Caries

Vaccine
Guided By :

Presented By:

Dr. Manohar Bhatt

Chandresh Bhardwaj

Dr. Satish

IV Year B.D.S.

Dr. Rajesh
Dr. Abhishek
Dr. Prabha
Dr. Deepika
Dr. Namita

Introduction
Dental caries remains one of the most wide spread diseases of
mankind. Landmarks experiments in the 1960 established that mutans
streptococci are the primary itiologic agents of this disease and that this
infection is transmissible.
A strong association exists between level of colonization with mutans
streptococci and dental caries, although other organisms, such as
lactobacilli, have also been implicated in this diseases.

Effective Molecular Targets :Several stages in the molecular pathogenesis of dental caries are
susceptible to immune intervention.

Microorganisms can be cleaned from oral cavity by antibody mediated

aggregation, blocking off colonization and inactivation of GTF enzymes.
Some of the target site for caries vaccines are :1. Adhesins :- Antigen I / II, P1
2. Glucodyltransferades (GTF)
3. Glucan binding proteins
Routes to Protective Response (Active Immunization)
Consequently, several routes have been tried to induce protective
immune responses to dental carries vaccines antigens:-

1. Oral :- This functions by oral induction of immunity get associated

lymphoid tissues to elicit protective salivary antibody response.

2. Intranasal :- these attempts have been made due to its class

relation with oral cavity. These include intranasal installation of
antigen which targets nasal associated lymphoid tissues.

3. Lonsillar :- lonsillar application of antigen generates a good anti

microbal response with the teeth of IgG. Palatine and
nasopharyngeal tonsils contributes pecursar cells to mucosal sites.

4. Minar Salivary Gland :- these have been selected as there ducts

can facilitate retrograde access of bacteria and their products

5. Rectal :- These have been tried with non oral bacterial antigens as
it may result in appearance of S-IgA in salivary gland sites.

Types of Vaccine :1. Submit Vaccines

2. Recombinant Vaccines
3. Conjugate Vaccines

Secretory Immunity :Specific immune defends against the bacteria that are commonly held
responsible for the initiation of dental caries, the mutans streptococci
mainly comprising streptococcus mutans is thought to dipped upon
salivary secretory IgA antibodies which are generated by mucosal
system. Decretory IgA whose concentration varies from 100 300 ug /
ml in adults is produced in the salivary glands by mucosal plasma cells
which secure polymeric IgA, and is then taken up and transported by a
receptor.