Limit activity

restrict participation
activity
limitation is a
difficulty
encountered by an
individual in
executing a task or
action
participation
restriction is a
problem experienced
by an individual in
involvement in life
situations
physical
cognitive
mental
sensory
emotional
Developmental or some combination of these
impairment.
A disability may be present from birth, or
occur during a person's lifetime.
A disability is a physical or
mental impairment that
substantially limits one or more
major life activities such as
learning, working, walking,
seeing, and hearing.
Individual qualify as
disabled if they have had
an impairment in the
past or is seen as
disabled based on a
personal or group
standard or norm


Mental disorders (also
known as psychiatric or
psychosocial disability) and
various types of chronic
disease may also qualify as
disabilities
Disability
Physical Sensory
Vision &
hearing
Olfactory and
gustatory
Somatosensory
Vision
Movement
Thinking
Remembering
Learning
Communicating
Hearing
Mental health
Social relationships
affects a person's mobility
Need to use some sort of equipment for
assistance with mobility
It also includes people who have lost limbs
Paraplegia
Quadriplegia
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Hemiplegia
Cerebral palsy
Absent limb/reduced limb
function
Polio
impairment of one of the senses
refer to vision and hearing impairment
vision loss (of a person)
additional support need
limitation of visual capability resulting from
either disease, trauma, or congenital or
degenerative conditions that cannot be
corrected by conventional means, such as
refractive correction, medication.

hard of hearing
deafness refers to conditions in which
individuals are fully or partially unable to
detect or perceive at least some frequencies
of sound which can typically be heard by
most people.
Mild hearing loss may sometimes not be
considered a disability.

sense of smell and taste
associated with aging but can also occur in
younger people
Complete loss of the sense of taste is known
as ageusia
dysgeusia is persistent abnormal sense of
taste
Anosmia inability to smell
Dysosmia things do not smell as they "should"
Hyperosmia an abnormally acute sense of
smell
Hyposmia decreased ability to smell
Olfactory Reference Syndrome psychological
disorder which causes patients to imagine they
have strong body odor
Parosmia things smell worse than they should
Phantosmia "hallucinated smell", often
unpleasant in nature

Insensitivity to stimuli
such as touch, heat, cold, and pain
commonly associated with paralysis
mental retardation
cognitive deficits too mild
specific learning disability
may appear at any age

A psychiatric disability (or mental illness) can
develop at any age
Mental illnesses can include stress-related
conditions
major depression
Anxiety
disorder of neural development
characterized by impaired social interaction
verbal and non-verbal communication
restricted and repetitive behavior

disability that results in problems with
growth and development

Diabetes
Asthma
inflammatory bowel disease
Narcolepsy
Fibromyalgia, or some sleep disorders may be
counted as nonvisible disabilities
as opposed to disabilities which are clearly
visible, such as those requiring the use of a
wheelchair.

Common causes of developmental disabilities can include:

Accidents
Birth injuries
Congenital / genetic defects
Child abuse
Drug abuse
Head trauma
Violence

Arthritis
Back pain
Heart disease
Cancer
Depression
Diabetes

Arthritis is probably the biggest single cause
About 1 in 3 people say arthritis affects their
ability to do their jobs in some way
Other muscle and joint problems -- bad
backs, bones that never mend, bad hips --
are common causes of disability too.
People may live with heart disease for years
or decades. It can severely limit their ability
to work. Studies estimate that heart disease
is now the reason for 17% of all health costs
in the U.S.
cancer itself can be disabling, treatments
such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy
can also make it difficult to work.
"Cancer is the fastest-growing cause for
disability claims,"

diabetes is rising fast. Along with obesity, it's
linked to a number of serious health
problems, like heart disease
Diabetes is a costly disease to manage, too,
in part because of the drugs and supplies.

These include a number of conditions that
affect the brain or nerves, such as:
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Parkinson's disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, also
known as Lou Gehrig's disease)
Alzheimer's disease
MS is a leading cause of disability in young
adults. It most often appears between ages
20 and 40.

The Family and Medical Leave Act offers up to 12
weeks of unpaid leave. However, it isn't available to
many women who:
Are self-employed
Work at small businesses
Haven't worked long enough with an employer to be
eligible
Some employers and a few states offer women short-
term disability payments for pregnancy. The rest have
to get by using sick days and vacation.
Long-term disability caused by pregnancy is relatively
rare. Women who wind up needing bed rest while
they're pregnant or who suffer from complications
afterward -- like postpartum depression -- can face
serious financial stress.

Many people assume accidents are the most
likely cause of disability. But they are
actually the cause of less than 10% of
disability cases.

There is a global correlation between
disability and poverty, produced by a variety
of factors. Disability and poverty may form a
vicious circle, in which physical barriers
make it more difficult to get income, which
in turn diminishes access to health care and
other necessities for a healthy life. The
World report on disability indicates that half
of all disabled people cannot afford health
care, compared to a third of non-disabled
people.
Individuals with disabilities are greatly affected by
disasters
Those with physical disabilities can be at risk when
evacuating if assistance is not available
Individuals with cognitive impairments may struggle with
understanding instructions that must be followed in the
event a disaster occurs
Those who are blind, hearing impaired, etc. may have
difficulty communicating during the emergency
All of these factors can increase the degree of variation of
risk in disaster situations with disabled individuals
Research studies have consistently found discrimination
against individuals with disabilities during all phases of the
disaster cycle

The most common limitation is that people cannot
physically access buildings or transportation, as well as
access disaster-related services