Nicholas 2: He became czar in 1893

Rasputin: He is a self-described holy man, he claimed to have magical healing powers.

Industrialization and growth of revolutionary movements:

Bolsheviks: Supported a small number of committed revolutionaries willing to sacrifice everything for
change. (Lenin)
Mensheviks: Wanted a broad base of popular support for the revolution.
Soviets: Were local councils consisting of workers, peasants, and soldiers. They had more influence than
the provisional government.

Lenin: He gained power of the Bolsheviks, and he fled to Western Europe to avoid arrest by the
Czarist regime.
Revolution of 1905:

Russo-Japanese War: Late 1800s, Russia and Japan competed for control of Korea and Manchuria.
Nations signed a series of agreements over the territories.
Bloody Sunday: In 1905- 200,000 workers and their families approached the Czars Winter Palace in St.
Petersburg. They wanted to ask for better working conditions, more personal freedom, and an elected
national legislature. Nicholas 2s generals ordered soldiers to fire on the crowd. More than 1,000 were
wounded and several hundred were killed.

World War 1: In 1914, Nicholas 2 decided to drag Russia into WW1. They were unprepared to
handle the military and economic costs. They were defeated and more than 4 million Russian
Soldiers had been killed, wounded, or taken prisoner.
Two Revolutions:

March Revolutions- Provisional Government- Alexander Kerensky: in 1917- 200,000 workers swarmed
the streets shouting down with the war! At First the soldiers obeyed orders to shoot the rioter but later
on they sided with them.
November Revolutions also known as: The Bolshevik Revolution 1917, second revolution
All power to the Soviets- the people
Bread, Land and Peace- Lenins slogan

Treaty of Brest: Litovsk-unilatera treaty with Germany Trotsky-Bolshevik government signed a

truce to stop all fighting and began peace talks.
Trotsky: Revolutionary leader of the Bolshevik red army.
Civil War: 1918

White Army- Supported the return to rule by the czar.

Red Army- Bolsheviks (Lenin) (won)
Problem- They wanted different things for Russia
Results-Red crushed all opposition, allies with the white
New Name Lenin gives to Russia- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Duma: the first Russia parliament

Fall of the USSR: 1989