUHQVD
)LJXUD3HoDILQDO
)LJXUD3HoDILQDO

;9,


QGLFHGH7DEHODV

7DEHOD&iOFXORVSHORPpWRGRWUDGLFLRQDO
7DEHOD&iOFXORVDWUDYpVGR3':
7DEHOD&RPSDUDWLYR




;9,,










3iJLQDHPEUDQFR

;9,,,


&DStWXOR 
 ,QWURGXomR
$DXWRPDWL]DomRGRSURFHVVRGHSURMHWRGHXPDIHUUDPHQWDGHHVWDPSDUpXPDWHPiWLFD
TXH WHP VLGR GLVFXWLGD QD FRPXQLGDGH FLHQWtILFD QRV ~OWLPRV DQRV (P  0
*KDWUHKQDE\ H % $UH]RR SURSXVHUDP XP VLVWHPD DXWRPDWL]DGR GH HODERUDomR GH
EDQGDV SDUD IHUUDPHQWDV SURJUHVVLYDV >@ 1HVWH WH[WR RV DXWRUHV LGHQWLILFDUDP GXDV
IDVHV PXLWR LPSRUWDQWHV QR SURFHVVR GH HODERUDomR GH XPD EDQGD R 1HVWLQJ H R
3LORWLQJ&RQVLVWLQGRR1HVWLQJQDGLVSRVLomRGRSODQLILFDGRGDVSHoDVQDEDQGDH
R 3LORWLQJ QD GLVSRVLomR GRV SLORWRV j YROWD GHVVHV SODQLILFDGRV 1HVWH WH[WR p
DSUHVHQWDGR XP VRIWZDUH FRP XP DOJRULWPR GH PRGR D SHUPLWLU D RWLPL]DomR GD
GLVWULEXLomRGRVSODQLILFDGRVQDFKDSDPLQLPL]DURPDWHULDOGHVSHUGLoDGRHJDUDQWLQGR
XPJXLDPHQWRGDEDQGDDRORQJRGDIHUUDPHQWDDWUDYpVGDGLVWULEXLomRGRVSLORWRV
: =KDQJ 6 7RU H * %ULWWRQ GHVHQYROYHUDP XP DOJRULWPR GH UHFRQKHFLPHQWR
VHPHOKDQWH DR DQWHULRU SUHVHQWH QD SHoD ILQDO GH PRGR D SODQHDU D VHTXHQFLDomR GDV
RSHUDo}HV DR ORQJR GD EDQGD DXWRPDWL]DQGR R 1HVWLQJ H R 3LORWLQJ
$GLFLRQDOPHQWH HVWHV DXWRUHV DSUHVHQWDUDP DV YDQWDJHQV GD LPSOHPHQWDomR GH XP
VLVWHPD GH LQWHOLJrQFLD DUWLILFLDO DVVHQWH HP NQRZOHGJH VRXUFHV EDVHV GH GDGRV GH
SDUkPHWURVGHHVWDPSDJHPHPStULFRVTXHSHUPLWLULDPDRDOJRULWPRHIHWXDUDVGHFLV}HV
FRUUHWDVGXUDQWHRSURFHVVRGHSURMHWRGHXPDIHUUDPHQWD>@
(P  6 .XPDU H 5 6LQJK GHVHQYROYHUDP R NQRZOHGJHEDVH V\VWHP FXMR
FRQFHLWRRULJLQDOpVHPHOKDQWHDRFRQFHLWRDSUHVHQWDGRSHORVDXWRUHV:=KDQJ67RU
H * %ULWWRQ HQFRQWUDQGRVH DJRUD HVWD EDVH GH GDGRV DJUXSDGD HP  PyGXORV GH
PRGR D IRUQHFHU IHUUDPHQWDV GH DXWRPDWL]DomR GR SURFHVVR GH SURMHWR GH XPD
IHUUDPHQWDSURJUHVVLYD>@
$ PHWRGRORJLD DSUHVHQWDGD QHVWH 7UDEDOKR )LQDO GH 0HVWUDGR 7)0 VHUi XPD
PRGHUQL]DomRGDPHWRGRORJLDGHSURMHWRGHIHUUDPHQWDVFOiVVLFDWHQGRFRPRREMHWLYR
DSUR[LPDU RV FRQFHLWRV XWLOL]DGRV KRMH HP GLD QD LQG~VWULD FRP R HVWDGR GD DUWH GR
SURMHWRDXWRPDWL]DGR





 2EMHWLYRV
3UHWHQGHVH QR GHFRUUHU GD HODERUDomR GHVWH 7)0 HIHWXDU XPD DQiOLVH FRPSDUDWLYD
HQWUHRSURMHWRGHXPDIHUUDPHQWDGHHVWDPSDJHPPHWiOLFDSHORPpWRGRWUDGLFLRQDOH
R SURMHWR GD PHVPD IHUUDPHQWD DWUDYpV GH XP PpWRGR TXH GHVLJQDUHPRV FRPR
RWLPL]DGR(VWDDERUGDJHPDRSURMHWRUHFRUUHUijIHUUDPHQWDGHSURMHWRSDUDPpWULFR
3URJUHVVLYH 'LH :L]DUG XP PyGXOR HVSHFtILFR SDUD R SURMHWR GH IHUUDPHQWDV GH
HVWDPSDJHP GR VRIWZDUH 1; GD 6LHPHQV $ ILP GH TXDQWLILFDU DV YDQWDJHQV H
GHVYDQWDJHQV TXH FDGD XP GHVWHV PpWRGRV RIHUHFH VHUi UHDOL]DGR R SURMHWR GH XPD
GHWHUPLQDGD IHUUDPHQWD GH HVWDPSDJHP PHWiOLFD HP VLPXOWkQHR XWLOL]DQGR DPEDV DV
PHWRGRORJLDV2SURMHWRSHORPpWRGR WUDGLFLRQDOVHUiHODERUDGRQDHPSUHVD 0DQXHO
GD &RQFHLomR *UDoD /GD VHQGR TXH R SURMHWR SHOR PpWRGR RWLPL]DGR VHUi
HODERUDGRH[FOXVLYDPHQWHSDUDHVWH7)0
$SyVDFRQFUHWL]DomRGHVWHVGRLVSURFHVVRVGHSURMHWRGLVWLQWRVVHUiSRVVtYHOFRPSDUDU
DPEDV DV DERUGDJHQV SHUPLWLQGR DLQGD TXDQWLILFDU PDLVYDOLDV GR SRQWR GH YLVWD GH
UHGXomR GH OHDGWLPHV H GLPLQXLomR GH RSRUWXQLGDGHV GH HUUR SRU SDUWH GR SURMHWLVWD
&RPDFRQVWUXomRGDIHUUDPHQWDQDHPSUHVD0DQXHOGD&RQFHLomR*UDoD/GDGXUDQWH
R GHFRUUHU GD HODERUDomR GHVWH 7)0 VHUi WDPEpP SRVVtYHO YDOLGDU RV SODQLILFDGRV
JHUDGRVSHORVVRIWZDUHVXWLOL]DGRV

 0RWLYDo}HV
2GRPtQLRGHIHUUDPHQWDVSDUDPpWULFDVGHSURMHWRPHFkQLFRFRQFHGHjVHPSUHVDVXPD
YDQWDJHP FRPSHWLWLYD TXH KRMH HP GLD p FDGD YH] PDLV HVVHQFLDO SDUD SHUPLWLU D
FRQWLQXLGDGH H R FUHVFLPHQWR GDV PHVPDV 'HVWH PRGR XPD GDV JUDQGHV PRWLYDo}HV
SDUD D HODERUDomR GHVWH 7)0 FRQVLVWH QR HVWXGR GR PpWRGR GH IXQFLRQDPHQWR GHVWHV
VRIWZDUHVSHUPLWLQGRGHVWHPRGRWUD]HUHVWHFRQKHFLPHQWRSDUDDVHPSUHVDVGHKRMHHP
GLDFRQWULEXLQGRDWLYDPHQWHSDUDRDXPHQWRGDFRPSHWLWLYLGDGHGDVPHVPDV2XWUDGDV
PRWLYDo}HV SDUD D HODERUDomR GHVWH 7)0 FRQVLVWH QR IDFWR GH QmR H[LVWLU QHQKXPD
HPSUHVD GR UDPR GR IDEULFR GH IHUUDPHQWDV 7RROLQJ GD SHQtQVXOD ,EpULFD TXH
GRPLQHDSOLTXHHVWHVRIWZDUHSHUPLWLQGRGHVWHPRGRjHPSUHVDFRPDTXDOHVWH7)0



$HPSUHVD0DQXHO'D&RQFHLomR*UDoD/GDpXPDHPSUHVDSRUWXJXHVDFRPPDLVGHDQRVOLJDGD
DRUDPRGRVFXQKRVHFRUWDQWHVZZZPFJSW




IRL HODERUDGR HP FRQMXQWR 0DQXHO GD &RQFHLomR *UDoD /GD WRUQDUVH QD SULPHLUD
HPSUHVDDID]rOR

 2UJDQL]DomRGRGRFXPHQWR
1R TXH GL] UHVSHLWR j RUJDQL]DomR GHVWH GRFXPHQWR R PHVPR LQLFLDVH FRP GRLV
FDStWXORVXPLQWURGXWyULRHXPFDStWXORRQGHpIHLWRRHQTXDGUDPHQWRGHVWH7)0
6HJXLQGRVH XP FDStWXOR PDLV SRUPHQRUL]DGR RQGH VmR GHILQLGRV RV FRQFHLWRVFKDYH
QHFHVViULRVSDUDDFRPSUHHQVmRGDWHPiWLFDH[SRVWDQHVWHWUDEDOKRGHPRGRDIDFLOLWDUD
FRPSUHHQVmRGHGHWHUPLQDGDWHUPLQRORJLDHVSHFtILFDGDiUHDGRVFXQKRVHFRUWDQWHV
2V GRLV PpWRGRV GH DERUGDJHP DR SURFHVVR GH SURMHWR GH XPD IHUUDPHQWD GH
HVWDPSDJHP PHWiOLFD VHUmR DQDOLVDGRV HP FDStWXORV GLVWLQWRV FRP HVWUXWXUDV LQWHUQDV
LGrQWLFDVGHPRGRDIDFLOLWDUDOHLWXUDHDFRPSDUDomRHQWUHDPERV
6HJXHVH XP FDStWXOR GH FRQFOXV}HV RQGH VHUi HIHWXDGD D FRPSDUDomR HQWUH RV GRLV
PpWRGRV H XP FDStWXOR ILQDO RQGH VHUi DQDOLVDGD D FRQFUHWL]DomR GD IHUUDPHQWD
SURMHWDGD













3iJLQDHPEUDQFR





&DStWXOR 
 2EMHWRGHHVWXGR
2REMHWRGHHVWXGRGRSUHVHQWH7)0VHUiXPDSHoDPHWiOLFDYHU)LJXUDFRQVWLWXLQWH
GH XP EDQFR DXWRPyYHO TXH VHUi H[HFXWDGR QR PDWHULDO 60& FXMDV SURSULHGDGHV
PHFkQLFDV WHyULFDV VH HQFRQWUDP SUHVHQWHV QR $QH[R $ 1R $QH[R % HQFRQWUDVH R
UHODWyULRGRVHQVDLRVGHWUDomRDTXHRPDWHULDOHPTXHVWmRIRLVXEPHWLGRQRODERUDWyULR
GHTXDOLGDGHGDHPSUHVD0DQXHOGD&RQFHLomR*UDoD/GD




)LJXUD2EMHWRGHHVWXGR





 1R GHFRUUHU GHVWH 7)0 DGRWDUHPRV RV YDORUHV WHyULFRV XPD YH] TXH DSHVDU GH H[LVWLUHP DOJXPDV
YDULDo}HVHQWUHRVYDORUHVWHyULFRVHRVYDORUHVHIHWLYDPHQWHPHGLGRVQDVFKDSDVDGTXLULGDVVHJXQGRHVWD
QRUPDGHPDWHULDOHVWDVYDULDo}HVVmRGHVSUH]iYHLV



 &DVRGHHVWXGRTooling
$ VXEFRQWUDWDomR SURFXUHPHQW GH IHUUDPHQWDV GH HVWDPSDJHP PHWiOLFD WRUQRXVH
QXPD DWLYLGDGH JOREDO H FRP D UHFHQWH HQWUDGD QR PHUFDGR GH SURGXWRUHV ORZ FRVW
SURYHQLHQWHVGHSDtVHVGDHXURSDGHOHVWHHGDiVLDWHPWRUQDGRHVWHPHUFDGRFDGDYH]
PDLVFRPSHWLWLYR>@
&RPDLQVWDODomRGDFULVHHFRQyPLFDXPSRXFRSRUWRGDDHXURSDHDPpULFDGRQRUWHRV
FRQVWUXWRUHV DXWRPyYHLV JHQHUDOLVWDV GHSDUDPVH FRP R IHQyPHQR GD UHGXomR GH
YHQGDVXPDYH]TXHRDPELHQWHGHSHVVLPLVPRHFRQyPLFROHYDRVFRQVXPLGRUHVGHVWDV
UHJL}HV D UHWUDtUHPVH QRV VHXV KiELWRV GH FRQVXPR (VWD TXHEUD QDV YHQGDV GH
DXWRPyYHLVQRYRVFRORFDRVFRQVWUXWRUHVQXPDVLWXDomRFRPSOLFDGDQDPHGLGDHPTXH
VHYrPIRUoDGRVDEDL[DUFDGDYH]PDLVRVSUHoRVGRVDXWRPyYHLVQDHVSHUDQoDGHLUHP
DR HQFRQWUR GDV HVSHFWDWLYDV GRV FOLHQWHV 1HVWD EXVFD GH UHGXomR GH SUHoRV H[LVWHP
GXDV PHGLGDV TXH DIHWDP GLUHWDPHQWH D iUHD GH QHJyFLR GDV IHUUDPHQWDV GH
HVWDPSDJHP D SULPHLUD PHGLGD p R DXPHQWR GR FLFOR GH YLGD GRV SURGXWRV
DXWRPyYHLVTXHDWUDYpVGRDWUDVRQRODQoDPHQWRGHQRYRVPRGHORVSHUPLWHUHGX]LURV
FXVWRV DVVRFLDGRV j SURGXomR GRV PHVPRV UHQWDELOL]DQGR RV LQYHVWLPHQWRV Mi IHLWRV
OLQKDV GH PRQWDJHP IHUUDPHQWDV GH HVWDPSDJHP HQWUH RXWURV D VHJXQGD PHGLGD
FRQVLVWHQDUHGXomRGRVJDVWRVFRPRVDUUDQTXHVGHQRYRVSURGXWRVQRPHDGDPHQWHD
PRELOL]DomR GH OLQKDV GH PRQWDJHP SDUD SDtVHV GLWRV ORZ FRVW WHQGR FRPR REMHWLYR
EHQHILFLDU GH SUHoRV GH PmRGHREUD LQIHULRUHV DVVLP FRPR PHQRUHV REULJDo}HV DR
QtYHOGDVD~GHVHJXUDQoDHREULJDo}HVVRFLDLVHPVLPXOWkQHRFRPDUHGXomRGRVOHDG
WLPHV GH SURMHWRDUUDQTXH GH SURGXomR OyJLFD MXVWLQWLPH (VWD UHDOLGDGH FRPHoD
WDPEpPDID]HUVHVHQWLUQRQHJyFLRGDVIHUUDPHQWDVGHHVWDPSDJHPFRPDHQWUDGDQR
PHUFDGRGHIDEULFDQWHVGHIHUUDPHQWDVGHHVWDPSDJHPFRPVHGHVQRVMiUHIHULGRVSDtVHV
ORZ FRVW >@ (VWH FHQiULR GHL[D RV IDEULFDQWHV GH IHUUDPHQWDV GH HVWDPSDJHP
SRUWXJXHVHVQXPDSRVLomRGHOLFDGDUHODWLYDPHQWHDRIXWXURQDPHGLGDHPTXHVHWRUQD
LPSHUDWLYR D QHFHVVLGDGH GH QRYRV PpWRGRV SDUD UHQWDELOL]DUHP R VHX QHJyFLR
PDQWHQGRDVHPSUHQHFHVViULDTXDOLGDGHHFRPSHWLWLYLGDGH






 0RGHORGHQHJyFLR
2PRGHORGHQHJyFLRTXHVHUiDQDOLVDGRQHVWH7)0VHUiRPRGHORGHVXEFRQWUDWDomRGH
IHUUDPHQWDV SDUD HVWDPSDJHP GH FRPSRQHQWHV PHWiOLFRV D HPSUHVDV H[WHULRUHV j
HPSUHVDTXHFRQFHEHXRSURMHWRGRSURGXWRILQDO2FLFORLQLFLDVHFRPDDWLYLGDGHGH
SURFXUHPHQW DWUDYpV GD TXDO VH HOHJHP GR FDWiORJR GH IRUQHFHGRUHV GH IHUUDPHQWDV
H[LVWHQWHVQRPHUFDGRRVTXHSRVVXDPFDSDFLGDGHGLVSRQLELOLGDGHSDUDDHODERUDomRGR
UHIHULGRSURGXWRYHU)LJXUD



)LJXUD)OX[RJUDPDGRPRGHORGHQHJyFLRTooling

$SyV HVWD VHOHomR LQLFLDO GH IRUQHFHGRUHV VmR HPLWLGRV SHGLGRV GH RUoDPHQWR SDUD D
HODERUDomRGDUHIHULGDIHUUDPHQWD5HTXHVW)RU4XRWDWLRQ5)4SDUDRVIRUQHFHGRUHV
VHOHFLRQDGRV (P UHVSRVWD D HVWH 5)4 FDGD IRUQHFHGRU GH IHUUDPHQWDV GHYHUi HQYLDU
SDUDDOpPGHXPRUoDPHQWRSRUPHQRUL]DGRGDSURGXomRHPRQWDJHPGDIHUUDPHQWDXP
HVWXGRVREDIRUPDGHEDQGDRQGHVHMDSHUFHWtYHOTXDODHVWUDWpJLDTXHHVVHIRUQHFHGRU
LUiXWLOL]DUSDUDDH[HFXomRGDSHoD3RUQRUPDHVWHHVWXGRLQLFLDOpVHPSUHXPHVWXGR
VXSHUILFLDO YLVWR TXH QmR HVWDQGR R QHJyFLR DLQGD DGMXGLFDGR GHYH VHU SURFXUDGR R




HTXLOtEULR HQWUH D UDSLGH] QD UHVSRVWD H D FODUD GHPRQVWUDomR GH FDSDFLGDGHV WpFQLFDV
SDUDDUHDOL]DomRGRSURMHWRHPTXHVWmR
$SyVDQiOLVHSRUSDUWHGRFOLHQWHGRVYiULRVRUoDPHQWRVHGDVYiULDVEDQGDVUHFHELGDV
R FOLHQWH HIHWXDUi D DGMXGLFDomR GR WUDEDOKR D XP GHVVHV IRUQHFHGRUHV H[LJLQGR GH
VHJXLGDXPHVWXGRDSURIXQGDGRGDHVWUDWpJLDTXHRIRUQHFHGRULUiXWLOL]DUSDUDH[HFXWDU
D IHUUDPHQWD H HP ~OWLPD DQiOLVH DV RSHUDo}HV TXH LUi XWLOL]DU SDUD H[HFXWDU DV SHoDV
ILQDLV
2 FOLHQWH QHJRFLDUi GH VHJXLGD FRP R IRUQHFHGRU TXDO D PHOKRU PDQHLUD SDUD D
HODERUDomR GD IHUUDPHQWD 4XDQGR DPERV HVWLYHUHP HP VLQWRQLD TXDQWR j PHOKRU
HVWUDWpJLD D DGRWDU UHODWLYDPHQWH j HODERUDomR GD IHUUDPHQWD R IRUQHFHGRU LUi HQWmR
SURMHWDUDIHUUDPHQWDWHQGRFRPREDVHDEDQGDILQDO)LQGRHVWHSHUtRGRGHSURMHWRGD
IHUUDPHQWD D PHVPD p ODQoDGD HP SURGXomR VHQGR SRVWHULRUPHQWH PRQWDGD HVWDQGR
HQWmRSURQWDSDUDDSUy[LPDIDVHDIDVHGRVHQVDLRV7U\RXWV$IDVHGHHQVDLRVpXPD
GDV IDVHV PDLV LPSRUWDQWHV XPD YH] TXH FRP RV SULPHLURV HQVDLRV VXUJHP VHPSUH
DOJXPDVDOWHUDo}HVTXHVmRQHFHVViULDVLQWURGX]LUQRSURMHWRSUREOHPDVIXQFLRQDLVGD
IHUUDPHQWDSUREOHPDVQDPDTXLQDomRGHHOHPHQWRVGDIHUUDPHQWDHWF
)LQDOL]DQGRRSHUtRGRGHHQVDLRVDIHUUDPHQWDpDSURYDGDSHORFOLHQWHHGDGDFRPRDSWD
SDUDHQWUDUHPSURGXomRVpULH

 (QTXDGUDPHQWR
'HVWH PRGR D iUHD GH DWXDomR GHVWH 7)0 QR PRGHOR GH QHJyFLR DTXL GHVFULWR
FRQFHQWUDVHQDDJLOL]DomRGDFULDomRGRVGRFXPHQWRVQHFHVViULRVDWRGRHVWHSURFHVVR
DHODERUDomRGDEDQGDSDUDRUoDPHQWRDHODERUDomRGDEDQGDDILQDOHDHODERUDomRGR
SURMHWR GDIHUUDPHQWDSHUPLWLQGR DVVLPGLPLQXLURVSUD]RV PLQLPL]DU RVHUURVHHP
~OWLPDDQiOLVHRVFXVWRVDVVRFLDGRV
'HPRGRDWRUQDUPDLVIiFLODFRPSUHHQVmRGDVGLIHUHQoDVHQWUHRVPpWRGRVTXHVHUmR
H[SRVWRV QHVWH 7)0 WRUQDVH QHFHVViULR SURFHGHU DR HVFODUHFLPHQWR GH DOJXQV
FRQFHLWRVFKDYH H WHUPLQRORJLD XWLOL]DGD DQWHV GH VH DYDQoDU SDUD D DQiOLVH GH FDGD
PpWRGRVHQGRHVWHHVFODUHFLPHQWRIHLWRQRFDStWXORVHJXLQWH





&DStWXOR 
 &XQKRVHFRUWDQWHV&RQFHLWRVFKDYH
1RSUHVHQWHFDStWXORGHILQLUHPRVDOJXQVFRQFHLWRVFKDYHSDUDDFRPSUHHQVmRGRWHPD
H[SRVWRDVVLPFRPRGHILQLUHPRVDOJXPDOLQJXDJHPHVSHFtILFDGRPHLRGRSURMHWRGRV
FXQKRVHFRUWDQWHV

 2SHUDo}HVEiVLFDV
3RU GHILQLomR D HVWDPSDJHP p XP SURFHVVR GH FRQIRUPDomR PHFkQLFD TXH DWUDYpV GH
XPFRQMXQWRGHRSHUDo}HVWUDQVIRUPDFKDSDVSODQDVVREDIRUPDGHWLUDVUHWDQJXODUHV
RX URORV GH FKDSD HP SHoDV PHWiOLFDV FRP FRQWRUQRV H IRUPDV SUpGHILQLGRV
WLSLFDPHQWHRSURGXWRILQDO(VWDVRSHUDo}HVVmRVXEPHWLGDVjVFKDSDVUHFRUUHQGRDXPD
SUHQVDPHFkQLFDRXKLGUiXOLFDTXHDWUDYpVGHXPDIHUUDPHQWDSURJUHVVLYDRXWUDQVIHU
DSOLFDUiGHIRUPDVHTXHQFLDODVRSHUDo}HVSUpGHILQLGDVjFKDSDGHPRGRDSURGX]LUD
SHoDILQDO
$SUHVHQWDUHPRV GH VHJXLGD DV GLIHUHQWHV RSHUDo}HV EiVLFDV D TXH D FKDSD SRGH VHU
VXEPHWLGD GXUDQWH XP SURFHVVR GH FRQIRUPDomR PHFkQLFD SRGHQGR HVWDV RSHUDo}HV
VHUHPDSOLFDGDVVHSDUDGDRXVLPXOWDQHDPHQWHjFKDSDHPFDGDHVWDomRGDIHUUDPHQWD

 &RUWH
$V RSHUDo}HV GH FRUWH FRQVLVWHP QD UHPRomR GH PDWHULDO SUHVHQWH QR IRUPDWR LQLFLDO
GHVQHFHVViULR j SURGXomR GD SHoD ILQDO (VWDV UHPRo}HV SRGHP VHU IHLWDV DR ORQJR GR
FRQWRUQRH[WHULRUGDSHoDDVVLPFRPRQRLQWHULRUGRVFRQWRUQRVGDPHVPDVREDIRUPD
GHIXURVUDVJRVHQWUHRXWURV
$VRSHUDo}HVGHFRUWHVmRWLSLFDPHQWHHIHWXDGDVDSULRULGDVRSHUDo}HVGHGREUDJHPH
HVWDPSDJHP TXDQGR D FKDSD DLQGD VH HQFRQWUD SODQD 1R HQWDQWR HP FHUWRV FDVRV
HVSHFtILFRV SRGH VHU YDQWDMRVR FRQIHULU SULPHLUR DOJXPD IRUPD j SHoD ILQDO H HIHWXDU
FHUWDVRSHUDo}HVGHFRUWHSRVWHULRUPHQWHGHPRGRDJDUDQWLUXPDPDLRUHVWDELOLGDGHGR
SURFHVVRSURGXWLYRHHYLWDUGHIRUPDo}HVGRVFRQWRUQRVGHGHWHUPLQDGRVFRUWHVIXURVRX
UDVJRVSRURSHUDo}HVGHGHIRUPDomRPHFkQLFDSRVWHULRUHV




0DLV HP SRUPHQRU DV RSHUDo}HV GH FRUWH VmR H[HFXWDGDV SRU GRLV FRPSRQHQWHV
SULQFLSDLV R SXQomR GH FRUWH H D PDWUL] GH FRUWH VHQGR TXH HP FDVRV SDUWLFXODUHV
SRGHUmRH[LVWLUWDPEpPRHQFRVWDGRUHXPRXYiULRVH[WUDWRUHVSDUDRUHWUDoR(QWUHD
DUHVWDGHFRUWHGRSXQomRHDGDPDWUL]H[LVWLUiXPDIROJDTXHGHILQLUHPRVFRPRIROJD
GHFRUWH
(VWHWLSRGHRSHUDo}HVSRGHVHUGLYLGLGRHPIDVHVGLVWLQWDVVHQGRTXHQDSULPHLUDIDVH
R SXQomR FRPSULPH D FKDSD TXH VH HQFRQWUD VREUH D PDWUL] )LJXUD  D H E 1R
LQVWDQWHVHJXLQWHH[LVWHXPDGHIRUPDomRSOiVWLFDGDFKDSDGHYLGRjDomRGRSXQomRHj
H[LVWrQFLDGDIROJDGHFRUWH)LJXUDF4XDQGRHVWDGHIRUPDomRDWLQJHROLPLWHGH
URWXUDGRPDWHULDOGiVHDVHSDUDomRFRPSOHWDDWUDYpVGHXPDUURPEDPHQWR)LJXUD
G $ RSHUDomR GH FRUWH ILQDOL]DVH FRP D VHSDUDomR GR UHWUDoR UHODWLYDPHQWH DR
SXQomRHDH[WUDomRGRSXQomRGRLQWHULRUGDFKDSD)LJXUDG>@



)LJXUD'LIHUHQWHVIDVHVGDVRSHUDo}HVGHFRUWHDGDSWDomRGH>@

$H[LVWrQFLDGHXPHQFRVWDGRUQHVWHWLSRGHRSHUDo}HVWHPFRPRREMHWLYRDREWHQomRGH
XP FRUWH IXUR UDVJR HWF VHP TXH QR SURFHVVR VH GHIRUPHP DV UHJL}HV FLUFXQGDQWHV
)LJXUDEDVVLPFRPRSHUPLWLUDH[WUDomRGRSXQomRGRLQWHULRUGDFKDSDGHSRLVGH
FRQVXPDGRRFRUWH)LJXUDH3DUDRHIHLWRRHQFRVWDGRUGHYHUiSUHVVLRQDUDFKDSD
DQWHVGRSXQomRHQWUDUHPFRQWDFWRFRPDFKDSDHGHYHUiGHL[DUGHHVWDUHPFRQWDFWR
FRPDPHVPDGHSRLVGRSXQomRMiQmRVHHQFRQWUDUGHQWURGDFKDSD2IXQFLRQDPHQWR
GHVWHV HQFRVWDGRUHV p FRQVHJXLGR FRP UHFXUVR D VLVWHPDV HOiVWLFRV HODVWyPHURV RX
PRODVDJiVSRUH[HPSOR>@YHU)LJXUD



 2V HQFRVWDGRUHV XWLOL]DGRV QDV RSHUDo}HV GH FRUWH VmR WDPEpP FRQKHFLGRV QR PHLR GRV FXQKRV H
FRUWDQWHVFRPRSLVDV

2UHWUDoRFRQVLVWHQRSHGDoRGHFKDSDTXHDSyVDRSHUDomRGHFRUWHpGHVFDUWDGR




)LJXUD)XQFLRQDPHQWRGRVHQFRVWDGRUHVDGDSWDomRGH>@

$ XWLOL]DomR GH H[WUDWRUHV SDUD RV UHWUDoRV WHP FRPR REMHWLYR D VHSDUDomR GHVWHV
UHODWLYDPHQWHDRVSXQo}HVQRILQDOGDRSHUDomRGHFRUWH
'HYLGR DRV HVIRUoRV D TXH DV IHUUDPHQWDV GH HVWDPSDJHP PHWiOLFD HVWmR VXMHLWDV
H[LVWHP VHPSUH JUDQGHV FXLGDGRV FRP D FRUUHWD OXEULILFDomR GH WRGRV RV HOHPHQWRV
LQWHUYHQLHQWHVQHVWHSURFHVVR1RHQWDQWRRHIHLWREHQpILFRGHVWDVOXEULILFDo}HVDFDUUHWD
HIHLWRVVHFXQGiULRVTXHGHYHPVHUFRQWUDULDGRV1RPHDGDPHQWHQDVRSHUDo}HVGHFRUWH
HVWD OXEULILFDomR WRUQDVH GHVYDQWDMRVD QD PHGLGD HP TXH RV UHWUDoRV GH PHQRU
GLPHQVmR H SRU FRQVHTXrQFLD PHQRU SHVR SRGHUmR DGHULU DR SXQomR QR ILQDO GH XPD
RSHUDomRGHFRUWH(VWDDGHVmRSRGHUiWHUHIHLWRVFDWDVWUyILFRVXPDYH]TXHRUHWUDoRDR
SHUPDQHFHU QDSRQWD GRSXQomR SRGHUi OHYDU jGDQLILFDomRGR PHVPRQD RSHUDomRGH
FRUWHVXEVHTXHQWHRXGDQLILFDUDVDUHVWDVGHFRUWHGDPDWUL]'HUHIHULUWDPEpPTXHQR
DPELHQWHFRPSHWLWLYRHPTXHDSURGXomRGRVFRPSRQHQWHVPHWiOLFRVSDUDDLQG~VWULD
DXWRPyYHO pHIHWXDGDDVFDGrQFLDVGHSURGXomR H[LJLGDVjVIHUUDPHQWDVVmR HOHYDGDV
GH PRGR D FRQVHJXLUHP HTXLSDUDUVH FRP DV SURGXo}HV DQXDLV FRQWUDWDGDV SHOR TXH
HVWDV SHTXHQDV IDOKDV UHSUHVHQWDP QmR Vy XP FXVWR GLUHWR GH UHSDUDomR GRV
FRPSRQHQWHVGDQLILFDGRVGDIHUUDPHQWDGHPRGRDUHSRUDVVXDVFRQGLo}HVSURGXWLYDV




FRPR WDPEpP XP FXVWR LQGLUHWR PXLWR VXSHULRU SRU SRGHU FRORFDU HP ULVFR WRGR R
SODQHDPHQWRGHSURGXomRGHXPDXQLGDGHIDEULOFRPWRGDVDVSHQDOL]Do}HVLQHUHQWHVDR
LQFXPSULPHQWRGRVFRQWUDWRVDVVLQDGRV

 'REUDJHP
$V RSHUDo}HV GH GREUDJHP FRQVLVWHP QD GREUDJHP GH DEDV SDWLOKDV RX VLPLODUHV
DWUDYpVGHXPDRSHUDomRGHVXMHLomRPHFkQLFDPXLWRVHPHOKDQWHjTXLQDJHP1HVWHWLSR
GH RSHUDo}HV R SXQomR RX FXQKR GH GREUD VXMHLWDUi D FKDSD D GREUDU VREUH R UDLR GH
FDQWRGDPDWUL]GDPDWUL]GHGREUDVHQGRTXHHQWUHDPERVGHYHUiILJXUDUXPDIROJDTXH
QROLPLWHVHUiRYDORUGDHVSHVVXUDGDFKDSDYHU)LJXUD


)LJXUD'LIHUHQWHVIDVHVGDVRSHUDo}HVGHGREUDJHPDGDSWDomRGH>@

(VWHWLSRGHRSHUDo}HVFDUHFHGDXWLOL]DomRGHXPHQFRVWDGRUGHPRGRDTXHTXDQGRR
SXQomRLQLFLDDGREUDJHPGDFKDSD)LJXUDDRPRPHQWRUHVXOWDQWHQmRGHIRUPHD
UHJLmRFLUFXQGDQWHGD]RQDDGREUDU$XWLOL]DomRGHXPHQFRVWDGRUJDUDQWHWDPEpPTXH
RSRVLFLRQDPHQWRGDGREUDLPSHGLQGRTXHDSHoDDGREUDUVHPRYDGXUDQWHDRSHUDomR
GHGREUDJHP



 (VWDPSDJHP
$V RSHUDo}HV GH HVWDPSDJHP SHUPLWHP FRQIHULU IRUPDV FRPSOH[DV jV FKDSDV D
HVWDPSDU 1HVWH WLSR GH RSHUDo}HV R SXQomR RX FXQKR GH HVWDPSDU WHUi D IRUPD
SRVLWLYDHDPDWUL]GHHVWDPSDUDIRUPDQHJDWLYDVHQGRTXHHQWUHDPERVH[LVWLUiXPD
IROJDTXHQROLPLWHVHUiDHVSHVVXUDGDFKDSDYHU)LJXUD
2HQFRVWDGRUpXPHOHPHQWRTXHWHPFRPRSULQFLSDOIXQomRFRQWURODURHVFRDPHQWRGD
FKDSD GXUDQWH D RSHUDomR GH HVWDPSDJHP HQTXDQWR D PHVPD VH HQFRQWUD D DGTXLULU D
IRUPD SUHVHQWH QRFRQMXQWR FXQKRPDWUL] GHHVWDPSDU2FRQWUROR GHVWHHVFRDPHQWR p
UHDOL]DGRDWUDYpVGDDSOLFDomRGHSUHVVmRVREUHDFKDSDFULDQGRDVVLPRDWULWRQHFHVViULR
SDUDFRQWUDULDURUHIHULGRHVFRDPHQWR>@



)LJXUD5HSUHVHQWDomRGRVHOHPHQWRVGHHVWDPSDJHPDGDSWDomRGH>@



2VHQFRVWDGRUHVXWLOL]DGRVQDVRSHUDo}HVGHHVWDPSDJHPVmRWDPEpPFRQKHFLGRVQRPHLRGRVFXQKRVH
FRUWDQWHVFRPRFHUUDFKDSDV




'HYLGR j FRPSOH[LGDGH DFUHVFLGD GHVWH WLSR GH RSHUDo}HV D VHTXHQFLDomR GRV
DFRQWHFLPHQWRVGHYHUiVHUDVHJXLQWH
 $FKDSDpFRORFDGDVREUHDPDWUL]
 2HQFRVWDGRUFRPHoDDH[HUFHUDVXDDomRVREUHDFKDSD
 2FXQKRLQLFLDDFRQIRUPDomRGDFKDSDIRUFDQGRDDGHVOL]DUHQWUHRHQFRVWDGRU
HDPDWUL]
 $RWHUPLQDUDFRQIRUPDomRGDFKDSDHQWUHRFXQKRHDPDWUL]WHUPLQDWDPEpPD
RSHUDomRGHHVWDPSDJHP
6HJXLGDPHQWH VHUi QHFHVViULR H[WUDLU D SHoD GR LQWHULRU GR FXQKR RX GR LQWHULRU GD
PDWUL] GHSHQGHQGR GD IRUPD FRQFHGLGD j SHoD D PHVPD WHUi PDLRU WHQGrQFLD SDUD
DGHULU D XP RX RXWUR DSyV HVWD RSHUDomR $ H[WUDomR p FRQVXPDGD SHOD DWXDomR GRV
H[WUDWRUHVTXHH[SXOVDUmRPHFDQLFDPHQWHDSHoDHVWDPSDGD
'HSHQGHQGRGRJUDXGHFRPSOH[LGDGHHVWHWLSRGHRSHUDo}HVSRGHGHYHVHUVXEPHWLGR
D XPD DQiOLVH GH H[HTXLELOLGDGH TXDQWR j HQIRUPDELOLGDGH UHFRUUHQGR DR GLDJUDPD
OLPLWH GH HQIRUPDELOLGDGH YHU VHomR  DVVLP GHYH VHU DFDXWHODGDD SRVVLELOLGDGH
GRDSDUHFLPHQWRGHHIHLWRVGHUHFXSHUDomRHOiVWLFDYHUVHomR

 &DOLEUDomR
2 ~OWLPR WLSR GH RSHUDo}HV H[LVWHQWH HP SURFHVVRV GH HVWDPSDJHP PHWiOLFD p D
FDOLEUDomR (VWDV RSHUDo}HV FRQVLVWHP QD UHFRPIRUPDomR GH XPD SHoD SUHYLDPHQWH
HVWDPSDGDHWrPFRPRREMHWLYRDDILQDomRGHFHUWRVSRQWRVLPSRUWDQWHVGDJHRPHWULD
GDSHoDILQDOWDLVFRPRSODQRVGHDVVHQWDPHQWRFRPH[LJrQFLDVGLPHQVLRQDLVHOHYDGDV
TXHSRVVDPQmRWHUILFDGRFRUUHWDPHQWHFRQIRUPDGRVQDVRSHUDo}HVGHHVWDPSDU
(VWH WLSR GH RSHUDomR SHUPLWH WDPEpP DWHQXDU RV HIHLWRV GH UHFXSHUDomR HOiVWLFD YHU
VHomRTXHQRUPDOPHQWHVHSRGHPREVHUYDUQDVRSHUDo}HVGHHVWDPSDJHP

 &RQFHLWRVSDUWLFXODUHV
2V SURFHVVRV GH FRQIRUPDomR PHFkQLFD GH FKDSDV PHWiOLFDV SRVVXHP DOJXQV
DFRQWHFLPHQWRVTXHDIHWDPRQRUPDOIXQFLRQDPHQWRGRVPHVPRVDGLFLRQDQGRXPJUDX
H[WUDGHFRPSOH[LGDGHjVRSHUDo}HVGHHVWDPSDJHPSURIXQGD





'HILQLUHPRVGHVHJXLGDRVFRQFHLWRVSDUWLFXODUHVGHHQIRUPDELOLGDGHHGHUHFXSHUDomR
HOiVWLFD

 (QIRUPDELOLGDGH
2 FRQFHLWR GH HQIRUPDELOLGDGH UHODFLRQD R QtYHO Pi[LPR GH GHIRUPDomR TXH XP
GHWHUPLQDGR PDWHULDO FRQVHJXH VXSRUWDU VHP TXH RFRUUD R DSDUHFLPHQWR GH ILVVXUDV
UHGXo}HV GH HVSHVVXUDV HVWLUDPHQWRV RX HQUXJDPHQWRV >@ (VWH FRQFHLWR DVVHQWD QD
7HRULDGD(ODVWLFLGDGH5REHUW+RRNHTXHFDUDFWHUL]DDUHODomRH[LVWHQWHHQWUH
DVWHQV}HVHDVGHIRUPDo}HVTXHH[LVWHQRVPDWHULDLVGXUDQWHXPFDUUHJDPHQWR>@
'H PRGR D SRGHU SUHYHU R FRPSRUWDPHQWR GR PDWHULDO GXUDQWH D GHIRUPDomR p
QHFHVViULRSURFHGHUjGHWHUPLQDomRGDFXUYDOLPLWHGHHQIRUPDELOLGDGHDWUDYpVGHXPD
VXFHVVmR GH HQVDLRV GHVWUXWLYRV GH GHIRUPDomR PHWiOLFD FRP SURYHWHV GH GLIHUHQWHV
JHRPHWULDVYHU)LJXUD



)LJXUD'LIHUHQWHVJHRPHWULDVGHSURYHWHVXWLOL]DGRVQRHQVDLRGH1DNDMLPD>@

2 HQVDLR GH 1DNDMLPD FRQVLVWH QD GHIRUPDomR GRV UHIHULGRV SURYHWHV DWp j URWXUD GRV
PHVPRVGHPRGRDFRQVHJXLUWUDoDUDFXUYDOLPLWHGHHQIRUPDELOLGDGHTXHUHODFLRQDDV
H[WHQV}HV SULQFLSDLV UHVXOWDQWHV GR HVWDGR GH WHQV}HV D TXH RV SURYHWHV HVWmR VXMHLWRV
FRP D UHVLVWrQFLD GR PDWHULDO (VWD FXUYD VHUYHSRVWHULRUPHQWH SDUD WUDoDU R GLDJUDPD




OLPLWH GH HQIRUPDELOLGDGH YHU )LJXUD  TXH SHUPLWH FDUDWHUL]DU PHOKRU R
FRPSRUWDPHQWRGRPDWHULDOGXUDQWHDVXDVROLFLWDomR>@



)LJXUD'LDJUDPDOLPLWHGHHQIRUPDELOLGDGHDGDSWDomRGH>@

2 GLDJUDPD OLPLWH GH HQIRUPDELOLGDGH HQFRQWUDVH RUJDQL]DGR HP GLIHUHQWHV iUHDV
FRUUHVSRQGHQWHVDGLIHUHQWHVFRPELQDo}HVGHGHIRUPDo}HVSULQFLSDLV
x

)LVVXUDV  UHD RQGH DV GHIRUPDo}HV VRIULGDV VmR VXSHULRUHV j GHIRUPDomR

Pi[LPDVXSRUWDGDSHORPDWHULDO

,QGtFLRVGH)LVVXUDVUHDRQGHDVGHIRUPDo}HVVRIULGDVSRGHPDLQGDOHYDUDR
DSDUHFLPHQWRGHILVVXUDVRFDVLRQDOPHQWH

5HGXomR GH (VSHVVXUD  UHD RQGH DV GHIRUPDo}HV VRIULGDV FDXVDP

HVWLUDPHQWRV ORFDOL]DGRV QR PDWHULDO UHVXOWDQGR QXPD DFHQWXDGD UHGXomR GH
HVSHVVXUD

*HOKDVUHDRQGHDVGHIRUPDo}HVVRIULGDVFDXVDPJHOKDVRXHQUXJDPHQWRV

,QGtFLRVGH*HOKDVUHDRQGHDVGHIRUPDo}HVVRIULGDVSRGHPDLQGDOHYDUDR
DSDUHFLPHQWRGHJHOKDVRFDVLRQDOPHQWH




 2V HQUXJDPHQWRV UHVXOWDQWHV GH XP SURFHVVR GH HVWDPSDJHP LPSHUIHLWR VmR WDPEpP FRQKHFLGRV QR
PHLRGRVFXQKRVHFRUWDQWHVFRPRJHOKDV





x

(VWDPSDJHP,QVXILFLHQWHUHDRQGHDVGHIRUPDo}HVVRIULGDVQmRSHUPLWHPD
FRUUHWDFRQIRUPDomRjQRYDJHRPHWULDSRUSDUWHGRPDWHULDOVXMHLWDGRSRGHQGR
RFRUUHUUHFXSHUDomRHOiVWLFD

=RQD GH HVWDPSDJHP  UHD RQGH DV GHIRUPDo}HV VRIULGDV SHUPLWHP D FRUUHWD
FRQIRUPDomRjQRYDJHRPHWULDSRUSDUWHGRPDWHULDOVXMHLWDGR

1D VHomR  IRL GHVFULWR R IXQFLRQDPHQWR GH HQFRVWDGRU GH HVWDPSDJHP RX FHUUD
FKDSDV FDVRHVWH QmR SRVVXDD IRUoD DGHTXDGDH[LVWLUi XPHVFRDPHQWR H[FHVVLYR GH
PDWHULDO UHVXOWDQGR QRHQUXJDPHQWR GD FKDSDQDV UHJL}HVFLUFXQGDQWHV j HVWDPSDJHP
3RURXWURODGRFDVRRHQFRVWDGRUSRVVXDIRUoDH[FHVVLYDDFKDSDQmRFRQVHJXLUiFRUUHU
SDUDRLQWHULRUGRFRQMXQWRFXQKRPDWUL]VHQGRHQWmRREULJDGDDUHGX]LUDVXDHVSHVVXUD
GXUDQWHDHVWDPSDJHPSRGHQGRHVWDUHGXomRQROLPLWHUHVXOWDUQDILVVXUDomRGDFKDSD
'HVWHPRGRDVLWXDomRLGHDOVHUiDTXHODHPTXHRHQFRVWDGRUSHUPLWHRHVFRDPHQWRGH
FKDSDVXILFLHQWHGHPRGRDHYLWDUDVILVVXUDo}HVUHGXo}HVGHHVSHVVXUDVHPTXHSDUD
LVVRSHUPLWDRDSDUHFLPHQWRGHHQUXJDPHQWRVGDFKDSD(VWHHTXLOtEULRpPXLWDVYH]HV
GLItFLO GH VH REWHU GHYLGR j FRPSOH[LGDGH GDV HVWDPSDJHQV H j YDULDomR GDV
QHFHVVLGDGHVGHIRUoDQRHQFRVWDGRUDRORQJRGRSHUtPHWURGHHVWDPSDJHP1RVFDVRV
HP TXH VHMD YDQWDMRVR SRGH UHFRUUHUVH j DSOLFDomR GH FDQHOXUDV YHU )LJXUD 
SHTXHQDV VDOLrQFLDV FRP D IRUPD GH PHLDVFDQDV HP ORFDLV HVSHFtILFRV GH PRGR D
FRORFDUPDLRUHVGLILFXOGDGHVDRFRUULPHQWRGDFKDSD>@


)LJXUD5HSUHVHQWDomRGHDSOLFDomRGHFDQHOXUDVDGDSWDomRGH>@



 5HFXSHUDomRHOiVWLFD
2FRQFHLWRGHUHFXSHUDomRHOiVWLFDUHVXOWDQDGLIHUHQoDJHRPpWULFDHQWUHDSHoDILQDOQR
VHX HVWDGR GH VXMHLomRPHFkQLFD GHQWUR GD IHUUDPHQWD H D VXD IRUPD QR HVWDGR OLYUH
DSyV FRQIRUPDomR YHU )LJXUD  (VWD UHFXSHUDomR GHYHVH j GLVWULEXLomR QmR
XQLIRUPH GH SUHVVmR DR ORQJR GD HVSHVVXUD GD FKDSD DVVLP FRPR jV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
HODVWRSOiVWLFDVGRPDWHULDO'XUDQWHXPDGREUDJHPHVWDPSDJHPDUHJLmRLQWHULRUDHVVD
GREUDJHPHVWDPSDJHP p FRPSULPLGD HQTXDQWR D UHJLmR H[WHULRU p WUDFLRQDGD
7LSLFDPHQWHRVPDWHULDLVSRVVXHPYDORUHVGH UHVLVWrQFLDjFRPSUHVVmR VXSHULRUHVDRV
YDORUHV GH UHVLVWrQFLD j WUDomR R TXH QR OLPLWH SHUPLWH TXH GXUDQWH XPD
GREUDJHPHVWDPSDJHPDUHJLmRH[WHULRUWHQKDDWLQJLGRROLPLWHGHGHIRUPDomRSOiVWLFD
HQTXDQWR D UHJLmR LQWHULRU DLQGD VH HQFRQWUH QR UHJLPH HOiVWLFR (VWD VLWXDomR JHUD
GLVWRUo}HVJHRPpWULFDVQDSHoDGREUDGDHVWDPSDGDXPDTXHDUHJLmRLQWHULRUTXHDLQGD
VH HQFRQWUD QR UHJLPH HOiVWLFR LUi WHU XPD WHQGrQFLD GH UHJUHVVDU DR VHX HVWDGR QmR
GHIRUPDGR (VWD VLWXDomR p SRWHQFLDGD FDVR R PDWHULDO D GREUDUHVWDPSDU Mi SRVVXD
WHQV}HV UHVLGXDLV LQWHUQDV SURYHQLHQWHV GR VHX SURFHVVR GH IDEULFR URORV GH FKDSD
ODPLQDGRVDTXHQWHRXDIULR>@



)LJXUD5HFXSHUDomRHOiVWLFDRXHIHLWRGHPRODDGDSWDomRGH>@





(VWHHIHLWRpLQIOXHQFLDGRSRUXPFRQMXQWRFRQVLGHUiYHOGHYDULiYHLVWDLVFRPRRDWULWR
HQWUH R SXQomR RX FXQKR H D PDWUL] GH GREUDU RX HVWDPSDU DV IRUoDV XWLOL]DGDV SDUD
SUHQGHU D FKDSD HQFRVWDGRU DV JHRPHWULDV GR FRQMXQWR FXQKRPDWUL] UDLRV
SURIXQGLGDGH GH HVWDPSDJHP FRPSOH[LGDGH GH HVWDPSDJHP DV SURSULHGDGHV
PHFkQLFDVGDFKDSDHDHVSHVVXUDGDPHVPD>@

 'HWHUPLQDomRGHYDULiYHLVGRSURFHVVR
1HVWD VHomR DERUGDUHPRV DOJXPDV PHWRGRORJLDV SDUD D GHWHUPLQDomR GH DOJXPDV
YDULiYHLV LPSRUWDQWHV SDUD R SURFHVVR DVVLP FRPR SDUD R FiOFXOR GH DOJXPDV IRUoDV
HQYROYLGDVQRSURMHWRGHIHUUDPHQWDVGHHVWDPSDJHPPHWiOLFD

 )ROJDGHFRUWH
8P GRV SDUkPHWURV PDLV LPSRUWDQWHV QR SURMHWR GH XPD IHUUDPHQWD GH HVWDPSDJHP
PHWiOLFD p D GHWHUPLQDomR GD IROJD GH FRUWH  (VWH YDORU p WLSLFDPHQWH XPD
SHUFHQWDJHPGDHVSHVVXUDGDFKDSDDFRUWDUKHDVSHUFHQWDJHQVYDULDPHPIXQomRGR
WLSRGHPDWHULDODFRUWDU3DUDRPDWHULDOGRREMHWRGHHVWXGRGHVWH7)0RVYDORUHVGH
IROJDGHFRUWHYDULDPHQWUHRVHRV>@1DHODERUDomRGHVWH7)0DGRWDUHPRVR
YDORUPpGLR
 




 )RUoDSULQFLSDOGHFRUWH
2 YDORU GD IRUoD SULQFLSDO GH FRUWH )& p EDVWDQWH LPSRUWDQWH HP WHUPRV GH
GLPHQVLRQDPHQWRGHXPDIHUUDPHQWDGXUDQWHDVXDIDVHGHSURMHWR
&RPRIRLGHVFULWRQDVHomRRFRUWHSURFHVVDVHSHODDomRGDVWHQV}HVGHFRUWHQD
]RQDGDIROJDGHFRUWHHDIRUoDPi[LPDGHFRUWHVHUiSURSRUFLRQDOjWHQVmRGHURWXUDDR
FRUWH5(VWHYDORUGHWHQVmRGHURWXUDDRFRUWHFRQVLVWHQXPDSURSRUomRGDWHQVmRGH
URWXUDGRHQVDLRGHWUDomRXQLD[LDO5GHPRGRDFRPWHPSODURHIHLWRGHHQFUXDPHQWR
GRPDWHULDOGXUDQWHRFRUWH7LSLFDPHQWHRYDORUGHVWDSURSRUomRSDUDDoRVYDULDHQWUH
 H  VHQGR TXH QD HODERUDomR GHVWH 7)0 DGRWDUVHi R YDORU GH  SDUD D
FRQVWDQWHGHHQFUXDPHQWR&>@3DUDDOpPGHVWHYDORURFiOFXORGDIRUoDSULQFLSDOGH




FRUWHpIXQomRGHYDULiYHLVWDLVFRPRRSHUtPHWURGHFRUWHSFHDHVSHVVXUDGRPDWHULDO
DFRUWDUK





 )RUoDGHH[WUDomR
$IRUoDGHH[WUDomR)(;7FRQVLVWHQDIRUoDQHFHVViULDSDUDH[WUDLURSXQomRGRLQWHULRU
GDFKDSDDSyVWHUVLGRHIHWXDGRRFRUWHHRVHXFiOFXORpIXQomRGHYDULiYHLVWDLVFRPR
DIROJDGHFRUWHRGHVJDVWHGRSXQomRRGHVJDVWHGDPDWUL]DXWLOL]DomRRXQmRGH
OXEULILFDQWHDHVSHVVXUDGRPDWHULDOKHWF'HVWHPRGRRFiOFXORGDIRUoDGHH[WUDomR
H[SUHVVDVHHPSLULFDPHQWHSRUXPDSHUFHQWDJHPGDIRUoDSULQFLSDOGHFRUWHHPIXQomR
GDHVSHVVXUDGHPDWHULDODFRUWDU1RFDVRGHVWH7)0HVSHVVXUDGHPPRVYDORUHV
GHIRUoDGHH[WUDomRYDULDPHQWUHRVHRVGDIRUoDSULQFLSDOGHFRUWH>@SHOR
TXHLUHPRVDGRWDURYDORUGH





 )RUoDGHGREUDJHP
$IRUoDGHGREUDJHP)'FRQVLVWHQDIRUoDQHFHVViULDSDUDHIHWXDUDGREUDGHXPDDED
RXSDWLOKDSRUXPSURFHVVRGHTXLQDJHPVLPSOHV2VHXFiOFXORGHSHQGHGDVVHJXLQWHV
YDULiYHLV WHQVmR GH URWXUD GR HQVDLR GH WUDomR XQLD[LDO 5 IDWRU FRUUHWLYR N' TXH
SRGHYDULDUHQWUHHSHORTXHSRUTXHVW}HVHPStULFDVRSWDUHPRVSRUXWLOL]DURYDORU
GHSDUDHVWH7)0GRFRPSULPHQWRGDGREUDJHPEGDSDWLOKDRXDEDDGREUDUGD
HVSHVVXUD GR PDWHULDO K GR UDLR GR FDQWR GR FXQKR UF GR UDLR GH FDQWR GD PDWUL]
UFP H GD IROJD HQWUH RFXQKR H DPDWUL] M$IRUPXODomR DTXL DSUHVHQWDGDSDUDHVWH
FiOFXOROHYDHPFRQVLGHUDomRRHQFUXDPHQWRGRPDWHULDODVVLPFRPRDURWDomRTXHD
IRUoDTXHRULJLQDRPRPHQWRYDLWHQGRDRORQJRGHVWHSURFHVVR>@







 )RUoDGRHQFRVWDGRUGHGREUDJHP
$ IRUoD GR HQFRVWDGRU GH GREUDJHP )(' FRQVLVWH QD IRUoD TXH GHYHUi VHU H[HUFLGD
VREUHDFKDSDGHPRGRDTXHGXUDQWHDRSHUDomRGHGREUDJHPHVWDQmRVHGHIRUPHFRP
RHVIRUoRGHGREUDJHP
8PDYH]TXHQHVWHSURFHVVRQmRH[LVWHFRUULPHQWRGHFKDSDRGLPHQVLRQDPHQWRGHVWD
IRUoDQmRFRUUHRULVFRGHVHUH[FHVVLYRXPDYH]TXHUHWLUDQGRDYDULiYHOHFRQyPLFDGD
HTXDomR QmR H[LVWH QHQKXPD FRQWUDSDUWLGD SDUD D FRORFDomR GH GHPDVLDGD IRUoD QR
HQFRVWDGRU GH GREUDJHP 'HVWH PRGR SDUD HIHLWRV GH FiOFXOR SDUD HVWH 7)0
DGPLWLUHPRVPHWDGHGRYDORUGDIRUoDGHGREUDJHP)'





 )RUoDGHHVWDPSDJHP
2FiOFXORGDIRUoDGHHVWDPSDJHPGHSHQGHGHGLYHUVDVYDULiYHLVVHQGRDOJXPDVGHVWDV
GH GLItFLO GHWHUPLQDomR 1R GHFRUUHU GHVWH 7)0 GHILQLUHPRV GRLV WLSRV GLVWLQWRV GH
FiOFXORV GH IRUoDV GH HVWDPSDJHP SDUD GLIHUHQWHV FRPSRQHQWHV GR REMHWR GH HVWXGR
GHVWH WUDEDOKR D IRUoD GH HVWDPSDJHP QHFHVViULD SDUD HVWDPSDU D ERVVD FLOtQGULFD
SUHVHQWH QD SDUWH VXSHULRU GD SHoD H D IRUoD GH HVWDPSDJHP GR SHUILO ORQJLWXGLQDO GR
REMHWRGHHVWXGRHPIRUPDGH8

 )RUoDGHHVWDPSDJHP%RVVDFLOtQGULFD

$ IRUoD Pi[LPD QD RSHUDomR GH HVWDPSDJHP GH XPD ERVVD FLOtQGULFD )(% REWpPVH
DWUDYpV GD UHODomR HQWUH D WHQVmR UDGLDO U' QD UHJLmR GR UDLR GH FDQWR GD PDWUL]
)LJXUD3RQWR'GRSHUtPHWURGHHVWDPSDJHPUPHDHVSHVVXUDGDFKDSDK
 








)LJXUD(VWDPSDJHPGHERVVDFLOtQGULFDDGDSWDomRGH>@

2QGHDWHQVmRUDGLDOU'VHUiIXQomRGDWHQVmRUDGLDOGHYLGRDRFRUULPHQWRGDFKDSD
SDUDRLQWHULRUGRFRQMXQWRFXQKRPDWUL]UFRUGRLQFUHPHQWRGHWHQVmRUDGLDOGHYLGR
j GREUDJHP LQVWDQWkQHD QR SRQWR ( U( GR LQFUHPHQWR GH WHQVmR UDGLDO GHYLGR j
GREUDJHPLQVWDQWkQHDQRSRQWR'U'HGRLQFUHPHQWRGHWHQVmRUDGLDOGHYLGRDR
DWULWRQRLQWHUIDFHFKDSDPDWUL]UDWULWR
 




7RGDYLD DOJXPDV GHVWDV YDULiYHLV QHP VHPSUH VmR GH IiFLO REWHQomR H SDUD WRUQDU R
FiOFXORGDIRUoDPi[LPDGHHVWDPSDJHPGHXPDERVVDFLOtQGULFD)(%PDLVH[SHGLWR
FRQVLGHUDUHPRV D IRUPXODomR GHILQLGD SRU :3 5RPDQRZVNL >@ $V YDULiYHLV
HQYROYLGDVVmRRSHUtPHWURGHHVWDPSDJHPSHDHVSHVVXUDGDFKDSDKDWHQVmRGH
URWXUD GR HQVDLR GH WUDomR XQLD[LDO 5 H XP IDWRU FRUUHWLYR GH HVWDPSDJHP 4I 2
IDWRUFRUUHWLYRGHHVWDPSDJHPpXPDFRQVWDQWHGHWHUPLQDGDHPSLULFDPHQWHHTXHYDULD
HQWUHHSHORTXHQRGHFRUUHUGHVWHWUDEDOKRDGPLWLUHPRVRYDORUGH








 )RUoD GR HQFRVWDGRU GH HVWDPSDJHP %RVVD

FLOtQGULFD
2 FiOFXOR GD IRUoD GR HQFRVWDGRU GH HVWDPSDJHP SDUD HVWD RSHUDomR HP SDUWLFXODU
)((% p PDLRULWDULDPHQWH DVVHQWH HP FRQKHFLPHQWRV HPStULFRV SHOR TXH GHILQLUHPRV
HVWHYDORUFRPRVHQGRGRYDORUGDIRUoDGHHVWDPSDJHPGDERVVDFLOtQGULFD





 )RUoDGHHVWDPSDJHP(P8

$ IRUoD GH HVWDPSDJHP HP 8 )(8 FRQVLVWH QD IRUoD QHFHVViULD SDUD FRQIRUPDU R
SHUILO ORQJLWXGLQDO GR REMHWR GH HVWXGR HVWH FiOFXOR WHP FRPR YDULiYHLV D WHQVmR GH
URWXUDGRHQVDLRGHWUDomRXQLD[LDO5RIDWRUFRUUHWLYRN8TXHSRGHYDULDUHQWUHH
QHVWH7)0XWLOL]DUHPRVRYDORUGHSDUDHVWHIDWRURFRPSULPHQWRGR8DHVWDPSDU
EDHVSHVVXUDGRPDWHULDOKRUDLRGRFDQWRGRFXQKRUFRUDLRGHFDQWRGDPDWUL]
UFPHDIROJDHQWUHRFXQKRHDPDWUL]M>@






8PD YH] TXH D HVWDomR QD IHUUDPHQWD TXH H[HFXWDUi HVWD RSHUDomR QmR SRVVXL XP
HQFRVWDGRUQmRVHUiHIHWXDGRRFiOFXORGRPHVPR

 )RUoDGHFDOLEUDomR
7HRULFDPHQWHVHDVRSHUDo}HVGHHVWDPSDJHPSUHFHGHQWHVWLYHVVHPVLGRSHUIHLWDVLVWR
p VH FRQVHJXLVVHP FRQIRUPDU FRPSOHWDPHQWH D SHoD j VXD IRUPD ILQDO RV HVIRUoRV
H[HUFLGRVQDVRSHUDo}HVGHFDOLEUDomRVHULDPQXORV1RHQWDQWRDVHVWDPSDJHQVQXQFD
VmRSHUIHLWDVGHYLGRDIROJDVH[LVWHQWHVQDVIHUUDPHQWDVQDVSUHQVDVGHYLGRDRGHVJDVWH
GRVHOHPHQWRVGHHVWDPSDUDVVLPFRPRH[LVWHPVHPSUHDOJXQVHIHLWRVGHUHFXSHUDomR
HOiVWLFD 7HQGRWRGRVHVWHVIDWRUHVHPFRQWD SRGHPRVFRQFOXLU TXHRHVIRUoRH[HUFLGR
QXPDRSHUDomRGHFDOLEUDomRWDPEpPQmRVHUiQXOR1RHQWDQWRpSUiWLFDFRPXPQmR





VHDSXUDURYDORUGHVWDYDULiYHOXPDYH]TXHRYDORUTXHVHSRGHULDGDTXLDSXUDUVHULD
GHVSUH]iYHOUHODWLYDPHQWHjVUHVWDQWHVIRUoDVHPMRJR

 7LSRVGHIHUUDPHQWDV
1RTXHWRFDDFRQFHLWRVGHHODERUDomRGHIHUUDPHQWDVGHHVWDPSDJHPPHWiOLFDH[LVWHP
GRLVWLSRVGLVWLQWRVDVIHUUDPHQWDVSURJUHVVLYDVHDVIHUUDPHQWDVWUDQVIHU
&RPSDUDWLYDPHQWH DV IHUUDPHQWDV WUDQVIHU SHUILODPVH FRP R HVWDGRGDDUWH QR TXH
WRFD D IHUUDPHQWDV GH HVWDPSDJHP SRVVXHP DV PHOKRUHV WD[DV GH DSURYHLWDPHQWR GH
PDWpULDSULPD H SHUPLWHP XPD PDLRU FRPSOH[LGDGH jV SHoDV HVWDPSDGDV 3RU RXWUR
ODGR DV IHUUDPHQWDV SURJUHVVLYDV UHSUHVHQWDP XPD VROXomR PHQRV FRPSOH[D PDLV
EDUDWD H PXLWR PDLV FRPXP WHQGR HP FRQWD D FRPSOH[LGDGH H[WUD GRV VLVWHPDV GH
WUDQVIHUGHQRWDUTXHHP3RUWXJDOQmRH[LVWHPPXLWDVSUHQVDVSUHSDUDGDVSDUDHVWHWLSR
GHIHUUDPHQWDV

 )HUUDPHQWDVSURJUHVVLYDV
8PD IHUUDPHQWD SURJUHVVLYD p XP WLSR GH IHUUDPHQWD GH HVWDPSDJHP TXH WHP FRPR
REMHWLYR D WUDQVIRUPDomR GH PDWpULDSULPD WLSLFDPHQWH XP UROR GH FKDSD HP
FRPSRQHQWHVPHWiOLFRVDWUDYpVGDVRSHUDo}HVGHHVWDPSDJHPGHVFULWDVDQWHULRUPHQWH
$ SURGXomR GH SHoDV PHWiOLFDV HVWDPSDGDV DWUDYpV GHVWHV WLSRV GH IHUUDPHQWDV FDUHFH
WLSLFDPHQWHGRVVHJXLQWHVFRPSRQHQWHV
x

$IHUUDPHQWDSURJUHVVLYDFRPWRGRVRVHOHPHQWRVQHFHVViULRVjHODERUDomRGDV
YiULDVRSHUDo}HVUHTXHULGDVSDUDDREWHQomRGDVSHoDVILQDLV

8PD SUHQVD RQGH D IHUUDPHQWD LUiWUDEDOKDUWLSLFDPHQWH XPD SUHQVD PHFkQLFD

GHDOWDFDGrQFLDGHPRGRDUHQWDELOL]DUDSURGXomRGDVUHIHULGDVSHoDVILQDLV

8PDOLPHQWDGRUGHFKDSDDXWRPiWLFRTXHWHUiFRPRIXQomRGHVHQURODURUROR
GHFKDSDFRPDPDWpULDSULPDDHVWDPSDUHQGLUHLWDQGRDPHVPDGHPRGRDTXH
HVWDSRVVDDYDQoDUQRLQWHULRUGDIHUUDPHQWD

3RU ~OWLPR XP GLVSHUVRU DXWRPiWLFR GH yOHR GH PRGR D IDFLOLWDU R
IXQFLRQDPHQWRGDIHUUDPHQWDHYLWDQGRDTXHFLPHQWRVHJULSDJHQV

$ FRUUHWD VLQFURQL]DomR GH WRGRV HVWHV FRPSRQHQWHV GXUDQWH R IXQFLRQDPHQWR GD

IHUUDPHQWDpHVVHQFLDOSDUDDREWHQomRGDVUHIHULGDVSHoDVILQDLV




'HEUXoDQGR DJRUD D QRVVD DQiOLVH VREUH R IXQFLRQDPHQWR GD IHUUDPHQWD SURJUHVVLYD
HVWD GHYHUi SRVVXLU WRGRV RV HOHPHQWRV QHFHVViULRV j FRUUHWD FRQIRUPDomR GD PDWpULD
SULPDGHVGHRVHXHVWDGRLQLFLDOSODQRDWpjIRUPDHFRQWRUQRVILQDLVGDSHoD
$FODVVLILFDomRGHVWHWLSRGHIHUUDPHQWDVFRPRSURJUHVVLYDVGHYHVHDRIDFWRGHH[LVWLU
XPD VHTXrQFLD GH DOWHUDo}HV SURJUHVVLYDV j PDWpULDSULPD j PHGLGD TXH D FKDSD YDL
SHUFRUUHQGR DV GLIHUHQWHV HVWDo}HV GD IHUUDPHQWD RQGH YmR VHQGR H[HFXWDGDV QD
PDWpULDSULPD DV YiULDV RSHUDo}HV QHFHVViULDV $ GLVWkQFLD HQWUH HVWDV HVWDo}HV p
FRQVWDQWHHGHILQHVHFRPRVHQGRRSDVVRGDIHUUDPHQWDPHGLGDTXHDPDWpULDSULPD
YDL SHUFRUUHQGR DV YiULDV HVWDo}HV YDLVH IRUPDQGR XPD WLUD GH PDWpULDSULPD TXH VH
HQFRQWUDSDUFLDOPHQWHPRGLILFDGDVHQGRTXHDSHQDVQD~OWLPDHVWDomRGDIHUUDPHQWDp
TXHDSHoDILQDOpVHSDUDGDGHVWDWLUDTXHDSDUWLUGHDJRUDGHILQLUHPRVFRPRVHQGRD
EDQGDGDIHUUDPHQWDYHU)LJXUD
7HQGR HVWHV FRQFHLWRV GHILQLGRV SRGHPRV FDUDFWHUL]DU R IXQFLRQDPHQWR GH XPD
IHUUDPHQWDSURJUHVVLYDFRPRWHQGRDVHJXLQWHVHTXrQFLD
 $ EDQGD DYDQoD GHQWUR GD IHUUDPHQWD XPD GLVWkQFLD HTXLYDOHQWH DR YDORU GR
SDVVRGDIHUUDPHQWDSRUDomRGRDOLPHQWDGRUDXWRPiWLFR
 2FDEHoRWHGDSUHQVDGHVFHDWpDRVHXSRQWRPRUWRLQIHULRUSHUPLWLQGRDVVLPj
IHUUDPHQWDH[HFXWDUDVYiULDVRSHUDo}HVH[LVWHQWHVQDVYiULDVHVWDo}HVTXHQHVWH
LQVWDQWHSRVVXDPPDWpULDSULPDHPSRVLomRGHVHUSURFHVVDGD
 2FDEHoRWHGDSUHQVDUHJUHVVDDRSRQWRPRUWRVXSHULRU
 2DOLPHQWDGRUID]FRPTXHDEDQGDDYDQFHQRYDPHQWHXPSDVVR
 2FLFORUHSHWHVHGHQRYR
$SyV R SRQWR LQLFLDO GD EDQGD SHUFRUUHU SHOD SULPHLUD YH] WRGDV DV HVWDo}HV GD
IHUUDPHQWDREWpPVHXPDSHoDILQDORXPDLVFDVRDIHUUDPHQWDWHQKDVLGRSURMHWDGDGH
PRGRDSURGX]LUPDLVGRTXHXPDSHoDSRUSDQFDGDOHLDVHFXUVRFRPSOHWRGDSUHQVD













)LJXUD([HPSORGHIHUUDPHQWDSURJUHVVLYD








 )HUUDPHQWDVtransfer
$VIHUUDPHQWDVGRWLSRWUDQVIHUVmRIHUUDPHQWDVHPTXHRSURFHVVRDWUDYpVGRTXDODV
SHoDVILQDLVVmRSURGX]LGDVQmRFDUHFHGHXPDOLJDomRItVLFDHQWUHDVYiULDVRSHUDo}HV
HPYH]GLVVRDVSHoDVVmRHVWDPSDGDVDSDUWLUGHXPIRUPDWRSUpFRUWDGRTXHFRQVLVWH
QDTXDQWLGDGHPtQLPDRXDOJRSUy[LPRGHFKDSDQHFHVViULDSDUDDSURGXomRGDVSHoDV
$V YiULDV RSHUDo}HV GHVWDV IHUUDPHQWDV HQFRQWUDPVH GLVSRVWDV VHTXHQFLDOPHQWH QD
IHUUDPHQWDWDOFRPRQDVIHUUDPHQWDVSURJUHVVLYDVVHSDUDGDVHQWUHVLSRUXPDGLVWkQFLD
FHUWDRSDVVRGDIHUUDPHQWDQRHQWDQWRDSURJUHVVmRGDFKDSDQRLQWHULRUGDIHUUDPHQWD
p FRQVHJXLGD j FXVWD GH XP VLVWHPD DXWRPDWL]DGR TXH SRU LQWHUPpGLR GH XPD FDOKD
HVWUXWXUDO H XP FRQMXQWR GH JDUUDV GH DFLRQDPHQWR SQHXPiWLFR TXH PRYLPHQWDP RV
IRUPDWRVDRORQJRGDVYiULDVRSHUDo}HVGDIHUUDPHQWD(VWDDWXDomRGHPRYLPHQWDomR
GHIRUPDWRVDRORQJRGDIHUUDPHQWDpVLQFURQL]DGDFRPRIXQFLRQDPHQWRGDSUHQVDGH
PRGRDTXHVHFRQVLJDUHGX]LURVWHPSRVPRUWRVHDDVVLPUHQWDELOL]DURIXQFLRQDPHQWR
GDPHVPD
2IXQFLRQDPHQWRGHXPDIHUUDPHQWDWUDQVIHUFRQVLVWHQDVHJXLQWHVHTXrQFLD
 2VIRUPDWRVVmRFRORFDGRVQXPGLVSHQVDGRUGHIRUPDWRV
 2V IRUPDWRV VmR FRORFDGRV QD SULPHLUD RSHUDomR GD IHUUDPHQWD DWUDYpV GH XP
EUDoRURERWL]DGRGRWLSRSLFNDQGSODFH
 2FDEHoRWHGDSUHQVDGHVFHDWpDRVHXSRQWRPRUWRLQIHULRUSHUPLWLQGRDVVLPj
IHUUDPHQWDH[HFXWDUDVYiULDVRSHUDo}HVH[LVWHQWHVQDVYiULDVHVWDo}HVTXHQHVWH
LQVWDQWHSRVVXDPPDWpULDSULPDHPSRVLomRGHVHUSURFHVVDGD
 2FDEHoRWHGDSUHQVDUHJUHVVDDRSRQWRPRUWRVXSHULRU
 'XUDQWH D DVFHQVmR GR FDEHoRWH R VLVWHPD GH WUDQVIHU ID] FRP TXH D SHoD
SUHVHQWH QD SULPHLUD RSHUDomR GD IHUUDPHQWD VHMD WUDQVIHULGD SDUD D VHJXQGD
RSHUDomRHDVVLPVXFHVVLYDPHQWH
 2 EUDoR URERWL]DGR GR WLSR SLFNDQGSODFH FRORFD QRYDPHQWH XP IRUPDWR QD
SULPHLUDRSHUDomRGDIHUUDPHQWD



1HVWHWLSRGHIHUUDPHQWDVDPDWpULDSULPDQmRVHHQFRQWUDDUPD]HQDGDQXPURORGHFKDSDPDVDQWHV
QXPGLVSHQVDGRUGHIRUPDWRVSUpFRUWDGRVHVWHGLVSHQVDGRUSRVVXLXPVLVWHPDGHFRPSHQVDomRGHPRGR
DTXHRVPHVPRVVHMDPVHPSUHGLVSRQLELOL]DGRVSDUDVHUHPWUDQVIHULGRVSDUDRLQtFLRGDIHUUDPHQWDQD
PHVPDSRVLomRHP;<H=>@




 2FLFORUHSHWHVHGHQRYR
(VWHWLSRGHIHUUDPHQWDVVXUJLXGDQHFHVVLGDGHGHSURGX]LUSHoDVFRPJHRPHWULDVFDGD
YH]PDLVFRPSOH[DVDRGHL[DUGHSRVVXLUXPDOLJDomRItVLFDHQWUHDVGLYHUVDVRSHUDo}HV
WRUQDVH SRVVtYHO D FRORFDomR GH SXQo}HV FXQKRV PDWUL]HV H UHVWDQWHV FRPSRQHQWHV
LQHUHQWHV DR SURFHVVR GH HVWDPSDJHP HP ORFDLV TXH QXPD IHUUDPHQWD SURJUHVVLYD
VHULDP LPSRVVtYHLV H WDPEpP GD QHFHVVLGDGH FUHVFHQWH GH UHGX]LU R FRQVXPR GH
PDWpULDSULPDDVIHUUDPHQWDVWUDQVIHUSRVVXHPWLSLFDPHQWHYDORUHVGHDSURYHLWDPHQWR
GHPDWpULDSULPDVXSHULRUHVGHYLGRDGLVSHQVDUHPDOLJDomRItVLFDHQWUHRSHUDo}HV
1D )LJXUD  HQFRQWUDVH UHSUHVHQWDGD D SDUWH LQIHULRU GH XPD IHUUDPHQWD WUDQVIHU
RQGH p SRVVtYHO REVHUYDU D FDOKD HVWUXWXUDO TXH VH HQFRQWUD VLQFURQL]DGD FRP R
IXQFLRQDPHQWRGRFDEHoRWHGDSUHQVDHDVSLQoDVGHDFLRQDPHQWRSQHXPiWLFRTXHLUmR
VHJXUDUQDVSHoDVGXUDQWHDWUDQVIHUrQFLDHQWUHRSHUDo}HV




)LJXUD([HPSORGHIHUUDPHQWDWUDQVIHU





&DStWXOR 
 0pWRGRWUDGLFLRQDOGHSURMHWR
2SURMHWRGHIHUUDPHQWDVSURJUHVVLYDVSDUDHVWDPSDJHPGHHOHPHQWRVPHWiOLFRVpXPD
WDUHID DOWDPHQWH HVSHFLDOL]DGD TXH UHTXHU SRU SDUWH GR SURMHWLVWD DOJXQV DQRV GH
H[SHULrQFLD2GHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHEDQGDVRSURMHWRGHHOHPHQWRVGHHVWDPSDJHPHGH
FRUWH D VHOHomR GH HOHPHQWRV QRUPDOL]DGRV >@ VmR DV SULQFLSDLV DWLYLGDGHV TXH R
SURMHWLVWD GH IHUUDPHQWDV WHP TXH H[HFXWDU VHQGR HVWDV DWLYLGDGHV EDVWDQWH PDQXDLV
UHSHWLWLYDVHPXLWRVXVFHWtYHLVDHUURV>@

 3UHSDUDomRLQLFLDO
+RMH HP GLD QR DUUDQTXH GH TXDOTXHU SURMHWR GH XPD IHUUDPHQWD GH HVWDPSDJHP
PHWiOLFDpQHFHVViULRUHXQLUVHPSUHDOJXPDLQIRUPDomRQRPHDGDPHQWHRGHVHQKRGD
SHoD ILQDO ' H ' FDGHUQR GH HQFDUJRV VHJXQGR R TXDO D IHUUDPHQWD GHYHUi VHU
SURMHWDGDGRFXPHQWRTXHFRQWHUiQRUPDVHGLUHWUL]HVDUHVSHLWDUSDUDDHODERUDomRGD
IHUUDPHQWDLQIRUPDomRUHODWLYDjVSUHQVDVRQGHDIHUUDPHQWDLUiQRUPDOPHQWHWUDEDOKDU
pSUiWLFDFRPXPQDLQG~VWULDDXWRPyYHORSURMHWRGHXPDIHUUDPHQWDVGHHVWDPSDUVHU
IHLWRSDUDXPDSUHQVDSULQFLSDORQGHDIHUUDPHQWDLUiWUDEDOKDUGXUDQWHDPDLRUSDUWHGR
WHPSR H XPD SUHQVD DOWHUQDWLYD RQGH D IHUUDPHQWD SRGHUi WUDEDOKDU HP VLWXDo}HV GH
HPHUJrQFLD DVVLP FRPR RV GDGRV GH RUoDPHQWDomR UHODWLYDPHQWH DRV FRQVXPRV GH
FKDSDODUJXUDGHEDQGDOHSDVVRGDIHUUDPHQWDS

 (ODERUDomRGDEDQGD
3DUDD HODERUDomRGDEDQGDpHVVHQFLDOWRPDU FRQKHFLPHQWR GRVYDORUHVGHODUJXUDGH
EDQGD H SDVVR TXH IRUDP RUoDPHQWDGRV GH PRGR D TXH R SURMHWLVWD SRVVD VH SRVVtYHO
RWLPL]DU HVVHV YDORUHV QR GHFRUUHU GD HODERUDomR GR SURMHWR GD IHUUDPHQWD (VWH p XP
SRQWR PXLWR LPSRUWDQWH SDUD R FOLHQWH ILQDO DVVLP FRPR SDUD R IRUQHFHGRU TXH LUi



3RUHOHPHQWRVQRUPDOL]DGRVGHYHUiHQWHQGHUVHDVFROXQDVGHJXLDPHQWRHUHVSHWLYRVFDVTXLOKRVPRODV
DJiVSXQo}HVUHGRQGRVRXREORQJRVHQWUHRXWURVTXHSRVVXHPQRUPDVHVSHFtILFDVGHFRQVWUXomRHTXH
SRGHPVHUDGTXLULGRVFRPRDFHVVyULRVGHFRPSUD'XUDQWHDHODERUDomRGHVWH7)0HSRUXPDTXHVWmRGH
VLPSOLFLGDGH IRL XWLOL]DGR R FDWiORJR GH HOHPHQWRV QRUPDOL]DGRV GD )LEUR KWWSZZZILEURGH PDV
H[LVWHPRXWURVIRUQHFHGRUHVGHVWHVSURGXWRVQRPHUFDGR




H[SORUDU D IHUUDPHQWD GH IXWXUR QD PHGLGD HP TXH HVWHV GRLV YDORUHV GLWDP HP
FRQMXQWRFRPRXWURVIDWRUHVGHSHQGHQWHVGRDPELHQWHLQGXVWULDORQGHDVSHoDVLUmRVHU
SURGX]LGDV R SUHoR GH SUHQVDKRUD H R SUHoR PmRGHREUDKRUD R SUHoR XQLWiULR GH
FDGDSHoDTXHVHUiSURGX]LGDSRUHVWDIHUUDPHQWD'HVWHPRGRH[LVWHVHPSUHXPHVIRUoR
QR VHQWLGR GH PDQWHU HVWHV FXVWRV R PDLV EDL[RV SRVVtYHO VHP TXH QR HQWDQWR D
IHUUDPHQWDVHWRUQHLQH[HTXtYHOHRSURFHVVRGHSURGXomRGDVSHoDVVHWRUQHLQVWiYHO
1RFDVRGHHVWXGRGHVWH7)0RVYDORUHVGHODUJXUDGHEDQGDDXWLOL]DUVHUmRPPHR
SDVVR VHUi  PP &RP HVWHV GDGRV R SURMHWLVWD FRPHoD SRU FDOFXODU R SODQLILFDGR D
SDUWLUGRTXDODSHoDVHUiHVWDPSDGD+RMHHPGLDpSUiWLFDFRPXPUHFRUUHUDVRIWZDUHV
TXHUHFRUUDPDRPpWRGRGRVHOHPHQWRVILQLWRVSDUDHVWHFiOFXORXPDYH]TXHRFiOFXOR
PDQXDO DWUDYpV GH FiOFXORV GH GHVHQURODPHQWR GH FKDSD H R GHVHQKR GH VHo}HV
SODQLILFDGDVHPSDSHOpXPSURFHVVRGHPRUDGRVXVFHWtYHODHUURVHLPSURGXWLYRWHQGR
HPFRQWDDVSRVVLELOLGDGHVGHVLPXODomRTXHH[LVWHPKRMHHPGLD

 &iOFXORGRSODQLILFDGR
'H PRGR D HQULTXHFHU HVWH 7)0 HIHWXRXVH R FiOFXOR GHVWH SODQLILFDGR UHFRUUHQGR D
GRLV VRIWZDUHV GLVWLQWRV 6ROLG:RUNV  H &$7,$ 9 D ILP GH FRPSDUDU RV
UHVXOWDGRV REWLGRV HQWUH DPERV DVVLP FRPR GR SODQLILFDGR REWLGR SHOR PpWRGR
RWLPL]DGR1;

 &iOFXORGRSODQLILFDGRHP6ROLG:RUNV
&RPHoRXVHSRULPSRUWDUDSHoDILQDOSDUDR6ROLG:RUNVYHU)LJXUD
8PD YH] TXH D ERVVD FLOtQGULFD QmR IRL FRQVLGHUDGD SDUD R FiOFXOR GR SODQLILFDGR QR
PpWRGRRWLPL]DGRSURFHGHXVHjSUHSDUDomRGDSHoDILQDODQWHVGDLPSRUWDomRSDUDR
VRIWZDUH WHQGR VLGR UHPRYLGRV RV IXURV H D UHIHULGD ERVVD FLOtQGULFD D ILP GH HYLWDU
HUURV
'HVHJXLGDFRPDIXQFLRQDOLGDGH&RQYHUWWR6KHHW0HWDOHIHWXRXVHDFRQYHUVmRGD
VXSHUItFLH VXSHULRU SDUD D FODVVLILFDomR VKHHW PHWDO GH PRGR D SHUPLWLU DR VRIWZDUH
HIHWXDUDSODQLILFDomRGDPHVPDYHU)LJXUD
8PDYH]TXHDSHoDSRVVXLXPDDEDGHFRPSULPHQWRFRQVWDQWHPPHUDLRLQWHULRU
GH  PP SURFHGHXVH j SODQLILFDomR GD VXSHUItFLH VXSHULRU GH PRGR D SXGHU




SRVWHULRUPHQWHUHFULDUDDEDH[LVWHQWHQDSHoDLQLFLDOXWLOL]DQGRDIXQFLRQDOLGDGH(GJH
)ODQJH YHU )LJXUD  'XUDQWH HVWH SURFHVVR WRUQDUDPVH HYLGHQWHV DOJXPDV GDV
OLPLWDo}HV GHVWH VRIWZDUH SDUD HVWH WLSR GH WUDEDOKR HVSHFtILFR XPD YH] TXH GHYLGR j
H[LVWrQFLD GH XPD GXSOD FXUYDWXUD QD VXSHUItFLH VXSHULRU GD SHoD QmR IRL SRVVtYHO D
UHFULDomR GR SHUtPHWUR FRPSOHWR GD DED 'HVWH PRGR DSHQDV IRL SRVVtYHO D UHFULDomR
SDUFLDOGRSHUtPHWURGDDED


)LJXUD3HoDILQDODSyVLPSRUWDomRSDUDRsoftware6ROLG:RUNV


)LJXUD&RQYHUVmRGDVXSHUItFLHVXSHULRUSDUDVKHHWPHWDO







)LJXUD5HFULDomRGDDEDDSyVSODQLILFDomR




)LJXUD3ODQLILFDGRFRPSOHWR




7HQGR D DED SDUFLDO UHFULDGD HP 6ROLG:RUNV SURFHGHPRV DR FiOFXOR GR SODQLILFDGR
SDUFLDOGDSHoDDWUDYpVGDIXQFLRQDOLGDGH)ODW3DWWHUQYHU)LJXUD
8PD YH] TXH R SODQLILFDGR REWLGR FRQVLVWH QXPD DSUR[LPDomR j SHoD ILQDO VHULD GH
VHJXLGDQHFHVViULRSURFHGHUjXQLmRGDVYiULDVDEDVHQWUHVLGHPRGRDSRGHUREWHUXP
SODQLILFDGRILQDOFRPSOHWR

 &iOFXORGRSODQLILFDGRHP&$7,$9
$ ILP GH VH REWHU XPD VHJXQGD LWHUDomR QR SODQLILFDGR RSWRXVH SRU LPSRUWDU D
JHRPHWULDXWOL]DGDSDUDFDOFXODURSODQLILFDGRQR6ROLG:RUNVSDUDR&$7,$9
YHU)LJXUD$SURYHLWDQGRDVFDSDFLGDGHVVXSHULRUHVGHPRGHODomRGR&$7,$9
SURFHGHXVHjUHFULDomRGDDEDFRPSOHWDH[LVWHQWHQDSHoDLQLFLDOXWLOL]DQGRRVPHVPRV
SDUkPHWURV FRPSULPHQWR  PP UDLR LQWHULRU  PP UHFRUUHQGR j IXQFLRQDOLGDGH
)ODQJHYHU)LJXUD'HVHJXLGDSURFHGHXVHjSODQLILFDomRGDSHoDUHFRUUHQGRj
IXQFLRQDOLGDGH)ODWWHQYHU)LJXUD


)LJXUD,PSRUWDomRGDJHRPHWULDXWLOL]DGDHP6ROLG:RUNVSDUDR&$7,$9





)LJXUD5HFULDomRGDDEDSUHVHQWHQDSHoDLQLFLDO


)LJXUD3ODQLILFDomRILQDOGDSHoD



 'HVHQKRGRVFRUWDQWHV
7HQGRRSODQLILFDGRGHILQLGRRSURMHWLVWDWHULDTXHLPSRUWDUDJHRPHWULDJHUDGDSRUXP
GHVWHVVRIWZDUHVSDUDDSODWDIRUPDGHGHVHQKRRQGHRSURMHWRILQDOLULDVHUIHLWRQHVWH
FDVR1;RXQmRFDVRRSURMHWRIRVVHSDUDVHUH[HFXWDGRHP6ROLG:RUNVRX&$7,$
$SyV HVWD LPSRUWDomR R SURMHWLVWD GHVHQKD HP WRUQR GHVWD JHRPHWULD D IRUPD TXH RV
FRUWDQWHVWHUmRTXHWHUGHPRGRDTXHHIHWXHPRVQHFHVViULRVFRUWHVQRPtQLPRQ~PHUR
GHSDVVRVSRVVtYHOVHPTXHSDUDLVVRVHVDFULILTXHDUREXVWH]GRVPHVPRV(VWHSURFHVVR
p XP SURFHVVR LWHUDWLYR H EDVWDQWH UHSHWLWLYR QD PHGLGD HP TXH YmR VHQGR
H[SHULPHQWDGRVYiULRVGHVHQKRVGHFRUWDQWHVHPYiULDVGLVSRVLo}HVDRORQJRGDEDQGD
DWpTXHVHHQFRQWUHXPDVROXomRVDWLVIDWyULD

 'HILQLomRGDEDQGD
'H VHJXLGD R SURMHWLVWD GHVHQKD DV YiULDV IDVHV LQWHUPpGLDV TXH D SHoD LUi VRIUHU DR
ORQJR GDV YiULDV RSHUDo}HV GD IHUUDPHQWD $ VHTXHQFLDomR GRV FRUWDQWHV GHVHQKDGRV
DQWHULRUPHQWHDVVLPFRPRGDVYiULDVRSHUDo}HVGHHVWDPSDJHPHRXGREUDJHPGHYHVHU
HQWmRFRQFUHWL]DGDQRILFKHLURGDEDQGDGHVHQKDQGRGHVWHPRGRRSURMHWLVWDWRGRHVWH
DUUDQMRDWUDYpVGHYiULDVLWHUDo}HVDWpTXHVHHQFRQWUHDFRQILJXUDomRLGHDO



)LJXUD'HILQLomRGDEDQGDSHORPpWRGRWUDGLFLRQDO




1RFDVRGHHVWXGRSDUWLFXODUGHVWH7)0DEDQGDILQDOILFRXFRPHVWDo}HVHFRPR
DUUDQMR SUHVHQWH QD )LJXUD  VHQGR SRVVtYHO REVHUYDU DV YiULDV DOWHUDo}HV TXH D
PDWpULDSULPD YDL VRIUHQGR DR ORQJR GDV  HVWDo}HV GD IHUUDPHQWD HVWDQGR WDPEpP
UHSUHVHQWDGRVRVSXQo}HVTXHH[HFXWDUDPDVRSHUDo}HVGHFRUWHQDIHUUDPHQWD

 &iOFXORV
3DUD D UHDOL]DomR GRV FiOFXORV R SURMHWLVWD UHFRUUH jVH[SUHVV}HV SUHVHQWHV QD VHomR 
REWHQGRGHVWHPRGRRVHVIRUoRVGHFDGDHVWDomRGDIHUUDPHQWD2VFiOFXORVGDVIRUoDV
SDUFLDLV GHFDGD HVWDomR FDOFXODGDVSHOR PpWRGRWUDGLFLRQDO HQFRQWUDPVH QR $QH[R
&'HVHJXLGDDSUHVHQWDPVHRVFiOFXORVDJUXSDGRVSRUWLSRGHRSHUDo}HVDVVLPFRPRR
VRPDWyULRILQDO

7DEHOD&iOFXORVSHORPpWRGRWUDGLFLRQDO
2SHUDomR

)RUoD3ULQFLSDO

)RUoD(QFRVWDGRU

&RUWH

1.JI

1.JI

'REUDJHP

1.JI

1.JI

(VWDPSDJHP

1.JI

1.JI

727$,6

1.JI

1.JI



3DUD D REWHQomR GRV YDORUHV GH DSURYHLWDPHQWR GH PDWHULDO R SURMHWLVWD GHYHUi GH
VHJXLGD SURFHGHU j FRPSDUDomR HQWUH D iUHD GH PDWpULDSULPD FRUUHVSRQGHQWH D XP
SDVVRGDIHUUDPHQWD03LQLFLDO
 








&RP D PDWpULDSULPD QHFHVViULD SDUD H[HFXWDU D SHoD 03ILQDO HVWH YDORU SRGH VHU
UHWLUDGRGRVRIWZDUHYHU)LJXUD
  






&DOFXODQGRGHVHJXLGDRDSURYHLWDPHQWRGHPDWpULDSULPD$03

 







)LJXUD0DWpULDSULPDQHFHVViULDSDUDH[HFXWDUDSHoDPP





 3URMHWRGDIHUUDPHQWD
7HQGR D EDQGD GHILQLGD R SURMHWLVWD FRPHoDULD D GHVHQKDU D IHUUDPHQWD PDQXDOPHQWH
SHoD SRU SHoD FRPHoDQGR WLSLFDPHQWH SHORV HOHPHQWRV IXQFLRQDLV H SHORV HOHPHQWRV
SHULIpULFRV ILFDQGR RV HOHPHQWRV HVWUXWXUDLV SDUD R ILQDO $ RUGHP FRP TXH HVWHV
HOHPHQWRVVmRGHVHQKDGRVpLUUHOHYDQWHXPDYH]TXHQmRH[LVWHQHQKXPILRFRQGXWRUGR
SURFHVVRGHSURMHWRILFDQGRGHVWHPRGRDFDUJRGRSURMHWLVWDDGHFLVmRGDRUGHPFRP
TXHHVWHVHOHPHQWRVVmRGHVHQKDGRV
1D )LJXUD  WHPRV XPD YLVWD JHUDO GR SURMHWR ILQDO HIHWXDGR SRU HVWH PpWRGR
HODERUDGRQDHPSUHVD0DQXHOGD&RQFHLomR*UDoD/GD




)LJXUD3URMHWRGDIHUUDPHQWDILQDOSHORPpWRGRWUDGLFLRQDO





2VHOHPHQWRVIXQFLRQDLVFRQVLVWHPQRVHOHPHQWRVTXHUHDOL]DUmRWUDEDOKRQDIHUUDPHQWDQRPHDGDPHQWH
SXQo}HVHPDWUL]HVGHFRUWHFXQKRVHPDWUL]HVGHHVWDPSDJHPSXQomRHPDWUL]GHGREUDJHP


2VHOHPHQWRVSHULIpULFRVFRQVLVWHPHPWRGRVRVHOHPHQWRVFXMDSUHVHQoDQDIHUUDPHQWDpLQGLVSHQViYHO
QRHQWDQWRQmRFRQWULEXHPGLUHWDPHQWHSDUDDSURGXomRGDSHoDILQDO


2VHOHPHQWRVHVWUXWXUDLVVHUYHPGHVXSRUWHSDUDDPRQWDJHPGRVHOHPHQWRVTXHDWXDUmRGLUHWDPHQWHQD
FKDSDQHVWHFDVRVXEEDVHFDOoRVEDVHSRUWDSLVDVHWHWR



&DStWXOR 
 0pWRGRRWLPL]DGRGHSURMHWR
1HVWH FDStWXOR DERUGDUHPRV R PpWRGR GH SURMHWR RWLPL]DGR UHFRUUHQGR
H[FOXVLYDPHQWH j IHUUDPHQWD SDUDPpWULFD GH SURMHWR PHFkQLFR 3URJUHVVLYH 'LH
:L]DUGTXHVHHQFRQWUDQRVRIWZDUH1;GD6LHPHQV

 3UHSDUDomRLQLFLDO
(VWHPpWRGRLQLFLDVHFRPDWDUHIDGHDWXDOL]DUDVELEOLRWHFDVGHPDWHULDLVGHPRGRD
TXHWRGRVRVFiOFXORVH[HFXWDGRVQHVWHSURJUDPDVHMDPYiOLGRV'HVWHPRGRSURFHGHX
VHjLQWURGXomRGDVSURSULHGDGHVPHFkQLFDVGRPDWHULDO60&$QH[R$QDEDVHGH
GDGRV GR SURJUDPD DVVLP FRPR GRV YiULRV FDWiORJRV GH HOHPHQWRV QRUPDOL]DGRV TXH
LUHPRV XWLOL]DU QR GHFRUUHU GHVWH SURMHWR SRU H[HPSOR FROXQDV FDVTXLOKRV HQWUH
RXWURV

 (ODERUDomRGDEDQGD
'H VHJXLGD LQLFLRXVH D WDUHID GH HODERUDomR GD EDQGD WDUHID HVWD TXH WDO FRPR IRL
DSUHVHQWDGR QD )LJXUD  SRGHULD VHU XPD EDQGD SDUD RUoDPHQWR RX XPD EDQGD ILQDO
SDUDDSURYDomRGRSURFHVVRGHHVWDPSDJHPGDVSHoDV

 &iOFXORGRSODQLILFDGR
'HVWDIRUPDDSULPHLUDDWLYLGDGHDH[HFXWDUGHPRGRDDWLQJLUHVWHREMHWLYRFRQVLVWHQD
SODQLILFDomRGRSURGXWRILQDOGHPRGRDREWHUVHXPFRQWRUQRSODQRTXHVHUYLUiGHEDVH
j HODERUDomR GRV FRUWHV LQLFLDLV QD IHUUDPHQWD $ H[HFXomR GHVWD WDUHID FDUHFH GD
XWLOL]DomR GH VLPXODomR DWUDYpV GR PpWRGR GRV HOHPHQWRV ILQLWRV GH PRGR D SRGHU
SUHYHUDTXDQWLGDGHGHPDWHULDOTXHVHUiQHFHVViULRSDUDH[HFXWDURSURGXWRILQDO
3DUWLQGRGRGHVHQKRGRSURGXWRILQDOSURFHGHXVHjUHPRomRGRVIXURVGHPRGRDTXH
HVWHVQmRLQIOXHQFLHPQHJDWLYDPHQWHHVWDVLPXODomR
'H VHJXLGD H[WUDLXVH D VXSHUItFLH H[WHULRU GD SHoD H FRP D IHUUDPHQWD 2QH 6WHS
)RUPDELOLW\SURFHGHXVHjSODQLILFDomRGHVVDPHVPDVXSHUItFLHVHQGRQHFHVViULRSDUD
RHIHLWRDLQWURGXomRGDVUHJL}HVDSODQLILFDUYHU)LJXUDHRSODQRSDUDRQGHHVWDV




]RQDVGHYHPVHUSODQLILFDGDVYHU)LJXUD(VWHSODQRSDUDRQGHGHYHUiVHUHIHWXDGD
DSODQLILFDomRGHILQHVHFRPRVHQGRRHVSHOKRGDVPDWUL]HVGHFRUWHRXVHMDRSODQR
RQGHLUmRVHUH[HFXWDGRVRVFRUWHVLQLFLDLVHSRURQGHVHUiWUDQVSRUWDGDDSHoDQDEDQGD
&RPRSRGHVHUYLVWRQD)LJXUDIRLH[FOXtGDGDUHJLmRDSODQLILFDUDERVVDFLOtQGULFD
HVWDGHFLVmRGHYHXVHjEDL[DSURIXQGLGDGHGHHVWDPSDJHPGDPHVPDPPSHOR
TXH GH PRGR D QmR LQWURGX]LU PDLV YDULiYHLV QD UHDOL]DomR GR FiOFXOR D PHVPD IRL
GHL[DGDGHIRUDGHVWDSODQLILFDomR$PDOKDSDUDH[HFXomRGRFiOFXORGHVWHSODQLILFDGR
IRLXPDPDOKDFRPSRVWDSRUHOHPHQWRVWULDQJXODUHVFRPXPWDPDQKRPpGLRGHPP
YHU)LJXUD
$SyV D REWHQomR GR SODQLILFDGR SUHVHQWH QD )LJXUD  IRL QHFHVViULR SURFHGHU j
VLPSOLILFDomRGHVWHFRQWRUQRXPDYH]TXHRVRIWZDUHDRFDOFXODURPHVPRUHFRUUHXD
FRQWRUQRV FRPSOH[R FRPSRVWRV SRU FXUYDV GH VHJXQGR H WHUFHLUR JUDX VSOLQHV (VWD
VLPSOLILFDomR HVWi FRPSURYDGD SRU H[SHULPHQWDomR DQWHULRU TXH VHUi EHQpILFD QR
GHFRUUHUGRSURMHWRXPDYH]TXHHVWHFRQWRUQRVHUYLUiGHEDVHjHODERUDomRGHWRGRR
SURMHWR D VLPSOLILFDomR GHVWH WRUQDUi R PHVPR PDLV OHYH GR SRQWR GH YLVWD
FRPSXWDFLRQDODVVLPFRPRHYLWDUiHUURVGHPRGHODomR'QRIXWXUR



)LJXUD5HJLmRDSODQLILFDU









)LJXUD5HJLmRREMHWLYRSDUDRQGHGHYHUiVHUIHLWDDSODQLILFDomR





)LJXUD0DOKDXWLOL]DGDQRFiOFXORGRSODQLILFDGRPP









)LJXUD3ODQLILFDGRILQDO


 'HVHQKRGRVFRUWDQWHV
7HQGR HQWmR R IRUPDWR QXPD YHUVmR PHOKRUDGD D DWLYLGDGH VHJXLQWH FRQVLVWH QR
GHVHQKR GRV FRUWDQWHV D XWLOL]DU SDUD RV FRUWHV LQLFLDLV 'HVWD IRUPD WUDQVS{VVH DV
JHRPHWULDVTXHKDYLDPVLGRGHVHQYROYLGDVSDUDDHODERUDomRGHVWDDWLYLGDGHQRPpWRGR
WUDGLFLRQDO GH SURMHWR SDUD HVWH ILFKHLUR H LPSRUWRXVH SDUD R VRIWZDUH XWLOL]DQGR D
IXQFLRQDOLGDGH%ODQN*HQHUDWRU6HJXLGDPHQWHLQWURGX]LXVHQRSURMHWRRVYDORUHVGH
ODUJXUD GH EDQGD  PP H GH SDVVR  PP UHFRUUHQGR j IXQFLRQDOLGDGH %ODQN
/D\RXWTXHSHUPLWLXWDPEpPDILQDUDSRVLomRGRSODQLILFDGRUHODWLYDPHQWHjEDQGD
'H LPHGLDWR R VRIWZDUH DSRQWDQRV XP YDORU GH DSURYHLWDPHQWR GH PDWHULDO 6
YHU)LJXUD





)LJXUD$SURYHLWDPHQWRGHPDWpULDSULPD6

'HVHJXLGDFRPDIXQFLRQDOLGDGH6FUDS'HVLJQHFRPDVJHRPHWULDVGHFRUWHTXHMi
WLQKDPVLGRSUHYLDPHQWHSUHSDUDGDVSDUDRHIHLWRGHILQLUDPVHRVSXQo}HV

 'HILQLomRGDEDQGD
$~OWLPDDWLYLGDGHSDUDFRPSOHWDUDWDUHIDGHHODERUDomRGDEDQGDFRQVLVWHQDGHILQLomR
GD PHVPD H QR DUUDQMR GDV YiULDV RSHUDo}HV UHFRUUHQGR j IXQFLRQDOLGDGH 6WULS
/D\RXW
)RUDPXWLOL]DGRVQRYDPHQWHRVPHVPRVYDORUHVTXHRVXWLOL]DGRVQRPpWRGRGHSURMHWR
WUDGLFLRQDORXVHMDHVWDo}HVHDDOLPHQWDomRQRVHQWLGRGDGLUHLWDSDUDDHVTXHUGD
'HSRLV GH LQWURGX]LGDV HVWDV YDULiYHLV QR SURJUDPD SRGHPRV HQWmR GLVWULEXLU DV
RSHUDo}HVGHFRUWHSHODVYiULDVRSHUDo}HVGDIHUUDPHQWDGHXPPRGRLQWHUDWLYRGUDJ
DQGGURS
3DUDDFRQFOXVmRGHVWDDWLYLGDGHpQHFHVViULDDSUHSDUDomRGRVHVWiJLRVLQWHUPpGLRVGH
HVWDPSDJHP QR HQWDQWR HVWD SUHSDUDomR QmR p H[FOXVLYD GHVWH PpWRGR VHQGR WDPEpP
QHFHVViULDQRPpWRGRWUDGLFLRQDOYHU)LJXUD




F
Figura
29 Definio da banda pelo
p mtodo otimizaddo.

55.4 Clcu
ulos
Tenddo a banda definida,
d
av
vanou-se paara a tarefa de calcularr as foras qque se encon
ntram
envoolvidas em todo este processo.
p
R
Recorrendo funcionallidade Forrce Calcula
ation
definnimos as opperaes de corte e esttampagem, de modo a que o softw
ware proceda ao
clcuulo das foras parciais e totais de ccada estao
o, os resultaados parciaiis destes cllculos
encontram-se noo Anexo D.
De sseguida apreesentam-se os clculoss agrupadoss por tipo de
d operaees assim co
omo o
somaatrio final. Estes clcu
ulos foram m
maioritariam
mente obtidos recorrenndo s expreesses
preseentes na seo 3.4, com
m exceo de algumass variveis e formas dee clculo paara as
quaiss o softwaree no permite customizzao.
Ta
abela 2 C lculos atrravs do PD
DW
Operrao

Forra Princip
pal

Fora Encosstador

Cortte

482
2686 N (492220 Kgf)

48
8269 N (49222 Kgf)

Dobrragem

515
573 N (52599 Kgf)

25
5786 N (26229 Kgf)

Estaampagem

300
039 N (30633 Kgf)

41
181 N (426 Kgf)

TOT
TAIS

564
4297 N (575543 Kgf)

82
2803 N (84444 Kgf)

44




 3URMHWRGDIHUUDPHQWD
8WLOL]DQGR D EDQGD TXH KDYLD VLGR HODERUDGD DQWHULRUPHQWH FRPHoRXVH D HQWUDU QD
WDUHIDGHHODERUDomRGRSURMHWRGDIHUUDPHQWD

 (OHPHQWRVHVWUXWXUDLV
$SULPHLUDDWLYLGDGHGHVWDWDUHIDpDGHILQLomRGRVHOHPHQWRVHVWUXWXUDLVGDIHUUDPHQWD
'HVWH PRGR SURFHGHXVH j GHILQLomR GDV HVSHVVXUDV TXH VHULDP XWLOL]DGDV HP FDGD
HOHPHQWR DVVLP FRPR DV TXDQWLGDGHV H DIDVWDPHQWRV GRV PHVPRV (VWD GHILQLomR
H[HFXWRXVHFRPUHFXUVRDIROKDVGHFiOFXORTXHVHHQFRQWUDPLQFRUSRUDGDVQRVRIWZDUH
3':YHU)LJXUDTXHDSyVSUHHQFKLGDVJHUDPRVHOHPHQWRVSUHVHQWHVQD)LJXUD




)LJXUD'HILQLomRGRVHOHPHQWRVHVWUXWXUDLV








)LJXUD3URMHWRDSyVH[HFXomRGDHVWUXWXUD



 (OHPHQWRVIXQFLRQDLV
$ VHJXQGD DWLYLGDGH GHVWD WDUHID FRQVLVWH QD GHILQLomR GRV HOHPHQWRV IXQFLRQDLV GD
IHUUDPHQWD(VWDGHILQLomRIRLGLYLGLGDHPWUrVJUXSRVSULQFLSDLVDVRSHUDo}HVGHFRUWH
DVRSHUDo}HVGHHVWDPSDJHPFDOLEUDomRHDVRSHUDo}HVGHGREUDJHP

 2SHUDo}HVGH&RUWH
1D DWLYLGDGH VHJXLQWH GHILQLXVH RV FRUWDQWHV TXH VHUmR XWLOL]DGRV QR SURMHWR
FRPHoDQGR SHORV HOHPHQWRV QRUPDOL]DGRV SXQo}HV SRUWDSXQo}HV H PDWUL]HV $
LQWURGXomR GHVWHV p FRQVHJXLGD UHFRUUHQGR jV ELEOLRWHFDV SUHVHQWHV QD IXQFLRQDOLGDGH
6WDQGDUG3DUW0DQDJHPHQWYHU)LJXUD>@








)LJXUD,QWURGXomRGHHOHPHQWRVQRUPDOL]DGRVSDUDRSHUDo}HVGHFRUWH

'H VHJXLGD UHFRUUHQGR j IXQFLRQDOLGDGH 3LHUFLQJ ,QVHUW 'HVLJQ GHILQLUDPVH RV
SXQo}HVGHFRUWHQmRQRUPDOL]DGRVTXHVHUmRXWLOL]DGRVQHVWHSURMHWRYHU)LJXUD



)LJXUD,QWURGXomRGRVUHVWDQWHVSXQo}HVGHFRUWH






6HJXLXVH D GHILQLomR GDV PDWUL]HV GH FRUWH UHFRUUHQGR QRYDPHQWH j IXQFLRQDOLGDGH
3LHUFLQJ ,QVHUW 'HVLJQ YHU )LJXUD  1HVWH SRQWR WRUQRXVH HYLGHQWH TXH DOJXQV
SRQWRVQHVWHSURMHWRWHULDPTXHVHUILQDOL]DGRVFRPUHFXUVRDRVPpWRGRVWUDGLFLRQDLV
QRPHDGDPHQWHQDGHILQLomRGD~OWLPDPDWUL]GHFRUWHDGHVHSDUDomRGHYLGRDHVWDQmR
SRVVXLUXPSHUILOGHFRUWHIHFKDGRDRUHGRUGRSXQomRGHFRUWH



)LJXUD,QWURGXomRGDVPDWUL]HVGHFRUWH


 2SHUDo}HVGH(VWDPSDJHP&DOLEUDomR
1HVWDDWLYLGDGHGHILQLUDPVHRVHOHPHQWRVGHHVWDPSDJHPHRXFDOLEUDomRTXHSRVVXHP
IRUPDVFRPSOH[DV5HFRUUHQGRjIXQFLRQDOLGDGH)RUPLQJ,QVHUW'HVLJQFRPHoRXVH
SRU H[WUDLU DV VXSHUItFLHV GD EDQGD TXH VHULDP XWLOL]DGDV QHVWD DWLYLGDGH WHQGR VLGR
QHFHVViULRHPDOJXPDVVXSHUItFLHVSURFHGHUDOLJHLURVDMXVWHVGHPRGRDTXHDVPHVPDV
SRGHP VHU XWLOL]DGDV 'H VHJXLGD JHURXVH RV FXQKRV H PDWUL]HV GH HVWDPSDU H RV
HQFRVWDGRUHVGDVYiULDVRSHUDo}HVGHFRUWHHFDOLEUDomRTXHUHVWDYDPQDIHUUDPHQWDYHU
)LJXUDH)LJXUD





)LJXUD,QWURGXomRGRVFXQKRVHGRVHQFRVWDGRUHV



)LJXUD,QWURGXomRGDVPDWUL]HVGHHVWDPSDU


 2SHUDomRGHGREUDJHP
3DUD D H[HFXomR GD RSHUDomR GH GREUDJHP SUHVHQWH QHVWD IHUUDPHQWD UHFRUUHXVH j
IXQFLRQDOLGDGH %HQGLQJ ,QVHUW 'HVLJQ SDUD GHVHQKDU D PDWUL] H R SXQomR TXH LUmR
UHDOL]DUDRSHUDomRGHGREUDJHPYHU)LJXUDH)LJXUD









)LJXUD,QWURGXomRGDPDWUL]GHGREUD




)LJXUD,QWURGXomRGRSXQomRGHGREUD








 (OHPHQWRVSHULIpULFRV
)LQGDDGHILQLomRGRVHOHPHQWRVIXQFLRQDLVUHVWDDGHILQLomRGRVHOHPHQWRVSHULIpULFRV
'HQWUR GHVWH FRQMXQWR GH HOHPHQWRV SRGHPRV PHQFLRQDU DV FROXQDV H UHVSHWLYRV
FDVTXLOKRV TXH HIHWXDUDP R JXLDPHQWR GRV YiULRV HOHPHQWRV PyYHLV $VVLP FRPR DV
PRODVDJiVTXHSHUPLWLUDPRFRUUHWRIXQFLRQDPHQWRGRVHOHYDGRUHVHGRVSRUWDSLVDV
'HVWH PRGR UHFRUUHQGR QRYDPHQWH j ELEOLRWHFD 6WDQGDUG 3DUW 0DQDJHPHQW
LQWURGX]LUDPVHHVWHVHOHPHQWRVQDIHUUDPHQWDYHU)LJXUD



)LJXUD,QWURGXomRGRVHOHPHQWRVQRUPDOL]DGRV

3DUDDHODERUDomRGRVUHVWDQWHVHOHPHQWRVSHULIpULFRVWRUQDVHQHFHVViULRDDSOLFDomRGD
PHWRGRORJLDWUDGLFLRQDOGHVHQKDQGRGHVWHPRGRSHoDDSHoDRVUHVWDQWHVHOHPHQWRV
QHFHVViULRV













3iJLQDHPEUDQFR





&DStWXOR 
 &RPSDUDomR
'H PRGR D IDFLOLWDU D LGHQWLILFDomR GH SRQWRV IRUWH H SRQWRV IUDFRV HP DPERV RV
PpWRGRVGHSURMHWRGHVFULWRVQHVWH7)0DSUHVHQWDVHGHVHJXLGDXPFRPSDUDWLYRHQWUH
DPEDV DV PHWRGRORJLDV DJUXSDGR HP WUrV VHo}HV FRUUHVSRQGHQWHV jV IDVHV PDLV
LPSRUWDQWHVGRSURFHVVRGHSURMHWRGH XPD IHUUDPHQWD D HODERUDomRGRSODQLILFDGRD
HODERUDomRGDEDQGDHDHODERUDomRGDIHUUDPHQWD

 (ODERUDomRGRSODQLILFDGR
1RGHFRUUHUGHVWH7)0IRUDPHODERUDGRVWUrVSODQLILFDGRVUHFRUUHQGRDWUrVVRIWZDUHV
GLVWLQWRV $ ILP GH YDOLGDU DV JHRPHWULDV TXH IRUDP XWLOL]DGDV SDUD HIHWXDU RV
SODQLILFDGRV LPSRUWDUDPVH H VREUHSXVHUDPVH DV JHRPHWULDV XWLOL]DGDV D ILP GH
TXDQWLILFDUSRVVtYHLVGHVYLRVYHU)LJXUDH)LJXUD




)LJXUD&RPSDUDomRGDVJHRPHWULDVXWLOL]DGDVSDUDRFiOFXORGRVSODQLILFDGRV









)LJXUD&RPSDUDomRGDVJHRPHWULDVXWLOL]DGDVSDUDRFiOFXORGRVSODQLILFDGRV
GHWDOKH

$WUDYpV GHVWD FRPSDUDomR SRGHPRV DILUPDU TXH DV JHRPHWULDV XWLOL]DGDV SDUD D
HODERUDomRGRVSODQLILFDGRVQDVWUrVSODWDIRUPDVGHGHVHQKRVmRYLiYHLVWHQGRHPFRQWD
DSHoDLQLFLDO6HQGRDSHQDVGHPHQFLRQDUXPOLJHLURGHVYLRGDJHRPHWULDXWLOL]DGDQR
&$7,$ 9 VyOLGR D YHUGH QR WRSR GD SHoD UHODWLYDPHQWH j SHoD LQLFLDO VyOLGR D
D]XO 'HVYLR HVVH TXH QmR LQIOXrQFLD R FiOFXOR GR GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GD FKDSD H
FRQVHTXHQWHODUJXUDILQDOGRSODQLILFDGR$VVLPFRPRXPSHTXHQRGHVYLRGHVSUH]iYHO
PPGHYLGRjIDOWDGHFRQYHUJrQFLDHQWUHDVDEDVHODERUDGDVHP&$7,$9SDUD
VLPXODU DV DEDV ODWHUDLV GD SHoD 1R HQWDQWR DSHVDU GDV JHRPHWULDV XWLOL]DGDV SDUD R
FiOFXOR GRV SODQLILFDGRV VHUHP FRPSDUDWLYDPHQWH VHPHOKDQWHV HQWUH VL D FRPSDUDomR
GRVSODQLILFDGRVREWLGRVDSUHVHQWDYDORUHVPXLWRGLVFUHSDQWHV








)LJXUD&RPSDUDomRGRVSODQLILFDGRVREWLGRV

3DUD HVWD DQiOLVH GHYHUi VHU LJQRUDGR R GHVYLR SUHVHQWH QR WRSR GHYLGR jV TXHVW}HV
DQWHULRUPHQWHGHVFULWDV
2 SODQLILFDGR D D]XO 1; DSUHVHQWD UHODWLYDPHQWH DR SODQLILFDGR D YHUPHOKR
6ROLG:RUNVXPGHVYLRDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHFRQVWDQWHDWRGRRSHUtPHWURGDDEDGH
 PP 3RU VHX ODGR R SODQLILFDGR YHUGH &$7,$ 9 DSUHVHQWD UHODWLYDPHQWH DR
SODQLILFDGRDD]XOXPGHVYLRGHPPYHU)LJXUD1RHQWDQWRDSHVDUGDGLVSHUVmR
GH UHVXOWDGRV DTXL DSUHVHQWDGRV D SUiWLFD YHU FDStWXOR &DStWXOR  DVVLP FRPR D
H[SHULrQFLDGHSURMHWRVDQWHULRUHVUHDOL]DGRVQDHPSUHVD0DQXHO'D&RQFHLomR*UDoD
/GDLQGLFDPTXHRSODQLILFDGRD]XO1;DSHVDUGHQHFHVVLWDUGHDOJXPDVFRUUHo}HV
PtQLPDVpGHWRGRVRTXHSHUPLWHILFDUPDLVSUy[LPRGRSURGXWRILQDO

 (ODERUDomRGDEDQGD
&RPSDUDQGR DPEDV DV PHWRGRORJLDV H[SRVWDV QHVWH WUDEDOKR FRQFOXLXVH TXH KRMH HP
GLD p LQGLVSHQViYHO D XWLOL]DomR GH XP VRIWZDUH TXH UHFRUUD DR PpWRGR GRV HOHPHQWRV
ILQLWRVSDUDDHODERUDomRGRVSODQLILFDGRV
3RGH FRQFOXLUVH WDPEpP TXH D XWLOL]DomR GD IHUUDPHQWD 3URJUHVVLYH 'LH :L]DUG
UHGX] R WHPSR GH FRQFHomR GDV EDQGDV TXHU SDUD RUoDPHQWR TXHU SDUD DSURYDomR GR




SURFHVVRGHHVWDPSDJHP1RFDVRGHVWH7)0DSHQDVVHSRGHFRQVWDWDUHVWDUHGXomRQD
HODERUDomRGDEDQGDSDUDDSURYDomRGRSURFHVVRGHHVWDPSDJHPILQDOXPDYH]TXHQD
HPSUHVD RQGH HVWH SURMHWR IRL GHVHQYROYLGR 0&* DV EDQGDV GH RUoDPHQWDomR VmR
HODERUDGDV SRU XP JDELQHWH H[WHUQR DR JDELQHWH GH SURMHWR OHLDVH JDELQHWH GH
RUoDPHQWDomR'HYLGRDHVVHIDFWRKRMHHPGLDTXDQGRXPDIHUUDPHQWDpDGMXGLFDGDR
JDELQHWH GH SURMHWR QmR SRVVXL QHQKXPD EDQGD HP IRUPDWR &$' SDUD LQLFLDU R VHX
WUDEDOKRWHQGRTXHJHUDUDVEDQGDVSDUDDSURYDomRSRUSDUWHGRFOLHQWHGHUDL]$WUDYpV
GDDSOLFDomRGHVWHVRIWZDUHWRUQDUVHLDSRVVtYHOHODERUDURUoDPHQWRVUiSLGRVHHILFD]HV
SHUPLWLQGR DLQGD QR GHFRUUHU GHVWH SURFHVVR FULDU XP GRFXPHQWR TXH SRVWHULRUPHQWH
VHUYLULDGHEDVHSDUDHODERUDomRGRSURMHWRILQDODSyVDGMXGLFDomRPHOKRUDQGRDVVLPD
DUWLFXODomRHQWUHRJDELQHWHGHRUoDPHQWDomRHRJDELQHWHGHSURMHWR
'HUHIHULUWDPEpPTXHQDIDVHILQDOGDHODERUDomRGHVWH7)0IRLGHWHWDGDXPDOLJHLUD
GLVFUHSkQFLD HQWUH RV YDORUHV GH DSURYHLWDPHQWR GH PDWpULDSULPD FDOFXODGRV SHOD
IHUUDPHQWD 3URJUHVVLYH 'LH :L]DUG H SHORPpWRGRWUDGLFLRQDO
(VWD GLIHUHQoD p MXVWLILFDGD SHOD RFRUUrQFLD GH XP HUUR QD HODERUDomR GH EDQGDV SHOR
PpWRGRWUDGLFLRQDO(VWHHUURFRQVLVWHQDFRQVLGHUDomRGDiUHDGRSODQLILFDGRQDVXD
WRWDOLGDGH VHP D HVWD VHU GHVFRQWDGD D iUHD GH PDWpULDSULPD TXH VHUi UHPRYLGD QDV
RSHUDo}HV GH IXUDomR 1R FDVR SDUWLFXODU GHVWH 7)0 D SURGXomR DQXDO VLWXDUVHi HP
YDORUHVGLWRVSHTXHQRVSHoDVSRUDQRSHORTXHHVWHHUURQmRSRVVXLXPSHVR
PXLWRUHOHYDQWHQRHQWDQWRHPSHoDVFRPJUDQGHVSURGXo}HVDQXDLVSHoDV
SRU DQR RX PDLV HVWHV SHTXHQRV HUURV DGTXLUHP SURSRUo}HV GLIHUHQWHV VHQGR GHVWH
PRGRXPERPH[HPSORGHFRPRDDSOLFDomRGDIHUUDPHQWD3URJUHVVLYH'LH:L]DUG
SRGHUHGX]LUDVSRVVLELOLGDGHVSDUDDRFRUUrQFLDGHHUURV
&RPSDUDQGR RV YDORUHV REWLGRV SDUD D IRUoD SULQFLSDO WRWDO GD IHUUDPHQWD GH
HVWDPSDJHP SHOR PpWRGR WUDGLFLRQDO  1  .JI H RV YDORUHV REWLGRV
SHOR PpWRGR RWLPL]DGR 1  .JI SRGHPRV REVHUYDU HQWUH DPERV
XPD GLIHUHQoD GH DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH  TXH SRGHPRV FRQVLGHUDU FRPR GHVSUH]iYHO H
TXHSRGHVHUDWULEXtGDjXWLOL]DomRGHGLIHUHQWHVIRUPDVGHFiOFXORHRXFRHILFLHQWHVGH
HTXLYDOrQFLDVHJXUDQoD





 (ODERUDomRGRSURMHWRGDIHUUDPHQWD
$SyV GHILQLGD D EDQGD SDUD DSURYDomR GR SURFHVVR GH HVWDPSDJHP SURFHGHXVH DR
SURMHWRGDIHUUDPHQWD
1DVVXEIDVHVTXHVHHQFRQWUDPFRPWHPSODGDVQDIHUUDPHQWD3URJUHVVLYH'LH:L]DUG
IRL SRVVtYHO GLPLQXLU R WHPSR GH SURMHWR DWUDYpV GDV IXQFLRQDOLGDGHV TXH SHUPLWHP
DSyVWHUGHILQLGRDEDQGDFRPRIRLIHLWRQDIDVHDQWHULRUREWHUUDSLGDPHQWHRVSXQo}HV
FXQKRVHPDWUL]HVGHFRUWHHHVWDPSDJHPDVVLPFRPRRVHQFRVWDGRUHVSDUDRSHUDo}HV
GH FDOLEUDomR RX VHSDUDomR 1R HQWDQWR D XWLOL]DomR GHVWD IHUUDPHQWD QmR HYLWD D
QHFHVVLGDGH GH FRQWLQXDU D UHFRUUHU DR PpWRGR WUDGLFLRQDO QRPHDGDPHQWH QD
HODERUDomRGH HOHPHQWRV PyYHLV WDLV FRPR HOHYDGRUHV H[WUDWRUHV HQFRVWDGRUHV RX GH
RXWURVHOHPHQWRVTXHQHFHVVLWHPGHXPDDERUGDJHPGLIHUHQWHGRVHOHPHQWRVFRPXQVjV
IHUUDPHQWDV GH HVWDPSDJHP RX TXH FDUHoDP GH XPD VROXomR LQRYDGRUD GH PRGR D
FXPSULU FRP RV UHTXLVLWRV GR HVSDoR GLVSRQtYHO 'HVWH PRGR D RSomR SHOR PpWRGR
H[FOXVLYDPHQWH SDUDPpWULFR WRUQDVH GHPDVLDGR OLPLWDWLYD QD PHGLGD HP TXH FULD
GHPDVLDGRVREVWiFXORVjFULDWLYLGDGHGRSURMHWLVWD
1RHQWDQWRDSHVDUGHQRGHFRUUHUGHVWH7)0WHUVLGRGHPRQVWUDGDDLPSRVVLELOLGDGHGD
XWLOL]DomRGRPpWRGR RWLPL]DGRHPH[FOXVLYRQmRGHL[DGHVHUUHFRQKHFLGDDPDLV
YDOLD TXH DGYpP GD VXD XWLOL]DomR QR VHQWLGR GH PHOKRUDU DOJXPDV SDUWHV FUXFLDLV GR
SURMHWR

















3iJLQDHPEUDQFR





&DStWXOR 
 &RQFUHWL]DomR
(P VLPXOWkQHR FRP D HODERUDomR GHVWH 7)0 GHFRUUHX D FRQVWUXomR GR REMHWR GH
HVWXGRTXHVHUYLXGHEDVHDHVWH7)0
$PDTXLQDomRGHFXQKRVHPDWUL]HVGHHVWDPSDUSRGHSRUYH]HVDSUHVHQWDUGLILFXOGDGHV
QD JHUDomR GDV HVWUDWpJLDV GH PDTXLQDomR &$0 SRU YH]HV GHYLGR D SHTXHQDV
LPSHUIHLo}HVSUHVHQWHVQDVVXSHUItFLHVGHVWDVSHoDVQRHQWDQWRGXUDQWHRIDEULFR GHVWD
IHUUDPHQWD QmR IRUDP UHJLVWDGRV SUREOHPDV GHVVH WLSR VHQGR SRVVtYHO FRQILUPDU R
DVSHWRILQDOTXHHVWHSURMHWRDGTXLULX$VVLPFRPRREVHUYDUDFRQFUHWL]DomRGDVYiULDV
WUDQVIRUPDo}HVTXHDEDQGDYDLVRIUHQGRDRORQJRGDVYiULDVRSHUDo}HVDTXHDEDQGDp
VXMHLWDGHPRGRDREWHUDSHoDILQDOYHU)LJXUDV



)LJXUD$VSHWRGDIHUUDPHQWDDSyVPRQWDJHP





)LJXUD$VSHWRGDIHUUDPHQWDHPSUHQVD



)LJXUD$VSHWRGDIHUUDPHQWDHPSUHQVD





)LJXUD3HoDILQDO




)LJXUD3HoDILQDO





2SODQLILFDGRXWLOL]DGRQDFRQVWUXomRGRVSXQo}HVHPDWUL]HVGHFRUWHIRLRSODQLILFDGR
JHUDGR SHOR VRIWZDUH 1; TXH DSHVDU GDV GLVFUHSkQFLDV GHWHWDGDV HQWUH RV YiULRV
VRIWZDUHVXWLOL]DGRVQRGHFRUUHUGHVWH7)0SRVVLELOLWRXDREWHQomRGHXPDSHoDGHQWUR
GDV HVSHFLILFDo}HV GR FOLHQWH YHU )LJXUDV  (VWD VLWXDomR MXVWLILFDVH GHYLGR j
EDL[DFRPSOH[LGDGHGDSHoDILQDOQmRVHQGRSUiWLFDFRPXPDHODERUDomRGHSXQo}HVH
PDWUL]HV GH FRUWH GLUHWDPHQWH GR SODQLILFDGR JHUDGR SHOR VRIWZDUH 1; 3RU QRUPD D
FRQVWUXomRGD IHUUDPHQWD LQLFLDVHSHORVHOHPHQWRVGHHVWDPSDUILFDQGRRVSXQo}HV H
PDWUL]HV GH FRUWH D DJXDUGDU R GHFRUUHU GH XP SURFHVVR LWHUDWLYR GH HVWDPSDJHP GH
SODQLILFDGRVFRUWDGRVDODVHUHPHGLomRGHSHoDVHVWDPSDGDV$SHQDVDSyVDREWHQomR
GHSHoDVGHQWURGDHVSHFLILFDomRGRFOLHQWHpTXHVHLQLFLDDFRQVWUXomRGRVSXQo}HVH
PDWUL]HVGHFRUWH







&DStWXOR 
 &RQFOXV}HV
1RGHFRUUHUGHVWH7)0IRUDPDSUHVHQWDGRVGRLVPpWRGRVGHDERUGDJHPDRSURFHVVRGH
SURMHWR GH IHUUDPHQWDV GH HVWDPSDJHP PHWiOLFD R PpWRGR WUDGLFLRQDO PDLV
FRQVHUYDGRURQGHWRGDVDVDWLYLGDGHVGHSURMHWRVmRUHDOL]DGDVPDQXDOPHQWHHPYiULRV
VRIWZDUHV GLVWLQWRV H R PpWRGR RWLPL]DGR TXH DJUXSDQGR WRGDV HVWDV DWLYLGDGHV QD
IHUUDPHQWD3URJUHVVLYH'LH:L]DUGGRVRIWZDUH1;HDXWRPDWL]DQGRDOJXPDVGHODV
SHUPLWLXUHGX]LUROHDGWLPHGHDOJXPDVGDVIDVHVGRSURMHWRJOREDO
2UHFXUVRDHVWDIHUUDPHQWDSHUPLWLXQRVGLPLQXLURWHPSRGHFRQFHomRGRVGRFXPHQWRV
QHFHVViULRV SDUD RUoDPHQWDomR H SDUD DGMXGLFDomR GD IHUUDPHQWD HODERUDomR GDV
UHIHULGDV EDQGDV SDUD XP YDORU QD RUGHP GRV  GR WHPSR JDVWR SHOR PpWRGR
WUDGLFLRQDO
1DIDVHGRSURMHWRGDIHUUDPHQWDGXUDQWHDHODERUDomRGHVWH7)0WRUQRXVHHYLGHQWH
TXH R PpWRGR RWLPL]DGR QmR SHUPLWLULD D HODERUDomR QD tQWHJUD GR SURMHWR GD
IHUUDPHQWDVHQGRVHPSUHQHFHVViULDDOJXPDPRGHODomR'DGLFLRQDODSyVDSOLFDomRGD
IHUUDPHQWD3URJUHVVLYH'LH:L]DUG(VWDQHFHVVLGDGHpMXVWLILFDGDSHODHVSHFLILFLGDGH
TXHFDGDSURMHWRDSUHVHQWDHTXHFDGDHPSUHVDGHFRQVWUXomRGHIHUUDPHQWDVDSUHVHQWD
HTXHIRJHDRkPELWRJHQHUDOLVWDGDVIXQFLRQDOLGDGHVGHSURMHWRSDUDPpWULFRGRVRIWZDUH
3':
3DUDHIHLWRVGHTXDQWLILFDomRGRVJDQKRVHPWHUPRVGHWHPSRGHILQLUDPVHWUrVVXEIDVHV
GHQWUR GD IDVH GR SURMHWR GD IHUUDPHQWD $ SULPHLUD VXEIDVH GHQRPLQDVH SRU
(OHPHQWRVHVWUXWXUDLVHFRQVLVWHQRSURMHWRGRVHOHPHQWRVTXHVHUYLUmRGHHVWUXWXUDD
WRGDVDVRSHUDo}HVGDIHUUDPHQWD$VHJXQGDVXEIDVH(OHPHQWRVIXQFLRQDLVHQJOREDR
SURMHWRGHWRGRVRVHOHPHQWRVTXHLUmRUHDOL]DUWUDEDOKRQDVYiULDVRSHUDo}HVGHFRUWH
GREUDJHP HVWDPSDJHP H FDOLEUDomR SXQo}HV FXQKRV PDWUL]HV HQFRVWDGRUHV 1D
WHUFHLUD H ~OWLPD VXEIDVH (OHPHQWRV SHULIpULFRV FRPWHPSODPVH WRGRV RV UHVWDQWHV
HOHPHQWRVTXHPHVPRQmRUHDOL]DQGRWUDEDOKRQDVYiULDVRSHUDo}HVVmRLQGLVSHQViYHLV
DRFRUUHWRIXQFLRQDPHQWRGDIHUUDPHQWDHOHYDGRUHVH[WUDWRUHVSLORWRVDVVLPFRPRD





FRUUHomRGHSRUPHQRUHVWDPEpPLPSRUWDQWHVWDLVFRPRFROLV}HVHQWUHHOHPHQWRVIROJDV
IXQFLRQDLVDVVLPFRPRIXURVGHDSHUWRHSRVLFLRQDPHQWRSDUDSDUDIXVRVHFDYLOKDV
'HYLGR j QHFHVVLGDGH GH WHUPLQDU R SURMHWR FRP UHFXUVR DR PpWRGR WUDGLFLRQDO D
UHGXomRGRWHPSRJDVWRQDIDVHGRSURMHWRGDIHUUDPHQWDVLWXRXVHQDFDVDGRV
GRWHPSRTXHGHPRUDULDH[FOXVLYDPHQWHSHORPpWRGRWUDGLFLRQDO
7DEHOD&RPSDUDWLYR


0pWRGRWUDGLFLRQDO

0pWRGRRWLPL]DGR

Reduo

(ODERUDomRGDEDQGD

KRUDV

KRUDV

4

3URMHWRGDIHUUDPHQWD

KRUDV

KRUDV

1

(OHPHQWRVHVWUXWXUDLV

KRUDV

KRUDV

2

(OHPHQWRVIXQFLRQDLV

KRUDV

KRUDV

32

(OHPHQWRVSHULIpULFRV

KRUDV

KRUDV



727$,6

KRUDV

KRUDV

18



'XUDQWHRGHFRUUHUGHVWH7)0IRLDSUHVHQWDGRXPPpWRGRGHVLJQDGRFRPRRWLPL]DGR
TXHGHOLQHRXXPDHVWUDWpJLDGHRWLPL]DomRGDPRGHODomR'1RHQWDQWRHVWDILORVRILD
GHRWLPL]DomRSRGHJUDoDVjVIHUUDPHQWDVH[LVWHQWHVKRMHHPGLDHVWHQGHUVHWDPEpPj
PRGHODomR'3DUDOHODPHQWHDRSURMHWRGHRWLPL]DomRGDPRGHODomR'HQFRQWUDVHD
GHFRUUHU QD HPSUHVD 0DQXHO GD &RQFHLomR *UDoD /GD XP SURMHWR GH RWLPL]DomR GD
PRGHODomR'UHFRUUHQGRjIHUUDPHQWD30,3URGXFWDQG0DQXIDFWXULQJ,QIRUPDWLRQ

WDPEpP GR VRIWZDUH 1; GD 6LHPHQV (P WUDoRV JHUDLV HVWH SURMHWR FRQVLVWH QD
LQFRUSRUDomR GH GHWHUPLQDGD LQIRUPDomR TXH WUDGLFLRQDOPHQWH VH HQFRQWUD SUHVHQWH
DSHQDV GHVHQKRV ' GLUHWDPHQWH QR ILFKHLUR ILQDO GDV SHoDV PRGHODGDV HP ' (VWD
QRYD SRVVLELOLGDGH FRPELQDGD FRP DV FDSDFLGDGHV H[LVWHQWHV KRMH HP GLD GH
PDTXLQDomRFRPUHFXUVRjSURJUDPDomR&$'&$0SHUPLWLUiSDUDDOpPGHWUDQVSRUWDU
WRGD D LQIRUPDomR GLPHQVLRQDO QHFHVViULD SDUD H[HFXWDU XPD GHWHUPLQDGD SHoD
LQFRUSRUDU LQIRUPDo}HV UHODWLYDV D DFDEDPHQWRV VXSHUILFLDLV H WROHUkQFLDPHQWRV
JHRPpWULFRV GLUHWDPHQWH QR ILFKHLUR ' (VWD QRYD SRVVLELOLGDGH SHUPLWLUi D
VLPSOLILFDomR GD HODERUDomR GRV GHVHQKRV ' SRGHQGR QR OLPLWH GHL[DU GH VHU




QHFHVViULR D HODERUDomR GRV PHVPRV GHYLGR DR IDWR GH WRGD D LQIRUPDomR SRGHU VHU
WUDQVSRUWDGD QR LQWHULRU GR ILFKHLUR ' (VWD QRYD SRVVLELOLGDGH SHUPLWLUi WDPEpP
UHGX]LUDVSUREDELOLGDGHVGHHUURGXUDQWHRVSURFHVVRVGHPDTXLQDomRXPDYH]TXHR
RSHUDGRU SRGHUi FRQVXOWDU WRGDV DV LQIRUPDo}HV QHFHVViULDV HP DPELHQWH '
HOLPLQDQGR RV SRVVtYHLV HUURV SRU IDOWD GH IRUPDomR FRQKHFLPHQWR RX FDSDFLGDGH GH
LQWHUSUHWDomRGHGHVHQKRV''HVWHPRGRFRPRWUDEDOKRIXWXURSDUDHVWH7)0SRGHULD
VHU IHLWD D LQWHJUDomR GH DPEDV DV IHUUDPHQWDV QR SURFHVVR GH SURMHWR GD HPSUHVD
0DQXHO GD &RQFHLomR *UDoD /GD SHUPLWLQGR DVVLP UHGX]LU OHDGWLPHV H FRORFDU R
SURFHVVR SURGXWLYR GD HPSUHVD HQWUH RV PHOKRUHV GDV HPSUHVDV GH SURMHWR GH
IHUUDPHQWDVHP3RUWXJDO














3iJLQDHPEUDQFR





Bibliografia

[1]

M. Ghatrehnaby e B. Arezoo, A fully automated nesting and piloting system

for progressive dies, Materials Processing Technology, vol. 209, pp. 525-535,
2009.

[2]

W. Zhang, T. S. e G. Britton, A Hybrid Intelligent System for Stamping

Process Planning in Progressive Die Design, The International Journal of
Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 26, pp. 774-783, 2005.

[3]

S. Kumar e R. Singh, An automated design system for progressive die, Expert

Systems with Applications, vol. 38, pp. 4482-4489, 2011.

[4]

D. Luria, J. Baron e K. Dziczek, The World Class Tool Shop and it's Prospects
in Michigan, The Center for Automotive Research, Michigan, 2006.

[5]

J. Rodrigues e P. Martins, Tecnologia Mecnica - Tecnologia da Deformao

Plstica - Vol. II Aplicaes Industriais, Lisboa: Escolar Editora, 2 Edio
2010.

[6]

S. Holmberg, B. Enquist e P. Thilderkvist, Evaluation of sheet metal

formability by tensile tests, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.
145, pp. 72-83, 2004.

[7]

J. Barbosa, Anlise No-Linear Transitria e Quase-Esttica de Placas

Recorrendo Relaxao Dinmica, F.E.U.P. (Porto), 1984.

[8]

T. Altan e A. Tekkaya, Sheet Metal Forming - Fundamentals, Estados Unidos

da Amrica: ASM International, 2012.

[9]

J. Rodrigues e P. Martins, Tecnologia Mecnica - Tecnologia da Deformao

Plstica - Vol. I Fundamentos Tericos, Lisboa: Escolar Editora, 2 Edio
2010.

67

[10] S. Azraq, R. Teti e J. Costa, Springback prediction with FEM analysis of

advanced high strength steel stamping process, Intelligent Production
Machines and Systems, pp. 264-269, 2006.
[11] G. Ingarao e R. Di Lorenzo, A new progressive design methodology for
complex sheet metal stamping operations: Coupling spatially differentiated
restraining forces approachand multi-objective optimization, Computers and
Structures, vol. 88, pp. 625-638, 2010.
[12] I. Suchy, Handbook of Die Design, 2nd Edition, E.U.A.: McGraw-Hill , 1998.
[13] W. P. Romanowski, Handbook of cold metal forming, Warsaw: WNT, 1961.
[14] Fibro GmbH, Standard Parts Catalogue, Alemanha, 2013.
[15] S. Kumar e R. Singh, A low cost knowledge base system framework for
progressive die design, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, pp. 958964, 2004.
[16] MatWeb - The Online Materials Information Resource, [Online]. Available:
http://www.matweb.com/search/DataSheet.aspx?MatGUID=0bb90e2770864e3
3891b60a26b4f5118&ckck=1. [Acedido em 06 03 2013].
[17] Spring

Back,

[Online].

Available:

http://sheetmetal.me/spring-back/.

[Acedido em Junho 2013].

68

$QH[R$&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVWHyULFDVGRDoR60&

3URSULHGDGHV0HFkQLFDV>@

7HQVmRGH5RWXUD

03D

7HQVmRGH&HGrQFLD

03D

(QORQJDPHQWR



,PSDFWRGH&KDUS\

-(1

5DLRGH'REUDJHPPtQLPR

 W,62



&RPSRVLomR4XtPLFD>@

&DUERQR



0DQJDQrV



1LyELR



)yVIRUR



6tOLFD



(Q[RIUH



9DQiGLR






$QH[R%&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVUHDLVGRDoR60&








$QH[R &  &iOFXORV SDUFLDLV GDV IRUoDV 0pWRGR

WUDGLFLRQDO
(VWDomR

)RUoD3ULQFLSDO

)RUoD(QFRVWDGRU

&RUWH

1.JI

1.JI

&RUWH

1.JI

1.JI

'REUDJHP

1.JI

1.JI

&RUWH

1.JI

1.JI

3DVVRHPIDOVR





&RUWH

1.JI

1.JI

(VWDPSDJHP

1.JI

1.JI

3DVVRHPIDOVR





(VWDPSDJHP

1.JI

 

3DVVRHPIDOVR





'REUDJHP

1.JI

1.JI

3DVVRHPIDOVR





'REUDJHP

1.JI

1.JI

3DVVRHPIDOVR





&DOLEUDomR





&DOLEUDomR





3DVVRHPIDOVR





&RUWH

1.JI

1.JI

3DVVRHPIDOVR





&RUWH

1.JI

1.JI

8PDYH]TXHHVWDRSHUDomRGHHVWDPSDJHPVHUiHIHWXDGDDVLPSOHVHIHLWRRXVHMDVHP
UHFRUUHUDXPHQFRVWDGRUQmRH[LVWLUiYDORUGHHQFRVWDGRUQHVWDHVWDomR



$QH[R '  &iOFXORV SDUFLDLV GDV IRUoDV 0pWRGR

RWLPL]DGR
(VWDomR

)RUoD3ULQFLSDO

)RUoD(QFRVWDGRU

&RUWH

1.JI

1.JI

&RUWH

1.JI

1.JI

'REUDJHP

1.JI

1.JI

&RUWH

1.JI

1.JI

3DVVRHPIDOVR





&RUWH

1.JI

1.JI 

(VWDPSDJHP

1.JI

1.JI

3DVVRHPIDOVR





(VWDPSDJHP

1.JI

 

3DVVRHPIDOVR





'REUDJHP

1.JI

1.JI

3DVVRHPIDOVR





'REUDJHP

1.JI

1.JI

3DVVRHPIDOVR





&DOLEUDomR





&DOLEUDomR





3DVVRHPIDOVR





&RUWH

1.JI

1.JI

3DVVRHPIDOVR





&RUWH

1.JI

1.JI

8PDYH]TXHHVWDRSHUDomRGHHVWDPSDJHPVHUiHIHWXDGDDVLPSOHVHIHLWRRXVHMDVHP
UHFRUUHUDXPHQFRVWDGRUQmRH[LVWLUiYDORUGHHQFRVWDGRUQHVWDHVWDomR